Universal utilization method for power supply near the place of consumption including power storage using renewable energy sources and its applications

Abstract

The present invention relates to a universal application method for energy supply close to the place of consumption, including power storage, using renewable energy sources, and its use. This method is mainly applicable in the energy industry. The conversion from the use of fossil energy to renewable energy sources requires a new energy supply infrastructure. The supply from wind energy and solar energy as the main energy sources does not match the power demand in terms of the time frame, and the function of the power storage device becomes increasingly important. This universal application method achieves a new level of application quality, which is achieved through measures in terms of the method, for example, by storing the power supply that varies with a short reaction time to adapt to the network load based on a number of separately drivable lifting modules, using the potential energy in the structure, and at the same time doubling the floor area on the roof using solar cells and / or wind turbines. The essence of this application quality lies in the reliable supply of self-sufficient and network-integrated power near the place of consumption, without specific site requirements, and remote-operable, automatic, and reliable operation, high storage and distribution cycles with a very short reaction time, low auxiliary energy consumption, low operating costs, high environmental compatibility with high efficiency, and a long calendar service life almost equal to that of the structure, without self-discharge or electroshrinkage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a "Universal Method of Use and Its Application for a Power Source Near the Point of Consumption, Including Energy Storage, Using Renewable Energy Sources", which can be mainly used in the energy industry.

Background Art

[0002] The conversion from the use of fossil energy to renewable energy sources requires a new energy supply infrastructure. Each of the base load, middle load, and peak load power plants has hitherto carried out planned network load regulation, which has specifically been utilized by making appropriate reserves according to the demand for electricity. The supply capabilities of the main energy sources, wind energy and solar energy, do not temporarily match the electricity demand. Therefore, on the one hand, to ensure the stability of the frequency, and on the other hand, for functional reasons of supplying the required amount of electricity throughout the day and night, the importance of energy storage is increasing.

[0003] The requirements for available energy storage technologies are high. In addition to economic efficiency, safety, environmental compatibility, and long life, the technical requirements for the energy efficiency of the energy storage system are dominant. This includes energy storage capacity, energy density, energy storage period, response time, cycle stability, and efficiency because the profit obtained from the ratio of effort to benefit (from the incoming electricity price to the outgoing electricity price) offsets the costs of the structure and operation of the energy storage.

[0004] Except for superconducting coils or capacitors in special applications, electrical energy cannot be stored directly and requires conversion into a storable energy form, which necessarily incurs additional losses. According to the prior art, potential energy, electrochemical energy, kinetic energy, chemical energy, and thermal energy have been established as intermediate storage in each special conversion process. As a result, differences arise in terms of the possible capacity, storage period, whether it can be used for standby, short-term or long-term storage, and how quickly it can respond to load fluctuations with high cycle stability. Differences also occur in terms of whether there are special site requirements in pumped storage power plants or compressed air power plants, or whether storage facilities can be installed near important network nodes.

[0005] Driven by e-mobility as well, the development of the storage of electrochemical energy in batteries or accumulators is at a high level. The advantages of automatic, efficient operation with a relatively high energy density and short response time are clouded by self-discharge, limited charge cycles, and high raw material costs, and the economic viability on an industrial scale is questioned. Also, the disposal of used batteries, or rather the ability to recycle them, has not yet been solved when the scale is large.

[0006] In the "Power to Gas" process, energy is chemically stored in the calorific value of hydrogen, which is produced alongside oxygen by adding water and electricity during electrolysis. Whether this is further converted into synthetic methane in a hydrogenation process, directly in a fuel cell, or in a power process depends on the planned application. However, at least 50% of the input electricity can no longer be converted back, and this technology remains questionable as a pure electrical energy storage without the coupling of heat and power.

[0007] The focus of the research is on the so-called "Carnot battery" (Physic Journal 14(2015) No. 2), which is predicted to utilize thermal energy with high efficiency for intermediate storage. When there is an excess supply of electricity, it is assumed that a heat pump process absorbs work and heat at a low temperature level to load a special high-temperature heat accumulator, and then supplies the latent heat of vaporization to a power process when electricity is required to meet the load (European Patent No. 1987299 B1, 2007). In addition to the inevitable temperature gradient when loading and unloading the high-temperature heat accumulator and the cost essential for providing a low-temperature heat source, a high standby loss occurs in this steam power generation process in order to keep the steam power generation process operating. As the heat storage time becomes longer, the start-up time becomes longer, resulting in a decrease in the response speed, and the efficiency decreases due to self-discharge, so the availability is limited.

[0008] Compressed air power plants use excess power to compress air and store it in underground caves. The pressure gradient generated by the compressor increases the potential energy, which drives a turbine to reconvert electricity when the pressure expands. The principle is simple. If the air is preheated before expansion, the efficiency can be improved by the stored compressed heat. This can be industrially and efficiently adopted, for example, in leachable salt domes if the geology of the land permits, because this requires a very large and pressure-resistant storage volume.

[0009] The mainstream of large-scale power storage technology is pumped-storage power plants, which utilize the change in the potential energy of water between an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir. It can be made available quickly, has a very high efficiency due to short on and switching times, and there is almost no power storage loss except for system friction, water loss due to evaporation or infiltration, and waste heat due to electrical conversion. However, using this requires a significant intervention in the landscape in special terrains, so this type of electrical storage is still limited.

[0010] The energy storage based on potential energy by lifting rock masses hydraulically as described in the German Patent Specification No. 10 2010 034 757 B4 raises the lifting weight to a high position, but a safe seal between the lifting cylinder and the ground is essential, which is difficult to implement. In case of failure, the rock mass sinks to the ground and the displaced water overflows to the surroundings.

[0011] The pumped-storage power generation system as proposed in the German Patent Specification No. 10 2007 057 323 A1 also temporarily stores electricity using potential energy, which is done by mechanically raising (loading) or lowering (unloading) a weight using a hoist, which is a principle that clockmakers have long used to operate tower clocks. The idea of sinking large masses deep underground and using existing disused mine shafts is reasonable, but there are limitations for application to former mining sites. The combination of the mine shaft and the lifting device, barring exceptional site conditions, meets most of the requirements of energy storage technology as long as the dewatering costs over the service life of the storage facility do not significantly reduce its revenue.

[0012] Due to large turbines that were able to smooth out frequency fluctuations with rotor mass being gradually removed from the network, the functional importance of energy storage is increasing steadily. However, due to network charges, levies, taxes, self-consumption and levies, the market and revenue situation of energy storage operators is also severe. The legal framework is constantly changing, long-term financial planning is difficult and high flexibility is required.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0013] Suppose an expert in overhead energy technology knows all the advantages and disadvantages of energy storage technologies and knows how to improve efficiency and is aware of economic constraints and the site conditions of individual variants. However, the prior art lacks solutions to the fundamental requirements of the problems of the present invention. These are as follows.

[0014] · Flexible site selection considering urban development guidelines, consumer-oriented power generation using renewable energy sources with stable frequency, enabling independent operation and / or network-connected operation, and flexible site selection for power supply

[0015] · Enabling change of operation mode for flexible adaptation to market and revenue situation changes, and

[0016] · High system utilization rate consistently and long calendar life, and

[0017] · High operation reliability with low probability of damage, and

[0018] · Very short response time by using small-scale and adjustable power supply to match network load, and

[0019] · Automatic and remotely controllable operation with a large number of charge-discharge cycles without self-discharge, and

[0020] · High environmental compatibility (complete recyclability) during manufacturing, use and disassembly, and

[0021] · Low operation cost with low auxiliary energy consumption and It is.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0022] According to the invention of the present application, its object is essentially achieved by the features of the characterizing parts of claims 1 to 7. A method for electrical supply near the place of consumption, including power storage, using a renewable energy source and its application achieve a new quality of application, which, through methodological measures, is based on a number of individually controllable lifting modules to store a power supply that varies with a short response time for network load adjustment, utilize the potential energy in a protected building, and at the same time double - utilize the bottom area through solar cells and / or wind turbines. This is a safe, self - sufficient, network - integrated power supply close to the consumer using a renewable energy source, without specific site requirements.

[0023] As is well known, mechanical pumped - storage power generation utilizes potential energy to temporarily store electricity in a highly efficient and self - discharging - free manner. The loss per cycle is less than 10% for power conversion and friction. Instead of moving a heavy pumped - storage facility into a limited - depth and old mine shaft, if the lifting height is reduced to the form of a structure, it becomes location - independent. For the same capacity, the number of lifting modules and the necessary space related to them will increase significantly. Also, since a large installation area is essential for a solar power generation system, it cannot be double - used except on the roof. With a properly designed tall structure, power storage and power generation can be provided in a space - saving and efficient manner, and a load - dependent power supply can be provided for a variable energy source.

[0024] The lifting module 4 consists of a winch, with a weight suspended at the end of a rope or chain, which moves up and down according to the operation of the motor / generator. Each module interacts with the network as an individually controllable individual cell, has its own power conversion unit using a data - bus connection, and supplies or extracts power within seconds according to requirements. Rope and chain winches are at a high technical level because of the structure of elevators and cranes. By combining modern control and regulation technologies with a mechanism developed through repeated trial and error, it has become a flexible power storage technology that will continue to exist even 100 years later in terms of efficiency and handling.

[0025] From an economic perspective, there are various options for load-resistant power sources using variable energy sources, including energy storage, which affects production costs. For the same energy storage capacity, both the lifting height and the lifting weight of individual modules determine the required floor space. The choice of material (whether it consists of iron with a weight of 7.8 t / m 3 or concrete with a weight of 2.4 t / m 3 or a container filled with water with a weight of 1 t / m 3 ) determines the number of lifting modules and thus the price. As for the structure, is a clad steel structure sufficient, or does it have to be a strong concrete structure that must conform to the urban planning context in terms of height and design? Due to these factors, in addition to the price advantage of using a large number of the same lifting modules at each location, the price variation can be significant. By double-using the floor space for the energy storage part and solar cells on the roof and optionally on the south wall, the profit situation can be improved through mixed calculations, and it supplies its own electricity, which can be increased by wind turbines at the corners of the structure. Also, if there is a biomass power plant nearby waiting as a backup during calm periods, it can be started according to the stored energy and weather conditions. The presence of a large number of individually controllable lifting modules ensures frequency stability according to the load. That is, it means that the power network maintains functional reliability even with variable renewable energy sources, whether operating independently or within the network. This point is an important prerequisite for future flexible power supply without fossil energy sources or nuclear energy sources.

[0026] This universal method of utilization and its application for a power source close to the place of consumption, including power storage, using this renewable energy source, also meet other requirements. It does not require terrain specific to the region and can flexibly adapt to changes in market and production volume conditions. This is because power storage, solar cells, and wind power generation can operate depending on or independently of each other according to market conditions. As a result, automatic, safe, remotely controllable operation, large power storage, and draw cycles with a very short response time are all possible without self-discharge and voltage shrinkage, with low auxiliary energy consumption, low operating costs, high efficiency, high environmental compatibility, and a long service life almost equal to that of a structure, along with subsequent complete recyclability.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 shows the principle of a universal method of utilization and its application for a power source close to the place of consumption, including power storage, using a renewable energy source.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0028] Depending on the storage capacity planned based on financial considerations, a number of individually controllable lifting modules 4 are installed in the structure 1, which are connected to the central computer-aided control device 5 by power lines 11 and data bus lines 12. The input current reaches the central computer-aided control device 5 via the power line 11, which comes from the surplus power from the solar cells 6 on the roof 2 or the south side 3, the wind turbine 7, the biomass power plant 8, or the network 9. Depending on the operating mode, it is possible to be self-sufficient as an island network or to be remotely controlled 10 by the network operator within the network. The central computer-aided control device 5 can flexibly program whether to transfer the input streams from 6, 7 and / or 8 as output via the network 9 for billing according to market and production volume conditions, or to temporarily store a part via the lifting module 4 so that the profit can be increased when the load decreases later. The same applies to the cheap surplus power from the network. This is a particularly important skill for operators during the transition period to renewable energy supply. This means that even without the large rotor mass of the turbine, each network can operate automatically, with a long service life and consistently efficiently and stably at a frequency. The above problems are thus completely solved. The universal usage method of this application is particularly suitable when the load fluctuations of railway operation are severe, such as during the power supply at the start or braking of the E-lock. Since it is installed near the railway network, there are no requirements other than the necessary floor space.

[0029] In a structure where neither topographical conditions, such as those for a pumped-storage power plant, nor geological conditions, such as those for a compressed air power plant that depends on a leachable salt dome for pressure storage, are required, by combining power storage, control, and on-site power generation using renewable energy sources in one location, a highly reliable, flexible, long-lasting, and efficient power supply can be utilized for solar cells in an appropriate size without the need for additional space. Also, in the case of a building with a steel structure, its physical value will increase, if possible, even after 100 years of use. Another option is to utilize the cavity up to the ground surface with an appropriate large-scale lifting structure for power storage and solar cells instead of filling it with water for the fire extinguishing equipment of an old open-pit lignite mine.

Explanation of symbols

[0030] 1 Structure 2 Roof 3 South side 4 Lifting module 5 Central computer-aided control device 6 Solar cell 7 Wind turbine 8 Biomass power plant 9 Network 10 Remote control 11 Power line 12 Data bus line

Claims

1. A universal method of use and its application for a power source close to consumers, including power storage, using renewable energy sources, consisting of well-known technical methods for the use of potential energy by pumped storage power plants, the use of solar energy by solar cells, the use of wind energy by wind turbines, and the use of biomass by thermal power plants, and the technical methods interact with the power network and / or the self-sufficient power network, in the method and its application, a) The lifting height of the lifting storage facility is determined by the structural form permitted locally, b) The total lifting load resulting from the planned power storage capacity and the lifting height is divided into individual lifting modules (4), c) The lifting module (4) consists of a winch operating as a motor / generator and a vertically guided lifting weight connected to the winch by a rope or chain, d) Each lifting module (4) is equipped with its own power conversion unit and is individually controlled via a data bus connection, e) The individual size of the lifting module (4) is determined in a cost-optimized manner by a comparative evaluation of the selection of the material for the lifting weight and the standardized mass continuous production of the winch, f) The space surrounding the pumped storage power plant related to cost is determined by the selectable area-height ratio of the lifting module weight, g) The number of lifting modules (4) determines the floor space requirements of the structure (1) of the pumped storage power plant, h) The bottom area of the structure (1) is doubled by a sunny location on the roof (2), and the south side (3) is also utilized by solar cells, i) It can be used universally near the consumption area without geological, specific, or topographical location requirements, j) By making it modular, a universal scale of power storage capacity is achieved while maintaining the same efficiency, k) Using data bus control, the power conversion performed separately by each lifting module (4) is directly connected to the network (9) adjusted by the central computer-assisted control device (5), l) By controlling the lifting module (4) individually from the central computer-aided control device (5) via the data bus, the network load is adjusted in a few seconds, flexibly, accurately, remotely controllable, and automatically adjusted, which is adjusted in the range of 0 to 100% of the storage capacity by a modifiable input current amount. m) Whether it is from the solar cell (6), the wind turbine (7), the biomass power plant (8), or the surplus power from the self-generation or the network (9), the electricity is stored in the lifting module (4) according to the type and flexibly returned according to the network tariffs, levies, taxes, self-consumption, or the market and production volume situation regarding the levies. n) Since the number of lifting modules (4) is large, high operating reliability is ensured even if an individual module fails. A method or its application, characterized by the above.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the local power generation amount, wind energy is utilized by a wind turbine at an appropriate location on the roof or the structure (1).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in order to cut through a longer pause in the energy source, the bottleneck of electricity is compensated for stabilization by a switchable thermal power biomass power plant controlled by the weather.

4. The method according to any one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that environmental pollution is minimized because it has a highly efficient, recyclable configuration and materials until the end of its life.

5. The method according to any one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that high variability in terms of money for each case is achieved in terms of dimensions and materials by the selection of the lifting height, the qualitative requirements for each structure (1), and the dimension setting of the individual modules.

6. The method according to any one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it can be started without additional auxiliary energy and the charged state is maintained without loss when not in use.

7. The method according to any one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that while a part of the pumped-storage power plant adjusts the load of the network, surplus electricity is stored in other parts at the same time.

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