Non-fluorine single-layer coating based on silicone resin and thermoplastic polymer

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coated cooking part (1) for a cooking utensil or an electric cooking appliance, a method for manufacturing the coated cooking part (1), and a cooking utensil or an electric cooking appliance including the coated cooking part (1), which has a metal substrate (2) at least one surface (2a) of which is coated with a single layer (3), one surface (3a) of the single layer (3) is in contact with the metal substrate (2), one surface (3b) forms a cooking surface, and the single layer (3) is composed of one or more silicone resins, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers selected from the group consisting of polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), and polybenzimidazole (PBI), and optionally, one or more fillers and / or one or more additives and / or one or more colorants.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The technical field of the invention relates to the field of cookware coated on one of its sides, more precisely to the field of cookware covered with a coating based on a silicone resin. [Background technology]

[0002] In the field of cookware, coatings based on fluoroplastics, particularly polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), are commonly known for their non-stick and heat-resistant properties. However, these coatings have low mechanical strength.

[0003] WO 2020 / 144051 relates to a fluoropolymer-based coating that has improved mechanical resistance to abrasion by incorporating organic fillers (SiC) and inorganic fillers (Al2O3) into the undercoat and topcoat layers of the coating. The performance improvements achieved in terms of mechanical strength are satisfactory but still not optimal.

[0004] To begin with, fluoropolymer-based coatings are intended for frying pans and saucepans, but due to their punchability they can also find other applications in the molding sector (molds, cake plates, waffle makers, etc.) or small household appliances (rice cookers, fryer inserts, electric crepe makers).

[0005] An alternative to PTFE coatings is the use of so-called "ceramic" coatings, developed by the sol-gel process and the use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (EP 2806776). These coatings are characterised by being hard and resistant to mechanical abrasion, but exhibit a more brittle behaviour and less anti-adhesive properties than coatings based on fluoroplastics. In addition, these coatings lack punchability and are therefore not suitable for moldings and small household appliances.

[0006] In the field of molded articles (for consumers or industrial use), fluororesin-based coatings are not very widespread. This is because the heat resistance is limited (up to 220 °C), and other types of coatings such as silicone can be used. Pure silicone resin is said to be non-sticky and resistant to temperatures of 220 - 230 °C or higher. Instead, its adhesion to the substrate is said to be low. Conversely, silicone-polyester resin adheres to the substrate and is non-sticky at the same time, and is very widely used in the molding industry because it is suitable for the punching process. However, silicone-polyester resin deteriorates at temperatures above 230 °C. In fact, the operating temperature range of cooking utensils is between 50 and 250 °C, and it is not uncommon for utensils with an induction heating bottom surface to reach 300 °C or 350 °C. Therefore, the use of silicone-polyester resin does not conform to the operating temperature in the field of cooking utensils.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] A first object of the present invention relates to a coated cooking part (1) for a cooking utensil or an electric cooking appliance, having a metal substrate (2) at least one surface (2a) of which is coated with a single layer (3), one surface (3a) of the single layer (3) being in contact with the metal substrate (2), and one surface (3b) forming a cooking surface, the single layer (3) being composed of one or more silicone resins, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, optionally one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymers, one or more fillers and / or one or more additives and / or one or more colorants, the heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer being selected from the group consisting of polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI) and polybenzimidazole (PBI).

[0008] Another object of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a coated cooking part (1) according to the present invention, comprising the following sequential steps: i. providing a metal substrate (2) having a surface (2a); ii. Optionally, a step of pretreating the surface (2a) intended to be coated on the metal substrate (2); iii. A step of applying the layer (3) to the surface (2a) relates to a method comprising.

[0009] Another object of the present invention relates to a cooking utensil (100) comprising a coated cooking part (1) according to the present invention.

[0010] Another object of the present invention relates to an electric cooking apparatus (200) comprising a coated cooking part (1) according to the present invention and a heat source (210) configured to heat the coated cooking part (1).

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] (Definitions) For the purposes of the present invention, the terms "layer" or "coating" should be understood to mean a continuous layer or a discontinuous layer. A continuous layer (also referred to as a monolithic layer) is a single entity that forms a solid block that completely covers the surface on which it is laid. A discontinuous layer (or non-monolithic layer) may be composed of several parts and is thus not a single entity.

[0013] For the purposes of the present invention, a "thermochromic pigment or pigment composition" should be understood to mean a pigment or pigment composition whose color changes as a function of temperature within a predetermined temperature range and this change is reversible. This change in color can be visually recognized by the user with the naked eye and at a conventional viewing distance.

[0014] The term "heat-stable pigment" is understood to mean a pigment that does not exhibit a color change when exposed to a temperature increase within a predetermined temperature range, or a pigment that exhibits a small color change that is not visible to the user with the naked eye and at a conventional viewing distance when exposed to a temperature increase within a predetermined temperature range.

[0015] Preferably, the heat-stable pigment has a color difference ΔE * of less than 10, where ΔE * is defined by the CIE 1976 formula in the CIELAB color space:

[0016]

Equation

[0017] (where L1 * , a1 * and b1 * characterize the L * a * b * values of the compound at room temperature, and L2 * , a2 * and b2 * characterize the L * a * b * values of the compound at 200 °C). as defined by

[0018] For the purposes of the present invention, the expression "cooking utensil" should be understood to mean an object intended for cooking. For this purpose, it is intended to be subjected to heat treatment.

[0019] For the purposes of the present invention, the expression "object intended to be subjected to heat treatment" should be understood to mean an object such as a frying pan, a saucepan, a sauté pan, a wok, a barbecue grill that is heated by an external heating system and can transfer the heat energy supplied by the external heating system to the material or food in contact with the object.

[0020] Regarding the object of the present invention, the expression "electric cooking appliance" should be understood to mean a heating object having a unique heating system, such as an electric crepe maker, an electric raclette device, an electric fondue device, an electric grill, an electric griddle, an electric cooker, a pan toaster, an electric pressure cooker.

[0021] "Coating" is understood to mean a layer that covers a metal substrate and adheres to the substrate.

[0022] "Silicone resin-based coating" is understood to mean a coating containing one or more silicone resins in the layer. Advantageously, the coating according to the present invention obtained is solid. "Solid" is understood to mean the property of an agglomerated material that is insoluble in food components such as water, ordinary solvents, aqueous or fatty mixtures, even if the material is very hard like an elastomer or very flexible.

[0023] In the present invention, the weight percentage is represented by a value based on the dry weight, that is, a value without solvent.

[0024] (Description of the Invention) The present invention relates to a coated cooking part (1) for a cooking utensil or an electric cooking appliance, having a metal substrate (2) at least one surface (2a) of which is coated with a single layer (3), one surface (3a) of the single layer (3) being in contact with the metal substrate (2) and one surface (3b) forming a cooking surface, the single layer (3) being composed of one or more silicone resins, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, optionally one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymers, one or more fillers and / or one or more additives and / or one or more colorants, the heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer being selected from the group consisting of polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI) and polybenzimidazole (PBI).

[0025] Advantageously, the single layer (3) in contact with the metal substrate (2) on one surface (3a) is in the form of one layer or a single layer. Advantageously, the single layer (3) forms a coating that covers the metal substrate (2). This coating has non-stick properties and forms a non-stick coating. Advantageously, the single layer (3) that is in contact with the metal substrate (2) via one of its surfaces (3a) constitutes a coating of the cooking part, also called a single layer coating. Accordingly, at least one coated surface (2a) is a cooking surface. In other words, the coating of the cooking part (1) according to the invention is intended to come into contact with food. The single layer (3) comes into contact with food on one of its surfaces (3b) and forms a cooking surface (5). The coating of the cooking part (1) according to the invention does not contain fluororesin. In other words, the coating does not contain fluorinated polymers. Advantageously, the thickness of the layer (3) ranges from 10 μm to 100 μm, preferably from 20 μm to 85 μm, and particularly preferably from 30 μm to 70 μm.

[0026] (Metal substrate) Advantageously, the metal substrate (2) is a substrate made of aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron or cast aluminum, iron, titanium or copper. For the purposes of the present invention, aluminum is understood to mean a metal consisting of 100% aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

[0027] Advantageously, the metal substrate (2) is an aluminum substrate, a stainless steel substrate or a multi-layer metal substrate. The metal substrate (2) may be a two-layer substrate or a three-layer substrate, and these multi-layers can be obtained, for example, by co-lamination, solid bonding, or hot or cold impact bonding. Preferably, the metal substrate (2) includes alternating layers of metal and / or metal alloy.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the metal substrate (2) is an aluminum alloy substrate, a stainless steel substrate, or a multi-layer metal substrate having a surface (2a) of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. Preferably, the metal substrate (2) is an aluminum substrate. Advantageously, the thickness of the metal substrate (2) is from 0.5 mm to 10 mm.

[0029] Advantageously, the surface (2a) of the metal substrate (2) can be pre-treated to improve the adhesion of the coating to the substrate. According to one embodiment, the surface of the surface (2a) of the metal substrate (2) is subjected to a surface treatment. The surface treatment is chemical etching, brushing, hydration treatment, sandblasting, shot blasting, plasma or corona or laser type physico-chemical treatment, chemical activation, or a combination of these heterogeneous techniques. Advantageously, the surface (2a) of the substrate to which the coating (3) according to the invention is applied can be treated to increase its specific surface area. In the case of an aluminum substrate, this treatment can be carried out by techniques such as anodization (formation of a tubular alumina structure), chemical etching, sandblasting, brushing, shot blasting, or addition of material by spraying (flame, plasma, arc spraying). Also, other metal substrates can be subjected to addition of material by techniques such as polishing, sandblasting, brushing, microbead blasting, or spraying (flame, plasma, arc spraying).

[0030] Metal substrates that can be advantageously used in the present invention include anodized or non-anodized aluminum substrates (optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted, shot blasted or microbead blasted), anodized or non-anodized aluminum alloy substrates (optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted or microbead blasted), steel substrates (optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted, shot blasted or microbead blasted), stainless steel substrates (optionally polished, brushed, shot blasted or microbead blasted), cast steel, aluminum or iron substrates, and optionally hammered or polished copper substrates.

[0031] Advantageously, the substrate can be selected from a substrate comprising a ferrite-based stainless steel / aluminum / austenitic stainless steel layer, a substrate comprising a stainless steel / aluminum / copper / aluminum / austenitic stainless steel layer, a cast aluminum, aluminum or aluminum alloy shell lined with an outer stainless steel bottom, a metal laminate substrate (e.g., a two-layer laminate substrate comprising a stainless steel layer (e.g., intended to form the inner surface of the article) and an anodized or non-anodized layer of aluminum or an aluminum alloy (intended to form the outer surface of the article)).

[0032] Advantageously, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the face (2a) of the metal substrate (2) is 1 μm or more. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra is measured with a roughness meter in accordance with ISO 4287. Ra is the arithmetic mean of the deviations from the mean. In particular, the surface shape can be investigated using a profilometer having a probe with a fine stylus having a diamond tip, or an optical measuring device such as Altisurf (registered trademark) capable of non-contact measurement by a confocal chromatic sensor. This investigation of the surface shape makes it possible to define the mean arithmetic roughness Ra.

[0033] (Silicone resin) In this specification, the expression "silicone resin" is used interchangeably to represent silicone before or after crosslinking. In this specification, the expression "silicone" means an organopolysiloxane material. Crosslinking is a process of converting silicone into an insoluble material, for example, by polyaddition, polycondensation or dehydrogenation. Crosslinking is generally carried out using a precursor that is a silicone oil or resin to obtain a three-dimensional network and is crosslinked to form a material called silicone resin in this specification. This crosslinking can be carried out by thermal activation or by chemical activation using a catalyst such as platinum, for example.

[0034] Silicone resins can be obtained from precursors. Advantageously, the precursors are soluble in a solvent or in an aqueous emulsion and are of the type of crosslinkable oils or resins. In particular, the precursors are selected from: silicone hydrides; silicone oil resins containing at least one vinyl group (-CH=CH2); silicone resins or silicone-polyester resins (copolymers) containing at least one alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy or ethoxy); and / or silicone resins or silicone-polyester resins (copolymers) containing at least one alkoxy group (especially ethoxy or hydroxy group), and mixtures thereof. These precursors can be crosslinked in order to obtain a silicone resin characterized by being insoluble and substantially solid.

[0035] Advantageously, these precursors are polymers or oligomers. The polymers or oligomers can be in the form of silicone oils having various degrees of branching; or in the form of silicone resins or copolymers of silicone resins such as silicone-polyester, silicone-alkyd, silicone-polyurethane or silicone-epoxy resins having various degrees of pre-crosslinking; or in the form of a mixture of silicone oils, silicone resins and copolymers of silicone resins. The silicon atoms may be substituted with an alkyl group (especially a methyl group) or an aryl group (especially a phenyl group) or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the oil or resin contains one or more (2, 3 or more) hydroxy or alkoxy functional groups (especially methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy) as substituents of the silicon atoms.

[0036] Advantageously, the crosslinked silicone resin obtained after crosslinking of the precursor, i.e., the crosslinked silicone resin, is selected from the group consisting of methyl silicone resin and / or phenyl silicone resin and / or methylphenyl silicone resin, methyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), phenyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), methylphenyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), silicone-alkyd resin (copolymer), modified silicone resin, and mixtures thereof.

[0037] Advantageously, the silicone resin is selected from the group consisting of methyl silicone resin and / or phenyl silicone resin and / or methylphenyl silicone resin, methyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), phenyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), methylphenyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), silicone-alkyd resin (copolymer), modified silicone resin, and mixtures thereof.

[0038] The single layer (3) of silicone resin can form a network composed of a combination of four simple organosiloxane units denoted as M, D, T, and Q according to the degree of substitution of silicon atoms by oxygen, as described in the following table (where R is the organic substituent described below).

[0039] [Table 1]

[0040] The organopolysiloxane material or polymer is obtained by crosslinking a precursor, which can be a monomer, a polymer, or an oligomer intermediate. The organopolysiloxane polymer can also be obtained from a mixture of these different precursors. When the network contains more T units and Q units than D units, the crosslink density increases. The distribution among M units, D units, T units, and Q units depends on the chemical structure of the precursor, particularly the distribution of M units, D units, T units, and Q units within the precursor. The polymer precursor is an organic polysiloxane. These polymers are formed from M units, D units, T units, and / or Q units as described in the table, where R is independently an alkyl group, particularly methyl, or aryl, particularly phenyl, and different Rs can be present on the same polymer. The organic polysiloxane can be either linear or slightly branched (mostly D groups), or branched or highly branched (mostly T and Q groups). Linear or slightly branched organic polysiloxanes are generally liquids and are more or less viscous at room temperature and are called silicone oils. Branched or highly branched (pre-crosslinked) organic polysiloxanes form networks on the scale of individual polymers and are called silicone resins. At room temperature, the resins are substantially solid or liquid, particularly when the molecular weight is quite low, they are in solution in a solvent or in the form of an aqueous emulsion. They can be copolymerized with silicon-free organic polymers or oligomers. The silicon-free organic polymers or oligomers are particularly selected from polyesters, acrylics, alkyds, polyurethanes, and epoxy resins.

[0041] When the crosslinking is hydrolysis-condensation, the crosslinking is carried out by reactive hydroxy or alkoxy functional groups, particularly methoxy, ethoxy, or butoxy, present on the organic polysiloxane. When the crosslinking is polyaddition (or hydrosilylation), the crosslinking is carried out by the reaction of vinyl reactive functional groups (-CH=CH2) present on one organic polysiloxane with silyl hydride (Si-H) reactive functional groups present on the other organic polysiloxane initially mixed therewith. At least one of each of these reactive functional groups is present on each organic polysiloxane and can be present in two, three, or more numbers as long as the molecular structure permits. A silicone oil containing at least one reactive functional group is called a "reactive oil". The reactive functional group can be either at the end (terminus) of the polymer chain or distributed on the chain.

[0042] In particular, the silicone-polyester resin has a silicone / polyester mass ratio between, for example, 90 / 10, 80 / 20, 70 / 30, 60 / 40, 50 / 50, 40 / 50, 30 / 70, 20 / 80, 10 / 90, and advantageously between 80 / 20 and 50 / 50.

[0043] The linear PDMS silicone oil, which is pre-emulsified either pure or in water, is first characterized by its molecular weight (a directly proportional increasing function of the viscosity of the pure oil). Next, the linear PDMS silicone oil is characterized by the presence, number, and position on the molecular chain of reactive functional groups (such as hydroxyl functional groups (silanols) on silicon atoms). For example, reactive oils having a viscosity of 50 to 20,000 MPa·s, particularly 300 to 5,000 MPa·s, can be used. The reactive oil has at least one reactive functional group, preferably at least two reactive functional groups, and this functional group is arranged at the end of the chain.

[0044] Polymer precursors that react by polyaddition include, for example, polymethylhydroxysiloxane, vinylmethylsiloxane, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), particularly linear vinyl-terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, hydride-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydride-terminated polyphenylmethylsiloxane, cyclic vinylmethylsiloxane, vinyl-MQ resin, trimethylsilyl-terminated polymethylhydroxysiloxane, dimethylsiloxane copolymers terminated with methylhydroxysiloxane and trimethylsiloxane, MQ resin hydride, etc., and combinations thereof.

[0045] Whether it is a silicone resin or a silicone oil, polymer precursors that react by hydrolysis-polycondensation include, for example, poly(methylsilsesquioxane), poly(propylsilsesquioxane), poly(phenylsilsesquioxane), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), trimethylsilyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silanol-terminated polyphenylsiloxane (PDMS), silanol-terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, poly(2-acetoxyethylsilsesquioxane), organically modified alkoxysilanes and their oligomers, and all similar polymers, as well as mixtures thereof.

[0046] Similarly, an organopolysiloxane material or polymer can be obtained by crosslinking a mixture of one or more monomer precursors and one or more polymer precursors as described above, and one or more linear, branched or cyclic oligomer precursors. These oligomer precursors have a lower molecular weight than the polymer precursors. In order to promote the high crosslink density of the finally obtained organopolysiloxane polymer, polymer precursors and / or oligomer precursors having a number of reactive functional groups greater than 2, preferably much greater than 2 as described above, can be added to the mixture as a co-binder.

[0047] To obtain a solid organopolysiloxane polymer combined with the thermoplastic of each layer, monomers, oligomers and / or polymer precursors, especially silicone resins copolymerized or not copolymerized with organic polymers, serve as the polymer binder.

[0048] When a silicone oil type of organopolysiloxane precursor is added in a small amount (usually 0.1-5% dry) to the whole layer formulation independently of other components for the formation of a solid organopolysiloxane polymer, it can be regarded as an additive.

[0049] Crosslinking may require a catalyst: · In the case of crosslinking of organopolysiloxanes by hydrolysis - polycondensation, the formulation may contain a metal catalyst. The metal catalyst is, for example, a metal complex based on platinum, tin, zinc, zirconium and cerium, in particular a platinum - cyclovinylmethylsiloxane complex, tin(II) 2 - ethylhexanoate, zinc(II) 2 - ethylhexanoate, zirconium(IV) 2 - ethylhexanoate, cerium(IV) 2 - ethylhexanoate and dibutyltin dilaurate. · When crosslinking an organopolysiloxane by hydrosilylation, the addition of a catalyst may be required. This is, for example, platinum or a suitable platinum - based catalyst, and the platinum - based catalyst is of the type such as Karstedt's catalyst or Ashby's catalyst.

[0050] For example, a crosslinking agent having an Si - H bond may be present.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the proportion of the silicone resin in the single layer (3) is 20% by weight or more, respectively, based on the total weight of the layer (3). According to another embodiment, the proportion of the silicone resin in the single layer (3) is 40% by weight or more, respectively, based on the total weight of the layer (3). According to yet another embodiment, the proportion of the silicone resin in the single layer (3) is 50% by weight or more, respectively, based on the total weight of the layer (3).

[0052] (Heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer) One or more thermoplastic polymers selected from the group consisting of polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polybenzimidazole (PBI), or mixtures thereof are present in the layer (3).

[0053] Advantageously, the heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer occupies up to 99% by weight of the layer (3), preferably 40 - 80% by weight, advantageously 40 - 70% by weight, more advantageously 42 - 65% by weight, particularly preferably 45 - 55% by weight.

[0054] (Aromatic thermoplastic polymer) Suitable examples of the aromatic thermoplastic polymer according to the present invention include poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(aryl ether sulfone) polymer (PAES), particularly polyether sulfone (PES), polyphenylene ether sulfone (PPSU), poly(arylene sulfide) (PAS), particularly polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal polymer, and mixtures thereof.

[0055] Advantageously, the thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(aryl ether sulfone) (PAES), polyether sulfone (PES), polyphenylene ether sulfone (PPSU), poly(arylene sulfide) (PAS), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK). Polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) includes polyether ketone (PEK), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone ketone (PEKK), polyether ether ketone ketone (PEEKK), and polyether ketone ether ketone ketone (PEKEKK), and mixtures thereof.

[0056] Advantageously, the single layer (3) preferably contains less than 50%, preferably less than 40% of one or more thermoplastic polymers in terms of the weight ratio of the layer.

[0057] According to one variant, PAEK is used in the form of a suspension, and the PAEK particles in the PAEK suspension have a D50 particle size of about 10 μm to 15 μm.

[0058] (Filler) The filler for the purpose of the present invention can provide mechanical reinforcement, impart hydrophobic properties, and at the same time improve the mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of the coating. The filler does not have the sole function of coloring the coating, but may contribute to it. The presence of a filler with excellent thermal conductivity can compensate for the low thermal conductivity of the PAEK polymer.

[0059] Advantageously, layer (3) comprises one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of ceramic fillers (such as SiO2), and / or inorganic and / or metallic fillers (such as Al2O3, TiO2), and / or silica and / or diamond particles.

[0060] Preferably, the filler is selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal carbides, metal oxynitrides, metal nitrides, and mixtures thereof. Advantageously, the metal is a transition metal, such as at least one element selected from B, Ni, Ti, Zr or Hf.

[0061] More preferably, the filler is selected from the group consisting of: · Reinforcing fillers: organic or inorganic hard fillers; inorganic hard fillers are preferably silicon carbide, alumina, zirconia, graphite, ceramics, carbonates, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum trihydroxide, or particles of one or more metal oxides, graphite, graphene; · Other reinforcing fillers selected from metal oxides: silica, mica, lamellar fillers, montmorillonite, sepiolite, gypsum, kaolinite, clays such as laponite, zinc oxide, quartz, zirconium phosphate, alumina, zirconia, zinc oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide; · Fillers selected from reinforcing fibers: glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers; · Conductive fillers composed of transition metal carbides and / or transition metal nitrides, characterized in that the transition metal is at least one element selected from B, Ni, Ti, Zr or Hf, such as cubic boron nitride, diamond particles, metal particles; · Lamellar fillers such as clays, graphene, graphite that can impart lubricating properties.

[0062] The preferred fillers in combination with the organopolysiloxane are as follows: · Reinforcing fillers: silica or carbonate having a filler content of at least 10 - 15% by weight and at most 60% by weight; · Alumina, aluminum hydroxide hydrate, aluminum trihydroxide; · Silica having a D50 of less than 0.1 μm and a BET specific surface area of more than 30 m 2 / g, preferably 30 - 500 m 2 / g (precipitated silica or pyrogenic silica); or · A mixture of quartz and silica, diatomaceous earth, or ground quartz, titanium, mica, talc, kaolin, barium sulfate, slaked lime, zinc oxide, expanded vermiculite, unexpanded vermiculite, calcium carbonate, etc. More preferably, the filler is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, boron nitride, quartz, and mixtures thereof.

[0063] Advantageously, the average diameter D50 of the filler is 0.1 - 50 μm, more advantageously 5 - 15 μm. Advantageously, the proportion of the filler in the layer is 0.5 - 30%, preferably 5 - 20% by dry weight based on the total weight of the layer after curing. Advantageously, the proportion of the filler in layer (3) is less than 10% by weight based on the total weight of the said layer.

[0064] (Additives) Advantageously, the said additives are selected from the group consisting of defoamers, dispersants, wetting agents, thickeners, pH adjusters, and reactive silicone oils.

[0065] The defoamer is preferably selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, diol, hydrocarbon, glyceride, oxirane, and emulsified fatty acid.

[0066] The surfactant is preferably selected from the group consisting of glycol ethers, ethoxylated alcohols excluding alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE), and Gemini - type surfactants.

[0067] The dispersant is preferentially selected from the group consisting of anionic dispersants such as fatty acid derivatives.

[0068] The thickener is preferentially selected from the group consisting of acrylic or polyurethane copolymers, cellulose, and pyrogenic silica.

[0069] The pH adjuster is preferentially selected from the group consisting of Bronsted bases: ammonia, amines (such as triethylamine, triethanolamine, etc.), hydroxides (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), and carbonates.

[0070] Advantageously, layer (3) contains one or more additives, and the proportion of the additives in layer (3) is less than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the said layer.

[0071] (Colorant) Advantageously, the colorant is selected from the group consisting of thermochromic pigments, thermally stable pigments, flakes, and mixtures thereof.

[0072] (Thermochromic pigment) Preferably, the thermochromic pigment is Bi2O3, Fe2O3, V2O5, WO3, CeO2, In2O3, Y 1.84 Ca 0.16 Ti 1.84 V 0.16 O 1.84 , AgI, (Bi 1-x A x )(V 1-y M y )O4 (wherein: · x is equal to 0 or x is between 0.001 and 0.999; · y is equal to 0 or between 0.001 and 0.999; · A and M are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, poor metals, metalloids, or lanthanides; · A and M are different from each other) is selected from the group consisting of.

[0073] In the situation where A and M are different from each other, it is as follows: · A is an alkali metal and can be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; · M is an alkali metal and can be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; · A is an alkaline earth metal and can be selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; · M is an alkaline earth metal and can be selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; · A is a transition metal and can be selected from Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Ir; · M is a transition metal and can be selected from Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Ir; · A is a poor metal and can be selected from Al, Zn, Ga, In, Sn; · M is a poor metal and can be selected from Al, Zn, Ga, In, Sn; · A is a metalloid and can be selected from B, Si, Ge, Sb; · M is a metalloid and can be selected from B, Si, Ge, Sb; · A is a lanthanide and can be selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; · M is a lanthanide and can be selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.

[0074] Preferably, the different A and M from each other are B and / or Mg.

[0075] Preferably, (Bi 1-x A x )(V 1-y My ) The O4 pigment has a monoclinic scheelite crystal form at room temperature. Preferably, x and y are equal to 0, that is, (Bi 1-x A x )(V 1-y M y )O4 pigment is bismuth vanadate (BiVO4). Advantageously, BiVO4 with a monoclinic scheelite crystal structure at room temperature is used. Bismuth vanadate is a yellow inorganic compound represented by the formula BiVO4 and is widely used because of its coloring properties and non-toxicity. It is registered in the database of the Color Index International as Q.I. Pigment Yellow 184 and is sold in particular by Heubach (Vanadur®), BASF (Sicopal®), FERRO (Lysopac), and Bruchsaler Farbenfabrik (Brufasol®).

[0076] (Thermally stable pigments) Preferably, the thermally stable pigments are from the following group: · Rutile titanium type yellow pigments; · Yellow pigments derived from bismuth, such as stabilized bismuth vanadate (Py 184 ); · Red pigments, such as perylene red (e.g., PR149, PR178, and PR224), iron oxide; · Bismuth oxyhalide type orange pigments (PO 85 ); · Bismuth vanadate orange pigments (PO 86 ); · Zinc tin titanium orange pigments (PO 82 ); · Cerium sulfide orange pigments (PO 75 ; PO 78 ); · Rutile type antimony titanium chromium orange-yellow pigments (PBr 24 ); · Rutile type tin and zinc orange-yellow pigments (Py 216); · Orange-yellow niobium tin zinc sulfide oxide pigment (Py 227 ); · Tin and niobium complex oxide orange-yellow pigment; · Co3(PO4)2; · LiCoPO4; · CoAl2O4; · Cr2O3; · TiO2; · Black pigment PBk28 (copper chromite black spinel); · And mixtures thereof are selected from.

[0077] (Flake) The flakes that can be used in the context of the present invention can independently be selected from coated or uncoated mica flakes, coated or uncoated silica flakes, coated or uncoated aluminum flakes, and coated or uncoated iron oxide flakes. Titanium dioxide-coated mica or silica flakes. The flakes that can be used in the context of the present invention can be processed to give specific color effects. Advantageously, the flakes are particles selected from the group consisting of mica, aluminum, titanium dioxide-coated mica, or mixtures thereof.

[0078] (Holographic flake) Advantageously, the flakes are holographic flakes, i.e., a mixture of magnetizable particles and non-magnetizable particles.

[0079] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles are particles containing at least one ferromagnetic metal. These magnetizable particles may be of homogeneous nature, i.e., made of the same material, or of composite nature, i.e., these magnetizable particles have a core-shell structure and the ferromagnetic metal is arranged in the core and / or shell of the particles. Examples of composite magnetizable particles include mica flakes coated with iron oxide Fe2O3, stainless steel fibers coated with a sol-gel material, flakes made of a plastic material coated with iron oxide Fe2O3, or flakes having a core formed of a ferromagnetic metal and a shell formed of a plastic material or a sol-gel material, as protection against corrosion during the coating process.

[0080] According to one embodiment, some of the magnetizable particles are oriented to form a three-dimensional decoration.

[0081] Advantageously, the mixture of magnetizable particles and non-magnetizable particles occupies 1 wt% to 5 wt%, preferably 2 wt% to 3 wt% of the weight of the layer. Advantageously, the proportion of non-magnetizable particles in the mixture of magnetizable particles and non-magnetizable particles is 15 wt% to 40 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture of magnetizable particles and non-magnetizable particles.

[0082] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles have a size D50 of 23 μm or less. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "D50" is understood to mean the maximum size indicated by 50% of the number of particles.

[0083] Advantageously, the non-magnetizable particles have a size D90 that is 20% to 250% of the size D90 of the magnetizable particles. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "D90" is understood to mean the maximum size indicated by 90% of the number of particles.

[0084] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles and / or the non-magnetizable particles are colored on the surface. Advantageously, the non-magnetizable particles are composed of mica, aluminum, or mica coated with titanium dioxide. Advantageously, the magnetizable particles are composed of iron, iron oxide, iron-coated aluminum or iron-coated mica, and the iron is in the ferrite form.

[0085] (Configuration) According to one embodiment of the present invention, the layer (3) forming the coating comprises a single layer applied to a metal support or substrate to obtain a single-layer coating. According to another embodiment of the present invention, it is envisaged that the coating is produced by successive passes or successive applications of layers of the same formulation to obtain all single-layer coatings. Advantageously, the coating according to the present invention comprises 1 to 3 passes, preferably 2 passes, of the same layer applied to the substrate. Advantageously, the coating according to the present invention comprises an intermediate layer, preferably two intermediate layers, which may be a decorative layer. Advantageously, the coating according to the present invention is a coating suitable for cooked foods. Advantageously, the coating according to the present invention is a single-layer coating.

[0086] (Decoration) According to one embodiment, the decorative layer is continuous and covers the entire single layer (3). According to another embodiment, the decorative layer is discontinuous, does not cover the entire single layer (3), and forms at least one decoration.

[0087] Advantageously, the decorative layer is composed of a plurality of decorations, one (i) containing one or more thermochromic pigments and the other (j) containing at least one reference temperature pigment composition. According to one embodiment, each of the two decorations (i) and (j) is in the form of adjacent non-overlapping patterns. For example, each decoration is represented by different geometric patterns uniformly distributed over the entire surface and arranged alternately with respect to each other. According to another embodiment, the two decorations (i) and (j) are partially overlapping. For example, each decoration is represented by different geometric patterns that are uniformly distributed over the entire surface and partially overlap. Preferably, the two decorations (i) and (j) are overlapping. This is because one of the two decorations is a continuous layer and the other decoration covers it in the form of a pattern, or because the two decorations (i) and (j) are in the form of an overlapping pattern.

[0088] In another embodiment, the decoration is applied directly to the metal substrate (2). The decoration can be applied by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as screen printing or pad printing.

[0089] (Method) The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a coated cooking part (1) according to the present invention, the method comprising the following sequential steps: i. providing a metal substrate (2) having a surface (2a); ii. optionally, pre-treating the surface (2a) of the metal substrate (2) to be coated; iii. applying a layer (3) on the surface (2a) and including.

[0090] The layer (3) in step (iii) can be applied by electrostatic powder coating, spraying in a solvent or aqueous phase, screen printing, roller printing, digital printing.

[0091] By applying a coating agent according to the present invention to a substrate by a method according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a thermally stable coating layer. Generally, this coating layer is wet. For the purposes of the present invention, a "wet layer" is understood to mean that the layer contains all or part of its solvent.

[0092] Preferably, all or part of the solvent of the wet layer is removed naturally or by physical treatment, such as heat drying, air drying, vacuum treatment.

[0093] Advantageously, the coating composition according to the invention can comprise at least one solvent. Advantageously, the solvent can be protic. Advantageously, the solvent can be non-toxic. Advantageously, the solvent that can be used in the coating composition according to the invention can comprise at least one alcohol and can preferably be selected from isopropanol, methanol, ethanol and mixtures thereof.

[0094] According to a variant of the method according to the invention, the coating can be applied as several layers. In this case, the deposition of at least one coating composition according to the invention is repeated several times on at least one of the two opposite faces (front and back faces) of the substrate. Preferably, according to this variant, a drying step is carried out between the application of each layer and then the coated substrate is cured after the application of the last layer.

[0095] The coating formulation applied is generally in aqueous form and the polymer of the polymer phase is in suspension form. Other non-aqueous solvents are also suitable.

[0096] Advantageously, the method for manufacturing the coated cooking part (1) according to the invention comprises one or more drying steps at between 80 and 150 °C after the application of each layer. Drying can be carried out by convection or by infrared.

[0097] By the method according to the invention, the coating agent according to the invention can be applied onto a flat substrate, onto a shaped substrate or onto a locally flat area of a shaped substrate. A thermally stable coating layer is obtained. Generally, this coating layer is wet.

[0098] Advantageously, the method for manufacturing the coated cooking part (1) according to the invention comprises a step of shaping the substrate (2) before step iii. or after the curing of step iv. Shaping is also called punching.

[0099] If there is a step iii. of applying a coating agent before the forming step, the coating is preferably performed by spraying. If the forming step is performed subsequent to the step iii. of applying a coating agent, it is preferable to perform the coating by screen printing or roller printing.

[0100] Advantageously, the method according to the invention comprises a step iv. of curing the parts obtained in step iii. of the method. For the purposes of the present invention, curing of the coated substrate is understood to mean a heat treatment that enables densification of the coating layer or layers applied to the substrate and also crosslinks the organic polysiloxane precursor (silicone resin).

[0101] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a coated cooking part (1) according to the invention, the method comprising the following sequential steps: i. supplying a metal substrate (2) having a surface (2a); ii. optionally, pre-treating the surface (2a) of the metal substrate (2) to be coated; iii. applying a layer (3) to the surface (2a); iv. curing the parts obtained in step iii and including.

[0102] Curing is carried out in step iv. Generally, the curing temperature in step iv. is 230 °C to 420 °C.

[0103] Advantageously, the method for manufacturing a coated cooking part (1) according to the invention comprises a single final curing step iv. of curing all of the applied layers. This single curing step is carried out simultaneously for all of the applied layers. By this embodiment, it becomes possible to form, fuse, and crosslink all of the layers together to form one layer. In this way, the coating (3) forms a single layer. However, this single layer may not be homogeneous, i.e., it may have compositional non-uniformities such as a concentration gradient of its components.

[0104] (Article) Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cooking utensil (100) including a coated cooking part (1). According to one embodiment, the cooking utensil (100) has a heating surface (6) intended to be brought into contact with an external heat source, and the heating surface (6) is on the side opposite to the cooking surface (5) intended to be brought into contact with food during cooking. Advantageously, the cooking utensil (100) according to the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a saucepan, a frying pan, a skillet or a fondue pot, a raclette, a Dutch oven, a Chinese wok, a sauté pan, a crepe maker, a grill, a griddle, a marmite, a cocotte, an insert for an electric cooker or a pan toaster, or a food mold.

[0105] The present invention also relates to an electric cooking apparatus (200) having the coated cooking part (1) according to the present invention and a heat source (210) configured to heat the coated cooking part (1). Advantageously, the electric cooking apparatus (200) is selected from the group consisting of an electric crepe maker, an electric raclette apparatus, an electric fondue apparatus, an electric grill, an electric griddle, an electric cooker, a bread maker, an electric pressure cooker, a waffle maker, a rice cooker and a jam maker.

[0106] The cooking utensil according to the present invention may particularly be a cooking utensil in which one of the two opposite surfaces of the substrate is an inner surface (optionally concave) intended for the surface on which food is introduced into the article or placed on the article, and the other surface of the substrate is an outer surface (optionally convex) intended to be arranged facing the heat source. Non-limiting examples of the cooking utensil according to the present invention particularly include cooking utensils such as a saucepan, a frying pan, a Chinese wok, a sauté pan, a Dutch oven, a marmite, a crepe maker, a baking mold or sheet, a barbecue grill or a grill, and a cooking bowl.

Example

[0107] The objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description of specific embodiments of the present invention shown as non-limiting examples. Of course, the present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described and illustrated for illustrative purposes only. In particular, from the perspective of the configuration of various elements or by substituting technical equivalents, changes can be made without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention.

[0108] (1) Raw materials: <Metal substrate> The aluminum disk has a thickness of 3.4 mm and a diameter of 340 mm, and is a 4006 alloy in the annealed state. The disk is subjected to a brushing treatment (roughness Ra of about 2 μm).

[0109] <Silicone resin> · RS1: An ethoxy-functionalized methyl organopolysiloxane resin in an aqueous emulsion having a viscosity of about 1500 mPa·s at 25°C and a solids content of 52%; · PDMS_1: A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin, functionalized PDMS, in an aqueous emulsion having a solids content of 62%.

[0110] <Polyaryletherketone> · Under the name of VICOTE Coating Agent F804 "Vicote F804", an aqueous dispersion of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) manufactured by VICTREX, particle size D50 = 10 μm, dry extract 35%, pH 9.6 - 11.9, viscosity about 11 seconds (DIN Cup #6).

[0111] <Aromatic thermoplastic polymer> · Polyamideimide (PAI) powder resin, TORLON Al10LS manufactured by SOLVAY, a powder containing 90% dry extract in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP / water); · Polyimide (PI) powder resin: P84® NT manufactured by Evonik.

[0112] <Reinforcing filler> · Aerosil R972 (Evonik): Post-treated dimethyldichlorosilane, fumed silica, specific surface area (BET) = 90 - 130 m2 / g; · LEVASIL CC301: Colloidal silica in an aqueous phase having a solids content of 30%; · Alumina: Alteo alumina CAHPF 240 (D50 = 45 - 50 μm), 100%.

[0113] <Pigment> · Sicopal black K0098FK (Sun Chemical): Chromium / Iron Oxide Powder, Index = P.BR.29.

[0114] <Alcohol Solvent> · 2 - Methoxy - 1 - methylethyl acetate (MPA); · Butyl glycol acetate (BGA); · Butyl acetate (BA).

[0115] <Additive> <Defoamer> · Moussex 7114HL manufactured by Synthon.

[0116] <Other Additives> <Acrylic Resin> · MODAREZ SD15 manufactured by Synthon having a dry extract of 30% in an aqueous phase.

[0117] (Operating Principle of Ball Mill (Mechanical Grinder)) Ball mill grinding consists of the steps of loading the sample to be ground and so - called grinding balls into a jar, and rotating the jar around the axis at a constant speed. Usually, the jar is rotated by a roller device. The sample can be ground in a dry state or dispersed in a suitable solvent (such as water or alcohol) and then ground. Also, the dispersion may contain specific auxiliary agents (such as dispersants and defoamers).

[0118] The average diameter of the grinding balls must be adapted to the size of the particles to be ground. The finer the particles, the smaller the diameter of the balls to be used. The total volume of the balls, including the voids between them, occupies about 50 - 60% of the internal volume of the jar. Advantageously, balls of different sizes are distributed according to the following weight ratios with respect to the total weight of the balls: 25% small balls, 50% medium balls, 25% large balls. The size of the smallest balls is 2 - 10 mm. Generally, alumina and stabilized zirconia are used as the material of the balls.

[0119] (2) Examples of cooking utensils according to the present invention: The coating is applied flat on a flat aluminum disk. The aluminum disk is an annealed 4006 alloy having a thickness of 3.4 mm and a diameter of 340 mm. The disk has been brushed (roughness Ra of about 2 μm).

[0120] Selecting from the layer compositions described below, a single continuous layer (3) according to the present invention (the layers of Examples 1 - 3 according to the present invention and the layers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 outside the scope of the present invention) is deposited on the aluminum disk by screen printing.

[0121] The coating by screen printing is carried out according to the following parameters. · 1 - 4 application passes, preferably 2 - 3 passes; · It is also envisaged to carry out partial drying between each pass before applying the next coating; · Final curing is carried out in an oven at 230 - 420 °C for 10 - 30 minutes, and then the disk is cooled; · The resulting thickness is 20 - 50 μm, preferably 30 - 40 μm.

[0122] The coated disk is pressed to form a frying pan with an inner diameter of 26 cm.

[0123] According to the principle of the ball mill, an aqueous composition of a single coating layer (3) is prepared. As described above, ball mill grinding is carried out in a jar. The dispersion may contain specific auxiliaries (such as a dispersant or an antifoaming agent).

[0124]

Table 2

[0125]

Table 3

[0126]

Table 4

[0127]

Table 5

[0128]

Table 6

[0129] (Method for evaluating the properties of the non-stick coating: egg performance test) Using the egg test applied to paragraph 3.3.2 of AFNOR NF D 21-511, the method for evaluating the properties of the non-stick coating is carried out as follows: The sample is washed and the remaining moisture is wiped off. The inner surface of the container body is dried in advance. The cooking container is heated to 140 - 170 °C on a gas stove. Break an egg of caliber (French size indication) 60 / 65, pour it into the center of the hot cooking container, and coagulate the egg (6 - 9 minutes). Remove the egg from the cooking container with a spatula, wash the coating with a moistened vegetable sponge, and evaluate and record the resistance of the cooking container to burning through this operation: Grade 100: The egg can be completely removed with a plastic spatula; Grade 75: The eggs are not completely removed, but the coating can be easily cleaned with a moistened sponge; Grade 50: The eggs are not completely removed, but the coating can be cleaned with a moistened sponge; Grade 25: The eggs are not completely removed, and the coating cannot be cleaned with a moistened sponge; Grade 0: The eggs are not removed, and the coating cannot be cleaned with a moistened sponge.

[0130]

Table 7

Claims

1. A coated cooking part (1) for a cooking utensil or an electric cooking appliance, having a metal substrate (2) at least one surface (2a) of which is covered with a single layer (3), wherein one surface (3a) of the single layer (3) is in contact with the metal substrate (2), and one surface (3b) forms a cooking surface, and the single layer (3) is composed of one or more silicone resins, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, optionally one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymers, one or more fillers and / or one or more additives and / or one or more colorants, and the heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI) and polybenzimidazole (PBI). Coated cooking part (1).

2. The silicone resin is selected from the group consisting of methyl silicone resin and / or phenyl silicone resin and / or methylphenyl silicone resin, methyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), phenyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), methylphenyl silicone-polyester resin (copolymer), silicone-alkyd resin (copolymer), modified silicone resin, and mixtures thereof. Coated cooking part (1) according to claim 1.

3. The single layer (3) contains one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of ceramic fillers, and / or inorganic and / or metal fillers and / or silica and / or diamond particles. Coated cooking part (1) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The aromatic thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(aryl ether sulfone) (PAES), polyether sulfone (PES), polyphenylene ether sulfone (PPSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), poly(arylene sulfide) (PAS), and polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), and the polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) includes polyether ketone (PEK), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone ketone (PEKK), polyether ether ketone ketone (PEEKK), and polyether ketone ether ketone ketone (PEKEKK), and mixtures thereof, and the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that it contains them.

5. The metal substrate (2) is an aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron or cast aluminum, iron, titanium or copper substrate, and the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized in that it is such.

6. The thickness of the single layer (3) is between 10 and 100 μm, preferably between 20 μm and 85 μm, and particularly preferably between 30 and 70 μm, and the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that it consists of such.

7. The ratio of the silicone resin in the single layer (3) is 30% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the layer (3), and the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized in that it is such.

8. The ratio of the filler in the single layer (3) is less than 10% by weight based on the total weight of the single layer (3), and the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized in that it is such.

9. The single layer (3) contains one or more additives, and the ratio of the additives in the single layer (3) is less than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the single layer (3), and the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is characterized in that it is such.

10. A method for manufacturing the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising the following sequential steps: i. providing a metal substrate (2) having a surface (2a); ii. optionally, pre-treating the surface (2a) of the metal substrate (2) to be coated; iii. applying a layer (3) to the surface (2a) A method characterized by including

11. A cooking utensil (100) characterized by including the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 9.

12. The cooking utensil (100) according to Claim 11, having a heating surface (6) intended to be brought into contact with an external heat source, the heating surface (6) being on the side opposite to the cooking surface (5) intended to be brought into contact with food during cooking.

13. The cooking utensil (100) according to Claim 11 or Claim 12, characterized by being selected from the group consisting of a sauce pan, a frying pan, a skillet or a fondue pot, a raclette, a Dutch oven, a Chinese wok, a sauté pan, a crepe maker, a grill, a griddle, a marmite, a cocotte, an insert for an electric cooker or a pan toaster, or a food mold.

14. An electric cooking device (200) characterized by having the coated cooking part (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 and a heat source (210) configured to heat the coated cooking part (1).

15. The electric cooking device (200) according to Claim 14, characterized by being selected from the group consisting of an electric crepe maker, an electric raclette device, an electric fondue device, an electric grill, an electric griddle, an electric cooker, a bread maker, an electric pressure cooker, a waffle maker, a rice cooker and a jam maker.

Images