Reversible Crosslinked Coating for Conductors and Process

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a coated conductor. In one embodiment, the coated conductor includes a conductor and a coating on the conductor. The coating is composed of a crosslinked composition formed from a starting material including an ethylene-based polymer and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide (BiTEMPS) methacrylate. Thereby, a coating composed of a crosslinked composition including (i) an ethylene-based polymer and a bond having structure (2) is obtained. 【Chemical 1】 JPEG2025522969000015.jpg27170

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is a major material for the insulation layer in power cables. For the manufacture of medium-voltage and high-voltage cables, XLPE is typically produced by extruding molten low density polyethylene (LDPE) together with a peroxide onto a metal conductor, and then heating the coated conductor to thermally activate the peroxide to initiate free radical crosslinking of the LDPE. Such peroxide-initiated crosslinking requires an energy-intensive post-extrusion treatment apparatus. A post-extrusion apparatus is required to heat the coated conductor as it exits the extrusion die. A post-extrusion apparatus is required to cool the coated conductor from a high crosslinking temperature to ambient temperature. A post-extrusion apparatus is required to degas the coated conductor after it has been cooled to remove crosslinking by-products.

[0002] Efforts to replace XLPE with an uncrosslinked insulating material (thereby reducing equipment costs) have been insufficient to supply a polyethylene that can meet the mechanical and insulation performance of XLPE because the stress applied to the insulation layer in the power cable environment is substantial. XLPE provides thermo-mechanical integrity at high temperatures. XPLE can withstand mechanical stress at service temperatures (which can be 90 °C or higher).

[0003] In the art, there is a recognized need for a crosslinked polyethylene insulating material suitable for use in power cable applications that is reprocessable, reusable, or otherwise recyclable.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure relates to a coated conductor. In one embodiment, the coated conductor includes a conductor and a coating on the conductor. The coating is composed of a crosslinked composition formed from starting materials including an ethylene-based polymer and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide (BiTEMPS) methacrylate. Thereby, a coating composed of a crosslinked composition including (i) an ethylene-based polymer and a bond having the following structure (2) is obtained.

[0005]

Chemical formula

[0006] The present disclosure provides a process. In one embodiment, the process includes providing a coating from a coated conductor. The coating is composed of (i) an ethylene-based polymer and (ii) a crosslinked composition composed of a bond having structure (2).

[0007]

Chemical formula

[0008] The coating is formed from starting materials of an ethylene-based polymer and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide (BiTEMPS) methacrylate. The process includes heating the coating to a reprocessing temperature and forming the coating into a reprocessable ethylene-based polymer composition at the reprocessing temperature. The process includes shaping the reprocessable ethylene-based composition into a reprocessed preform at the reprocessing temperature. The process includes cooling the reprocessed preform to below the reprocessing temperature and forming a second article composed of a re-crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition including (i) an ethylene-based polymer and (ii) a bond having structure (2).

[0009] Definitions All references to the Periodic Table of the Elements in this specification shall refer to the Periodic Table of the Elements published and copyrighted in 2003 by CRC Press, Inc. Also, any reference to a group shall be to the group reflected in the Periodic Table of the Elements for that element using the IUPAC system for numbering the groups. Unless otherwise stated, unless implied from the context, or unless not customary in the art, all parts and percentages are by weight. For the purposes of U.S. patent practice, the contents of any patent, patent application, or publication referred to in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety (or the equivalent U.S. version thereof is so incorporated by reference).

[0010] The numerical ranges disclosed in this specification include all values (including the boundary values) from the lower limit value to the upper limit value. In the case of a range containing explicit values (e.g., a range of 1 or 2 or 3 to 5 or 6 or 7), any sub-range between the two explicit values is included (e.g., the above range of 1 to 7 includes sub-ranges such as 1 to 2, 2 to 6, 5 to 7, 3 to 7, 5 to 6, etc.).

[0011] Unless otherwise stated, unless implied from the context, or unless not customary in the art, all parts and percentages are by weight and all test methods are the latest as of the filing date of this disclosure.

[0012] As used herein, the term "composition" refers to a mixture of materials that includes the composition, as well as reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition.

[0013] The terms "comprising", "including", "having" and their derivatives are not intended to exclude the presence of any additional constituent, step, or procedure, whether or not specifically disclosed. To avoid any doubt, all compositions claimed through the use of the term "comprising" may include any additional additive, adjuvant, or compound, whether polymeric or otherwise, unless there is a contradictory description. In contrast, the term "consisting essentially of" excludes any other constituent, step, or procedure from the scope of any subsequent description, except for those that are not essential to the operation. The term "consisting of" excludes any constituent, step, or procedure not specifically depicted or listed.

[0014] "Conductor" is one or more wires or one or more fibers for conducting heat, light and / or electricity at any voltage (DC, AC, or transient). The conductor may be a single wire / fiber or multiple wires / fibers, and may be in a stranded form or a tubular form. Non-limiting examples of suitable conductors include various metals such as carbon, silver, gold, copper, aluminum, etc. The conductor may also be an optical fiber made of either glass or plastic. The conductor may or may not be covered by a protective sheath. The conductor may be a single cable or a plurality of cables (i.e., cable cores or cores) bundled together. "Cable" and "power cable" refer to at least one conductor within a sheath. "Wire" refers to a single-stranded conductive metal, such as copper or aluminum, or a single-stranded optical fiber. Typically, a cable is often two or more wires or optical fibers joined together within a common insulating coating and / or protective jacket. The individual wires or fibers inside the sheath can be bare, coated, or insulated. A combination cable can contain both electrical wires and optical fibers. If the cable is a power cable, the cable can be designed for low voltage, medium voltage, and / or high voltage applications. If the cable is an electrical communication cable, the cable can be designed for telephone, local area network (LAN) / data, coaxial CATV, coaxial RF cable, or fiber optic cable.

[0015] "Ethylene polymer" is a polymer that contains more than 50 mol% of polymerized ethylene monomer (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers) and optionally may contain at least one comonomer. Ethylene polymers include ethylene homopolymers and ethylene copolymers (meaning units derived from ethylene and one or more comonomers). The terms "ethylene polymer" and "polyethylene" may be used synonymously. Non-limiting examples of ethylene polymers (polyethylene) include low density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear polyethylene. Non-limiting examples of linear polyethylene include linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), ethylene / α-olefin multiblock copolymers (also known as olefin block copolymers (OBC)), substantially linear or linear plastomers / elastomers, and high density polyethylene (HDPE). Generally, polyethylene can be produced using heterogeneous catalyst systems such as Ziegler-Natta catalysts, Group 4 transition metals and metallocenes, homogeneous catalyst systems containing ligand structures such as non-metallocene metal centers, heteroaryls, heterovalent aryloxyethers, phosphine imines, etc., and others, in gas phase, fluidized bed reactor, liquid phase slurry process reactor, or liquid phase solution process reactor. Combinations of heterogeneous and / or homogeneous catalysts can also be used in either a single reactor or a multi-reactor configuration.

[0016] "Ethylene plastomer / elastomer" is a unit derived from ethylene and at least one C3-C 10It is a substantially linear or linear ethylene / α-olefin interpolymer containing a uniform short-chain branching distribution comprising units derived from an α-olefin comonomer. The ethylene plastomer / elastomer has a density of 0.854 g / cc to 0.920 g / cc. Non-limiting examples of ethylene plastomers / elastomers include AFFINITY™ polyolefin plastomers and ENGAGE™ polyolefin elastomers (available from The Dow Chemical Company), EXACT™ plastomers (available from ExxonMobil Chemical), Tafmer™ alpha olefin copolymers (available from Mitsui), Solumer™ polyolefin elastomers and Supreme™ polyolefin elastomers (available from SK Chemicals Co.), and Lucene™ polyolefin elastomers (available from LG Chem Ltd.).

[0017] "High density polyethylene" (or "HDPE") is an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene / α-olefin copolymer containing at least one C4 - C 10 α-olefin comonomer or a C4 - C8 α-olefin comonomer, and has a density of 0.940 g / cc, or 0.945 g / cc, or 0.950 g / cc, or 0.953 g / cc to 0.955 g / cc, or 0.960 g / cc, or 0.965 g / cc, or 0.970 g / cc, or 0.975 g / cc, or 0.980 g / cc. HDPE may be a unimodal copolymer or a multimodal copolymer. A "unimodal ethylene copolymer" is an ethylene / C4 - C 10 α-olefin copolymer having one distinct peak in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showing the molecular weight distribution. A "multimodal ethylene copolymer" is an ethylene / C4 - C 10It is an α-olefin copolymer. Examples of multimodality include copolymers having two peaks (bimodality) and copolymers having three or more peaks. Non-limiting examples of HDPE include DOW™ high density polyethylene (HDPE) resin (commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company), ELITE™ enhanced polyethylene resin (commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company), CONTINUUM™ bimodal polyethylene resin (commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company), LUPOLEN™ (commercially available from LyondellBasell), and HDPE products from Borealis, Ineos, and ExxonMobil.

[0018] As used herein, the term “linear low density polyethylene” (or “LLDPE”) refers to a linear ethylene / α-olefin copolymer containing units derived from ethylene and units derived from at least one C3-C 10 α-olefin, or C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer, having a heterogeneous short chain branch distribution. LLDPE is characterized by having little to no long chain branching, in contrast to conventional LDPE. LLDPE has a density of from 0.910 g / cc to less than 0.940 g / cc. Non-limiting examples of LLDPE include TUFLIN™ linear low density polyethylene resin (available from The Dow Chemical Company), DOWLEX™ polyethylene resin (available from the Dow Chemical Company), and MARLEX™ polyethylene (available from Chevron Phillips).

[0019] The term "low density polyethylene" (or "LDPE") is sometimes referred to as "high pressure ethylene polymer" or "highly branched polyethylene", and is an ethylene homopolymer, typically produced by high pressure free radical polymerization (≥ 100 MPa (e.g., 100 - 400 MPa), in a tubular reactor or autoclave reactor using a free radical initiator). LDPE resins typically have a density in the range of 0.915 g / cc to less than 0.940 g / cc. LDPE is different from LLDPE.

[0020] "Jacket" is the outermost covering of a conductor. If the conductor includes a single covering, the covering may function as both a jacket and an insulator on the conductor.

[0021] As used herein, an "olefin polymer" or "polyolefin" is a polymer that contains (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers) more than 50 mole percent polymerized olefin monomers and may optionally contain at least one comonomer. Non-limiting examples of olefin polymers include ethylene polymers and propylene polymers.

[0022] "Polymer" is a compound prepared by polymerizing monomers, whether of the same or different types, that provide a plurality of and / or repeating "units" or "structural units" that make up the polymer in a polymerized form. Thus, the general term "polymer" encompasses the term "homopolymer", which is commonly used to refer to a polymer prepared from only one type of monomer, and the term "copolymer", which is commonly used to refer to a polymer prepared from at least two types of monomers. It also encompasses all forms of copolymers, such as random and block copolymers. The terms "ethylene / α-olefin polymer" and "propylene / α-olefin polymer" refer to the above-mentioned copolymers prepared by polymerizing ethylene or propylene and one or more additional polymerizable α-olefin monomers, respectively. Polymers are often referred to as being "made from" one or more specified monomers, such as being "based on" a specified monomer or type of monomer and "containing" a specified monomer content. In this context, it should be noted that the term "monomer" is understood to refer to the polymerized residue of the specified monomer and not to non-polymerized species. Generally, the polymers herein are referred to as being based on "units" that are the polymerized form of the corresponding monomers.

[0023] "Sheath" is a general term and, when used in relation to a cable, includes an insulating coating or layer, a protective jacket, and the like.

[0024] Test Methods Density was measured in accordance with ASTM D792, and the results were reported in g / cc at 25°C.

[0025] Dielectric constant. The dielectric constant was measured in accordance with ASTM D150-22 using a Guideline High Voltage Capacitance Bridge at 2000 V on a nominally 50 mil plaque at temperatures from 23 to 130°C.

[0026] Dissipation Factor. The dissipation factor was measured using a Guideline High Voltage Capacitance Bridge at 2000 V on a nominally 50-mil plaque at temperatures from 23 to 130 °C in accordance with ASTM D150-22. The results are reported in radians.

[0027] Mechanical properties, (storage shear modulus and loss shear modulus (G’ and G’’)), were measured on a nominally 75-mil thick plaque at both 130 °C and 180 °C at 0.25% strain at 10 -1 ~10 2 radians per second (rad / s) using an ARES strain-controlled oscillatory shear rheometer with a 1-inch diameter parallel plate fixture. tanδ is the ratio of G’’ to G’.

[0028] The melt index (MI or I2) (for ethylene polymers) was measured in accordance with ASTM D 1238 at 190 °C / 2.16 kg and the results are reported in grams per 10 minutes (g / 10 min).

[0029] Rheological analysis was performed using a Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA). The rheology of the composition was measured using an Alpha Technologies RPA 2000 instrument, a rotorless oscillatory shear rheometer, in accordance with ASTM D6204 based on the following test conditions and exceptions. The sample was placed between two Mylar films for analysis. Rheology was monitored during an initial 60-minute timed test at 180 °C, 1.0 rad / s, 7% strain. The elastic torque S’ at the end of the 60-minute (min) crosslinking process was recorded. Immediately after 60 minutes at 160 °C, a frequency sweep from 0.1 to 300 rad / s was performed on the same sample at 180 °C, 7% strain, followed by a frequency sweep from 0.1 to 300 rad / s at 190 °C, 7% strain, and then a frequency sweep from 0.1 to 300 rad / s at 230 °C, 7% strain. Dynamic complex viscosity η *、and tan delta were recorded for each frequency sweep. In ASTM D6204, the frequency sweep for uncured rubber is performed before the curing process. In this case, the frequency sweep was performed after the first crosslinking step at 180 °C to evaluate the reversibility of crosslinking.

[0030] The volume resistivity was measured using a Hewlett-Packard High Resistance Meter at 23 °C and 500 V on a nominally 50 mil plaque according to ASTM D257-14. The results are reported in ohms per centimeter (ohm / cm).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] The present disclosure provides a coated conductor. The coated conductor includes a conductor and a coating on the conductor. The coating is composed of a crosslinked composition formed from a starting material comprising (i) an ethylene-based polymer, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide (BiTEMPS methacrylate), and optionally an additive.

[0032] A. Coated Conductor The coating is on the conductor. The coating can be one or more inner layers such as an insulating layer. The coating can entirely or partially cover the conductor, or otherwise surround or enclose it. The coating can be the only component surrounding the conductor. When the coating is the only component surrounding the conductor, the coating can function as a jacket and / or insulator. In one embodiment, the coating is an insulating layer on the coated conductor. Alternatively, the coating can be an outermost layer such as a jacket or sheath that encloses the conductor (and an internal insulating layer).

[0033] In one embodiment, the coating is in direct contact with the conductor. As used herein, the term "in direct contact with" means a coating configuration where the coating is disposed directly adjacent to the conductor, the coating touches the conductor, and no intervening layer, intervening coating, and / or intervening structure exists between the coating and the conductor.

[0034] Alternatively, the coating is in indirect contact with the conductor. As used herein, the term "in indirect contact" refers to a coating configuration in which an intervening layer, intervening coating, or intervening structure is present between the coating and the conductor. Non-limiting examples of suitable intervening layers, intervening coatings, and intervening structures include insulating layers, moisture barriers, buffer tubes, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable insulating layers include foamed insulating layers, thermoplastic insulating layers, cross-linked insulating layers, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the coating is in indirect contact with the conductor, the coating is in indirect contact with an insulating layer, or the semiconductor layer surrounds the conductor.

[0035] B. Ethylene-based polymers The coating is formed from a crosslinkable polymer composition (synonymously referred to as "starting material") comprising an ethylene-based polymer. The ethylene-based polymer can be an ethylene homopolymer, an ethylene / C3-C 10 α-olefin copolymer, or an ethylene C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer. The ethylene-based polymer has a melt index (MI) of 0.1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, or 1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, or 1 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, or 1 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, or 1 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min, or 1 g / 10 min to 5 g / 10 min. Non-limiting examples of suitable ethylene-based polymers include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and combinations thereof.

[0036] In one embodiment, the ethylene-based polymer is an LDPE ethylene homopolymer and has one, several, or all of the following properties: a density of 0.910 g / cc to 0.940 g / cc, or 0.912 g / cc to 0.935 g / cc, and / or A melt index (MI) of 0.1 to 100. Non-limiting examples of suitable LDPEs include those made from autoclave or tubular process technologies. One preferred polymer is high pressure low density polyethylene (LDPE). The high pressure process is typically a free radical initiated polymerization carried out in a tubular reactor or a stirred autoclave. In a stirred autoclave, the pressure is in the range of 10,000 to 30,000 psi (70 to 210 kPa) and the temperature is in the range of 175 to 250 °C. In a tubular reactor, the pressure is in the range of 25,000 to 45,000 psi (170 to 310 kPa) and the temperature is in the range of 200 to 350 °C.

[0037] C. Free radical initiator The crosslinkable polymer composition having a coating contains a free radical initiator. In one embodiment, the free radical initiator is an organic peroxide. Non-limiting examples of suitable organic peroxides include bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl) peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethylperoxy)hexyne, 4,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethylperoxy)valeric acid, butyl ester, 1,1-bis(1,1-dimethylethylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, di-tert-amyl peroxide (DTAP), bis(α-t-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)benzene (BIPB), isopropylcumyl t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexyne-3, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, isopropylcumylcumyl peroxide, butyl 4,4-di(tert-butylperoxy)valerate, di(isopropylcumyl) peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and combinations thereof.

[0038] In one embodiment, the free radical initiator is dicumyl peroxide.

[0039] In some embodiments, the crosslinkable polymer composition having the coating comprises a curing package including a free radical initiator and optionally an auxiliary agent. Examples of free radical initiators include dicumyl peroxide, bis(alpha-t-butyl-peroxyisopropyl) benzene, isopropylcumyl t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane-3, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, isopropylcumyl cumyl peroxide, di(isopropylcumyl) peroxide, and mixtures of two or more such initiators. The free radical initiator is typically used in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt%, more typically 0.5 to 3 wt%, and even more typically 1 to 2.5 wt% based on the weight of the composition. Various curing auxiliary agents (and accelerators or retarders) can be used in combination with the peroxide initiator, including triallyl isocyanurate, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, alpha-methylstyrene dimer (AMSD), and other auxiliary agents described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,346,961 and 4,018,852. The auxiliary agent, when used, is typically used in an amount of greater than 0 (e.g., 0.01) to 3, more typically 0.1 to 0.5, and even more typically 0.2 to 0.4 wt% based on the weight of the composition.

[0040] D.BiTEMPS methacrylate The crosslinkable polymer composition having the coating comprises 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide, which is synonymously referred to as "BiTEMPS methacrylate" or "BiTEMPS" or "BiT". BiTEMPS methacrylate disulfide has the following Structure 1.

[0041]

Chemical formula

[0042] In one embodiment, the crosslinkable composition comprises 70 wt% to 98.5 wt%, or 77 wt% to 98.5 wt% of an ethylene-based polymer, 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, or 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, or 0.1 wt% to 3.0 wt%, or 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt%, or 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% of a free radical initiator which is an organic peroxide (such as dicumyl peroxide, etc.), and 1 wt% to 20 wt%, or 1 wt% to 15 wt%, or 2 wt% to 20 wt%, or 2 wt% to 10 wt% of BiTEMPS methacrylate. It is understood that the aggregate of the ethylene-based polymer, the free radical initiator, and BiTEMPS methacrylate disulfide (and optional additives) amounts to 100 wt% of the crosslinkable polymer composition.

[0043] The crosslinked composition of the conductor coating is formed from the crosslinkable polymer composition. The crosslinkable polymer composition is melt blended at a temperature of 100°C to 250°C, or 120°C to 210°C, or 140°C to 210°C, or 140°C to 190°C to cause a crosslinking reaction and form a crosslinked composition. In one embodiment, the crosslinked composition comprises an ethylene-based polymer and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide (BiTEMPS methacrylate). The crosslinked composition contains disulfide bonds formed from BiTEMPS methacrylate by the crosslinking reaction, and the disulfide bonds have the following Structure 2.

[0044]

Chemical formula

[0045] The term "P" (and structure) in the above structure 2 refers to the chain of polymerized ethylene (and optional comonomer) of the ethylene-based polymer. The ethylene-based polymer of the crosslinked composition can be any ethylene-based polymer having an MI of 0.1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, as disclosed previously herein. Non-limiting examples of suitable ethylene-based polymers include ethylene / α-olefin interpolymers, high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and combinations thereof.

[0046] In one embodiment, the ethylene-based polymer is an unused ethylene-based polymer. As used herein, "unused ethylene-based polymer" is an ethylene-based polymer that has not been subjected to a crosslinking reaction. In other words, the term "unused ethylene-based polymer" refers to the ethylene-based polymer present in the crosslinked composition before the ethylene-based polymer is crosslinked with BiTEMPS methacrylate. The unused ethylene-based polymer is the ethylene-based polymer before crosslinking, and the crosslinked composition contains the same ethylene-based polymer that was unused but is now crosslinked with BiTEMPS methacrylate. In this way, the unused ethylene-based polymer serves as a baseline for evaluating the properties of the crosslinked composition. The crosslinked composition (i) has a storage modulus value G' at 130 °C that is greater than the shear storage modulus value G' of the unused ethylene-based polymer at 130 °C, and (ii) has a tan delta value at 130 °C that is less than the tan delta value of the unused ethylene-based polymer at 130 °C, and is formed as a coating as disclosed above.

[0047] In one embodiment, the crosslinked composition comprises 80 wt% to 97 wt% of an ethylene-based polymer and 2 wt% to 20 wt% of BiTEMPS methacrylate, and the aggregate of the ethylene-based polymer and BiTEMPS methacrylate (and optional additives) is 100 wt% of the crosslinked composition. The crosslinked composition in the coating (i) A shear storage modulus value G’ at 130 °C and 100 rad / s exceeding 100 kPa, and (ii) A shear storage modulus value G’ at 130 °C and 0.1 rad / s exceeding 10 kPa, and (iii) A tan delta value at 130 °C less than 0.60.

[0048] E. Blend components In one embodiment, the crosslinkable polymer composition and / or the crosslinked composition includes blend components. Non-limiting examples of suitable blend components include ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene other than an ethylene-based polymer crosslinked with BiTEMPS methacrylate, and polypropylene), polymers (e.g., polystyrene, ABS, SBS, etc.), and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyolefins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene (e.g., polybutene-1), polypentene-1, polyhexene-1, polyoctene-1, polydecene-1, poly-3-methylbutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, poly-1,5-hexadiene, interpolymers derived from olefins, interpolymers derived from olefins and other polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane, etc., and mixtures thereof.

[0049] Other examples of suitable blend components include functionalized ethylene polymers, which include ethylene polymers composed of (i) ethylene monomers, (ii) comonomers containing heteroatoms, and (iii) optional termonomers (which may or may not contain heteroatoms). Non-limiting examples of comonomers having heteroatoms include carbon monoxide, carboxylic acids, esters, alkyl acrylates having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, methacrylate esters having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, vinyl siloxanes having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and halogens. Non-limiting examples of suitable ethylene polymers include functionalized ethylene / carboxylic acid copolymers and metal salt partially neutralized ionomers derived therefrom, ethylene / acrylic acid copolymers (EAA), ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymers (EMAA), ethylene / vinyl(trimethoxy)silane copolymers (EVTMS), ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene / methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymers (EEA), ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymers (EBA), ethylene / carbon monoxide (ECO), ethylene / glycidyl methacrylate (E / GMA), ethylene / methyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene / butyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene / stearyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / stearyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene / octyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / 2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / dodecyl acrylate copolymers, polyvinylidene chloride (PVCD), ethylene / maleic anhydride copolymers (EMAH), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof.As further non-limiting examples of terpolymers, ethylene / carboxylic acid / acrylate terpolymers and metal salt partially neutralized ionomers derived therefrom, ethylene / methyl acrylate / vinyl(trimethoxy)silane terpolymer copolymer (EMAVTMS), ethylene / ethyl acrylate / vinyl(trimethoxy)silane terpolymer copolymer (EEAVTMS), ethylene / butyl acrylate / vinyl(trimethoxy)silane terpolymer copolymer (EBAVTMS), ethylene / methyl acrylate / glycidyl methacrylate (EMAGMA), ethylene / butyl acrylate / glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA), ethylene / vinyl acetate / maleic anhydride terpolymer (EEAMAH), and ethylene ethyl acrylate / maleic anhydride (EEAMAH) terpolymer may be mentioned.

[0050] In one embodiment, the polyolefin is a homopolymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene-1, poly-3-methylbutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, poly-1,5-hexadiene, polyhexene-1, polyoctene-1, and polydecene-1.

[0051] Non-limiting examples of polyethylene (other than ethylene polymers crosslinked with BITEMPS methacrylate) suitable as blend components include ultra-low density polyethylene (ULDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high molecular weight high density polyethylene (HMW-HDPE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of polypropylene include low density polypropylene (LDPP), high density polypropylene (HDPP), high-melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP), and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the blend component is high-melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP), low density polyethylene (LDPE), or a combination thereof.

[0052] F. Additives The crosslinkable polymer composition and / or the crosslinked composition may contain one or more optional additives. Non-limiting examples of suitable additives include graft initiators, crosslinking catalysts, blowing agents, blowing agent activators (e.g., zinc oxide, zinc stearate, etc.), auxiliaries (e.g., triallyl cyanurate), plasticizers, processing oils, processing aids, carbon black, colorants or pigments, stability control agents, nucleating agents, fillers, antioxidants, acid scavengers, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, flame retardants, lubricants, processing aids, extrusion aids, and combinations thereof. When present, the total amount of the additives can be more than 0% to 80%, or 0.001% to 70%, or 0.01% to 60%, or 0.1% to 50%, or 0.1% to 40%, or 0.1% to 20%, or 0.1% to 10%, or 0.1% to 5% of the total weight of the composition. Examples of fillers include, but are not limited to, clay, precipitated silica and silicate, fumed silica, calcium carbonate, crushed minerals, and carbon black having a typical arithmetic mean particle size greater than 15 nanometers.

[0053] BiTEMPS methacrylate is a "dynamic crosslinking agent". The dynamic crosslinking agent BiTEMPS methacrylate enables the formation of a crosslinked network with an ethylene-based polymer by disulfide bonds between the chains of the ethylene-based polymer (in the presence of a free radical initiator) to form a crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition. When the crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition is subjected to a "reprocessing temperature" which is a temperature of 160°C to 230°C, or 160°C to 200°C, the disulfide bonds can be broken, enabling chain mobility and exchange, so the crosslinking is dynamic. At the reprocessing temperature, the disulfide bonds in the crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition are broken, forming a reprocessable ethylene-based polymer composition. When the reprocessable ethylene-based composition is cooled below the reprocessing temperature, a re-crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition is formed.

[0054] The dynamic crosslinker BiTEMPS methacrylate enables periodic "reprocessing" for the secondary fabrication of new polymer articles. When the crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition is heated to the reprocessing temperature, the disulfide bonds are broken or otherwise cleaved, allowing the previously crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition to flow at the reprocessing temperature, forming a "reprocessable ethylene-based polymer composition". Heating to the reprocessing temperature enables crosslink breakage and polymer chain flow, allowing the ethylene-based composition to be readily remolded. At the reprocessing temperature, the reprocessable ethylene-based polymer composition is no longer crosslinked but rather is fluid, now enabling the molding and / or secondary fabrication of the fluid reprocessable ethylene-based composition (including BiTEMPS methacrylate) into a new preform or article. Cooling below the "reprocessing temperature" reforms the disulfide bonds, reconstructs the network, and forms a re-crosslinked ethylene-based composition in a new article configuration, returning to the high viscosity (non-flowing at room temperature) and resistance to mechanical deformation indicative of the crosslinked network. When the newly formed article of the reprocessable ethylene-based polymer composition is cooled below the reprocessing temperature, the disulfide bonds in the reprocessable ethylene-based polymer composition are reconstructed, and the ethylene-based polymer (including BiTEMPS methacrylate) becomes a re-crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition assuming the shape of the newly secondary fabricated article. Below the reprocessing temperature, the network disulfide bonds are stable, and the re-crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition exhibits the high viscosity indicative of the crosslinked network and resistance to mechanical deformation. This cycle of crosslinking / reprocessing / re-crosslinking and secondary fabrication into new articles can be repeated.

[0055] Although not bound by a particular theory, the number of "reprocessing" cycles that are possible using the present crosslinked ethylene-based composition (before competing heat and oxidative permanent crosslinking occur and prevent further reprocessing) can be determined by calculating the ratio of the melt viscosities of the crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition before and after the reprocessing cycle. For a crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition that is reprocessable, the ratio of the viscosity after reprocessing to the viscosity before reprocessing is from 0.5 to 5, or from 0.7 to 3, or from 0.9 to 2, or from 0.95 to 1.2.

[0056] Another measurement criterion for monitoring the number of "reprocessing" cycles that are possible using the BiTEMPS methacrylate dynamic crosslinking agent before competing oxidative permanent crosslinking occurs is visual observation. A formed film that has been mechanically deformed is heated to the reprocessing temperature and visually inspected to determine whether the mechanically deformed film recovers to form a stable film.

[0057] The coating can be formed by melt blending. "Melt blending" is a process in which at least two components (i.e., the components of the crosslinkable polymer composition: ethylene-based polymer, peroxide, BiTEMPS methacrylate, and optional additives) are combined or otherwise mixed together and at least one of the components (ethylene-based polymer) is in a molten state. Melt blending can be achieved by batch mixing, extrusion blending, extrusion molding, and any combination thereof.

[0058] In one embodiment, the crosslinkable polymer composition is extruded onto a conductor to form a coating. The extruder has a crosshead die, which provides the desired layer (wall or coating) thickness. Non-limiting examples of extruders that can be used include a single-screw type modified with a crosshead die, a cooler, and a continuous winding device. A typical single-screw extruder can be described as having a hopper at its upstream end and a die at its downstream end. The hopper feeds into a barrel containing a screw. At the downstream end, there is a screen pack and a breaker plate between the end of the screw and the die. The screw portion of the extruder is considered to be divided into three sections: a feed section, a compression section, and a metering section, as well as a plurality of heating zones from a rear heating zone to a front heating zone associated with the plurality of sections from upstream to downstream. The length-to-diameter ratio of the barrel is from 16:1 to 30:1. A grooved barrel extruder or a twin-screw extruder can also be used in the core coating process. The extrusion process can be carried out at a temperature in the range from 80 °C, or 100 °C, or 120 °C, or 140 °C, or 160 °C, or 180 °C, or 200 °C, or 220 °C, or 240 °C, or 260 °C. The crosshead die distributes the melt-blended crosslinkable polymer composition into a flow channel so that the molten crosslinkable polymer composition exits at a uniform rate and is applied to the conductor. In this way, blending (melt blending) and extrusion are carried out in the same single extruder. The conductor passes through the center of the crosshead, and as it exits, a uniform layer of the molten crosslinkable polymer composition is circumferentially applied using either the pressure of the tube-on-touring or half-pressure.

[0059] One or more layers of the crosslinkable polymer composition can be applied as the corresponding one or more coating layers using a plurality of crossheads. The conductor (which has a melt crosslinkable polymer composition thereon and is hereinafter synonymously referred to as the "core") continues to move outside the die through the forming passage, and then the core is sufficiently cooled to prevent deformation of the crosslinkable polymer composition applied as the coating layer on the take-up reel and cure the crosslinkable polymer composition (optionally by passing the core through a water trough) to obtain a coated conductor composed of the coating composed of the crosslinked composition.

[0060] In one embodiment, the coating is an insulating layer on the conductor, the coating is composed only of the crosslinked composition, and the crosslinked composition is (i) 80% to 99.9% by weight, or 83% to 97% by weight of an ethylene-based polymer, (ii) a bond of Structure 2 (formed from 1% to 15% by weight, or 3% by weight of BiTEMPS methacrylate), (iii) 0% by weight, or 0.1% to 10% by weight, or 0.1% to 5% by weight of a free radical initiator, (iv) 0% by weight, or 0.1% to 1.0% by weight, or 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of an additive, comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of aggregates of an ethylene-based polymer and a bond of Structure 2 (formed from BiTEMPS methacrylate) (and optional additives), and these make up 100% by weight of the crosslinked composition.

[0061] In one embodiment, the coated conductor comprises a coating composed only of the crosslinked composition, and the crosslinked composition is (i) 80% to 99.9% by weight, or 83 to 97% by weight of an ethylene-based polymer which is an LDPE ethylene homopolymer having (a) a density of 0.910 g / cc to 0.940 g / cc, and / or (b) a melt index of 0.1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, ethylene-based polymer, (ii) Bonding of Structure 2 (formed from 0.5 wt% to 15 wt%, or 2.0 wt% to 15 wt% of BiTEMPS methacrylate), (iii) An additive which is 0 wt%, or 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% antioxidant, contains, consists essentially of, or consists of these, The crosslinked composition has one, several, or all of the following properties: (iv) 10 16 Ohm / cm to 10 20 Ohm / cm of the degassed volume resistivity at 23 °C, and / or (v) 10 15 Ohm / cm to 10 20 Ohm / cm of the non-degassed volume resistivity at 23 °C, and / or (vi) A dielectric constant of 2.20 to 2.70 at 23 °C, and / or (vii) A dielectric constant of 1.80 to 2.10 at 110 °C, and / or (viii) A dissipation factor of 0.0001 radian to 0.01 radian at 23 °C and 60 Hz, and / or (ix) A dissipation factor of 0.0001 radian to 0.01 radian at 110 °C and 60 Hz, and / or (x) 10 5 Pa to 10 7 Pa of G' at 130 °C and 100 rad / s, and / or (xi) 10 4 Pa to 10 7 Pa of G' at 130 °C and 100 rad / s, and / or (xii) A tan delta at 130 °C of 0 to 0.6.

[0062] In one embodiment, the coating contains carbon black and the coating is a semiconductive layer on the conductor.

[0063] In one embodiment, the coated conductor is selected from a fiber optic cable, a communication cable (such as a telephone cable, a local area network (LAN) cable, or a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) cable), a power cable, wiring for household electrical appliances, a charger wire for a mobile phone and / or a computer, a computer data code, a power cord, in-device wiring material, indoor wiring material, an accessory cord for a household electrical appliance, and any combination thereof.

[0064] The coating composed of the crosslinked composition may constitute two or more embodiments disclosed herein.

[0065] G. Process The present disclosure provides a process. In one embodiment, the process includes providing a coating from a coated conductor. The coating is a crosslinked composition composed of (i) an ethylene-based polymer, (ii) a bond of Structure 2 (formed from 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide (BiTEMPS methacrylate)), and (iii) optional additives. The process includes heating the coating to a reprocessing temperature. The process includes forming, at the reprocessing temperature, the coating into a reprocessable ethylene-based polymer composition. The process includes shaping, at the reprocessing temperature, the reprocessable ethylene-based composition into a reprocessed preform. The process includes cooling the reprocessed preform to below the reprocessing temperature and forming a second article composed of a re-crosslinked ethylene-based polymer composition composed of (i) an ethylene-based polymer and (ii) a bond having Structure (2) (formed from BiTEMPS methacrylate).

[0066] In one embodiment, the process includes removing the coating from the coated conductor. The removing step is performed before heating to the reprocessing temperature.

[0067] In one embodiment, the forming process is a procedure selected from the group consisting of injection molding, extrusion, extrusion molding, thermoforming, slush molding, overmolding, insert molding, blow molding, cast molding, tentering, compression molding, and combinations thereof.

[0068] Non-limiting examples of a second article suitable for the present crosslinked / re-crosslinked ethylene-based polymer (having structure (2) formed from BiTEMPS methacrylate) composition include coatings on conductors, three-dimensional loop articles, elastic films, elastic fibers, soft-touch items such as toothbrush handles and appliance handles, gaskets and profiles, adhesives (including hot melt adhesives and pressure sensitive adhesives), footwear (including shoe soles and shoe liners), automotive interior parts and profiles, foam articles (both open-cell and closed-cell foams), impact modifiers for other thermoplastic polymers such as high density polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, or other olefin polymers, coated fabrics, hoses, tubes, liners, cap liners, flooring materials, and combinations thereof.

[0069] Applicants have discovered that a coating composed of a crosslinked composition of an ethylene-based polymer and a structure 2 bond (formed from BiTEMPS methacrylate) (and optional additives) can undergo reversible crosslinking at a reprocessing temperature. The reversible crosslinking is achieved by forming the coating from a crosslinkable polymer composition composed of an ethylene-based polymer, a peroxide, BiTEMPS methacrylate (and optional additives). The compositions of the present invention form coatings for conductors composed of crosslinked compositions that are crosslinked at the applicable use temperature (ambient temperature up to 130°C) but can be melt reprocessed at a typical reprocessing temperature (about 160 - 250°C). As a result, the present disclosure provides the benefits of coatings for conductors having heat resistance and durability for wire and cable applications while maintaining (re)processability at typical extrusion temperatures.

[0070] By way of example and not limitation, several embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail in the following examples.

[0071] 1. Materials The materials used in the comparative sample (CS) and the inventive example (IE) of the present invention are provided in Table 1 below.

[0072]

Table 1

[0073] 2. Synthesis of BiTEMPS Methacrylate To synthesize BiTEMPS methacrylate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate (8.78 g, 39.0 mmol, supplied by TCI America) is first dissolved in anhydrous petroleum ether (about 90 mL, supplied by Sigma - Aldrich and dried with molecular sieves for 48 hours before use) and cooled to -70 °C in a dry ice / acetone bath. Then, sulfur monochloride (1.30 g, 9.7 mmol, supplied by Sigma - Aldrich) is dissolved in anhydrous petroleum ether (about 1.25 mL) and added dropwise to the reaction vessel over 30 minutes. The solution is stirred at -70 °C for an additional 30 minutes and at room temperature for 15 minutes. Next, the reaction solution is poured into a large amount of distilled water and stirred overnight at room temperature to precipitate BiTEMPS methacrylate. The precipitate is collected, vacuum filtered, and dried in vacuo at 60 °C for 48 hours to obtain BiTEMPS methacrylate shown as Structure 1 below.

[0074]

Chemical Structure

[0075] 3. Formulation Composition LDPE No. 1, dicumyl peroxide, BiTEMPS methacrylate, and antioxidant A were combined (in the amounts shown in Table 2 below) and batch mixed at 120 °C to form a crosslinkable polymer composition. The crosslinkable polymer composition was heated on an RPA at 180 °C for 30 minutes to initiate the crosslinking reaction. The characteristics of the crosslinking reaction are shown in Table 2A.

[0076] Plaques were also made from the crosslinkable polymer composition by pressing a portion of about 35 g with a Wabash press. For CS1, the pellets were pressed at 120 °C and 500 psi for 5 minutes, cut into small pieces, re-laminated, and re-pressed at 120 °C and 500 psi for 5 minutes, then at 2500 psi for 5 minutes, and finally at 180 °C and 2500 psi for 15 minutes to cure the plaque. In all other examples, a single piece was pressed at 180 °C and 500 psi for 5 minutes, then at 2500 psi for 15 minutes. For electrical testing, the plaques were nominally 50 mils, and for mechanical testing, they were re-plaqued from the original 50 mil plaques to nominally 75 mils (except for CS1 where two separate plaques were made). Electrical data and mechanical data are shown in Tables 2B and 2C below, respectively. CS1 and IE1 were degassed after sample preparation, while CS2 and IE2 - 4 were not degassed.

[0077] [Table 2]

[0078] Table 2B: Crosslinked compositions of the coatings and electrical properties. Samples CS1 and IE1 were degassed, while the other samples CS2 and IE2 - 4 were not degassed.

[0079] [Table 3]

[0080] [Table 4]

[0081] [Table 5]

[0082] As shown in Tables 2B, 3A, and 3B, the electrical properties of the examples and comparative samples of the present invention are similar. The degassed volume resistivity (the higher, the better) of Example 1 of the present invention is higher than that of Comparative Sample 1, but both are very high and of the same order of magnitude. For other examples, since the samples were not degassed, all of their resistivity values are lower. Nevertheless, the non-degassed volume resistivity of Examples 2 to 4 of the present invention is higher than the volume resistivity of Comparative Sample 2.

[0083] The dielectric constant (the lower, the better) and dissipation factor (the lower, the better) of Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention are each very low and acceptable for wire and cable applications. It is noteworthy that the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of IE1 to 4 are the same as or substantially the same as the values of the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of CS1 to 2. However, as shown in the mechanical data, each of the coatings of IE1 to 4 is reprocessable, while each of the coatings of CS-1 and CS-2 is permanently crosslinked and not reprocessable.

[0084] In particular, all of the tanδ values for CS-1 and CS-2 are well below 1 (well below 1) indicating a permanently crosslinked material, while most of the tanδ values for Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are well below 1, except at 180 °C and low frequencies, indicating a transition to a fluid material. Example 4 of the present invention has a higher crosslink density, so tanδ is low under all test conditions. However, these measurements were still made on the suppressed plaques, indicating its ability for reprocessing.

[0085] The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and examples contained herein, and is particularly intended to include modified forms of those embodiments, including parts of the embodiments and combinations of elements of different embodiments, to the extent that they fall within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A coated conductor, comprising: a conductor; and a coating on the conductor, the coating comprising a crosslinked composition formed from starting materials comprising an ethylene polymer, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate disulfide (BiTEMPS methacrylate).

2. The coated conductor according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinked composition comprises a structure 2 bond. 【Chemical 1】

3. The crosslinked composition is formed from starting materials comprising 80 wt% to 99 wt% of an ethylene polymer having a melt index of 0.1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, and 20 wt% to 1 wt% of the BiTEMPS methacrylate, the coated conductor according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The coated conductor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ethylene polymer is low density polyethylene (LDPE).

5. The coated conductor according to claim 4, wherein the LDPE has properties selected from the group consisting of: (i) a density of 0.910 g / cc to 0.940 g / cc, (ii) a melt index of 0.1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, and (iii) combinations thereof.

6. The coated conductor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of carbon black, antioxidant, stabilizer, processing aid, and combinations thereof.

7. The crosslinked composition is formed from starting materials comprising (i) 80 wt% to 99 wt% of the ethylene polymer, (ii) 1 wt% to 15 wt% of the BiTEMPS methacrylate, and (iii) 0 wt% to 0.5 wt% of a free radical initiator, the coated conductor according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The coated conductor according to claim 7, wherein the crosslinked composition has properties selected from the group consisting of: (i) 10 １６ ohm / cm to 10 ２０ The deaerated volume resistivity at 23 °C of ohm / cm, (ii) 10 １５ ohm / cm to 10 ２０ The non-degassed volume resistivity at 23 °C of ohm / cm (iii) a dielectric constant at 23 °C of 2.20 to 2.70, (iv) a dielectric constant at 110 °C of 1.80 to 2.10, (v) a dissipation factor at 23 °C and 60 Hz of 0.0001 radian to 0.01 radian, (vi) a dissipation factor at 110 °C and 60 Hz of 0.0001 radian to 0.01 radian, and / or (vii) 10 ５ Pa to 10 ７ G’ at 130 °C and 100 rad / s of Pa, (viii) 10 ４ Pa to 10 ７ G’ at 130 °C and 100 rad / s of Pa, (ix) a tan delta at 130 °C of 0 to 0.6, and (x) combinations thereof.

9. A coated conductor, comprising: a conductor; and a coating on the conductor, the coating comprising An ethylene polymer, and A coating conductor comprising a coating composed of a crosslinked composition containing a bond having structure (2). [Chemical 2]

10. A process comprising: A coated conductor, wherein the coating is (i) an ethylene polymer, and (ii) providing a coating from a coated conductor composed of a crosslinked composition composed of a bond having structure (2), [Chemical Formula 3] Heating the coating to a reprocessing temperature, At the reprocessing temperature, forming the coating into a reprocessable ethylene polymer composition, At the reprocessing temperature, shaping the reprocessable ethylene composition into a reprocessed preform, Cooling the reprocessed preform to below the reprocessing temperature to form a second article composed of (i) the ethylene polymer and (ii) a re-crosslinked ethylene polymer composition composed of a bond having structure (2). A process comprising:

11. The process according to claim 10, comprising removing the coating from the coated conductor.

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