Spinner

Abstract

A spinner for use in the manufacture of glass fibers includes a body having an upper wall with an opening therethrough, a lower wall, and a sidewall extending between the upper and lower walls, the sidewall having a plurality of orifices therein, the body including a metal alloy material and formed using a local welding process such as a directed energy deposition (DED) process.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to spinners for use in the manufacture of glass fibers, and more particularly to improved materials and processes for making such spinners. [Background technology]

[0002] The statements in this section provide background information related to the present disclosure.

[0003] In the production of glass fibers, a rotating spinner is used to force molten glass through multiple orifices to form individual fibers. Such spinners are shown in more detail, by way of example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,904,290 and 5,286,446, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0004] Fiberglass spinners are typically made from materials that have high corrosion resistance, high creep resistance, and high oxidation resistance at high temperatures (e.g., 1,121°C (approximately 2,050°F)). These spinners are also typically manufactured using a casting process, which is controlled to achieve the desired mechanical properties of the spinner. Cobalt-based alloys have been used in the past to meet the performance requirements of the spinners, but these alloys are relatively expensive.

[0005] Various challenges associated with the materials and manufacture of spinners for use in the production of glass fibers are addressed by the present disclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This section provides a general overview of the disclosure, but is not an exhaustive disclosure of its entire scope or all of its features.

[0007] In one form, a spinner for use in the production of glass fibers is provided, comprising a body having a top wall having an opening therethrough, a bottom wall that may or may not have an opening therethrough, and a sidewall extending between the top and bottom walls, the sidewall comprising a plurality of orifices, the body comprising a metal alloy material formed using a local welding method. As used herein, the term local welding method encompasses any suitable additive manufacturing process, such as directed energy deposition or powder bed fusion. See, e.g., ISO / ASTM 52900.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment, the local welding method may utilize an electron beam, a laser, or an electric or plasma arc.

[0009] In variations of this spinner, which may be implemented individually or in any combination, the local welding method includes laser directed energy deposition, the metal alloy is a chromium-cobalt-nickel alloy, the metal alloy includes an anisotropic grain structure, the anisotropic grain structure includes fine columnar dendritic regions having an average grain size of about 50 μm to about 200 μm as measured across the width of the grain, the anisotropic grain structure includes refined equiaxed regions having an average grain size of about 20 μm to about 200 μm, the anisotropic grain structure includes carbide concentrations at grain / subgrain boundaries, the average intergranular distance between the carbide concentrations is about 0.10 μm to about 4.0 μm, and the average size of the carbides is about 0.5 μm to about 1.5 μm.

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes chromium and at least one of nickel and cobalt.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes chromium, nickel, and cobalt.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes 25% to 40% chromium by weight.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes up to 75% by weight nickel, cobalt, or a combination thereof.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material further includes at least one of tungsten, boron, and carbon.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes 0.01% to 10.0% tungsten by weight.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes 0.002% to 0.05% by weight of boron.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes 0.1% to 1.0% carbon by weight.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material further includes at least one of tantalum, zirconium, and hafnium.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes 0.01% to 5.0% tantalum by weight.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes 0.1% to 0.4% by weight zirconium.

[0021] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes between 0.01% and 1.0% hafnium by weight.

[0022] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal alloy material includes chromium in an amount between 25.0% and 40.0% by weight, nickel in an amount between 15.0% and 25.0% by weight, cobalt in an amount between 25.0% and 39.0% by weight, tungsten in an amount between 0.01% and 10.0% by weight, boron in an amount between 0.002% and 0.05% by weight, carbon in an amount between 0.1% and 1.0% by weight, tantalum in an amount between 0.01% and 5.0% by weight, zirconium in an amount between 0.1% and 0.4% by weight, and hafnium in an amount between 0.01% and 1.0% by weight.

[0023] In one exemplary embodiment, the spinner has a total strain (in / in) that is at least 50% less than the total strain of an identical spinner made from the same metal alloy material by casting.

[0024] In one exemplary embodiment, the spinner has a minimum creep rate that is at least 50% lower (×10) than the minimum creep rate of an identical spinner made from the same metal alloy material by casting. -4 ) (in / in / hr).

[0025] In one exemplary embodiment, the spinner has a corrosion penetration depth (μm) that is at least 20% lower than the corrosion penetration depth of an identical spinner made from the same metal alloy material by casting.

[0026] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a process for producing a shaped part includes depositing a metal alloy material on a substrate; simultaneously applying a local welding means to the metal alloy material as it is being deposited; and sequentially depositing and welding the metal alloy material in multiple layers to form a shaped part, the chromium-cobalt-nickel alloy material including chromium in an amount between 25.0% and 40.0% by weight, and up to 75% by weight of nickel, cobalt, or a combination thereof.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material further includes at least one of tungsten, boron, and carbon.

[0028] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material includes 0.01% to 10.0% tungsten by weight.

[0029] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material includes 0.002% to 0.05% by weight of boron.

[0030] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material includes 0.1% to 1.0% carbon by weight.

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material further includes at least one of tantalum, zirconium, and hafnium.

[0032] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material includes 0.01% to 5.0% tantalum by weight.

[0033] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material includes 0.1% to 0.4% by weight zirconium.

[0034] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material includes 0.01% to 1.0% hafnium by weight.

[0035] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the metal alloy material is in powder or wire form.

[0036] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the local welding means is directed energy deposition or powder bed fusion.

[0037] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the local welding means includes a heat source selected from the group consisting of a laser, an electron beam, and an electric or plasma arc.

[0038] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, at least one of the power and the movement speed of the heat source is controlled to control the solidification rate of the metal alloy material.

[0039] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the shaped part is a spinner for use in the production of fiberglass.

[0040] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the spinner has a total strain (in / in) that is at least 50% less than the total strain of an identical spinner made from the same metal alloy material by casting.

[0041] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the spinner has a minimum creep rate that is at least 50% lower (×10) than the minimum creep rate of an identical spinner made of the same metal alloy material by casting. -4 ) (in / in / hr).

[0042] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the spinner has a corrosion penetration depth (μm) that is at least 20% lower than the corrosion penetration depth of an identical spinner made from the same metal alloy material by casting.

[0043] In one exemplary embodiment of the process, the spinner comprises a body having an upper wall having an opening therethrough, a lower wall, and a sidewall extending between the upper and lower walls, the sidewall comprising a plurality of orifices.

[0044] In yet another form, a spinner is manufactured according to these processes. The spinner comprises a body having an upper wall having an opening therethrough, a lower wall which may or may not have an opening therethrough, and a sidewall extending between the upper and lower walls, the sidewall comprising a plurality of orifices.

[0045] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0046] In order that the present disclosure may be fully understood, various forms of the disclosure will now be described, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] 1 is a spinner constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] 1 is a table of inventive and comparative alloys in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure. [Figure 3A] 1 is a SEM (scanning electron microscope) image of the microstructure of one 3D printed alloy according to the teachings of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] 13 is an SEM image of the microstructure of another 3D printed alloy in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure. [Figure 3C] 1 is an SEM image of the microstructure of one prior art cast alloy. [Figure 3D] 1 is an SEM image of the microstructure of another cast alloy of the prior art; [Figure 4A] FIG. 3B is a magnified SEM image of the microstructure of the 3D printed alloy in FIG. [Figure 4B] FIG. 3C is a magnified SEM image of the microstructure of the 3D printed alloy in FIG. [Figure 4C] FIG. 3D is a magnified SEM image of the microstructure of the cast alloy of FIG. 3C. [Figure 4D] FIG. 3D is a magnified SEM image of the microstructure of the cast alloy. [Figure 5A] FIG. 13 is an IPF (inverse pole figure) map of the microstructure of a 3D printed alloy obtained using EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of FIG. 5A showing a microstructure having distinct equiaxed and fine columnar dendritic regions in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0047] The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0048] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.

[0049] The present inventors have discovered unexpected advantageous microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties of alloys formed using local welding methods such as directed energy deposition, particularly in spinner applications for use in the production of glass fibers.

[0050] In general, directed energy deposition (DED) (also referred to as "laser metal deposition" (LMD), "direct metal deposition" (DMD), or "laser direct energy deposition" (LDED)) is an additive process in which an energy source first heats the surface of a workpiece to create a weld pool. The energy source can include, for example, a laser, an electron beam, or an electric or plasma arc. Metal powder is then sprayed directly from a nozzle onto the weld pool. The metal powder melts and combines with the base material of the workpiece to form a layer, and this process is repeated for multiple layers as the application requires. Additionally, an inert shielding gas, such as argon as an example, is used during the deposition process to ensure the desired chemistry in the final product from the initial metal powder supply. It should also be understood that other forms of metal, such as wire as an example, may be used while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.

[0051] In accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, various alloys are used in combination with local welding methods such as directed energy deposition (DED) to create spinners with improved properties for applications producing fiberglass. However, it should be understood that the teachings herein may be applied to applications other than fiberglass spinners while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0052] 1, an exemplary spinner for use in the production of glass fibers is shown and generally designated by the reference numeral 20. Spinner 20 includes a body 21 having an upper wall 22 having an opening 24 therethrough, a lower wall 30 having an optional opening therethrough (not shown), and a sidewall 40 extending between upper wall 22 and lower wall 30, sidewall 40 having a plurality of orifices 42. Further details of such spinners are more fully shown and described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,904,290 and 5,286,446, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0053] Advantageously, the body 21 comprises a metal alloy material formed using a local welding method, such as a directed energy deposition (DED) method, resulting in a spinner 20 having improved properties, most notably improved creep and corrosion resistance, as described in more detail below.

[0054] With reference to Figure 2, samples made from several different metal alloy materials were evaluated and discussed, and samples were prepared using both DED (in this case, laser directed energy deposition) and traditional casting. For the DED method, the following parameters were used to generate non-cast samples: (1) 2 kW laser power, (2) 1,030 nm laser wavelength, (3) 4 mm laser spot size, (4) 500 mm / min travel speed, (5) 11.5 g / min powder flow rate, and (6) 12 mm standoff distance.

[0055] To obtain creep properties, the samples were machined into tensile specimens with reduced cross-section of 0.25 inches in diameter and overall length of 3 to 3.5 inches. The samples were subjected to creep rupture testing at standard conditions of 4,000 psi and 1,150°C until all samples failed. Total strain and minimum creep rate were recorded during the test.

[0056] To obtain corrosion properties, the samples were machined into 0.25" x 0.25" x 1.5" test specimens. These specimens were subjected to corrosion testing by suspending them in molten glass at 1,050°C for 100 hours. Cross sections of these samples were evaluated under a microscope to measure the depth of corrosion in many areas along the surface and take an average. It should be understood that these alloys are merely exemplary and that a variety of alloys may be used in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0057] The creep and corrosion properties of metal alloy materials produced from the DED process were significantly improved when compared to the creep and corrosion properties of the same chromium-cobalt-nickel alloys produced from conventional casting. Creep rupture and corrosion test data are shown in Tables 1-3 below for samples produced from selected metal alloy materials.

[0058] [Table 1]

[0059] [Table 2]

[0060] [Table 3]

[0061] Overall, in preliminary testing, the samples produced from the DED process exhibited lower total strain, lower minimum creep rate, and less corrosion penetration. Thus, the samples produced from the DED process showed an overall improvement in creep properties and corrosion resistance. In addition, the Alloy 1 composition showed an overall improvement in creep properties compared to the Alloy 2 composition, regardless of processing method.

[0062] Now referring to Figures 3A-3D, 4A-4D, and 5A-5B, the microstructure of the DED / 3D printed alloy is shown in comparison to the microstructure of the cast alloy. As shown, the DED alloy contains an anisotropic grain structure as best shown in Figures 5A and 5B. In one form, the anisotropic grain structure defines fine columnar dendritic regions having an average grain size (as measured across the width of the grain) of about 50 μm to about 200 μm. In another form, the anisotropic grain structure defines further refined equiaxed regions, where the average grain size, as measured along the grain, was observed to be about 20 μm to about 200 μm. In comparison, the cast alloy sample has an average grain size of about 600 μm. Thus, the improved creep properties are unexpected since, generally in metal alloys, a larger grain size results in improved creep properties. Here, with DED, the exact opposite was observed in preliminary testing.

[0063] The anisotropic grain structure includes a concentration of carbides at the grain / subgrain boundaries, and the carbides are more uniformly distributed. The average size of the carbides is about 0.5 μm to about 1.5 μm. The average intergranular distance between the carbides is about 0.10 μm to about 4.0 μm. This distribution of carbides and the resulting microstructure are believed to contribute to the suppression of grain boundary slip, thus resulting in improved mechanical properties. Additionally, the resulting microstructure is believed to improve corrosion resistance by providing a more uniform distribution of alloying elements.

[0064] In some embodiments, the metal alloy includes chromium and at least one of nickel and cobalt. In some embodiments, the metal alloy may also include one or more of tungsten, boron, and carbon. In some embodiments, the metal alloy may also include one or more of tantalum, zirconium, and hafnium. Typical embodiments of metal alloys encompassed by the present disclosure include the alloying elements, listed in weight percent, as set forth in Table 4 below.

[0065] [Table 4]

[0066] The alloying elements, alone and / or in combination, contribute to the production of suitable alloys: for example, carbon supports the formation of carbides, tantalum and hafnium act as carbide formers, tungsten acts as a carbide refiner, and boron and zirconium act as carbide stabilizers.

[0067] In some embodiments, the metal alloy includes at least one element from each of groups A, B, C, and D.

[0068] In some embodiments, the metal alloy includes chromium and at least one element from Group B. In some embodiments, the metal alloy includes chromium and all of the elements from Group B. In some embodiments, when the metal alloy includes both nickel and cobalt, the combined nickel and cobalt content is in the range of 0.1-75.0 wt.%.

[0069] In some embodiments, the metal alloy includes chromium, at least one element from group B, and at least one element from group C. In some embodiments, the metal alloy includes chromium, at least one element from group B, and all of the elements from group C.

[0070] In some embodiments, the metal alloy comprises chromium, at least one element from group B, at least one element from group C, and at least one element from group D. In some embodiments, the metal alloy comprises chromium, at least one element from group B, at least one element from group C, and all elements from group D.

[0071] In some embodiments, the metal alloy includes all of the elements from each of groups A, B, C, and D.

[0072] Some representative exemplary embodiments of chromium-cobalt-nickel alloys contemplated by the present disclosure include alloying elements, listed in weight percent, as set forth in Table 5 below.

[0073] [Table 5]

[0074] It should be understood that unintended alloying elements (e.g., outside of Groups A, B, C, and D), such as, by way of example, Si, Al, Ti, Mn, and Mo (as shown in FIG. 2), may be present in the final alloy. Additionally, the elemental ranges disclosed herein include all incremental values ​​between the minimum and maximum alloying element composition values. That is, the minimum alloying element composition value may range from a minimum value to a maximum value. Similarly, the maximum alloying element composition value may range from an indicated maximum value to a disclosed minimum value.

[0075] As indicated above, carbon is present in the alloys according to the present disclosure. Although these amounts of carbon are believed to be relatively high and may contribute to cracking in various welding applications, the inventors have discovered that this amount of carbon, when combined with local welding methods, results in unexpected results regarding the crack resistance of the spinner 20. The solidification rate of the alloy with DED is believed to be relatively slow with a large molten pool when compared to other additive methods such as powder bed fusion bonding. By controlling the power of the heat source (e.g., laser) and the travel speed of the heat source (e.g., laser), the solidification rate of the alloy can be controlled or significantly slowed down so that the carbon content does not cause cracking of the spinner 20 as would normally be expected. Thus, when using DED methods, higher amounts of carbon can be used in the alloys according to the teachings herein while maintaining sufficient mechanical properties for the application of the spinner 20 as described herein.

[0076] Unless otherwise expressly indicated herein, all numerical values ​​expressing mechanical / thermal properties, composition percentages, dimensions and / or tolerances, or other properties, in describing the scope of the present disclosure, should be understood as being modified by the word "about" or "approximately." This modification may be desirable for a variety of reasons, including industrial practices, material, manufacturing, and assembly tolerances, and testing capabilities.

[0077] As used herein, the phrase at least one of "a," "b," and "c" should be construed to mean the logical ("a" OR "b" OR "c"), using a non-exclusive logical OR, and not to mean at least one of "a," at least one of "b," and at least one of "c."

[0078] As used herein, the phrases between "a" and "b", and the phrases between "a" and "b", each encompass the actual values ​​of "a" and "b", as well as any values ​​therebetween.

[0079] The description of the disclosure is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the essence of the disclosure are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. Such variations should not be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

Claims

1. A spinner for use in the manufacture of glass fibers, A body comprising an upper wall having a through-opening, a lower wall, and a side wall extending between the upper wall and the lower wall, wherein the side wall is provided with a plurality of orifices, The body is formed by a predetermined process, and the predetermined process is Depositing a metal alloy material onto a substrate, When the aforementioned metal alloy material is deposited, directed energy deposition is simultaneously applied to the aforementioned metal alloy material, This includes forming the main body by sequentially depositing and welding the aforementioned metal alloy material into multiple layers, The aforementioned metal alloy material comprises chromium in an amount of 25.0% to 40.0% by weight, and up to 75% by weight of nickel, cobalt, or a combination thereof, for a spinner.

2. The spinner according to claim 1, wherein the side wall is provided with a plurality of orifices that penetrate the side wall.

3. The spinner according to claim 1, wherein the metal alloy material comprises chromium, nickel, and cobalt.

4. The spinner according to claim 1, wherein the metal alloy material further comprises at least one of tungsten, boron, and carbon.

5. The spinner according to claim 4, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.01% to 10.0% by weight of tungsten.

6. The spinner according to claim 4, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.002% to 0.05% by weight of the boron.

7. The spinner according to claim 4, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.1% to 1.0% by weight of the carbon.

8. The spinner according to claim 4, wherein the metal alloy material further comprises at least one of tantalum, zirconium, and hafnium.

9. The spinner according to claim 8, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of the tantalum.

10. The spinner according to claim 8, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of the zirconium.

11. The spinner according to claim 8, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.01% to 1.0% by weight of the hafnium.

12. The aforementioned metal alloy material is Chromium in an amount of 25.0% to 40.0% by weight, Nickel in an amount of 15.0% to 25.0% by weight, Cobalt in an amount of 25.0% to 39.0% by weight, Tungsten in an amount of 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, Boron in an amount of 0.002% to 0.05% by weight, A quantity of carbon ranging from 0.1% to 1.0% by weight, A quantity of tantalum ranging from 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight, A quantity of zirconium ranging from 0.1% to 0.4% by weight, The spinner according to claim 1, comprising hafnium in an amount of 0.01% to 1.0% by weight.

13. The process according to claim 1, wherein the spinner has a total strain (in / in) that is at least 50% smaller than the total strain of an identical spinner made of the same metal alloy material by casting.

14. The spinner has a minimum creep rate (×10) that is at least 50% lower than the minimum creep rate of an identical spinner made of the same metal alloy material by casting. -4 The spinner according to claim 1, including (in / in / hr).

15. The spinner according to claim 1, wherein the spinner has a corrosion penetration depth (μm) that is at least 20% lower than the corrosion penetration depth of an identical spinner made from the same metal alloy material by casting.

16. A process for manufacturing molded parts, wherein the process is: Depositing a metal alloy material onto a substrate, When the aforementioned metal alloy material is deposited, a local welding means is simultaneously applied to the aforementioned metal alloy material, This includes forming the molded part by sequentially depositing and welding the metal alloy material into multiple layers, The aforementioned metal alloy material is Chromium in an amount of 25.0% to 40.0% by weight, Contains up to 75% by weight of nickel, cobalt, or a combination thereof, The aforementioned molded part is a spinner for use in the manufacture of glass fibers, The local welding means is a process of directed energy deposition.

17. The process according to claim 16, wherein the metal alloy material further comprises at least one of tungsten, boron, and carbon.

18. The process according to claim 17, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.01% to 10.0% by weight of tungsten.

19. The process according to claim 17, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.002% to 0.05% by weight of the boron.

20. The process according to claim 17, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.1% to 1.0% by weight of carbon.

21. The process according to claim 17, wherein the metal alloy material further comprises at least one of tantalum, zirconium, and hafnium.

22. The process according to claim 21, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of the tantalum.

23. The process according to claim 21, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of the zirconium.

24. The process according to claim 21, wherein the metal alloy material contains 0.01% to 1.0% by weight of hafnium.

25. The process according to claim 16, wherein at least one of the output and transfer speed of the heat source is controlled in order to control the solidification rate of the metal alloy material.

26. The process according to claim 16, wherein the spinner has a total strain (in / in) that is at least 50% smaller than the total strain of an identical spinner made of the same metal alloy material by casting.

27. The spinner has a minimum creep rate (×10) that is at least 50% lower than the minimum creep rate of an identical spinner made of the same metal alloy material by casting. -4 The process according to claim 16, having (in / in / hr).

28. The process according to claim 16, wherein the spinner has a corrosion penetration depth (μm) that is at least 20% lower than the corrosion penetration depth of an identical spinner made from the same metal alloy material by casting.

29. The process according to claim 16, wherein the spinner comprises a body having an upper wall having a through-opening, a lower wall, and a side wall extending between the upper wall and the lower wall, the side wall comprising a plurality of orifices.

30. The metal alloy material is Chromium in an amount of 25.0% to 40.0% by weight, Nickel in an amount of 15.0% to 25.0% by weight, Cobalt in an amount of 25.0% to 39.0% by weight, Tungsten in an amount of 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, Boron in an amount of 0.002% to 0.05% by weight, A quantity of carbon ranging from 0.1% to 1.0% by weight, A quantity of tantalum ranging from 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight, A quantity of zirconium ranging from 0.1% to 0.4% by weight, The process according to claim 16, comprising hafnium in an amount of 0.01% to 1.0% by weight.

31. The process according to claim 16, wherein the metal alloy material includes an anisotropic grain structure in the spinner, and the anisotropic grain structure includes columnar dendritic regions having an average grain size of about 50 μm to about 200 μm when measured across the width of the grain.

32. The process according to claim 16, wherein the metal alloy material includes an anisotropic grain structure in the spinner, and the anisotropic grain structure includes columnar dendritic regions having an average grain size of about 20 μm to about 200 μm when measured across the width of the grain.

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