Methods and compositions for controlling pests in rice

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for controlling arthropod, particularly insect and / or acarid pests on rice, using pelargonic acid, which demonstrates highly effective insecticidal and acaricidal activity combined with low phytotoxicity.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] How to control pests The present invention relates to pelargonic acid, in particular pelargonic acid compositions having arthropodicidal activity, particularly insecticidal and / or acaricidal activity, and methods of controlling arthropod pests in rice using pelargonic acid that demonstrate highly effective arthropodicidal activity combined with low phytotoxicity. [Background technology]

[0002] Arthropod pests cause significant economic damage in agricultural fields. In response, solutions have been developed to control or eradicate arthropods, including the use of pesticides, plants that express resistance traits, and natural enemies.

[0003] Pelargonic acid has been known for a long time as a non-selective contact herbicide.Surprisingly, it has been found that pelargonic acid, used in selected amounts, is highly effective in controlling pests in rice.Due to the favorable environmental profile of pelargonic acid, and the fact that pelargonic acid provides an alternative mode of action compared to many insecticides and acaricides currently widely used in rice, the present invention is an important new solution for farmers to control or prevent the damage caused by insect and acaricide pests in rice plants.

[0004] WO2017042554 relates to insecticide or acaricide compositions that demonstrate low phytotoxicity even at relatively high concentrations coupled with highly effective insecticidal and acaricidal activity. The compositions comprise a fatty acid / amino acid salt, the fatty acid component comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids having 14-22 carbon atoms and one or more saturated fatty acids having 8-18 carbon atoms.

[0005] EP 0617888 describes a pesticidal composition comprising a mixture of a fatty acid salt and an adjuvant to increase the diffusibility of the fatty acid salt, the adjuvant being either a fatty alcohol of 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a fatty acid methyl or ethyl ester of 4 to 18 carbon atoms.

[0006] US Pat. No. 5,030,658 describes arthropodicidal compositions comprising a mono-alpha carboxylic acid having 8 to 20 carbon atoms or a metal salt thereof together with a sequestering agent, chelating agent or surfactant.

[0007] These publications teach that lower fatty acids, for example those having carbon chain lengths of less than about 12, are known to exhibit phytotoxic properties. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Therefore, pesticidal compositions, particularly insecticides and / or acaricides, that maintain efficacy against pests but demonstrate reduced phytotoxicity, such as leaf burn, would be beneficial. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] The fact that the pelargonic acid compositions of the present invention are well tolerated by plants at the concentrations required to control plant pests allows for the treatment of the above-ground parts of the plant, the propagation stock and the locus of the plant, e.g. the soil.

[0010] According to the invention all plants and plant parts can be treated. By plants is meant all plants and plant populations, such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and plant species.

[0011] By plant parts is meant all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of a plant, such as shoots, leaves, flowers and roots, for example leaves, needles, stems, branches, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, as well as roots, corms and rhizomes. Crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, such as cuttings, corms, rhizomes, stolon and seeds, also belong to plant parts.

[0012] Pelargonic acid, when used according to the invention, is suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, increasing yields and improving the quality of harvested material if well tolerated by the environment and well tolerated by the plants. Pelargonic acid compositions are active against normally sensitive and resistant pest species and against all or some stages of development.

[0013] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the term "arthropod" is suitable for describing the present invention, which relates not only to insects but also to other organisms belonging to the phylum Arthropoda that are agriculturally relevant, such as mites, particularly phytopathogenic mites. However, since "insects" and particularly "insecticides" are terms commonly used in the agricultural field, there may be cases where the terms are used interchangeably. Nevertheless, it is intended that the scope of the present invention be understood to generally encompass agriculturally relevant arthropods.

[0014] The composition according to the invention has a very favorable pest control spectrum and is a useful active ingredient in the field of pest control even at low application rates.The composition according to the invention acts against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive but also resistant animal pests, such as arthropods, especially insects or representatives of the order Acarina.The arthropodicidal activity of the composition according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i.e. in the destruction of pests, which occurs immediately or after a certain time, for example only during molting, or indirectly, for example in the reduction of egg-laying and / or hatching rate, which corresponds to a good destruction rate (mortality rate) of at least 40% or more.

[0015] "Low phytotoxicity" of pelargonic acid as used herein means that there is no toxic effect on the plant or that the toxic effect is at a level such that under a given set of test conditions, e.g., at a given concentration of pelargonic acid, there is no adverse effect on the growth and / or yield of the plant. The phytotoxic effect may be measured in several different ways, for example, according to the principles described in OEPP / EPPO Bulletin (2014) Vol. 44 (No. 3), pp. 265-273, "PP 1 / 135(4) Phytotoxicity assessment". The phytotoxic effect on the plant may be visually assessed as a function of the percentage of discoloration and / or the appearance of necrosis on the leaves. When a pelargonic acid composition is applied to the foliage of rice plants according to the teachings herein, it typically results in a phytotoxicity level of less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, more preferably less than 10% of the leaves being necrotic compared to untreated plants. The preferred use of the present invention typically results in 7% or less phytotoxicity, while the most preferred use typically results in 5% or less phytotoxicity. The above values ​​are approximate as any purely visual assessment may contain a degree of subjectivity.

[0016] The pelargonic acid according to the invention can be used to control, ie suppress or destroy, insect and / or acarid pests which occur especially on rice plants.

[0017] Plants and plant cultivars that are preferably treated according to the present invention include those that are resistant to herbicides or one or more biotic stresses, i.e., the plants show better protection against animal and microbial pests, such as nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids. This includes plants that have been made resistant to the above biotic stresses by breeding, gene editing, e.g. genetic modification by CRISPR, or transformation using recombinant DNA techniques (i.e. transgenic plants), so that they can synthesize one or more selectively acting toxins, such as those known from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.

[0018] The compositions according to the invention can be advantageously used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that have received genetic material that confers advantageous and / or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. It is therefore contemplated that the present invention can be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic events or combinations thereof. For the purposes of this application, a transgenic event is created by inserting a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific location (locus) within a chromosome of the plant genome. The insertion creates a new DNA sequence, called an "event," and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and some amount of genomic DNA immediately adjacent / adjacent to both ends of the inserted DNA. Such traits or transgenic events include, but are not limited to, pest resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide resistance, and the traits are measured with respect to plants lacking such traits or transgenic events. Examples of such advantageous and / or useful properties (traits) are better plant growth, vigor, stress resistance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition and / or yield, in particular improved growth, increased resistance to high or low temperatures, increased resistance to drought or water or soil salinity levels, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, increased yield, improved quality and / or nutritional value of the harvested product, better shelf life and / or processability of the harvested product, and increased resistance to animal and microbial pests such as insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.

[0019] Among such DNA sequences encoding proteins conferring properties of resistance to animal and microbial pests, in particular insects, particular mention is made of genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis encoding the Bt proteins widely described in the literature and well known to those skilled in the art, as well as proteins extracted from bacteria such as Photorhabdus (WO 97 / 17432 and WO 98 / 08932).In particular, Bt Cry or VIP proteins, including CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof, and also hybrids or combinations thereof, in particular CrylF protein or hybrids derived from CrylF protein (e.g. hybrid CrylA-CrylF protein or toxic fragments thereof), CrylA type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from CrylAc protein (e.g. hybrid CrylAb-CrylAc protein), or CrylAb or Bt2 proteins or toxic fragments thereof, Cry2Ae, Cry2Af or Cry2Ag proteins or toxic fragments thereof, CrylA.105 protein or toxic fragments thereof, VIP3Aal9 protein, VIP3Aa20 protein, VIP3A protein produced in COT202 or COT203 cotton events, Estruch et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci Reference is made to the VIP3Aa protein or toxic fragments thereof as described in US A 28;93(11):5389-94, the Cry proteins as described in WO 2001 / 47952, the insecticidal proteins from Xenorhabdus, Serratia (especially from S. entomophila) or Photorhabdus species strains (as described in WO 98 / 50427), such as the Tc protein from Photorhabdus as described in WO 98 / 08932. Also included herein are any variants or mutants of any one of these proteins which differ from any of the above-listed sequences, in particular the sequences of their toxic fragments, by several amino acids (1-10, preferably 1-5), or which are fused to a transport peptide, such as a plastid transport peptide, or to another protein or peptide.

[0020] Particularly highlighted examples of such properties are the conferred resistance to one or more herbicides, such as imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin, either by mutagenesis, such as Clearfield™ imidazolinone-resistant varieties, or by transgenic techniques. Among the DNA sequences encoding proteins that confer the properties of resistance to specific herbicides in transformed plant cells and plants, particular mention is made of the bar or PAT genes or Streptomyces coelicolor genes that confer resistance to glufosinate herbicides described in WO 2009 / 152359, genes encoding suitable EPSPS (5-enoylpyruvinylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) that confer resistance to herbicides with EPSPS as target, in particular herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, genes encoding glyphosate-n-acetyltransferase, or genes encoding glyphosate oxidoreductase. Further suitable herbicide tolerance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g., WO 2007 / 024782), a mutant Arabidopsis ALS / AHAS gene (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,855,533), a gene encoding a 2,4-D-monooxygenase that confers tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and a gene encoding a dicamba monooxygenase that confers tolerance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid).

[0021] More particularly highlighted examples of such properties are, for example, systemic acquired resistance (SAR), increased resistance to bacteria and / or viruses by means of systemics, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and the corresponding expressed proteins and toxins.

[0022] Particularly useful transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars which can be preferably treated according to the invention are the event 17053 (rice as described in WO 2010 / 117737, herbicide resistant, deposited under PTA-9843), the event 17314 (rice as described in WO 2010 / 117735, herbicide resistant, deposited under PTA-9844), the event LLRICE06 (rice as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,468,747 or WO 2000 / 026345, herbicide resistant, deposited under ATCC 203353), the event LLRice62 (rice as described in WO 2000 / 026345, herbicide resistant, deposited under ATCC 203352), event LLRICE601 (rice, herbicide resistance, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-2289060 or WO 2000 / 026356, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600), and event PE-7 (rice, insect control, as described in WO 2008 / 114282, not deposited).

[0023] Particularly useful transgenic plants which can be treated according to the present invention are those plants which contain a transformation event or combination of transformation events which are listed in databases, for example from regulatory agencies of various countries or regions.

[0024] Plants and plant cultivars that can be treated according to the present invention are those that are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses, i.e. already show an increase in plant health in terms of stress tolerance.Abiotic stress conditions can include, for example, drought, exposure to low temperatures, exposure to heat, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, exposure to ozone, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, and shade avoidance.Preferably, the treatment of these plants and cultivars with the composition of the present invention further increases the overall plant health.

[0025] Plants and plant cultivars that can also be treated according to the present invention are those that are characterized by improved yield characteristics, i.e. already show increased plant health in this regard. The increased yield in said plants can be the result of improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as, for example, improved water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield can also be influenced by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including, but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or panicle number, seed number per pod or panicle, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduced antinutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability. Preferably, treatment of these plants and cultivars with the compositions of the present invention further increases overall plant health.

[0026] Examples of such insect pests and acarid pests include: Pests from the phylum Arthropoda, in particular pests from the class Arachnida, for example Acarus spp., for example Acarus siro, Aceria kuko, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., for example Aculus fockeui, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Amphitetranychus viennensis, Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp. spp., such as Brevipalpus phoenicis, Bryobia graminum, Bryobia praetiosa, Centruroides spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermacentor spp., Eotetranychus spp., such as Eotetranychus hicoriae, Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., e.g. Eutetranychus banksi, Eriophyes spp.), e.g. Eriophyes pyri, Glycyphagus domesticus, Halotydeus destructor, Hemitarsonemus spp., e.g. Hemitarsonemus latus (= Polyphagotarsonemus latus), Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus spp., Loxosceles spp., Neutrombicula autumnalis, Nuphersa spp., Oligonychus spp. spp., such as Oligonychus coffeae, Oligonychus coniferarum, Oligonychus ilicis, Oligonychus indicus, Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus pratensis, Oligonychus punicae, Oligonychus yothersi, Omithodorus spp., Omithonyssus spp., Panonychus spp.), such as Panonychus citri (=Metatetranychus citri), Panonychus ulmi (=Metatetranychus ulmi), Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Platytetranychus multidigituli, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus maurus, Steneotarsonemus spp., Steneotarsonemus spinki, Tarsonemus spp. such as Tarsonemus confusus, Tarsonemus pallidus, Tetranychus spp. such as Tetranychus canadensis, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus urticae, Trombicula alfresgesii alfreddugesi, Vaejovis spp., Vasates lycopersici;. from the class Chilopoda, e.g. Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.; From the order Collembola or class Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus; Sminthurus viridis; From the class Diplopoda, for example Blaniulus guttulatus; From the class of Insecta, for example from the order Blattodea, for example Blatta orientalis, Blattella asahinai, Blattella germanica, Leucophaea maderae, Loboptera decipiens, Neostylopyga rhombifolia, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta spp., for example Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, australasiae, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, Supella longipalpa; From the order Coleoptera, for example Acalymma vittatum, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Aethina tumida, Agelastica alni, Agrilus spp., for example Agrilus planipennis, Agrilus coxalis, Agrilus bilineatus, Agrilus anxius, Agriotes spp., for example Agriotes linnaeus. linneatus, Agriotes mancus, Alphitobius diaperinus, Altica chalybea, Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., for example Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus spp., for example Anthonomus grandis or Anthonomus rubi, Anthrenus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp.), Atomaria spp., e.g. Atomaria linearis, Attagenus spp., Baris caerulescens, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp.), e.g., Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus rufimanus, Cassida spp., Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorhynchus spp., e.g., Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll., Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis, Ceutorhynchus quadridens, quadridens, Ceutorhynchus rapae, Chaetocnema spp., e.g. Chaetocnema confmis, Chaetocnema denticulata, Chaetocnema ectypa, Chaetocnema pulicaria, Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., e.g. Cosmopolites sordidus, Costelytra zealandica, Crioeris spp., e.g. Crioceris asparagi, Crioceris duodecimpunctata, Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp.), for example, Curculio caryae, Curculio caryatrypes, Curculio obtusus, Curculio sayi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Cryptorhynchus mangiferae, Cylindrocopturus spp., Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Cylindrocopturus fusii, fumissi, Dendroctonus spp., e.g. Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., e.g. Diabrotica balteata, Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Diabrotica virgifera zeae, Dichocrocis spp., Dicladistpa armigera, Diloboderus spp.), Disonycha xanthomelas, family Elateridae, genus Epicaerus, genus Epicauta, genus Epilachna, for example Epilachna borealis, Epilachna varivestis, genus Epitrix, for example Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix fuscula, Epitrix hirtipennis, Epitrix subcrinita, Epitrix tuberis, tuberis, Faustinus spp., Gibbium psylloides, Gnathocerus comutus, Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator, Heteronyx spp., Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypomeces squamosus, Hypothenemus spp., e.g. Hypothenemus hampeii, hampei, Hypothenemus obscurus, Hypothenemus pubescens, Lachnostema consanguinea, Lasioderma serricome, Latheticus oryzae, Lathridius spp., Lema spp.), Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata, Leucoptera spp., e.g. Leucoptera coffeella, Limonius ectypus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Listronotus (=Hyperodes) spp., e.g. Listronotus oregonensis, Lixus spp., Luperodes spp., Luperomorpha xanthodera, Lyctus spp., Megacyllene spp., for example Megacyllene robiniae, Megascelis spp., Melanotus spp., for example Melanotus communis, Melanotus longulus oregonensis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha spp., for example Melolontha melolontha, Metriona bicolor, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Necrobia spp. spp., Neogalerucella spp., Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oryzaphagus oryzae, Otiorhynchus spp.), for example, Otiorhynchus cribricollis, Otiorhynchus ligustici, Otiorhynchus ovatus, Otiorhynchus rugosostriarus, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, Oulema spp., for example, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon. cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Phyllophaga helleri, Phyllotreta spp., e.g. Phyllotreta armoraciae, Phyllotreta cruciferae, Phyllotreta pusilla, Phyllotreta ramosa, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Prostephanus truncatus, Psylliodes spp., e.g. Psylliodes affinis, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Psylliodes punctulata, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis. , Rhizopertha dominica, Rhynchophorus spp., Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Rhynchophorus palmarum, family Scarabaeidae, Scolytus spp., e.g. Scolytus multistriatus, Sinoxylon perforans, Sitophilus spp., e.g. Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus linearis, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais zeamais, Sphenophorus spp., for example Sphenophorous maidis, Stegobium paniceum, Stemechus spp., for example Stemechus paludatus, Symphyletes spp., Systena spp., Systena blanda, Tanymecus spp., for example Tanymecus dilaticollis, Tanymecus indicus, Tanymecus palliatus, Tenebrio molitor, molitor, Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium spp.), for example, Tribolium audax, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp., for example, Zabrus tenebrioides;. From the order Dermaptera, e.g. Anisolabis maritime, Forficula auricularia, Labidura riparia; From the order Diptera, for example Aedes spp., for example Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes sticticus, Aedes vexans, Agromyza spp., for example Agromyza frontella, Agromyza oryzae, Agromyza parvicomis, Anastrepha spp., for example Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha ludens, ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Anopheles spp., e.g. Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles gambiae, Asphondylia spp., Bactrocera spp., e.g. Bactrocera correcta, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera oleae, Bactrocera tyroni, Bactrocera zonata, zonata, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chironomus spp., Chlorops oryzae, Chrysomya spp., Chrysops spp.), Chrysozona pluvialis, Cochliomya spp., Contarinia spp., e.g. Contarinia johnsoni, Contarinia nasturtii, Contarinia pyrivora, Contarinia schulzi, Contarinia sorghicola, Contarinia tritici, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cricotopus sylvestris, Culex spp., e.g. Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culicoides spp., Culiseta spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dasineura spp., e.g. Dasineura brassicae, Delia spp., e.g. Delia antiqua, Delia coarctata, Delia florilega, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp. spp., for example, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila suzukii, Echinocnemus spp., Euleia heraclei, Fannia spp., Gasterophilus spp.), Glossina spp., Haematopota spp., Hydrellia spp., Hydrellia griseola, Hylemya spp., Hippobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., e.g. Liriomyza brassicae, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, Lucilia spp., e.g. Lucilia cuprina, Lutzomyia spp.), Mansonia spp., Musca spp., for example Musca domestica, Musca domestica vicina, Oestrus spp., Ophiomyia simplex, Oscinella frit, Paratanytarsus spp., Paralauterbomiella subcincta, Pegomyia spp. or Pegomyia spp., for example Pegomyia betae, Pegomyia hyoshiamii, hyoscyami, Pegomya rubivora, Phlebotomus spp., Phorbia spp., Phormia spp., Phytomyza gymnostoma, Piophila casei, Platyparea poeciloptera, Prodiplosis spp.), Psila rosae, Rhagoletis spp., e.g. Rhagoletis cingulata, Rhagoletis completa, Rhagoletis fausta, Rhagoletis indifferens, Rhagoletis mendax, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sarcophaga spp., Simulium spp., e.g. Simulium meridionale, Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp. spp.), Tetanops spp., Tipula spp., such as Tipula paludosa, Tipula simplex, Toxotrypana curvicauda, ​​Tritoxa flexa and Zonosemata electa.

[0027] From the order of the Hemiptera, for example Acizia spp., for example Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae, Acizzia dodonaeae, Acizzia uncatoides, Acrida turrita, Acyrthosiphon spp., for example Acyrthosiphon pisum, Acrogonia spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurocanthus spp., Aleyrodes proletariat, proletella, Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Allocaridara malayensis, Amrasca spp. such as Amrasca bigutulla, Amrasca devastans, Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp. such as Aonidiella aurantii, Aonidiella citrina, Aonidiella inomata, Aphanostigma pili, piri), Aphis spp.), such as Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis hederae, Aphis illinoisensis, Aphis middletoni, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Aphis pomi, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis bibumiphila, Aphis vibumiphila, Arboridia apicalis, Arytainilla spp., Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., e.g. Aspidiotus nerii, Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., e.g. Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Blastopsylla occidentalis, Boreioglycaspis melaleucae melaleucae, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp. such as Cacopsylla pyri, Cacopsylla pyricola, Calligypona marginata, Capulinia spp.), Cameocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chondracris rosea, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus aonidum, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbira mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., e.g. Coccus hesperidum, Coccus longulus, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, Coccus viridis, Cryptomyzus ribis, Cryptoneossa spp., Ctenarytaina spp., Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes chittendeni chittendeni, Dialeurodes citri, Diaphorina citri, Diaspis spp., Diuraphis spp., Doralis spp., Draeculacephala spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp.), for example, Dysaphis apiifolia, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis tulipae, Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., for example, Empoasca abrupta, Empoasca fabae, Empoasca maligna, Empoasca solana, Empoasca stevensi, Eriosoma spp., for example, Eriosoma americanum, americanum, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eriosoma pyricola, Erthesina fullo, Erythroneura spp. such as Erythroneura vitis, Eucalyptolyma spp., Euphyllura spp. such as Euphyllura olivina, Euscelis bilobatus, Ferrisia spp., Fiorinia spp., Furcaspis oceanica, Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspis spp.), Graphocephala versuta, Heteropsylla cubana, Heteropsylla spinulosa, Homalodisca vitripennis, Hyalopterus arundinis, Hyalopterus pruni, Icerya spp., e.g. Icerya purchasi, Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp. spp., such as Lecanium comi (=Parthenolecanium comi), Lepidosaphes spp., such as Lepidosaphes ulmi, Lipaphis erysimi, Lopholeucaspis japonica, Lycorma delicatula, Macrosiphum spp., such as Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum lilii, Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles fascifrons, facifrons, Mahanarva spp., Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp.), Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp. such as Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus ligustri, Myzus ornatus, Myzus persicae, Myzus nicotianae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Neomaskellia spp., Nephotettix spp., for example Nephotettix cincticeps, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nephotettix virescens, Nettigoniclla spectra, Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., for example Oncometopia orbona, Orthezia praelonga, Oxya chine. nsis, Pachypsylla spp., Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., for example Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp., for example Parlatoria oleae, Pemphigus spp., for example Pemphigus bursarius, Pemphigus populivenae, Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Phenacoccus spp., for example Phenacoccus madeirensis. madeirensis, Philaenus spumarius, Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp. such as Phylloxera devastatrix, Phylloxera notabilis, Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp. such as Planococcus citri, Prosopidopsylla flava, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp.), for example Pseudococcus calceolariae, Pseudococcus comstocki, Pseudococcus longispinus, Pseudococcus maritimus, Pseudococcus vibumi, Psyllopsis spp., Psylla spp., for example Psylla buxi, Psylla mali, Psylla pyri, Pteromalus spp., Pulvinaria spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., for example, Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis, Quadraspidiotus pemiciosus, Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., for example, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, Rhopalosiphum padi padi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale, Saissetia spp.), such as Saissetia coffeae, Saissetia miranda, Saissetia neglecta, Saissetia oleae, Scaphoideus titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sipha flava, Sitobion avenae, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festinae, festina, Siphoninus phillyreae, Tenalapha malayensis, Tetragonocephala spp., Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomasis spp., Toxoptera spp., for example Toxoptera aurantii, Toxoptera citricidus, Trialeurodes spp., for example Trialeurodes abutiloneus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp. spp.), e.g. Trioza diospyri, Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii, Zygina spp.;. From the suborder Heteroptera, for example Aelia spp., Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Boisea spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Chinavia hilaris, Cimex spp., for example Cimex adjunctus, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex rectularius, lectularius, Cimex pilosellus, Collaria spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops spp., e.g. Dichelops furcatus, Dichelops melacantus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., e.g. Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus, Euschistus tristigmus tristigmus, Euschistus variolarius, Eurydema spp., Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp.), Leptocorisa varicomis, Leptoglossus occidentalis, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygocoris spp., e.g. Lygocoris pabulinus, Lygus spp., e.g. Lygus elisus, Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris, Macropes excavatus, Megacopta cribraria, Miridae, Monalonion atratum atratum, Nezara spp., e.g. Nezara viridula, Nysius spp., Oebalus spp., e.g. Oebalus pugnax, family Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., e.g. Piezodorus guildinii, Psallus spp., Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.;. From the order Homoptera, for example, Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., the family Aleyrodidae, Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Atanus spp. spp., Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brachycorynella asparagi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolu, Chionaspis tegalensis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp.), Cryptomyzus ribis, Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Hyalopterus arundinis, Leery arundinis, spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirodum dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Pemphigus spp.), Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., e.g. Planococcus citri, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatodes spp., Spisstilus festinus, Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomasis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii;. From the order of Hymenoptera, for example Acromyrmex spp., Athalia spp., for example Athalia rosae, Atta spp., Camponotus spp., Dolichovespula spp., Diprion spp., for example Diprion similis, Hoplocampa spp., for example Hoplocampa cookei, Hoplocampa testudinea, Lasius spp. spp., Linepithema (Iridiomyrmex) humile, Monomorium pharaonis, Paratrechina spp., Paravespula spp., Plagiolepis spp., Sirex spp., for example Sirex noctilio, Solenopsis invicta, Tapinoma spp., Technomyrmex albipes, Urocerus spp., Vespa spp., for example Vespa clavulo crabro, Wasmannia auropunctata, Xeris spp.; from the order Isopoda, for example Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber; from the order Isoptera, for example Coptotermes spp.), for example, Coptotermes formosanus, Comitermes cumulans, Cryptotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Microtermes obesi, Nasutitermes spp., Odontotermes spp., Porotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., for example, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hesperus;. From the order of the butterflies (Lepidoptera), for example Achroia grisella, Acronicta major, Adoxophyes spp., for example Adoxophyes orana, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., for example Agrotis c-nigrum, Agrotis ipsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama spp., for example Alabama argillacea, Amyelois transitella, Anarsia spp. spp., Anticarsia spp., e.g. Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyroploce spp., Autographa spp., Barathra brassicae, Blastodacna atra, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Busseola spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia theivora, Capua reticulana, reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Carposina niponensis, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp.), such as Chilo plejadellus, Chilo suppressalis, Choreutis pariana, Choristoneura spp., Chrysodeixis chalcites, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cnephasia spp., Colias eurytheme, Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus spp., Copitarsia spp. Cydia spp., e.g. Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, Dalaca noctuides, Diaphania spp., Diparopsis spp., Diatraea saccharalis, Dioryctria spp., e.g. Dioryctria zimmermani, Earias spp., Ecdytolopha aurantium, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana saccharina saccharina, Ephestia spp., e.g. Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, Epinotia spp., Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis spp.), Erschoviella musculana, Etiella spp., Eudocima spp., Eulia spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., e.g. Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Euzophera semifuneralis, Evergestos rimosalis, Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Gracilaria spp. spp., Grapholitha spp., for example Grapholita molesta, Grapholita prunivora, Hedylepta spp., Helicoverpa spp., for example Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis spp., for example Heliothis virescens, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homoeosoma spp., Homona spp., Hyponomeuta padera padella, Kakivoria flavofasciata, Lampides spp., Laphygma spp., Laspeyresia molesta, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera spp.), for example, Leucoptera coffeella, Lithocolletis spp., for example, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Lobesia spp., for example, Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., for example, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia spp., for example, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae brassicae, Manduca spp., e.g. Manduca sexta, Manduca quinquemaculata, Maruca testulalis, Melanitis leda, Melittia cucurbitae, Mocis spp., Monopis obviella, Mythimna separata, Nemapogon cloacellus, family Noctuidae, Nymphula spp., Oiketicus spp., Omphisa spp.), Operophtera spp., Oria spp., Orthaga spp., Ostrinia spp., e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pamara spp.), Paralobesia viteana, Pectinophora spp., for example Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Perileucoptera spp., Phthorimaea spp., for example Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp., for example Phyllonorycter blancardella, Phyllonorycter crataegera, crataegella, Pieris spp., e.g. Pieris rapae, Plathypena scabra, Platynota stultana, Plodia interpunctella, Plusia spp., Plutella xylostella (= Plutella maculipennis), Podesia spp., e.g. Podesia syringae, Prays spp., Prodenia spp., Protoparce spp., Pseudaletia spp., for example, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Pseudoplusia includens, Ptorimaea operculella, Pyrausta nubilalis, Rachiplusia nu, Schoenobius spp.), for example, Schoenobius bipunctifer, Scirpophaga spp., for example, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, Scotia segetum, Sesamia spp., for example, Sesamia inferens, Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., for example, Spodoptera eradiana, Spodoptera exigua. exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera praefica, Stathmopoda spp., Stenoma spp., Stomopteryx subsecivella, Striacosta albicosta, Synanthedon spp., Tecia solanivora, Thaumetopoea spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisseriella, bisselliella, Tortrix spp., e.g. Tortrix velutinana, Trichophaga tapetzella, Trichoplusia spp., e.g. Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza incertulas, Tuta absoluta, Viracola spp.; From the order Orthoptera or Saltatoria, for example Acheta domesticus, Dichroplus spp., Gryllotalpa spp., for example Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Hieroglyphus spp., Locusta spp., for example Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus spp., for example Melanoplus devastator, Melanoplus differentialis, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Paratlanticus usuriensis, ussuriensis), Schistocerca gregaria; From the order Phthiraptera, for example Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phylloxera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis, Trichodectes spp.; From the order Psocoptera, for example, Lepinotus spp., Liposcelis spp.; From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp., for example, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis; From the order Thysanoptera, for example Anaphothrips obscurus, Baliothrips biformis, Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni, Drepanothrips reuteri, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., for example Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella tritici, tritici, Frankliniella vaccinii, Frankliniella williamsi, Haplothrips spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamomi, Thrips spp., e.g. Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci; From the order Zygentoma (=Thysanura), e.g., Ctenolepisma spp., Fepisma saccharina, Fepismodes inquilinus, Thermobia domestica; From the class of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella spp., for example, Scutigerella immaculata; Pests from the phylum Mollusca, for example from the class Bivalvia, for example Dreissena spp., and also from the class Gastropoda, for example Arion spp., for example Arion ater ruftis, Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., for example Deroceras laeve, Galba spp., Fymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea spp., Succinea spp.; Plant pests (i.e. plant parasitic nematodes) of the phylum Nematoda, in particular Aglenchus spp., for example Aglenchus agricola, Anguina spp., for example Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides spp., for example Aphelenchoides arachidis, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Belonolaimus spp., for example Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortonii, nortoni, Bursaphelenchus spp., for example Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Cacopaurus spp., for example Cacopaurus pestis, Criconemella spp., for example Criconemella curvata, Criconemella onoensis, Criconemella omata, Criconemella lucium rusium), Criconemella xenoplax (=Mesocriconema xenoplax), Criconemoides spp.), for example, Criconemoides femiae, Criconemoides onoense, Criconemoides omatum, Ditylenchus spp., for example, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Dolichodorus spp., Globodera spp., for example, Globodera pallida, Globodera rostochiensis, Helicotylenchus spp., for example, Helicotylenchus dihystera, dihystera, Hemicriconemoides spp., Hemicycliophora spp., Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Hirschmaniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Longidorus spp., for example Longidorus africanus, Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne kitwooji chitwoodi, Meloidogyne fallax, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloinema spp., Nacobbus spp., Neotylenchus spp., Paralongidorus spp., Paraphelenchus spp.), Paratrichodorus spp., for example Paratrichodorus minor, Paratylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., for example Pratylenchus penetrans, Pseudohalenchus spp., Psilenchus spp., Punctodera spp., Quinisulcius spp., Radopholus spp., for example Radopholus citrophilus, Radopholus similis similis, Rotylenchulus spp., Rotylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., Subanguina spp., Trichodorus spp., for example Trichodorus obtusus, Trichodorus primitivus, Tylenchorhynchus spp., for example Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, Tylenchulus spp., for example Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp. spp.), e.g. Xiphinema index.

[0028] Preferably, the composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of Diabrotica speciosa, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Oulema oryzae, Agromyza oryzae, Chlorops oryzae, Erthesina fullo, Nephotettix virescens, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Oebalus pugnax, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Scirpophaga inselturus. incertulas).

[0029] The compositions of the present invention comprise pelargonic acid, a liquid or solid carrier, and optionally one or more conventional formulation auxiliaries, which may be liquid or solid, such as surfactants, antifoaming agents, such as silicone oils, preservatives, clays, inorganic compounds, viscosity modifiers, binders and / or tackifiers. The compositions may also further comprise fertilizers, micronutrient donors, or other preparations that affect plant growth.

[0030] Preferably, the pelargonic acid composition is foliarly applied to rice plants. Examples of foliar formulation types for the premix composition are: GR: granule; WP: wettable powder; WG: water-dispersible granule (powder); SG: water-soluble granule; SL: soluble concentrate; EC: emulsifiable concentrate; EW: emulsion, oil-in-water; ME: microemulsion; SC: aqueous suspension concentrate; CS: aqueous capsule suspension; OD: oil suspension concentrate, and SE: aqueous suspoemulsion. The type of pelargonic acid composition is selected to suit the intended purpose and the prevailing situation.

[0031] The formulation ingredients suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known per se.

[0032] Liquid carriers include water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abiet, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, α,α-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkyl pyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, 2-Heptanone, Alpha-Pinene, d-Limonene, Ethyl Lactate, Ethylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether, Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether, Gamma-Butyrolactone, Glycerol, Glycerol Acetate, Glycerol Diacetate, Glycerol Triacetate, Hexadecane, Hexylene Glycol, Isoamyl Acetate, Isobornyl Acetate, Isooctane, Isophorone, Isopropyl Benzene, Isopropyl Myristate, Lactic Acid, Laurylamine, Mesityl Oxide, Methoxy-Propanol, Methyl Isoamyl Ketone, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, Methyl Laurate, Methyl Octanoate, Methyl Oleate, Methylene Chloride, M-Xylene, N-Hexane, N-Octylamine, Octadecanoic Acid, Octylamine Acetate, Oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylene sulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and high molecular weight alcohols such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc. may be used.

[0033] Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, diatomaceous earth, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar materials.

[0034] Many surfactants may be advantageously used in both liquid and solid formulations, particularly those that may be diluted with a carrier before use. The surfactants may be anionic, cationic, nonionic or polymeric and may be used as emulsifying agents, wetting agents or suspending agents, or for other purposes. Typical surfactants are, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; alkylaryl sulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol / alkylene oxide adducts, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol / alkylene oxide adducts, such as tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; siloxanes, silicones, silanes, silicates and siliconates; soaps, such as sodium stearate; alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalene sulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinates, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono- and di-alkyl phosphate esters; stearic acid esters and, for example, McCutcheon's Detergents and Includes additional substances listed in Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood New Jersey (1981).

[0035] The composition according to the invention may contain additives including oils of vegetable or animal origin, mineral oils, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. When present in the composition according to the invention, the amount of oil additive is generally 0.01-10%, based on the mixture to be applied. For example, the oil additive may be added to the spray tank at the desired concentration after the spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives include mineral oils or oils of vegetable origin, such as rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oils, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, such as methyl derivatives, or oils of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. Preferred oil additives include C8-C 22 Alkyl esters of fatty acids, especially C 12 ~C 18 Methyl derivatives of fatty acids include, for example, the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively). Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.

[0036] The nature of the formulation as well as the method of application, such as foliar, irrigation, spraying, misting, dusting, scattering, coating or pouring off, are selected according to the intended purpose and the prevailing circumstances.

[0037] Commercially available products are preferably formulated as concentrates (e.g., premix or ready-mix compositions), although end users typically employ dilute formulations (e.g., spray mix, spray tank or tank mix (when combined with other pesticides or formulation aids) compositions).

[0038] Generally, the premix composition comprises 0.1 to 99%, in particular 15 to 90%, of pelargonic acid, 0 to 99.9% of at least one liquid or solid carrier, and 0 to 35%, in particular 0.1 to 20%, of a formulation auxiliary, such as a surfactant (% in each case means the weight percentage in the premix composition).

[0039] Generally, spray mix or spray tank formulations for foliar or soil application contain 0.05 to 20%, in particular 0.1 to 15%, of pelargonic acid, 99.95 to 80%, in particular 99.9 to 85%, of a liquid carrier and 0 to 20%, in particular 0.1 to 15%, of a formulation auxiliary, such as a surfactant (% in each case meaning the percentage by weight in the tank-mix composition).

[0040] Application rates (grams / hectare or g / ha of pelargonic acid) vary and depend on the application method, crop plant, pests to be controlled, prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the application method, time of application and target crop. For foliar application, sprayable mixtures of pelargonic acid compositions are prepared at concentrations that, when applied at a given spray rate, deliver pelargonic acid to the plant in an amount of 300-6,500 g / ha, preferably 450-4,500 g / ha.

[0041] For example, preferably, the pelargonic acid composition is applied in a dilution containing less than about 6,500 g / ha, preferably less than about 4,500 g / ha, and most preferably about 1,300 g / ha of pelargonic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the proposed composition is provided in a dilution containing about 300 to about 6,500 g / ha, preferably about 400 to about 4,500 g / ha, and most preferably about 500 to about 1,300 g / ha of pelargonic acid. At higher concentrations, phytotoxicity, such as leaf burn, becomes more prevalent, for example at pelargonic acid above about 10,000 g / ha. At lower concentrations, such as less than about 300 g / ha of pelargonic acid, arthropodicidal, such as insecticidal and acaricidal, efficacy is reduced when used alone.

[0042] The composition has been demonstrated to have low phytotoxicity, e.g., zero or tolerable leaf burn, at amounts of pelargonic acid of, e.g., up to 1,300 g / ha or even 4,500 g / ha, depending on the crop and its development stage.

[0043] Methods of using the compositions to control arthropod, preferably insect and / or acarid pests on rice are also part of the present invention. For example, the compositions are preferably used in dilutions, such as the preferred dilutions described above, to provide effective insecticidal / acaricidal properties combined with low phytotoxicity.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, these methods include the use of Diabrotica speciosa, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Oulema oryzae, Agromyza oryzae, Chlorops oryzae, Erthesina fullo, Nephotettix virescens, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Oebalus pugnax, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Scirpophaga inselturus. incertulas), and the like.

[0045] Embodiment A relates to a method for controlling arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarid pests, on rice plants, comprising applying a pesticidal amount of pelargonic acid to the pests, the locus of the pests or to plants susceptible to pest attack.

[0046] Embodiment B relates to a method for controlling and / or preventing damage caused by infestation of arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarid pests, on rice plants, comprising applying to the plants a pesticidally effective amount of pelargonic acid.

[0047] Embodiment C relates to the use of pelargonic acid on rice plants for controlling and / or preventing damage caused by infestations of arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarid pests.

[0048] Embodiment D relates to the use of pelargonic acid in the manufacture of an arthropodicide for controlling and / or preventing damage caused by infestation of arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarid pests, on rice plants.

[0049] Embodiment E relates to an arthropodicidal composition for the control of arthropod pests on rice plants, comprising pelargonic acid.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of A-E, the arthropod pest is selected from the group consisting of Diabrotica speciosa, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Oulema oryzae, Agromyza oryzae, Chlorops oryzae, Erthesina fullo, Nephotettix virescens, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Oebalus pugnax, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis The present invention relates to a method for treating bacterial infections comprising the step of treating bacterial infections comprising administering to said patient at least one member selected from the group consisting of Scirpophaga medinalis and Scirpophaga incertulas.

[0051] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for cultivating rice plants comprising applying or treating the rice plants with a pelargonic acid composition.

[0052] The activity of the composition according to the invention can be considerably broadened and adapted to the general situation by adding additional pesticidal actives to the pelargonic acid composition. The composition comprising the combination of (A) pelargonic acid and (B) at least one additional pesticidal active (i.e. other than pelargonic acid) can also have further surprising advantages, which can also be described in a broader sense as an effect that exceeds additive ("synergistic"). Thus, for example, by using or employing the composition in the treatment described herein, it is possible to reduce the application rate and / or broaden the activity spectrum and / or increase the activity, improve plant growth, increase resistance to high or low temperatures, increase resistance to drought or water or soil salt content, increase flowering performance, facilitate harvesting, accelerate maturation, higher yield, larger fruit, larger plant height, greener leaf color, earlier flowering, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested product, higher sugar concentration in fruit, better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested product, which actually exceed the expected effects.

[0053] One embodiment relates to a composition comprising (A) pelargonic acid and (B) at least one additional pesticidal active agent, and the use of compositions (A) and (B) in the methods and uses described herein.

[0054] One embodiment relates to a combination comprising (A) pelargonic acid and (B) at least one additional pesticidal active agent, and the use of the combination of (A) and (B) in the methods and uses described herein.

[0055] One embodiment relates to a method for reducing the overall damage of rice plants and rice plant parts caused by arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarid pests, comprising the step of applying to the plant (A) pelargonic acid alone or (B) in combination with at least one additional pesticidal active agent, as defined herein.

[0056] One embodiment relates to a method of increasing crop yield and / or food quality from a rice plant, comprising the step of applying to the plant (A) pelargonic acid, alone or in combination with (B) at least one additional pesticidal active agent, as defined herein.

[0057] As used herein, the term "combination" refers to various combinations of (A) pelargonic acid and (B) at least one pesticidal active agent, such as a single "ready mix" or "premix" form, a combination spray mixture consisting of separate preparations of a single active compound, such as a "tank mix", and the combined use of a single active ingredient when applied consecutively, i.e., within a reasonably short period of time, such as, for example, a few hours or days, for example, from 2 hours to 7 days. Preferably, the order of application of pelargonic acid and at least one pesticidal active agent is not essential to the practice of the invention. Thus, the term "combination" also encompasses the presence of a pelargonic acid composition and at least one pesticidal active agent on the treated plant.

[0058] The ratio of (A) pelargonic acid and (B) any additional pesticidal active agent is selected so that when applied to rice plants, pelargonic acid and the pesticidal active agent are delivered in the desired amount of each required for pest control, for example as taught on the product label or as can be determined by a person skilled in the art. The application rates of the additional pesticidal active agents can vary widely from each other, so the typical ratio of pelargonic acid to the additional active agent can also vary widely. The composition containing a mixture of pelargonic acid and the above-mentioned additional pesticidal active agent contains pelargonic acid and the above-mentioned active agent in a mixing ratio of preferably 1000:1 to 1:1, preferably in a weight ratio of 700:1 to 10:1, more preferably in a weight ratio of 500:1 to 30:1, and most preferably in a weight ratio of 100:1 to 1:100.

[0059] Suitable additional pesticidal active agents here are, for example, representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, (2) GABAergic chloride channel blockers, (3) sodium channel modulators, (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, (6) glutamatergic chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, (7) juvenile hormone mimetics, (8) Various non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, (9) Chordotonal organ TRPV channel regulators (10) mite growth inhibitors, (11) Microbial disrupters of the insect gut membrane, (12) inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, (13) Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (15) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, type 0 (16) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, type 1 (17) Moulting disrupters (18) Ecdysone receptor agonists (19) Octopamine receptor agonists (20) Mitochondrial electron transport complex III inhibitors (21) Mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitors (22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers (23) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (24) Mitochondrial electron transport complex IV inhibitors (25) Mitochondrial electron transport complex II inhibitors (26) Ryanodine receptor modulators (27) Chordotonal modulators and (28) Further pesticidal active compounds.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, said pesticidal active agent is selected from the group consisting of: (1) Preferably, alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, etanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb ( xylylcarb, or preferably acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos- Methyl (chlorpyrifos-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos,Famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyaphos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate), isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pyrimidin an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor which is an organophosphate selected from pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, and vamidothion; (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, which are cyclodiene-organochlorines, preferably selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), preferably selected from ethiprole, fipronil, and pyriprole; (3) Preferably, acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl s-cyclopentenyl isomers, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin in) [(EZ)-(lR) isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(lR)-trans isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen,a sodium channel modulator which is a pyrethroid selected from tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer)], tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT, and methoxychlor; (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, preferably selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, or neonicotinoids selected from nicotine, or sulfoximines, preferably sulfoxaflor, or butenolides, preferably selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics, preferably selected from triflumezopyrim; (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, preferably spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad; (6) glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, preferably avermectins / milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin; (7) Juvenile hormone mimetics, preferably juvenile hormone analogs selected from hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen; (8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrin or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam; (9) a chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazon; (10) A mite growth inhibitor selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin and etoxazole; (11) Microbial disruptors of insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, and pesticidal proteins derived from, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis; (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, which are ATP disruptors preferably selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon; (13) an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid; (14) A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blocker selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam, and thiosultap sodium; (15) inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron, type 0; (16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis selected from buprofezin, type 1; (17) Molting disruptors such as cyromazine (especially for Diptera, i.e., Diptera); (18) an ecdysone receptor agonist selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide; (19) An octopamine receptor agonist selected from amitraz; (20) mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitors selected from hydramethylnon, acequinocyl and fluacrypyrim; (21) Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitors, preferably METI acaricides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris); (22) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from indoxacarb and metaflumizone; (23) Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat; (24) mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV inhibitors, which are preferably phosphines selected from aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide; (25) Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II inhibitors, which are preferably beta-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, and carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide; (26) Ryanodine receptor modulators, preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, and flubendiamide; (27) Chordotonal organ modulators selected from flonicamids (having undefined target sites); (28) A further active compound selected from the following: acinonapyr, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, benclothiaz, benzoximate, benzopyrimoxan, bifenazate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chinomethionate, chloroprallethrin. llethrin, cryolite, cyclaniliprole, cycloxaprid, cyhalodiamide, cyproflanilide, dichloromezotiaz, dicofol, dimpropyridaz, epsilon-metofluthrin, epsilon-momfluthrin momfluthrin, flometoquin, fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, flufenerim, flufenoxystrobin, flufiprole, fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupentiofenox, flupyrimin, Fluralaner, fluxametamide, fufenozide, guadipyr, heptafluthrin, imidaclothiz, iprodione, isocycloseram, kappa-bifenthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, lotilaner,Meperfluthrin, oxazosulfyl, paichongding, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin, spirobudiclofen, spiropidion, sulfur, tetramethylfluthrin, tetraniliprole ), tetrachlorantraniliprole, tigolaner, tioxazafen, thiofluoximate, iodomethane; 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-l,2,4-triazol-5-amine, {1'-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[i 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide, 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, ]dec-3-en-4-ylethyl carbonate, 4-(but-2-yn-l-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine, PF1364 (known from JP 2010 / 018586 A), (3E)-3-[l-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-one, N-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-l-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide,5-Bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-l-oxide-3-thietanyl)-benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(trans-1-oxide -3-thietanyl)-benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxide-3-thietanyl)benzamide, N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-l-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3 ,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide and (-)-N-[3-chloro-l-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methyl N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide,4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine;(2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide;3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate esters;(4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-indeno[l,2-e][l,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester;6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose;8-(2- Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.l]octane, (8-anti)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (8-syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl) -3-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]-propanamide and N-[4-(aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-l-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]-pyrimidine,3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-carbonic acid ethyl ester, and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolidinyl]-2 -methyl-benzamide, 2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(R)-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one, 1,4-dimethyl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]-1,2,4-triazolidene-3,5-dione, and a terpene blend comprising substantially pure alpha-terpinene, substantially pure p-cymene, and substantially pure limonene as active ingredients in a relative ratio of about 35-45:12-20:10-15.

[0061] In one embodiment, the composition comprises (A) pelargonic acid and (B) one or more of the following pesticidal active agents: abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, benzopyrimoxane, bifenthrin, brofuranilide, buprofezin, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clothianidin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin. , ciprofuranilide, dichlorvos / DDVP, dinotefuran, emamectin benzoate, ethiprole, etofenprox, fenitrothion, fenpropathrin, fipronil, flonicamid, flupirimine, imidacloprid, malathion, nitenpyram, oxazosulfil, pyriprole, sulfoxaflor, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, thiamethoxam, triazophos and triflumezopyrim.

[0062] In one embodiment, the pesticidal active agent (B) is a biological control agent.

[0063] As used herein, "biological control" is defined as the control of insects and / or mites and / or nematodes by the use of organisms such as microorganisms or metabolic products produced by such microorganisms. In some cases, biological control is also achieved by the use of naturally occurring compounds or compounds derived from such naturally occurring compounds.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the biological control agent includes not only isolated pure cultures of the respective fungi or bacteria, particularly pesticidal fungi or bacteria, but also suspensions in whole broth cultures or metabolite-containing supernatants or purified metabolites obtained from whole broth cultures of fungal or bacterial strains. "Whole broth culture" refers to a liquid culture containing both cells and medium. "Supernatant" refers to the liquid broth remaining when the cells grown in the broth are removed by centrifugation, filtration, sedimentation, or other means known in the art. According to another embodiment, the biological control agent includes isolated pure cultures of the respective fungi or bacteria formulated into a suitable formulation separate from the fermentation broth, as further described below.

[0065] The biological control agent may be an insecticidally active biological control agent selected from the group consisting of: (1) Bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, particularly strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g., XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences); Bacillus mycoides, isolate J (e.g., BmJ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co., Ltd.); Bacillus sphaericus, particularly serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (ABTS-1743) (e.g., VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, USA); Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki strain BMP 123 from Becker Microbial Products, IL; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular serotype H-7 (e.g. FLORBAC® WG from Valent BioSciences, USA); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g. DIPEL® ES from Valent BioSciences, USA); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 from Becker Microbial Products, IL; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g. AQUABAC® from Becker Microbial Products, IL); Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia linogensis rinojensis) strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (accession number NRRL B-50319;Nos. WO 2011 / 106491 and WO 2013 / 032693; e.g. MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations; Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular the strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae; e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDER® and MILKY SPORE GRANULAR® from St. Gabriel Laboratories); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype El-14) strain AM65-52 (accession number ATCC 612262); 1276) (e.g., VECTOBAC® from Valent BioSciences, USA); Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428; e.g., NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE); Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351; Bacillus 54 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki PB; 11 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki SA;Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348; Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g., TIANBAOBTC from Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91; Serratia entomophila (e.g., INVADE® from Wrightson Seeds); Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (accession number MTCC 8708); and Wolbachia pipientis pipientis ZAP strains (e.g., ZAP MALES® from MosquitoMate); and (2) Fungi selected from the group consisting of Muscodor albus, in particular the strain QST 20799 (accession number NRRL 30547); Muscodor roseus, in particular the strain A3-5 (accession number NRRL 30548); Beauveria bassiana, in particular the strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. Naturalis® from Intrachem Bio Italia); strain GHA (accession number ATCC 74250; e.g. BotaniGuard Es and Mycotrol-0 from Laverlam International Corporation); strain ATP02 (accession number DSM 24665); strain PPRI 5339 (e.g. BroadBand® from BASF); strain PPRI 7315, strain R444 (e.g. Andermatt Bb-Protec from Biocontrol), IL197, IL12, IL236, IL10, IL131, IL116 strains (all mentioned in laronski, 2007, Use of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Biological Pest Management, 2007: ISBN: 978-81-308-0192-6), Bv025 strain (see, for example, Garcia et al., 2006, Manejo Integrado de Plagas y Agroecologia (Costa Rica) No. 77); BaGPK strains; ICPE 279, CG 716 strains (e.g. BoveMax® from Novozymes); Hirsutella citriformis, Hirsutella thompsonii (e.g. Mycohit and ABTEC from Agro Bio-tech Research Centre, IN);Lecanici Ilium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular conidia of the strain KV01 (e.g. Mycotal® and Vertalec® from Koppert / Arysta), strain DAOM198499 or strain DAOM216596; Lecanicillium muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain VE 6 / CABI (=IMI) 268317 / CBS102071 / ARSEF5128 (e.g. Mycotal from Koppert); Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, for example ARSEF324 from GreenGuard by Becker Underwood, USA, or isolate IMI 330189 (ARSEF7486; e.g. Green Muscle from Biological Control Products); Metarhizium brunneum, e.g. strain Cb 15 (e.g. ATTRACAP® from BIOCARE); Metarhizium anisopliae, e.g. strain ESALQ 1037 (e.g. Metalril® SP Organic), strain E-9 (e.g. Metalril® SP Organic), strain M206077, strain C4-B (NRRL 30905), strain ESC1, strain 15013-1 (NRRL 67073), strain 3213-1 (NRRL 67074), strain C20091, strain C20092, strain F52 (DSM3884 / ATCC 90448; e.g. BIO from Bayer CropScience 1020 and also Met52 from Novozymes) or ICIPE 78 strain; Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (NRRL 67075); Nomuraea rileyi;Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (new: Isaria fumosorosea), especially strains Apopka 97 (e.g., PreFeRal from Certis, USA), Fe9901 (e.g., NoFly from Natural Industries, USA), ARSEF 3581, ARSEF 3302, ARSEF 2679 (ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Cultures, Ithaca, USA), IfBOl (China Center for Type Culture Collection CCTCC M2012400), ESALQ1296, ESALQ1364, ESALQ1409 (ESALQ: University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil), CG1228 (EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (Brasilia, DF, Brazil)), KCH J2 (Dymarska et ah, 2017; PLoS one volume 12 (issue 10)): e0184885), HIB-19, HIB-23, HIB-29, HIB-30 (Gandarilla-Pacheco et ak, 2018; Rev Argent Microbiol 50:81-89), CHE-CNRCB 304, EH-511 / 3 (Flores-Villegas et ak, 2016; Parasites&Vectors 2016, 9:176 doi:10.1186 / sl3071-016-1453-l), CHE-CNRCB 303, CHE-CNRCB 305, CHE-CNRCB 307 (Gallou et ak, 2016; Fungal biology 120(2016)414-423), EH-506 / 3, EH-503 / 3, EH-520 / 3, PFCAM, MBP, PSMB1 (National Center for Biological Control, Mexico; Castellanos-Moguel et al., 2013;Revista Mexicana De Micologia 38:23-33, 2013), RCEF3304 (Meng et al., 2015; Genet Mol Biol. July-September 2015; 38(No.3):381-389), PF01-N10 (CCTCC No. M207088), CCM 8367 (Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Bmo), SFP-198 (Kim et al., 2010; Wiley Online: DOI 10.1002 / ps.2020), K3 (Y anagawa et al., 2015; J Chem Ecok 2015; 41(No.12):118-1126), CLO 55 (Ansari Ali et al., 2011; PLoS One.2011;Volume 6(No.1):el6108.DOI:10.1371 / joumakpone.0016108),IfTSOl,HTS02,HTS07(Dong et ak, 2016 / PLoS ONE Volume 11 (No. 5): e0156087.doi:10.1371 / joumakpone.0156087), PI (Sun Agro Biotech Research Centre, インド), If-02, If-2.3, If-03 (Farooq Freed, 2016; DOI: 10.1016 / j.bjm.2016.06.002), Ifir AsC (Meyer et al. ak, 2008; J. Invertebr. Pathol. 99: 96-102 (10.1016 / j jip.2008.03.007), PC-013 (DSMZ 26931), P43A, PCC (Carrillo-Perez et al. ak, 2012; DOI 10.1007 / sl 1274-012-1184-1), Pf04, Pf59, Pfl09 (KimJun et al. ak, 2013; Mycobiology December 2013; Volume 41 (No. 4): Pages 221~224), FG340 (Han, 2014; DOI: 10.5941 / MYCO.2014.42.4.385), Pfirl, Pfr8, Pfr9, PfrlO, Pfirl 1, Pfrl2 (Angel-Sahaghn et al. ak, 2005;Journal of Insect Science), Ifr531 (Daniel and Wyss, 2009; DOI 10.1111 / j.1439-0418.2009.01410.x), IF-1106 (Insect Ecology and Biocontrol Laboratory, Shanxi Agricultural University), 19602, 17284 (Hussain et al., 2016; DOI:10.3390 / ijmsl7091518), 103011 (U.S. Patent No. 4618578), CNRCB1 (Centro Nacional de Referenda de Control Biologico (CNRCB), Colima, Mexico), SCAU-IFCF01 (Nian et al., 2015; DOI:10.1002 / ps.3977), PF01-N4 (Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, SCAU, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China) Pfr-612 (Institute of Biotechnology (IB-FCB-UANL), Mexico), Pf-Tim, Pf-Tiz, Pf-Hal, Pf-Tic (Chan-Cupul et al., 2013, DOI: 10.5897 / AJMR12.493); Aschersonia aleyrodis; Beauveria brongniartii (e.g. Beaupro from Andermatt Biocontrol AG); Conidiobolus obscurus; Entomophthora virulenta (e.g. Vektor from Ecomic); Lagenidium giganteum; Metarhizium flavoviridis (e.g. flavoviride);Mucor haemelis (e.g. BioAvard from Indore Biotech Inputs&Research);Nosema locustae;Pandora delphacis; Sporothrix insectorum (e.g. Sporothrix Es from Biocerto, BR); and Zoophtora radicans, as well as; (3) A virus selected from the group consisting of: Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus (AdhoNPV), e.g. isolate ADN001; Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipNPV), e.g. isolate from Illinois; Anticarsia gemmatalis (Woolly pyrol moth) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) (e.g. Baculo-soja from Nova Era Biotecnologia Agricola; Baculovirus Nitral from Nitral Urbana; Coopervirus SC products from COODETEC), e.g. isolate 2D; Autographa californica (Alfalfa Looper) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) (e.g. Agricola El Sol's product VPN-ULTRA, Andermatt Biocontrol's Loopex, AgBiTech's Lepigen), e.g. isolate C6; Galleria mellonella multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (GmMNPV); Plutella xylostella multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, e.g. isolate CL3; Spodoptera exempta multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV); Trichoplusia ni multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnMNPV); Bombyx mori (silkworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), e.g. isolate T3; (C3.10) Bombyx mandarina nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BomaNPV), e.g. isolate SI; Buzura suppressaria suppressaria nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BuzuNPV), e.g., isolate S13; Choristoneura fumiferana DEF multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfDefNPV);Choristoneura fumiferana multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV), e.g. isolates from Ireland; Choristoneura rosaceana nuclear polyhedrovirus (ChroNPV); Ecotropis obliqua nuclear polyhedrovirus (EcobNPV), e.g. isolate Al; Epiphyas postvittana nuclear polyhedrovirus (EppoNPV); Heliocoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrovirus (Hear-NPV) (e.g. Vivus® MAX and Armigen from AgBiTech, Helicovex, Keyun from Andermatt Biocontrol) Helicoverpa zea mononuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) (e.g. Certis, Gemstar from the USA, Diplomata from Koppert); Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) (e.g. Lymantria dispar from Andermatt Biocontrol, Gypcheck developed by the US Forestry Service); Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) (e.g. Oxford isolates); Mamestra configurata configurata nuclear polyhedrosis virus A (MacoNPV-A), such as isolate 90 / 2 or isolate 90 / 4; Mamestra configurata nuclear polyhedrosis virus B (MacoNPV-B), such as isolate 96B;Orgyia pseudotsugata (Douglas-fir tussock moth) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) (e.g. Virtuss); Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) (e.g. Spexit, Certis from Andermatt Biocontrol, Spod-X LC from USA, Keyun SeNPV), e.g. isolates from USA; Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) (e.g. Fawligen from AgBiTech), e.g. isolate 3AP2 or isolate 6NR; Spodoptera litoralis isolate M2; Spodoptera litura (oriental leafworm moth) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SpltNPV) (e.g. Keyun SpltNPV), e.g. isolate G2; Thysanoplusia orichalcea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ThorNPV), e.g. isolate A28; Trichoplusia ni mononucleopolyhedrovirus (TnSNPV); (C3.30) Wiseana signata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (WisiNPV); Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) fruit tortrix granulovirus (AdorGV) (e.g. Capex from Andermatt Biocontrol); Agrotis segetum nuclear polyhedrosis virus A (AgseNPV);Anagrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnfaNPV); Antheraea pemyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV); Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV); Clanis bilineata nucleopolyhedrovirus (ClbiNPV); Euproctis pseudoconspersa nucleopolyhedrovirus (EupsNPV); Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HycuNPV); Leucania separata nucleopolyhedrovirus (LeseNPV); Maruca vitrata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MaviNPV); Orgyia leucostogyma nucleopolyhedrovirus (Orgyia leucostigma nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OrleNPV); Orgyia pseudotsugata mononuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpSNPV); Panolis flammea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (PaflNPV); Rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (RoMNPV); Erinnyis ello (homworm) GV (ErelGV), e.g. isolate VG010; Artogeia rapae granulovirus (ArGV); Pieris brassicae granulovirus (PbGV), e.g. isolate 384; Choristoneura fumiferana fumiferana granulovirus (ChfuGV), e.g., isolate Bonaventure;Cryptophlebia leucotreta (false codling moth) granulovirus (CrleGV) (e.g. Cryptex from Andermatt Biocontrol), for example isolate CV3; Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulovirus (CpGV) (e.g. Madex® products from Andermatt Biocontrol, Carpovirus Plus from AgroRoca SA), for example isolate Ml; Harrisina brillians granulovirus (HabrGV), for example isolate M2; Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) granulovirus (HearGV); Lacanobia oleracea granulovirus (LaolGV), e.g. isolate SI; Phthorimaea operculella (tobacco leaf miner) granulovirus (PhopGV) (e.g. Tutavir from Andermatt Biocontrol, Matapol); Plodia interpunctella granulovirus (PiGV), e.g. isolate B3; Plutella xylostella granulovirus (PlxyGV) (e.g. Plutellavex® from Keyun), e.g. isolate Kl; Pseudalatia unipuncta unipuncta granulovirus (PsunGV), e.g., Hawaiian isolates;Trichoplusia ni granulovirus (TnGV), e.g. isolate M10-5; Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (XecnGV), e.g. isolate alpha4; Agrotis segetum granulovirus (AgseGV), e.g. isolate Xinjiang; Choristoneura occidentalis granulovirus (ChocGV); Spodoptera litura (oriental leafworm moth) granulovirus (SpliGV), e.g. isolate Kl; Neodiprion lecontei) (red-headed; Neodiprion sertifer (pine sawfly) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeleNPV) (e.g. Lecontvirus from SYLVAR); Neodiprion sertifer (pine sawfly) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeseNPV) (e.g. Neocheck-S developed by the US Forestry Service); Gilpinia hercyniae nucleopolyhedrovirus (GiheNPV), e.g. isolate i7; Neodiprion abietis (balsam-fir sawfly) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeabNPV) (e.g. ABIETIV from SYLVAR); Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV), e.g. isolate from Florida (1997); Aedes solictans sollicitans nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AesoNPV); Uranotaenia sapphrinia nuclear polyhedrosis virus (UrsaNPV); Spodoptera albula (gray-streaked armywom moth) NPV (e.g. VPN-ULTRA from Agricola El Sol); Biston suppressaria (tea looper) NPV; Dendrolimus punctatus (Masson pine moth) CPV; Leucoma salicis (European satin moth) NPV; Spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus (SfGV), e.g. isolate ARG; Spodoptera sunia nucleopolyhedrovirus (e.g. VPN 82 from Agricola El Sol); Pieris rapae (small white) GV (PiraGV);Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeNPV) (e.g. Keyun SeNPV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus;

[0066] The biological control agent may be a nematicidally active biological control agent selected from the group consisting of: (4) bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, in particular the strain QST713 / AQ713 (having NRRL accession number B-21661; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); Bacillus pumilus, in particular the strain QST2808 (having NRRL accession number B-30087); Bacillus firmus, in particular the strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g. VOTIVO® from BASF SE); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular the strain FZB42 (e.g. RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PTA-4838 (AVEO EZ® from Valent / Sumitomo; VARNIMO® ST from LidoChem); Bacillus cereus, in particular spores of Bacillus cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690); Bacillus laterosporus (also known as Brevibacillus laterosporus); e.g. BIO-TODE® from Agro-Organics, ZA; Bacillus megaterium, strain YFM3.25 (e.g. BIOARC® from BioArc); Bacillus mohavensis mojavensis), strain SR11 (CECT-7666; Probelte S.A); Bacillus nematocida B16 (CGMCC accession number 1128); a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); Pasteuria nishizawae (e.g. OYACYST® LF / ST from Pasteuria Bioscience; CLARIVA® PN from Syngenta / ChemChina); Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (accession number NRRL B-50319; WO 2011 / 106491 and WO 2013 / 032693; MAJESTENE® from Marrone Bio Innovations; Pasteuria penetrans; Pasteuria usgae (e.g. ECONEM® from Pasteuria Bioscience); Streptomycete sp., such as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WY CD 108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes); Streptomyces saraceticus (e.g. A&A Group (Agro Chemical Corp.) CLANDA®; Bacillus thuringiensis strain CR-371 (Accession No. ATCC 55273); Bacillus cepacia (e.g. DENY® from Stine Microbial Products); Lysobacter enzymogenes, in particular strain C3 (see J Nematol. 2006 June, Vol. 38(2):233-239 and Biological Control 2018 February, Vol. 117:158-163); and. Fungi, such as Muscodor albus, in particular the strain QST 20799 (accession number NRRL 30547); Muscodor roseus, in particular the strain A3-5 (accession number NRRL 30548); Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly known as Paecilomyces lilacinus), in particular the strain P. lilacinum 251 (AGAL 89 / 030550; e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH), strain 580 (BIOSAT® WP (ATCC number 38740) from Laverlam), strains in the BIO-NEMATON® product (T. Stanes and Company Ltd.), strains in the MYSIS® product (Varsha Bioscience and Technology India Pvt Ltd.), BIOICONEMA® product strains (Nico Orgo Maures, India), NEMAT® product strains (Ballagro Agro Tecnologia Ltda, Brazil) and SPECTRUM PAE L® product strains (Promotora Tecnica Industrial, SADE CV, Mexico); Trichoderma koningii; Harposporium anguillullae; Hirsutella minnesotensis; Monacrosporium cionopagum; Monacrosporium psychrophilum; Myrothecium verrucaria, in particular strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTera® from Valent Biosciences);Paecilomyces variotii, strain Q-09 (e.g. Nemaquim® from Quimia, MX); Stagonospora phaseoli (e.g. from Syngenta); Trichoderma lignorum, in particular strain TL-0601 (e.g. Mycotric from Futureco Bioscience, ES); Fusarium solani, strain Fs5; Hirsutella rhossiliensis; Monacrosporium drechsleri; Monacrosporium gephyropagum; Nematoctonus geogenius; Nematoctonus leiosporus leiosporus; Neocosmospora vasinfecta; Paraglomus sp, especially Paraglomus brasilianum; Pochonia chlamydosporia (also known as Vercillium chlamydosporium), especially var. catenulata (IMI SD 187; e.FgKlamiC, The National Center of Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), CU); Stagonospora heteroderae; Meristacrum asterospermum, and Duddingtonia flagrans.;

[0067] Such mixtures may be used in methods of controlling pests, comprising applying a composition comprising such a mixture to the pest or its environment, with the exception of methods of treating the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods performed on the human or animal body.

[0068] Combinations comprising mixtures of pelargonic acid and one or more active agents as described above may be applied, for example, in a single "ready-mix" form, in combination spray mixtures consisting of separate formulations of a single active agent component, such as "tank mixes," and using a combination of separate compositions comprising (A) pelargonic acid and (B) additional active agents when applied sequentially, i.e., one after the other within a reasonably short period of time, such as a few hours or days. The order of application of the pelargonic acid and active agents as described above is not essential to the practice of the invention.

[0069] The preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the leaves of the plants (foliar application), the frequency and amount of application being able to be chosen to suit the risk of infestation by the pest in question.

[0070] The following examples illustrate the invention in a non-limiting manner.

[0071] All applications were made with an EC formulation containing 650 g / L pelargonic acid (e.g., 685 g / L of 95% pure pelargonic acid), an anionic emulsifier, and a branched fatty acid ester solvent. The treatment names for the pelargonic acid compositions used in the following examples indicate total g / ha based on application rate, e.g., a 650 EC formulation applied at 1 L / ha would be identified as PA 650 g / ha and an application rate of 1.5 L / ha would be identified as PA 975 g / ha. EXAMPLES

[0072] [Example 1] Rice - Chilo Suppressalis Trials 1-4 evaluating the use of pelargonic acid to control Chilo suppressalis in rice were conducted in Spain and Thailand.

[0073] Application A was applied to the crops at the onset of infestation, for these tests, stage BBCH 59. Application B was applied 14 days after application A.

[0074] Test 1 Trial 1 was conducted in Spain using a water volume of 300 L / ha per application unless otherwise stated. Pest Incidence / Number of Insects (PESINC) and Pest Severity (PESSEV) as Percent of Untreated Check (%UNCK) and phytotoxicity were assessed at various treatment evaluation intervals. [Table 1] [Table 2]

[0075] Test 2 Trial 2 was conducted in Spain using a water volume of 300 L / ha per application unless otherwise stated. Pest Incidence / Number of Insects (PESINC) and Pest Severity (PESSEV) as Percent of Untreated Check (%UNCK) and phytotoxicity were assessed at various treatment evaluation intervals. [Table 3] [Table 4]

[0076] Test 3 Trial 3 was conducted in Thailand using a water volume of 500 L / ha per application unless otherwise stated. Insect damage (DAMINS%), insect damage (numbers) and phytotoxicity were evaluated at various treatment evaluation intervals.

[0077] Population levels were recorded by counting the number of rice plants per row, the number of white heads (damage caused by rice stem borer), and subsequently calculating the % insect damage. [Table 5] [Table 6] [Table 7]

[0078] Test 4 Trial 4 was conducted in Thailand using a water volume of 500 L / ha per application unless otherwise stated. Insect damage (DAMINS%), insect damage (numbers) and phytotoxicity were evaluated at various treatment evaluation intervals.

[0079] Population levels were recorded by counting the number of rice plants per row, the number of white heads (damage caused by rice stem borer), and subsequently calculating the % insect damage. [Table 8] [Table 9] [Table 10]

[0080] [Example 2] Rice - Oryzaphagus oryzae Trials 1-2 evaluating the use of pelargonic acid to control Oryzaphagus oryzae in rice were conducted in Brazil. A single application was made 5 days after the first flood irrigation. Evaluations of Oryzaphagus oryzae populations were made 3 days after application for each of the four replicates at each dose. [Table 11] [Table 12]

[0081] Diabrotica speciosa is a major pest in rice. Examples 3 and 4 demonstrate the effectiveness of pelargonic acid against this pest in other crops, potato and dry beans.

[0082] [Example 3] Potato - Diabrotica speciosa (Cucurbit beetle) - DIABSC Test 1 Diabrotica speciosa is a significant pest in rice. Trial 1, conducted on potato, demonstrates control of this pest. A volume of 400 L water / ha was used for each application. Two applications were made 7 days apart. Each plot was 15 m2 in diameter. 2 It was. [Table 13]

[0083] Test 2 Diabrotica speciosa is a significant pest in rice. Trial 2, carried out on potato, demonstrates control of this pest. A volume of 400 L water / ha was used for each application. Two applications were made 7 days apart. Each plot was 15 m2 in area. 2 and there were 5.15 insects per 20 plants at the time of application. [Table 14]

[0084] [Example 4] Dried Beans - Diabrotica speciosa Trial 1: Diabrotica speciosa is a significant pest in rice. Trial 1, carried out on dry beans, demonstrates control of this pest. A water volume of 150 L water / ha was used for each application. Two applications were made 7 days apart. Application A was made at the time of first infestation.

[0085] Each plot is 15m 2 It was. [Table 15]

[0086] Trial 2: Diabrotica speciosa is a significant pest in rice. Trial 2, carried out on dry beans, demonstrates control of this pest. The water rate was 150 L water / ha. Two applications were made 7 days apart. Each plot was 15 m 2 It was. [Table 16]

Claims

1. A method for controlling arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarine pests, on rice plants, comprising applying a pesticidally effective amount of pelargonic acid to the pest, the locus of the pest, or a plant susceptible to pest attack.

2. A method for controlling and / or preventing damage to rice plants caused by infestation of arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarid pests, which comprises applying a pesticidally effective amount of pelargonic acid to the plants.

3. Use of pelargonic acid on rice plants to control and / or prevent damage caused by infestations of arthropod pests, preferably insect and / or acarid pests.

4. The pest is selected from the group consisting of Diabrotica speciosa, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Oulema oryzae, Agromyza oryzae, Chlorops oryzae, Erthesina fullo, Nephotettix virescens, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, 4. The method or use of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the insect pest comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of: Oebalus furcifera; Oebalus pugnax; Chilo suppressalis; Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Scirpophaga incertulas.

5. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pelargonic acid is applied as a composition together with a suitable carrier.

6. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pelargonic acid is applied as a foliar spray.

7. 4. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant exhibits low phytotoxicity after application of the pelargonic acid.

8. 4. The method or use of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pelargonic acid is applied in an amount sufficient to deliver pelargonic acid to the rice plants in an amount of 300 to 6,500 g / ha, preferably 450 to 4,500 g / ha.

9. 4. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising applying (B) at least one additional pesticidal active agent.

10. The at least one additional pesticidal active agent (B) is selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, benzopyrimoxane, bifenthrin, brofuranilide, buprofezin, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clothianidin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyprofuranilide, dichlorvos / DDVP, dinotefuran, emamec 10. The method or use of claim 9, comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of tin benzoate, ethiprole, etofenprox, fenitrothion, fenpropathrin, fipronil, flonicamid, flupirimin, imidacloprid, malathion, nitenpyram, oxazosulfil, pyriprole, sulfoxaflor, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, thiamethoxam, triazophos, triflumezopyrim and biological control agents.

11. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising the steps of simultaneously or sequentially applying (A) pelargonic acid and (B) at least one pesticidal active agent to the plant.

12. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pelargonic acid and the pesticide active agent are applied simultaneously.

13. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pelargonic acid and the pesticide active agent are applied sequentially.