Lightweight universal joints, splined joints, and transmission shafts

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lightweight universal joint, a splined fitting sub, and a transmission shaft, which is related to the field of automobile transmission shaft. The lightweight universal joint includes a ball socket, a ball head, and a shank, the ball socket has a thin-walled structure, the ball socket is not used to transmit transmission torque, the ball head is hinged to the ball socket, the ball head is provided with a transmission hole, the shank passes through the transmission hole, fixed wings are connected to both ends of the ball socket, and the fixed wings are provided with a support hole and a transmission key. The lightweight splined fitting sub includes a splined shaft and a splined sleeve, both of which have a thin-walled structure. The lightweight transmission shaft includes the lightweight universal joint and / or the lightweight splined fitting sub. In the present invention, the ball socket and the spline mating sub-substrate are integrally molded using a thin-walled structure, thereby realizing machining without cutting, greatly improving production efficiency and quality stability, greatly reducing part weight and processing costs, and meeting the growing demand for lightweight automobile parts.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automotive transmission shafts, and in particular to lightweight universal joints, splined joints, and transmission shafts. [Background technology]

[0002] This application is based on Chinese patent CN202021793026.3, filed on August 20, 2020, with publication number CN213176523U, and is further optimized and improved to meet the requirements for lightweight transmission shafts in the automobile industry. In order to achieve weight reduction, the transmission shafts of the prior art generally use light materials such as aluminum alloys and carbon fibers to achieve the purpose of reducing the weight of parts, but such light materials are generally expensive, thereby increasing the cost of the transmission shafts and increasing the difficulty of production, and the technology is complicated and still has technical deficiencies. There are quality risks in the connection between carbon fiber and steel, and delamination is likely to occur between different materials, thereby reducing the strength of the products and causing quality accidents. Although the Chinese patent CN202021793026.3 has a certain weight reduction compared with the traditional cross shaft type transmission shaft, the processing technology of the ball socket is complicated, the processing efficiency is low, the processing cost is high, and it is difficult to achieve standardization, and the ball socket is an important force-bearing part and has the function of transmitting torque, so the overall force is relatively large and requires high structural strength, and the thickness and weight of the part are difficult to further reduce, and the weight is uneven, which cannot meet the requirements of mass production and weight reduction of automobile transmission shafts, and the huge torque received by the ball socket is likely to cause deformation of the ball socket body structure, which further affects the component matching accuracy, so there is a need for further structural optimization for the purpose of reducing weight, simplifying the process, improving production efficiency and the stability of processing quality, improving product performance, and reducing product costs. At the same time, the manufacturing technology of the spline sleeve and spline shaft of the transmission shaft in the prior art is also complicated, and the weight is uneven, which needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of the present invention is to provide a lightweight universal joint, spline fitting sub-joint and transmission shaft to meet the requirements of the automobile industry for light-weighting and standardization of transmission shafts, and to solve the problems of patent CN202021793026.3 such as high cost, complex processing technology, low processing efficiency, and inapplicability to mass production of automobile transmission shafts, while optimizing the force-bearing state and function of the universal joint and ball socket, preventing the ball socket body from transmitting torque, and mainly playing the role of sealing the lubricating oil, thereby reducing the force-bearing deformation of the ball socket, improving the structure technology of the ball socket, reducing the manufacturing difficulty, improving the processing efficiency of the ball socket, and reducing the weight and processing cost of the ball socket. The structural technology of the spline sleeve and spline shaft is optimized, and the large diameter and small thickness are used to optimize the material distribution, maximize the material performance, improve the spline bearing capacity, reduce the spline stress and sliding friction force, reduce the spline wear, improve the spline life, reduce the weight of the spline fitting, simplify the manufacturing technology of the spline fitting, improve production efficiency, reduce product costs, and improve product quality.

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the existence of the transmission shaft in the prior art, the present invention provides a lightweight universal joint including a ball socket, a ball head, and a shank, the ball socket has a thin-walled structure, the ball socket is not used to transmit transmission torque, the ball head is rotatably mounted on the ball socket, a transmission hole is provided in the ball head, the shank passes through the transmission hole and passes through the spherical center of the ball head, fixed wings are connected to both ends of the ball socket, and the fixed wings are provided with a support hole and a transmission key.

[0005] The ball socket body in the present invention is not used to transmit transmission torque, its function is mainly to provide a sealed lubricating space for other transmission parts in the ball socket, thoroughly improve the force-bearing state of the universal joint, solving the technical problem that the ball socket body structure of the traditional universal joint in the prior art is required to transmit torque, the force-bearing capacity of the entire ball socket is relatively large, and large torque is easy to cause deformation of the ball socket structure. In addition, due to the connection between the fixed wing and the external part, when the connection dimension of the external part changes, it can be adapted by changing the fixed wing, so that the change in the external connection dimension will not affect the structure of the ball socket, and the standardized mass production of the core part ball socket can be realized, and it can meet the mass requirements of automobiles.

[0006] Furthermore, the ball socket is an integrally molded thin-walled structure or a split thin-walled structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the transmission further includes rolling elements, the rolling elements being provided on both ends of the axial shaft, and rolling element surfaces being provided on both ends of the transmission hole, the outer surfaces of the rolling elements being fitted into the rolling element surfaces of the transmission hole to transmit torque, the rolling elements being rotatable around the axial line of the axial shaft, and being capable of rolling on the rolling element surfaces of the transmission hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer surface of the rolling element is a conical surface, the conical surface of the rolling element is fitted into the rolling element surface of the transmission hole, the contact bus bar between the two is straight, and the extension line of the contact bus bar passes through the center of the ball head.

[0009] Furthermore, the bearing further includes a stopper mechanism, which stops the rolling elements in the axial direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the device further includes an axial support mechanism for supporting and positioning the shaft in the axial direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the axial support mechanism is a steel ball or a wear pad.

[0012] Furthermore, the ball socket is an overall thin-walled one-piece molded structure, two insertion holes are symmetrically provided in the ball socket, an insertion hole is provided in the fixed wing, the insertion hole is inserted into the insertion hole, and the axial shaft is rotatably supported in the support hole of the fixed wing.

[0013] Furthermore, the ball socket is a one-piece injection molded structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the ball socket has a split structure and includes ball socket I and ball socket II, both of which are integrally molded thin-walled structures, and the ball socket I and ball socket II are connected to each other and arranged symmetrically.

[0015] Furthermore, the ball socket I and the ball socket II are provided with an inner spherical surface, a bearing hole, and a fixed cylinder, the fixed wing is connected to the fixed cylinder by the support hole, and the axial shaft is rotatably supported by the bearing hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the ball socket I and the ball socket II are each provided with a sealing fixed surface, and a sealing groove is further provided in the sealing fixed surface, and a seal ring is placed in the sealing groove, which is used to realize the sealing connection between the ball socket I and the ball socket II.

[0017] Furthermore, the thickness of the ball socket is 0.2-5 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the diameter of the lip of the ball socket is smaller than the ball diameter of the ball head.

[0019] Furthermore, a positioning spherical surface is provided at the middle portion of the swivel shaft, and a restraining surface is provided at the middle portion of the transmission hole of the ball head, and the positioning spherical surface is restrainedly fitted into the restraining surface of the transmission hole.

[0020] The present invention further provides a lightweight spline fitting assembly, which includes a spline shaft and a spline sleeve, both of which have a thin-walled structure, and the spline shaft and the spline sleeve form a spline fitting assembly that can slide by spline fitting.

[0021] The conventional spline fitting generally adopts a small diameter and a large wall thickness, but the present invention adopts a method of appropriately increasing the diameter of the spline index circle and simultaneously rationally reducing the wall thickness, so as to rationally optimize the diameter and wall thickness of the spline shaft and the spline sleeve, optimize the material distribution, reduce the material usage, and maximize the material performance. The large diameter and small wall thickness improve the spline bearing capacity, reduce the spline stress and sliding friction force, reduce the spline wear, increase the spline life, improve the spline performance, and are more suitable for advanced cold forming and non-cutting processing technology, which reduces processing costs and improves product quality.

[0022] Furthermore, an internal spline is provided on one end of the spline shaft, and the spline shaft is fixedly connected by this internal spline to an external spline provided in correspondence with the shank portion of the ball head at one end of the transmission shaft, and an external spline is further provided on the outside of the spline shaft, and the external spline on the spline shaft is slidably fitted into the internal spline provided at one end of the spline sleeve, and the other end of the spline sleeve is fixedly connected by the internal spline to an external spline provided in correspondence with the shank portion of the ball head at the other end of the transmission shaft.

[0023] Furthermore, the splined oil reservoir further includes a splined oil reservoir fitted into the inner cavity of the splined shaft to form an oil reservoir, and the splined shaft is provided with several fabric oil holes, which communicate with the oil reservoir.

[0024] Furthermore, the internal splines and external splines of the spline shaft and the spline sleeve are involute splines, rectangular splines, or plum-shaped splines.

[0025] The present invention further provides a lightweight transmission shaft including a universal joint and / or a splined joint, the universal joint being the lightweight universal joint and / or the splined joint being the lightweight splined joint.

[0026] Furthermore, a sealing port is provided in the ball socket of the lightweight universal joint, and a dust cover is connected to the sealing port, and one end of the dust cover is connected to the sealing port and the other end is connected to the shank portion of the ball head or the spline sleeve of the transmission shaft.

[0027] Furthermore, the ball socket and the dust cover are integrally molded into one piece.

[0028] Furthermore, a filter is further provided at one end of the dust cover connected to the shank portion of the spline sleeve or the ball head, and an exhaust hole is provided on the ball head, and the inner cavity of the dust cover communicates with the central chamber of the spline fitting through the exhaust hole, and the outside air is filtered by the filter before entering the inner cavity of the dust cover. The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. Both the ball socket and the spline mating part are made of thin-walled structure and are integrally molded without cutting or with little cutting. This not only significantly improves production efficiency and quality stability, but also reduces the weight by 40-70%, saving a large amount of steel, meeting the development requirements of lightweight auto parts, greatly improving product performance, and reducing the vibration and noise of the transmission shaft.

[0030] 2. The ball socket is connected to the external parts by the fixed wing. When the connection dimensions of the external parts change, the fixed wing can be changed to accommodate the change. This means that the change in the external connection dimensions will not affect the structure of the ball socket, and standardized mass production of the ball socket can be realized, which is in line with the mass production requirements of automobiles.

[0031] 3. Through the optimized structural design, the force-bearing state of the universal joint has been thoroughly improved, and the torque transmission is mainly completed by the fixed wing, bearing, axial shaft, rolling element and ball head. The ball socket body structure is no longer responsible for torque transmission, and the ball socket mainly plays the function of oil storage and sealing. This fundamentally reduces the load of the ball socket, which enables the ball socket to be designed with a lighter structure such as injection molding or pressing, thereby saving material usage, improving product performance and quality, and reducing costs.

[0032] 4. The ball socket is made of injection molding, and the spline mating part is made of cold molding technology, which eliminates the traditional complicated cutting process. This not only improves the processing quality of the parts, but also saves a lot of processing costs and extends the service life of the products.

[0033] 5. The spline oil reservoir type lubrication structure design distributes the lubricating oil evenly on the inner surface of the spline part of the spline shaft, and ensures that the lubricating oil is more evenly distributed on the sliding surface of the spline mating part under the action of rotation centrifugal force. At the same time, it prevents the accumulation and eccentricity of the lubricating oil from affecting the dynamic balance of the transmission shaft, and improves the utilization efficiency of the lubricating oil.

[0034] 6. The combination of the locating spherical surface of the single axis and the constraint surface at the middle part of the transmission hole of the ball head allows the axial pulling force received by the ball head to be applied to the locating spherical surface of the single axis through the constraint surface, effectively reducing the load at the center of gravity of the ball socket and allowing the universal joint to bear a larger ball head pulling force, thereby strengthening the center of gravity capacity, effectively protecting the ball socket, and increasing the service life of the ball socket.

[0035] 7. The installation of the stopper mechanism for the rolling elements allows the axial force received by the rolling elements to be transferred to the straight axis, and since the rolling elements are arranged symmetrically, this axial force is transformed into a pair of equal and opposite balancing forces acting on the straight axis, thereby preventing this force from causing damage to other components and making the structural load-bearing capacity of the entire universal joint more balanced and rational.

[0036] 8. The axial support mechanisms installed on both ends of the S-shaft can perform axial support for the S-shaft, and further serve as the center of gravity of axial support for the ball head through the rolling elements, while at the same time sharing the supporting force of the ball socket for the ball head, and improving the ability of the universal joint to resist vibration and wear.

[0037] 9. The present invention can solve the problems of high cost, complex technology and potential quality problems existing in the prior art high-end transmission shaft such as aluminum alloy / carbon fiber.

[0038] 10. The present invention breaks through the limitations of the prior art in structure and manufacturing technology, overturns the design concepts and technical lines of the prior art transmission shaft, and opens up new design concepts and development concepts for the transmission shaft. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0039] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a lightweight universal joint of the present invention.

[0040] [Diagram 2] is an E-E cross-sectional view of FIG.

[0041] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the cap in FIG. 2 is equivalently replaced with a blocking ring and steel balls.

[0042] [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the stopper mechanism in FIG. 2 is replaced equivalently with a retaining ring and a bolt.

[0043] [Diagram 5] is a cross-sectional view taken along the line F-F of FIG.

[0044] [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of A in FIG.

[0045] [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of a ball head having a spline on a shank portion of the ball head.

[0046] [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the lightweight universal joint of FIG. 1.

[0047] [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perspective structure of a ball socket, in which (a) is a front perspective view of the ball socket, and (b) is a rear perspective view of the ball socket.

[0048] [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the fixed wing in FIG. 1, in which (a) is a perspective view of the fixed wing from above, and (b) is a perspective view of the bottom of the fixed wing.

[0049] [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a lightweight universal joint.

[0050] [Figure 12] 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B--B of FIG.

[0051] [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an axial support mechanism for a wear-resistant pad.

[0052] [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bolt stopper mechanism.

[0053] [Figure 15] 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG.

[0054] [Figure 16] is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG.

[0055] [Figure 17] 11 is a schematic diagram of a perspective structure of the ball socket, in which (a) is a bottom perspective view of the ball socket, and (b) is a plan perspective view of the ball socket. FIG.

[0056] [Figure 18] 12 is a schematic perspective view of the fixed wing in FIG. 11, in which (a) is a perspective view of the fixed wing from above, and (b) is a perspective view of the bottom of the fixed wing. FIG.

[0057] [Figure 19] FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the lightweight universal joint in which the fixed wings in FIG. 11 are omitted.

[0058] [Figure 20] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a lightweight universal joint.

[0059] [Figure 21] is a cross-sectional view taken along line HH of FIG.

[0060] [Figure 22] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view 1 of a spline shaft and a spline sleeve, in which (a) is a schematic perspective view of the spline shaft, and (b) is a schematic perspective view of the spline sleeve.

[0061] [Diagram 23] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view 2 of a spline shaft and a spline sleeve, in which (a) is a schematic perspective view of the spline shaft, and (b) is a schematic perspective view of the spline sleeve.

[0062] [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a transmission shaft.

[0063] [Diagram 25] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the transmission shaft.

[0064] [Figure 26] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along line QQ of FIG. 24, in which the spline shaft and the spline sleeve are the spline shaft and the spline sleeve shown in FIG.

[0065] [Figure 27] 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along line JJ in FIG. 24.

[0066] [Figure 28] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line KK in FIG. 25, in which the spline shaft and the spline sleeve are the spline shaft and the spline sleeve shown in FIG.

[0067] [Figure 29] is a cross-sectional view taken along line LL in FIG.

[0068] [Diagram 30] FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the transmission shaft.

[0069] [Diagram 31] 3 is a schematic perspective view of a spline shaft and a spline sleeve, in which (a) is a schematic perspective view of the spline shaft, and (b) is a schematic perspective view of the spline sleeve.

[0070] [Diagram 32] FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the transmission shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0071] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings. Example 1:

[0072] As shown in Figures 1, 11 and 20, the present invention provides a lightweight universal joint including a ball socket 3, a ball head 1 and a shaft 2, the ball socket 3 has a thin-walled structure, the ball head 1 is rotatably mounted on the ball socket 3, a transmission hole is provided in the ball head 1, the shaft 2 passes through the transmission hole, and fixed wings 8 are connected to both ends of the ball socket 3. As shown in Figure 10, the fixed wing 8 is provided with a support hole 8-1 and a transmission key 8-2, thereby providing a lightweight universal joint.

[0073] Specifically, the ball head 1 is pivotally mounted on the ball socket 3 and pivotally mounted on the spur 2 through a transmission hole, the ball socket is provided with an inner spherical surface Q, the outer surface of the ball head 1 is pivotally fitted concentrically with the inner spherical surface Q of the ball socket 3, fixed wings 8 are respectively mounted on both ends of the ball socket 3, and the transmission keys 8-2 on the fixed wings 8 are connected to the input port or the output port of the transmission system. The fixed wings 8 receive the torque transmitted from the end of the spur and send it to the transmission system connected thereto through the transmission keys 8-2, or the fixed wings 8 receive the torque transmitted from the transmission system connected thereto through the transmission keys 8-2 and transmit it to the end of the spur, and transmit the torque to the ball head 1 through the spur, thus realizing universal joint power transmission. With this power transmission method, the main body of the ball socket 3 is not used to transmit the transmission torque, and its function is mainly to provide a sealed lubricating space for other transmission parts in the ball socket 3. Therefore, the present invention solves the technical problem that the ball socket body structure of the traditional universal joint existing in the prior art is necessary to transmit torque, the force bearing capacity of the entire ball socket 3 is relatively large, and large torque is easy to cause deformation of the ball socket structure, by installing fixed wings for transmitting torque at both ends of the ball socket 3, and thoroughly improves the force bearing capacity of the universal joint. In addition, due to the connection between the fixed wings and the external parts, when the connection dimensions of the external parts change, it can be adapted by changing the fixed wings, so that the change in the external connection dimensions will not affect the structure of the ball socket, and the standardized mass production of the core part ball socket can be realized, and it can meet the mass demand of automobiles.

[0074] The ball socket of the present invention has a thin-walled structure, and the thin-walled ball socket is manufactured using non-cutting processing techniques such as injection molding, press molding, or stretch molding, which simplifies manufacturing. The ball socket body structure of the traditional universal joint needs to transmit torque, so the ball socket must have a thick wall to ensure its structural strength, and the traditional ball socket processing cost is high. The present invention performs a process to thin the wall of the ball socket, greatly reducing the weight of the part. The lightweight universal joint of the present invention thoroughly improves the force-receiving state of the universal joint through the optimized design of structure, and the torque transmission is mainly completed by the fixed wing, bearing, single axis, rolling element and ball head, and the ball joint mainly plays the function of oil storage sealing, which fundamentally reduces the load of the ball socket, thereby realizing a lightweight structural design for the ball socket, saving materials, improving the performance quality of the product and reducing the cost.

[0075] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 11 and FIG. 20, the universal joint of the present invention further includes a rolling element 7, the rolling element 7 is provided with a conical surface 7-2 and a fixed surface 7-1, the transmission hole of the ball head 1 passes through the ball head and is symmetrically arranged along the central planes CC, FF and NN of the ball head, the axis of the transmission hole passes through the spherical center of the ball head 1, both ends of the transmission hole are rolling element surfaces 1-1, the rolling elements 7 are symmetrically and coaxially mounted on the one-shaft 2, and the conical surface 7-2 of the rolling element 7 is fitted into the rolling element surface 1-1 of the transmission hole of the ball head 1. The contact busbars M between the two are straight, and the extension line of the contact busbar M passes through the spherical center R of the ball head 1. The rolling elements 7 can roll around the spherical center of the ball head 1 along the surface of the rolling element surface 1-1 of the transmission hole. The two symmetrically arranged rolling elements 7 simultaneously serve as inner rings of the bearings, and are fitted into the bearings 9 at both ends of the straight shaft by their fixed surfaces 7-1. The rolling elements 7 are further fixed into the bearing hole G of the ball socket 3 or the support hole of the fixed wing by the bearings 9. The ball socket 3 is fitted into its inner spherical surface Q and is surrounded by the outer spherical surface of the ball head 1.

[0076] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1, 11 and 20, the ball socket 3 is further provided with a sealing port T, one end of the dust cover 11 is connected to the sealing port T of the ball socket 3, and the other end is fixedly wrapped around the shank portion of the ball head 1 (including an extension portion fixedly connected to the ball head 1, such as an axial tube, etc.) or the spline sleeve, forming a sealed space between the dust cover and the ball socket, and the ball head portion, rolling elements, axial shaft and bearing of the ball head 1 are wrapped and sealed together, and grease is injected at the same time.

[0077] Furthermore, as shown in Figs. 2-4 and 12-14, stopper mechanisms are further provided on both ends of the straight shaft, and the stopper mechanisms stop the rolling elements 7 in the axial direction.

[0078] 2-3 and 12-13 show one embodiment of the stopper mechanism, in which the stopper mechanism includes a retaining ring groove and a retaining ring 5, the retaining ring groove is provided on both ends of the straight shaft 2, and the retaining ring 5 is engaged in the retaining ring groove.

[0079] Furthermore, the retaining ring is an open elastic retaining ring, and after mounting, the retaining ring is clamped and locked in the retaining ring groove of the straight shaft by the elasticity of the retaining ring itself.

[0080] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8, in order to facilitate installation, the retaining ring 5 has a paired semi-annular structure, and the retaining rings 5 ​​used in a pair can form a complete annular retaining ring, which is engaged with the retaining ring grooves at both ends of the straight shaft 2, and the two semi-annular retaining rings 5 ​​used in a pair are fastened by a fastening device, so that the retaining rings 5 ​​can be prevented from slipping out of the retaining ring grooves of the straight shaft 2. The fastening device shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 8 is a cap 24, which is mounted on the end of the straight shaft and restrains the two semi-annular retaining rings 5 ​​used in a pair in the cylindrical inner cavity of the cap 24. The fastening device shown in FIG. 11-13 and FIG. 19 is a blocking ring 6, which is provided with an annular groove on the outer circumferential surface of the retaining ring 5, and the blocking ring 6 is sleeved into the annular groove of the retaining ring 5 to fasten the two semi-annular retaining rings 5 ​​used in a pair. Equivalently, the blocking ring 6 may be replaced with a wire that is wound around and fastened by a wire around the two retaining rings 5 ​​used in a pair. The cap 24 may also be a cylindrical structure with both ends open, which will not be described in detail here. The stopper structure supports the symmetrically arranged rolling elements 7 between the retaining rings 5 ​​at both ends of the single-shaft 2, restricts the outward movement of the rolling elements 7 along the single-shaft axis, and bears the axial force in the direction of the single-shaft axis that occurs when the rolling elements are transmitted. Of course, the retaining rings 5 ​​may be equivalently replaced with other structures such as retaining posts or retaining plates.

[0081] 4 and 14 show another embodiment of the stopper mechanism including a bolt X and female threads opened at both ends of the one-shaft 2, and the bolt X is fixed to both ends of the one-shaft 2 by the female thread, or the stopper mechanism includes a nut and male threads opened at both ends of the one-shaft 2, and the nut is fixed to both ends of the one-shaft 2 by the male thread. Specifically, female or male threads are provided at both ends of the one-shaft 2, and bolts or nuts are screwed and fixed to the threads at both ends of the one-shaft, so that the symmetrically arranged rolling elements 7 are supported between the bolts or nuts at both ends of the one-shaft, the outward movement of the rolling elements 7 along the axial direction of the one-shaft is restricted, and the axial force of the one-shaft generated when the rolling elements are transmitted is borne.

[0082] The installation of the stopper mechanism can transfer the axial force generated during the transmission of the rolling elements to the S-shaft, and since the rolling elements are arranged symmetrically, this axial force can be transformed into a pair of equal and opposite balancing forces acting on the S-shaft, thereby avoiding damage caused by this force to other components and making the structural load-bearing capacity of the entire universal joint more balanced and rational. After the S-shaft is subjected to the axial tensile force, it can increase its ability to bear bending and twisting, and improve its load-bearing state.

[0083] Furthermore, as shown in Figs. 5 and 15, a lip opening K is provided on the ball socket 3, and the diameter of this lip opening K is smaller than the ball diameter of the ball head.

[0084] Preferably, the wall thickness of the ball socket is 0.2-5 mm.

[0085] 1, 6 and 11, the center of the axle 2 is provided with a positioning spherical surface 2-1, and the center of the ball head transmission hole is provided with a constraint surface 1-2. After the axle 2 passes through the ball head transmission hole, the positioning spherical surface 2-1 fits into the constraint surface 1-2 of the transmission hole, and the constraint surface 1-2 limits the position of the positioning spherical surface 2-1. As shown in Fig. 6, the positioning spherical surface 2-1 is a spherical surface protruding from the outer surface of the axle 2.

[0086] The fitting of the positioning spherical surface 2-1 of the axial shaft with the restraining surface 1-2 at the middle part of the ball head transmission hole allows the axial shaft to directly bear the removal force of the ball head, thereby enhancing the centering ability, effectively protecting the ball socket, and increasing the service life of the ball socket.

[0087] Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 20-21, a hinge pin Y is provided, and a hinge hole 2-2 is provided in the middle of the one-shaft 2, so that the axis of the hinge hole 2-2 and the axis of the one-shaft 2 intersect perpendicularly. A fixing hole 1-3 is provided in the ball head 1, and the axis of the fixing hole 1-3 passes through the spherical center R of the ball head 1 and is perpendicular to the ball head central plane CC. The hinge pin Y passes through the fixing hole 1-3 of the ball head and is hinged to the hinge hole 2-2 of the one-shaft, so that the one-shaft can swing around the axis of the hinge pin Y within the transmission hole of the ball head. The structural setting of the hinge pin further improves the centering action.

[0088] Furthermore, axial support mechanisms are further provided at both ends of the one-shaft 2. As shown in Figs. 2-4 and 11-14, the axial support mechanisms shown are caps 24, steel balls, or wear pads P. When the axial support mechanism is the cap 24, the cap 24 is used both as a fastening device for the semi-annular retaining ring 5 and as an axial support mechanism. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 11-14, the steel balls or wear pads P are provided between the end of the one-shaft 2 and the bottom of the bearing hole G, or as shown in Fig. 2-4, the steel balls or wear pads P are provided between the end of the one-shaft 2 and the top of the cavity of the fixed wing 8 to support the one-shaft in the axial direction.

[0089] The axial support mechanisms provided on both ends of the axial shaft, i.e., the steel balls 4 or wear-resistant pads P, perform axial support for the axial shaft, and further perform axial support centering for the ball head by the rolling elements, as well as share the supporting force of the ball socket against the ball head, thereby enhancing the ability of the universal joint to resist vibration wear.

[0090] The axial support mechanism, the stopper mechanism and the rolling elements 7 provided on both ends of the positioning spherical surface 2-1 of the axial shaft 2 can together restrain and position the ball head and hold it in the correct fitting position. Example 2:

[0091] As shown in Figures 11-17 and 19, the ball socket 3 has a split-type thin-walled structure and is divided into two parts, ball socket I 31 and ball socket II 32, which are symmetrically arranged and sealed and connected, and are combined with the space that accommodates the ball head part of the ball head 1, the axial shaft 2, the rolling elements 7 and the bearings, and both ball socket I 31 and ball socket II 32 are provided with an inner spherical surface Q, a bearing hole G and a fixed cylinder S. The fixed wing 8 wraps and clamps the fixed cylinder S of the corresponding ball socket through the support hole 8-1, and the transmission torque is transferred by the fixed cylinder S, so that the ball socket body does not take on the function of torque transmission.

[0092] Preferably, the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32 are both integrally molded thin members and are arranged symmetrically along the ball head center plane CC. As shown in Fig. 17, the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32 are each provided with a sealing and fixing surface 12, and the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32 are fixedly connected by this sealing and fixing surface 12 to form an integrated ball socket. In one embodiment, the sealing and fixing surface 12 is further provided with a sealing groove 14, which is an annular groove recessed from the surface of the sealing and fixing surface, and after the sealing and fixing surfaces 12 of the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32 are bonded and fixed, the sealing groove 14 of the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32 can be surrounded by a sealing chamber. A seal ring 15 is disposed in the sealing chamber, and the seal ring 15 is pressed by the sealing grooves 14 of the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32 to form a seal between the sealing fixed surfaces of the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32, which together with the dust cover 11 forms a complete sealing structure for the universal joint. Of course, between the sealing fixed surface 12 of the ball socket I 31 and the sealing fixed surface 12 of the ball socket II 32, a concave-convex sealing fit (for example, a protrusion is provided on one sealing fixed surface and a groove is provided on the other sealing fixed surface, and the protrusion and the groove are sealingly fitted together) or a flat sealing fit (for example, a seal gasket is provided between the two sealing fixed surfaces and a sealing adhesive is applied) can also be adopted.

[0093] Preferably, the fixed connection manner between the sealing and fixing surfaces of the ball socket I 31 and the ball socket II 32 can adopt riveting of the rivet 13, bolt fixing connection, welding, etc. according to need. Example 3:

[0094] As shown in Figures 1-5 and 8-9, the ball socket 3 is an integrally molded thin-walled structure, i.e., the ball socket body is an integrally molded thin-walled structure, the ball socket 3 has insertion holes 3-1 symmetrically provided at both ends, the fixed wing 8 has an insertion hole 8-3, and the insertion hole 8-3 of the fixed wing 8 is sealed and inserted into the insertion hole 3-1 of the ball socket. Preferably, an oil sealing groove is provided at the mouth of the insertion hole 3-1, and a seal ring 27 is compressed and arranged between the oil sealing groove and the insertion hole to form a highly reliable seal (shown in Figure 1), and the support hole 8-1 of the fixed wing 8 is used to support a fixed bearing 9.

[0095] The body of the ball socket 3 can be integrally formed from a thin steel plate, or non-metallic materials such as resin, nylon, plastic, etc. can also be selected.

[0096] If the material of the ball socket 3 is an elastic material, a steel skeleton can be pre-embedded in the insertion hole 3-1 of the ball socket 3, so that when the main body of the ball socket 3 is integrally molded from the elastic material, it is integrated with the steel skeleton to provide rigidity to the insertion hole 3-1, which is then fastened and inserted into the insertion hole 8-3 of the fixed wing 8, improving the sealing and reliability of the connection. Furthermore, the insertion hole 3-1 of the ball socket 3 needs to be firmly inserted into the insertion hole 8-3 of the fixed wing 8 and fixed by a method such as a fastener.

[0097] Preferably, the sealing port T of the ball socket is fixedly connected to the dust cover 11, and the ball socket and the dust cover are manufactured as two separate parts, and then fixedly connected by a fastener or the like through the connection port of the sealing port T of the ball socket and the dust cover 11, or the dust cover and the ball socket can be integrated into one whole part.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 20, in the overall structure in which the ball socket and dust cover 11 are integrally molded and the material used is a soft elastic material, a steel skeleton can be pre-embedded in the ball socket insertion hole 3-1 portion to increase the rigidity of the ball socket bearing hole and facilitate assembly. Example 4:

[0099] As shown in Figures 22, 24, 26-27, the lightweight splined mating vice includes a splined shaft 16 and a splined sleeve 17, both of which have a thin-walled structure, and the splined shaft 16 and the splined sleeve 17 are bonded together by fitting the uneven surfaces of the splined shaft 16 and the splined sleeve 17 to form a slidable splined mating vice. By appropriately increasing the diameter of the spline index circle and simultaneously reducing the thickness, the diameter and thickness of the splined shaft and the splined sleeve are optimized, the material distribution is optimized, the spline support capacity is improved, and the stress and sliding friction force of the small spline are reduced.

[0100] The spline oil reservoir 22 is fitted into the bore of the spline shaft 16, one end of the spline shaft is fixed to the ball head, the other end of the spline oil reservoir is connected to one end of the spline oil reservoir, and the other end of the spline oil reservoir is connected to the ball head, forming an oil reservoir 23 between the spline oil reservoir 22, the spline shaft 16, and the ball head. The spline shaft 16 is provided with several fabric oil holes 16-2, which are connected to the oil reservoir 23, and the lubricating oil is stored in the oil reservoir. When the transmission shaft rotates at high speed, the lubricating oil in the oil reservoir reaches the sliding mating surface of the spline shaft and the spline sleeve through the fabric oil holes provided in the spline shaft due to the rotational centrifugal force, and can lubricate the spline mating.

[0101] Specifically, the spline shaft 16 and the spline sleeve 17 are both thin-walled structures, and a spline structure with unevenness is formed on the surface of the circular tube by cold drawing or press forming of the thin-walled circular tube, forming a sliding spline fitting sub. One end of the spline fitting sub is fitted to the shank spline of the universal joint head by the spline shaft and reinforced by welding, and the other end of the spline fitting sub is fitted to the shank spline of the other universal joint ball head by the spline sleeve and reinforced by welding, and the two universal joints are connected by the spline fitting sub. When the distance between the two universal joints changes, the spline shaft of the spline fitting sub slides and expands and contracts in the spline sleeve to adapt to the change in the length of the transmission shaft. As shown in Figure 7, the shank spline of the ball head is fitted to the spline of the corresponding spline shaft and spline sleeve fitting portion, and the figure shows a schematic example of a conventional involute spline.

[0102] The spline fitting of the present invention is integrally molded using a thin-walled structure, eliminating the traditional complex cutting processes, not only improving the processing quality of the parts, but also saving a large amount of processing costs and significantly reducing the weight. Therefore, the spline fitting can realize surface nitriding treatment at a relatively low cost, greatly improving the wear resistance of the parts and improving the product life.

[0103] The spline oil reservoir type lubrication structure design of the present invention distributes the lubricating oil evenly on the inner surface of the spline part of the spline shaft, and ensures that the lubricating oil is more evenly distributed on the sliding surface of the spline mating part through the oil distribution holes installed on the spline shaft under the action of rotational centrifugal force, thereby improving the utilization efficiency and lubricating effect of the lubricating oil, and preventing the dynamic balance of the transmission shaft from being affected by eccentricity due to the accumulation or deviation of the lubricating oil.

[0104] As shown in FIG. 24, a dust cover 11 is also provided, one end of which is fixedly connected to the sealing port T of the ball socket body and the other end of which is connected to the spline sleeve 17.

[0105] One end of the dust cover 11 connected to the spline cover 17 is further provided with an air vent 25 and a filter 18, and the ball head is provided with an exhaust hole 16-1, one end of which is connected to the inner cavity 26 of the dust cover 11 and the other end of which is connected to the splined sub-central chamber 21. The air in the splined sub-central chamber 21 can communicate with the inner cavity 26 of the dust cover 11 through the exhaust hole 16-1 provided in the ball head, and can also communicate with the filter 18 through the air vent 25, realizing respiratory exchange with the outside air through the filter 18 and balancing the pressure change in the splined sub-central chamber 21, which is the respiratory function of the splined sub-central chamber.

[0106] Fig. 22 is a schematic perspective view of a circular arc spline shaft and a spline sleeve, the concave and convex shape of the spline surface is a curved surface consisting of a circular curved surface where the forward and reverse interleaving heads and tails are in contact, and the spline cross-sectional shape is plum blossom-shaped as shown in Figs. 26 to 27. Fig. 23 is a schematic perspective view of a rectangular spline shaft and a spline sleeve, the spline cross-sectional shape is a rectangular spline. Of course, the spline type may be various, such as a trapezoidal spline, an involute spline, a triangular spline, etc., and will not be repeated here.

[0107] In addition, the sliding surface of the splined mating member can be coated with nylon. After applying nylon to the splined shaft and / or splined sleeve, self-lubrication can be realized by nylon instead of the above-mentioned oil reservoir type lubrication method, thereby eliminating the need for a spline oil reservoir, fabric oil hole, and other structural settings. Example 5:

[0108] 25, the difference from Example 4 is that the embodiment 5 further includes an oil storage plunger 28 sealed at one end of the spline oil storage cylinder 22, and an oil storage chamber 23 is formed among the spline oil storage cylinder 22, the oil storage plunger 28, and the spline shaft 16. The spline shaft 16 is provided with several fabric oil holes 16-2, which are connected to the oil storage chamber 23.

[0109] In the present invention, a sealed oil reservoir 23 is formed between the spline oil reservoir tube 22, the oil reservoir plunger 28, and the inner surface of the splined portion of the spline shaft, and several cloth oil holes 16-2 are provided on the outer surface of the splined portion of the spline shaft, and the outer surface of the splined portion of the spline shaft is connected to the oil reservoir 23 through the cloth oil holes 16-2. Lubricating oil is stored in the oil reservoir 23, and the splined shaft 16 and the splined sleeve 17 form a splined fitting auxiliary by spline fitting. When the splined shaft 16 slides inside the splined sleeve 17, the lubricating oil in the oil reservoir 23 can reach the sliding fitting surface of the splined fitting auxiliary through the cloth oil holes 16-2, and lubricate the splined fitting auxiliary.

[0110] Preferably, a bell mouth 22-1 is provided at one end of the spline oil reservoir 22. When the spline oil reservoir 22 is coaxially fitted into the bore of the spline shaft 16, the bell mouth 22-1 is used to close one end of the bore of the spline portion of the spline shaft, and the other end of the spline oil reservoir 22 contacts the oil reservoir plunger 28, which is also used to close the other end of the bore of the spline portion of the spline shaft, forming a sealed oil reservoir chamber 23 between the spline oil reservoir 22, the oil reservoir plunger, and the inner surface of the spline portion of the spline shaft.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 25, a spline dust cover 19 is further provided, one end of which is fixedly connected to the spline shaft 16 and the other end of which is connected to the spline sleeve 17 .

[0112] As shown in Fig. 29, one end of the spline dust cover 19 connected to the spline cover 17 is further provided with an air vent 25 and a filter 18, and the spline shaft 16 is provided with an exhaust hole 16-1 away from one end of the spline sleeve 17, one end of the exhaust hole 16-1 is connected to the inner cavity 20 of the spline dust cover 19, and the other end is connected to the spline fitting sub central chamber 21. The air in the spline fitting sub central chamber 21 is connected to the inner cavity 20 of the spline dust cover 19 through the exhaust hole 16-1 provided in the spline shaft 16, and further to the filter 18 through the air vent 25, realizing respiratory exchange with the outside air through the filter 18 and balancing the pressure change in the spline fitting sub central chamber 21, which is the respiratory function of the spline fitting sub central chamber. Example 6:

[0113] This embodiment 6 is another modification of embodiment 4, as shown in Figures 30-31, the lightweight splined fitting sub includes a splined shaft 16 and a splined sleeve 17, both of which are thin-walled structures, and the splined shaft 16 and the splined sleeve 17 form a slidable splined fitting sub by involute spline fitting, the splined shaft 16 and the splined sleeve 17 are involute splines, and one end of the splined shaft 16 is provided with an internal spline, which is fixedly connected to an external spline (shown in Figure 7) provided on the shank of the ball head at one end of the transmission shaft and reinforced by welding. One end of the splined sleeve 17 is slidably fitted to the external spline of the splined shaft 16 by the internal spline, and the other end of the splined sleeve 17 is fixedly connected to an external spline (shown in Figure 7) provided on the shank of the ball head at the other end of the transmission shaft by the internal spline, which is reinforced by welding. On the other hand, the spline shaft 16, the spline sleeve 17, and the ball head shank portion of the transmission shaft are fixed together with the inner spline and the outer spline and then welded, thereby increasing the connection strength between the spline shaft 16, the spline sleeve 17, and the ball head shank portion of the transmission shaft.

[0114] Preferably, a dust cover 11 is also provided, one end of which is fixedly connected to the sealing port T of the ball socket body and the other end of which is connected to the splined sleeve 17. Alternatively, a splined dust cover 19 is also provided, one end of which is fixedly connected to the splined shaft 16 and the other end of which is connected to the splined sleeve 17. Example 7:

[0115] As shown in Figures 24-25 and 30, the lightweight transmission shaft includes a pair of lightweight universal joints and / or a pair of lightweight spline fitting sub-units, and the lightweight universal joints are any of the lightweight universal joints of Examples 1-3, and / or the lightweight spline fitting sub-units are any of the lightweight spline fitting sub-units of Examples 4-6.

[0116] The lightweight transmission shaft of the present invention has a thin-walled structure in which the ball socket and the spline mating member are integrally formed, thereby realizing no cutting or minimal cutting processing. This not only significantly improves production efficiency and quality stability, but also significantly reduces the part weight and processing costs, reducing the weight by about 40-70%, and saving a large amount of steel. It also meets the development requirements for lightweight automobile parts, greatly improving product performance, improving the fitting precision of parts, and reducing the vibration and noise of the transmission shaft. Example 8:

[0117] The lightweight universal joint in Example 7 can be equivalently replaced with a cross shaft universal joint or a ball cage universal joint of a conventional structure, and will not be repeated here. Example 9:

[0118] The light-weight splined fitting in the seventh embodiment can be equivalently replaced by a splined shaft and a splined sleeve of a conventional structure as shown in FIG. 32, and will not be repeated here. In this embodiment, the splined shaft 16 is integrally molded with the ball head 1, and the exhaust hole 16-1 is formed in the splined shaft 16. Since the splined shaft 16 is integrally molded with the ball head 1, the shank portion of the ball head 1 is a part of the ball head 1 and is also a splined shaft. In this way, the exhaust hole 16-1 provided in the ball head can also be described as the exhaust hole 16-1 provided in the splined shaft 16. Preferably, one end of the splined sleeve 17 remote from the splined shaft 16 is connected to the other ball head 1 by a shaft pipe.

[0119] In the description of the present patent technology, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "mount", "connect", "join" and "fix" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they may be fixed connection, detachable connection, integral connection, mechanical connection, electrical connection, direct connection, intermediate or indirect connection, or connection inside two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present patent technology according to the specific situation.

[0120] Of course, the above contents are merely preferred embodiments of the present patent technology, and are not considered to be used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present patent technology. The present patent technology is not limited to the above examples, and all equivalent changes and improvements made by ordinary technicians in the present technical field within the substantial scope of the present patent technology shall be included in the patent coverage of the present patent technology.

Claims

1. A lightweight universal joint including a ball socket (3), a ball head (1), and a shank (2), a ball socket (3) having a thin-walled structure, the ball socket not being used to transmit a transmission torque, the ball head (1) being rotatably mounted in the ball socket (3), the ball head (1) being provided with a transmission hole, the axial shaft (2) penetrating the transmission hole and passing through a spherical center (R) of the ball head, fixed wings (8) being connected to both ends of the ball socket (3), and the fixed wings (8) being provided with a support hole (8-1) and a transmission key (8-2).

2. 2. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the ball socket (3) is an integrally molded structure having a thin wall and a split thin wall structure.

3. Further comprising a rolling element (7), 3. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 2, wherein the rolling elements (7) are provided on both ends of the straight shaft (2), the transmission hole has rolling element surfaces (1-1) on both ends, the outer surfaces of the rolling elements (7) are fitted into the rolling element surfaces (1-1) of the transmission hole to transmit torque, and the rolling elements (7) are rotatable around the axis of the straight shaft and can roll on the rolling element surfaces (1-1) of the transmission hole.

4. 4. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 3, wherein an outer surface of the rolling element (7) is a conical surface (7-2), the conical surface (7-2) of the rolling element (7) is fitted into the rolling element surface (1-1) of the transmission hole, a contact bus bar (M) between the two is straight, and an extension line of the contact bus bar (M) passes through a spherical center (R) of the ball head (1).

5. Further comprising a stopper mechanism, 5. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 4, wherein the stopper mechanism stops the rolling elements (7) in the axial direction.

6. 6. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 5, further comprising an axial support mechanism for supporting and positioning the axial shaft.

7. 7. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 6, characterized in that the axial support mechanisms are steel balls (4) or wear pads (P).

8. 6. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 5, wherein the ball socket (3) is an overall thin-walled one-piece molded structure, the ball socket (3) is symmetrically provided with two insertion holes (3-1), the fixed wing (8) is provided with an insertion hole (8-3) which is inserted into the insertion hole (3-1), and the straight axis (2) is rotatably supported in a support hole (8-1) of the fixed wing (8).

9. 9. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 8, characterized in that the ball socket (3) is a one-piece injection molded structure.

10. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 5, characterized in that the ball socket (3) has a split structure and includes a ball socket I (31) and a ball socket II (32), the ball socket I (31) and the ball socket II (32) are both integrally molded thin-walled structures, and the ball socket I (31) and the ball socket II (32) are connected to each other and arranged symmetrically.

11. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 10, characterized in that the ball socket I (31) and the ball socket II (32) are provided with an inner spherical surface (Q), a bearing hole (G), and a fixed cylinder (S), the fixed wing (8) is connected to the fixed cylinder (S) through the support hole (8-1), and the straight axis (2) is rotatably supported by the bearing hole (G).

12. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 11, characterized in that the ball socket I (31) and the ball socket II (32) are respectively provided with a sealing fixing surface (12), and the sealing fixing surface (12) is further provided with a sealing groove (14) in which a sealing ring (15) is placed, which is used to realize a sealing connection between the ball socket I (31) and the ball socket II (32).

13. 13. A lightweight universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the ball socket has a wall thickness of 0.2-5 mm.

14. 13. The lightweight universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the lip of the ball socket (K) is smaller than the ball diameter of the ball head.

15. 13. The lightweight universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a positioning spherical surface (2-1) is provided at an intermediate portion of the axial shaft (2), a restraining surface (1-2) is provided at an intermediate portion of the transmission hole of the ball head (1), and the positioning spherical surface (2-1) is restrained and fitted into the restraining surface (1-2) of the transmission hole.

16. A lightweight splined joint comprising a splined shaft (16) and a splined sleeve (17), A lightweight splined fitting auxiliary, characterized in that both the splined shaft (16) and the splined sleeve (17) have a thin-walled structure, and the splined shaft (16) and the splined sleeve (17) form a splined fitting auxiliary that can slide by spline fitting.

17. The lightweight spline fitting as described in claim 16, characterized in that an internal spline is provided on one end of the spline shaft, and the spline shaft is fixedly connected to an external spline provided corresponding to a shank portion of a ball head at one end of the transmission shaft by this internal spline, and an external spline is further provided on the outside of the spline shaft, and the external spline on the spline shaft is slidingly fitted into the internal spline provided at one end of the spline sleeve, and the other end of the spline sleeve is fixedly connected to an external spline provided corresponding to a shank portion of a ball head at the other end of the transmission shaft by the internal spline.

18. The lightweight spline fitting auxiliary as described in claim 16, further comprising a spline oil reservoir (22), the spline oil reservoir (22) being fitted into the inner cavity of the spline shaft (16) to form an oil reservoir (23), the spline shaft (16) being provided with several fabric oil holes (16-2), the fabric oil holes (16-2) communicating with the oil reservoir (23).

19. 19. The lightweight spline fitting according to claim 16, wherein the inner splines and outer splines of the spline shaft and the spline sleeve are involute splines, rectangular splines, or plum-shaped splines.

20. A lightweight transmission shaft including a universal joint and / or a spline fitting, A lightweight transmission shaft, characterized in that the universal joint is a lightweight universal joint described in any one of claims 1 to 15, and / or the spline fitting auxiliary is a lightweight spline fitting auxiliary described in any one of claims 16 to 19.

21. The lightweight transmission shaft according to claim 20, characterized in that the ball socket of the lightweight universal joint is provided with a sealing port (T), a dust cover (11) is connected to the sealing port (T), one end of the dust cover (11) is connected to the sealing port (T) and the other end is connected to the shank portion of the ball head (1) or the spline sleeve of the transmission shaft.

22. 22. The lightweight transmission shaft according to claim 21, characterized in that the ball socket and the dust cover (11) are of a one-piece integral structure.

23. The lightweight transmission shaft according to any one of claims 21 to 22, characterized in that a filter (18) is further provided at one end of the dust cover (11) connected to the spline sleeve (17) or the shank portion of the ball head, an exhaust hole (16-1) is provided in the ball head, the inner cavity (26) of the dust cover (11) communicates with the spline-fitting secondary central chamber (21) through the exhaust hole (16-1), and the outside air is filtered by the filter (18) before entering the inner cavity (26) of the dust cover (11).

Images