Image source, display device, head-up display device and traffic device

Abstract

The display device includes an image source assembly (100), a refractive element (500), and a processing unit. The image source assembly (100) emits image light rays, the refractive element (500) is located on the light exit side of the image source assembly (100) and changes the optical path of at least some of the image light rays to change the imaging distance of a virtual image formed by the image light rays, and the processing unit is located on the light exit side of the refractive element (500) and reflects at least some of the image light rays to form a virtual image. The display device includes an image source (10), the image source (10) including a light compensation assembly (11) and a light modulation layer (12), the light compensation assembly (11) emits light source rays, the light source rays are incident on the light modulation layer (12), the light modulation layer (12) converts the incident light source rays into image rays, and the image rays are emitted from the light output surface of the image source (10), the light compensation assembly (11) makes the light source rays incident on different positions on the light input surface of the light modulation layer (12) with at least one deflection angle, the deflection angle being the included angle between the light source rays and the normal to the light input surface of the light modulation layer (12). A head-up display device including the display device, and a traffic device including the head-up display device are further disclosed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application Nos. 202211730145.8 and 202211735407.X filed on December 30, 2022, and to Chinese Patent Application Nos. 202221974800.X and 202221974843.8 filed on July 28, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an image source, a display device, a head-up display device, and a traffic device. [Background technology]

[0003] A head-up display (HUD) uses a reflective optical design to project light rays emitted from an image source onto an imaging window (such as an imaging plate or windshield), allowing the user to directly view the virtual image on the HUD without lowering their head. For example, a head-up display can help drivers avoid the distraction of lowering their head to look at the dashboard while driving, improving driving safety and providing a better driving experience.

[0004] AR-HUD is a combination of augmented reality (AR) technology and a head-up display (HUD), which has a larger field of view and a longer imaging distance, and aims to directly superimpose a virtual image on the real scene. However, if the virtual image distance (VID) of the AR-HUD's virtual image does not match the real scene, the user's gaze will switch between the real scene and the virtual image, causing visual fatigue.

[0005] Due to the influence of multiple factors, such as the curves and straightness of the lane, changes in the direction of the vehicle, the position of obstacles, and the shape of the real scene, it is difficult to blend the virtual image with the real scene. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the imaging plane of the HUD's virtual image, forming a folded imaging plane based on different real scenes, so that different virtual image distances can be included locally in the virtual image, thereby achieving a better blending effect with the real scene.

[0006] The contents of the background art are merely intended to disclose the techniques known to the inventors and are not intended to represent prior art in this field. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an image source, the image source including an image source assembly, a refractive member, and a processing unit, wherein the image source assembly is configured to emit image light rays, the refractive member is disposed on a light exit side of the image source assembly and configured to change optical paths of at least some of the image light rays to change an imaging distance of at least some of a virtual image formed by the image light rays, the processing unit is disposed on the light exit side of the refractive member and configured to propagate at least some of the image light rays to an eyebox region, and the at least some of the image light rays processed by the processing unit include refracted light rays that are emitted from the image source assembly and exit through the refractive member.

[0008] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display device, including any image source according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, i.e., the display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes an image source assembly, a refractive member, and a processing unit, wherein the image source assembly is configured to emit image light rays, the refractive member is disposed on a light exit side of the image source assembly and configured to change optical paths of at least some of the image light rays to change an imaging distance of at least some of a virtual image formed by the image light rays, the processing unit is disposed on the light exit side of the refractive member and configured to propagate at least some of the image light rays to an eyebox region, and at least some of the image light rays processed by the processing unit include refracted light rays that are emitted from the image source assembly and exit through the refractive member.

[0009] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an image source, the image source including the image source assembly and a light compensation assembly, the image source assembly including a light modulation layer, the light compensation assembly configured to emit light source rays, the light source rays incident on the light modulation layer, the light modulation layer configured to convert the incident light source rays into image light rays and emit the image light rays from an exit surface of the image source, the image light rays propagating to an eyebox region to form a virtual image, and the light compensation assembly configured to make the light source rays incident on different positions of the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, the deflection angle being an included angle between the light source rays and a normal to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer.

[0010] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display device, comprising any image source according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, the display device further comprising the refractive member and a processing unit.

[0011] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a head-up display device, which includes any image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure or any display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a traffic device, the traffic device including any head-up display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only related to some embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1A] A schematic diagram of a head-up display is shown. [Figure 1B] 1 shows a schematic diagram of a head-up display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 1C] 2 is a schematic diagram showing an image plane of a virtual image formed by a refractive member. [Figure 1D] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 3] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 4] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 5] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 6] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 7] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 8] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 9] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 10] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 11] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 12] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 13] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive element that changes the surface shape of an image according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 14] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 15A] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 15B] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 16] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 17] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 18] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 19] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 20] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 21] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 22] 1 illustrates a structural schematic diagram of a multi-wavelength band image beam of a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 23] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a light-barrier element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 24] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a display device. [Figure 25] 1 shows a flowchart 1000 of a first light compensation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 26] 2 shows a flowchart 2000 of a second light compensation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 27a]1 illustrates a structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [Figure 27b] 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an uncompensated image source. [Figure 28] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 29] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 30] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 31] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 32] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 33a] 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a deflector layer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 33b] 1 shows an enlarged schematic view of a tooth-like refractive structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 34] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 35] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 36] 1 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] In order to clarify the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, but are not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without requiring creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0016] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are intended to distinguish different components. Similarly, similar terms such as "comprise" or "comprises" mean that the element or object appearing before the term covers the element or object listed thereafter and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or objects. Similar terms such as "connect" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "top," "bottom," "left," "right," and the like are intended to indicate relative positions only; if the absolute positions of the objects being described change, the relative positions may also change accordingly.

[0017] It should be further understood that the terms used in the specification of the present disclosure are merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used in the specification and claims of the present disclosure, the singular forms "a," "one," and "the" are intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should be further understood that the term "and / or," as used in the specification and claims of the present disclosure, means and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0018] Characteristic features such as "parallel," "perpendicular," and "same" used in the examples of the present disclosure all include features such as "parallel," "perpendicular," and "same" in the strict sense, as well as situations including a certain degree of error, such as "approximately parallel," "approximately perpendicular," and "approximately identical." These terms indicate that a particular value falls within an acceptable deviation range determined by a person skilled in the art for that value, taking into account the error associated with measurement and the measurement of a particular quantity (e.g., limitations of the measurement system). For example, "approximately" can indicate that the value is within one or more standard deviations, or within 10% or 5% of the value. When the quantity of a component is not specifically specified below in the examples of the present disclosure, this means that there may be one or more of the component, or it may be understood as at least one. "At least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to at least two.

[0019] The drawings in this disclosure are not strictly drawn to actual scale, and the number of image sources and images in the display device is not limited to the numbers shown in the drawings, and the specific size and number of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in this disclosure are merely schematic diagrams.

[0020] It should be noted that the sizes and proportions of elements and the sizes of geometric paths in the drawings of this disclosure are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting as being the actual sizes and proportions of elements and the sizes of geometric paths, and the specific lengths of geometric paths should be understood by referring to the textual descriptions.

[0021] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features via another feature between them without direct contact. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "on the upper side" of a second feature can include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "on the lower side" of a second feature can include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0022] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, specific example components and arrangements are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and / or characters in different examples; this repetition is for simplicity and clarity and does not indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. Furthermore, while the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, those skilled in the art may conceive of other process applications and / or the use of other materials.

[0023] The term "visually blended with the real environment" refers to the image presented by the HUD as seen by the observer's eyes through the eyebox area essentially blending with the real environment.

[0024] In some examples, to solve the problem of visual convergence, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device including an image source assembly, a refractive element, and a processing unit, wherein the image source assembly is configured to emit image light rays, the refractive element is configured to refract the incident image light rays and output the refracted light rays, and the processing unit is used to propagate the light rays output from the refractive element to an eyebox region so that a user's eyes receive the light rays when they are within the eyebox region, thereby enabling the user to see a virtual image. By installing a refractive element with a refractive index greater than 1, the optical paths of at least some of the image light rays are changed, thereby realizing a change in the imaging distance of at least some region of the virtual image.

[0025] Of course, in some other examples, an image source of a predetermined shape (e.g., a curved image source) can be used to emit image rays, thereby varying the optical path of at least some of the image rays and gradually changing the imaging distance from at least some regions of the virtual image to the eye, thereby achieving gradual zoom of the virtual image.

[0026] The gradual zoom may be a gradual zoom of the virtual image in one of the directions perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the ground, or a gradual zoom in a combination of the two directions, and is not limited thereto.

[0027] FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of a head-up display (HUD). As shown in FIG. 1A, the HUD for a vehicle includes an image source assembly 100, a reflecting member 200, and a processing unit (e.g., the processing unit may include a magnifying assembly 300 and an imaging window 400), forming a complete optical path. The image source assembly 100 emits image light, which is reflected by the reflecting member 200, magnified by the magnifying assembly 300, and finally reflected by the imaging window 400 (e.g., a windshield) to the user, entering the eyebox area, allowing the user to view a virtual image. The eyebox area may be the area where the user's eyes are located when viewing a virtual image of the HUD. Typically, a certain area is set during the HUD design process to ensure that the user can view the virtual image of the HUD when their eyes are within the area.

[0028] When a virtual image needs to present some content corresponding to environmental objects, such as an arrow indicating a roadside restaurant or an arrow indicating a turning direction at an intersection, if the imaging positions of these content match the positions of the actual environmental objects, a good visual sensation can be provided to the user. However, the inventor's research has found that the virtual images of conventional HUDs are all perpendicular to the road surface and have a fixed imaging distance, making it difficult for such virtual images to consistently blend content with environmental objects. For example, due to differences in the degree of curvature of the road, changes in the direction of the vehicle, and the shape of obstacles, the virtual image of a HUD with a single imaging distance has difficulty blending well with the real environment, resulting in problems such as parallax and visual congestion, which affect the user's experience.

[0029] The parallax problem in HUDs is caused by a misalignment between the virtual image and the corresponding environmental object, which causes the position of the virtual image seen by at least one of the user's left and right eyes to be misaligned with the environmental object, resulting in the AR content appearing unrealistic. When the virtual image is misaligned with the environmental object, a discrepancy exists between the actual physical focal length of the eyes when viewing the virtual image and the focal length of the environmental object. This causes the perceived distance of the virtual image perceived by the brain to differ from the actual physical focal length. As a result, convergence and accommodation cannot synchronize and work together, causing discomfort to the user. For example, when content related to an environmental object (i.e., AR content) needs to be projected as a virtual image, a virtual image with only a single imaging distance cannot properly blend the AR content with the real scene.

[0030] The present disclosure provides a refractive element, an image source device, a display device, a traffic device, and a display method to easily match the positions of AR content and environmental objects, which may mean that the positions of the two overlap or that the distance is relatively short (as long as the proximity of the distance meets the usage needs). In some embodiments, at least one of the at least one virtual image provided by the HUD is gradually zoomed, for example, the imaging distance of part or all of the gradually zooming virtual image gradually changes, thereby reducing problems of parallax and visual convergence, for example, to match environmental objects at different distances and present corresponding AR content.

[0031] The display device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be a head-up display, or may be a non-head-up display type display device that can use the technical solutions of the present disclosure.

[0032] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a refractive member, wherein at least one of a distance between a light exit surface and a light entrance surface of at least a portion of the refractive member and a refractive index is changed, whereby light rays corresponding to different positions on at least a portion of the light exit surface of the refractive member take different optical paths within the refractive member.At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device, the display device including an image source assembly, a refractive member, and a processing unit.The image source assembly is configured to emit image light rays, the refractive member is located on the light exit side of the image source assembly and is configured to change the optical paths of at least some of the image light rays to change an imaging distance at least some of a virtual image formed by the image light rays, the processing unit is located on the light exit side of the refractive member, and the processing unit is configured to propagate at least some of the image light rays to an eyebox region, and at least some of the image light rays processed by the processing unit include refracted light rays that are emitted from the image source assembly and exit through the refractive member. In this way, by installing a refractive element on the light output side of the image source assembly and changing the optical path of at least some of the image rays, the imaging distance of at least some of the formed virtual image can be changed, thereby adapting to the needs of the application environment and matching the imaging distance of the content displayed in the virtual image with the distance of the environmental object from the user, thereby achieving the effect of always firmly blending the displayed content of the virtual image with the environmental object.

[0033] Specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0034] FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a head-up display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1B, the head-up display device includes an image source assembly 100, a refractive element 500, and a processing unit. For example, the processing unit includes a magnifying assembly 300. For example, the processing unit may further include an imaging window 400. The image source assembly 100 is configured to emit image light rays. The refractive element 500 is disposed on the light exit side of the image source assembly 100 and is configured to at least change the optical path of some of the image light rays to change the imaging distance of at least some of the virtual image formed by the image light rays. The processing unit 300 is disposed on the light exit side of the refractive element 500 and is configured to propagate at least some of the image light rays to the eyebox region to form a virtual image. The at least some of the image light rays processed by the processing unit 300 include refracted light rays that are emitted from the image source assembly 100 and exit through the refractive element 500. For example, the optical paths of refracted light rays emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the light output surface of the refractive element 500 within the refractive element 500 vary, thereby changing the imaging distance of at least a portion of the virtual image formed by the image light rays. For example, by changing the imaging distance of the portion of the virtual image formed by the image light rays close to the viewer, the curvature or tilt of the portion of the virtual image close to the viewer can be changed, thereby adjusting the display effect of the portion of the virtual image close to the viewer, for example, correcting the phenomenon where the portion of the virtual image close to the viewer is poorly curved or too straight (perpendicular to the ground), resulting in a lack of a realistic ground contact effect. Alternatively, by changing the imaging distance of the portion of the virtual image formed by the image light rays away from the viewer, the curvature or tilt of the portion of the virtual image away from the viewer can be changed, thereby adjusting the display effect of the portion of the virtual image away from the viewer, for example, correcting the phenomenon where the portion of the virtual image away from the viewer is too curved. Alternatively, by changing the imaging distance of the entire virtual image formed by the image light, the degree of curvature or tilt of the entire virtual image can be adjusted, thereby achieving a relatively good fusion of the entire virtual image with the driving scene and the information conveyed by the virtual image. For example, if the virtual image is an image of an obstacle, pedestrian, vehicle, etc. on the road ahead in the driving field of view, the entire virtual image can be made to be basically perpendicular to the ground, and if the virtual image is an image of a road sign on the road ahead in the driving field of view, the entire virtual image can be made to have a relatively good ground contact effect.

[0035] In this way, by using a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to adapt to the needs of the application environment, and the imaging distance of the content displayed in the virtual image can be matched to the distance of the environmental object relative to the user, thereby achieving the effect of the content displayed in the virtual image and the environmental object always blending tightly together. For example, by installing the refractive element, the virtual image can be curved to a certain extent, for example, the virtual image can be adapted to changes in the curvature of the road surface in real time, for example, if the virtual image is an image of a road sign on the ground, the image of the road sign can have a better ground contact effect, or the virtual image can be adapted to changes in the direction of the vehicle in real time, adjusting the virtual image according to differences in the outline of an obstacle, or making the virtual image tilted. Furthermore, the display device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can uniformly tilt the tilted image presented to the user (e.g., the driver or passenger) and prevent the presented tilted image from having excessively curved parts, thereby avoiding the problems of unclear information display and the impact on the user's visibility due to excessive curvature of the image, and can better combine the image with the external real object, obtain a better visual effect, and improve the user's usage experience with the display device.

[0036] For example, the processing unit 300 includes a magnifying assembly configured to process the refracted light beam to form an expanded light beam exiting the magnifying assembly 300, and form a virtual image by the expanded light beam to magnify the virtual image.

[0037] In this disclosure, the optical path refers to the product of the geometric path through which light travels and the refractive index of the propagation medium. When the refractive element 500 is installed, the geometric path of the image light beam emitted from the image source assembly 100 to the magnifying assembly 300 includes a portion passing through the refractive element 500 and a portion passing through air. The optical path through the refractive element 500 is the product of the portion of the geometric path of the image light beam that passes through the refractive element 500 and the refractive index of the refractive element 500 through which it passes. Compared to when the image light beam propagates through air of the same shape and volume, the refractive index of the refractive element 500 is different from that of air, so the optical path is adjusted. As the image light beam emitted from the light output surface of the image source assembly 100 propagates from the light output surface of the image source assembly 100 to the magnifying assembly 300, the refractive element 500 adds an additional optical path to the optical path of the image light beam during this propagation process. The product of the portion of the geometric path of the image light beam that passes through the refractive element 500 and the refractive index of the refractive element 500 through which it passes is the additional optical path. Alternatively, the above-mentioned "additional optical path" can be defined as the product of the portion of the geometric path that passes through the refractive member 500 in the process in which the image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the image source assembly 100 propagate to the magnifying assembly 300, and the refractive index difference obtained by subtracting the refractive index of air from the refractive member 500 through which the image light rays pass. The same applies to the meaning of the optical path or optical distance in the following embodiments including the refractive member 120 and the image source assembly 130.

[0038] Image source assembly 100 may be any device capable of forming an image light beam, may be a monochrome image source, may be a color image source, and may further include auxiliary devices outside the image source, such as filters, correction filter sheets, light path compensation members, etc. This disclosure does not limit the specific type of image source assembly 100.

[0039] For example, the image source may be an image source capable of emitting RGB mixed light, a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. Also for example, the image source assembly 100 may include a backlight and a display screen, and the display screen may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a thin film transistor (TFT), a digital light processor (DLP), or a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) that emits a virtual or real image.

[0040] The optional reflecting member 200 includes at least one of a flat mirror, a curved mirror, an aspherical mirror, and a spherical mirror, and its main role is to reflect the image light emitted from the image source assembly 100 to the magnifying assembly 300. One or more reflecting members 200 may be installed, thereby reducing the volume of the HUD, but the reflecting member 200 is not essential and may be omitted.

[0041] The magnifying assembly 300 can be composed of one or more optical elements, such as a reflective optical assembly, a refractive optical assembly, or a diffractive optical assembly, and can appropriately magnify and project the virtual image displayed by the image source assembly 100, allowing the user to view the magnified virtual image. The magnifying assembly 300 can be any optical structure capable of magnifying an image, and the present disclosure does not limit this. For example, the magnifying assembly 300 can be a concave mirror, a free-form mirror, or an HOE film or optical waveguide that performs the magnifying function. Preferably, the magnifying assembly 300 uses a concave reflecting mirror, and the processing unit may further include an imaging window 400 (e.g., a windshield). The magnifying assembly 300 can be combined with the imaging window 400 included in the processing unit to eliminate virtual image distortion caused by the imaging window 400.

[0042] The refractive element 500 may be a transparent solid medium such as a transparent plastic medium or a transparent crystal, or may be a liquid or colloid that can generate a refractive effect, and any material that can change the optical path can be selected.

[0043] The function of the refractive element 500 is to change the optical path of the image light rays when the image light rays pass through the refractive element 500. Because environmental objects in a real scene are different, a virtual image with the required tight blending characteristics needs to have a complex surface shape and / or tilt angle, and by installing the refractive element 500 whose refractive index is different from that of air, the required surface shape and / or tilt angle can be formed in a way that changes the optical path.

[0044] 1B , the dashed lines indicate image rays that are not altered by the refractive element 500, and the solid lines indicate image rays that have been altered after passing through the refractive element 500, which together form a virtual image shape different from that shown in FIG. 1A . The shape of the light exit surface of the refractive element 500, as well as thickness variations and refractive index variations at various locations on the refractive element 500, are combined to determine the surface shape and / or tilt angle of the virtual image. The virtual image formed after passing through the refractive element 500 may include a tile portion blending with the ground, at least one left portion or right portion, and may further include a vertical portion in front, a portion of the sky, etc. These portions may be formed by the same image source or multiple image sources.

[0045] 1C is a schematic diagram of the image plane of a virtual image formed by a refractive element. As shown in FIG. 1C, the image plane of the virtual image is deformed under the influence of the refractive element 500. The deformation of the image plane of the virtual image may change from a flat surface to a curved surface, such as a curved image, U-shaped, dustpan-shaped, or other arc-shaped surface, or from a curved surface to a flat surface, or may have different curvatures, directions of curvature, etc.

[0046] 1D is a structural schematic diagram of a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1D, the display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes an image source assembly 130 (corresponding to the image source assembly 100 in FIG. 1B), a refractive member 120, and a magnifying assembly 300, where the image source assembly 130 is configured to emit image light rays, the refractive member 120 (corresponding to the refractive member 500 in FIG. 1B) is configured to refract the incident image light rays and output the refracted light rays, and the magnifying assembly (corresponding to the magnifying assembly 300 in FIG. 1B) is configured to magnify at least the incident refracted light rays and output the magnified light rays for forming an image. The image light beams emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the output surface of the refractive element 120 follow different optical paths within the refractive element 120, and / or the optical paths within the refractive element of the image light beams emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the output surface of the refractive element and the magnified light beams formed after the refracted light beams are processed by the magnifying assembly 300 form the virtual image, and the change in the virtual image formed by the magnified light beams has a correlation with the reference image, where the reference image is an image formed by the magnified light beams obtained after the image light beams emitted from the image source assembly are processed by the magnifying assembly 300 in a case where the refractive element is not present. The magnified light beams are light beams emitted from the magnifying assembly 300 after the image light beams are processed by the magnifying assembly 300. The correlation indicates that the change in the image formed by the magnified light beams relative to the reference image is related to the change in the optical path of the light beams by the refractive element. For example, by changing the optical path of a light ray, a refractive element can change an originally curved reference image into a flat image, or can change an originally flat reference image into an image of a curved surface, or can further change an originally curved reference image into an image of the surface shape of another curved surface, but is not limited to these.

[0047] Based on this, the present disclosure adds a refractive element 120 to a display device (e.g., a HUD) to change the optical path of at least some of the light rays, thereby making the regional imaging distances of different positions of the virtual image different, thereby achieving the purpose of gradually changing the imaging distance of the virtual image, so that even if the distance of the vehicle to the environmental object changes, the AR content presented in the virtual image can be well matched with the corresponding environmental object, thereby solving the problems of parallax and / or visual congestion and improving the user experience of the HUD.

[0048] The magnification assembly may also be called an optical relay assembly, and may be composed of a single or multiple optical elements such as a reflective optical assembly, a refractive optical assembly, or a diffractive optical assembly, and may appropriately magnify and project the image light beam displayed by the image source assembly toward a reflective imaging unit (e.g., a windshield), whereby the light beam is reflected by the reflective imaging unit to the eyebox, allowing the user to view a virtual image.

[0049] When the refractive element 120 is installed, the geometric path of the image light ray emitted from the image source assembly 130 to the magnification assembly 140 includes a portion that passes through the refractive element 120 and a portion that passes through air, and may further include other portions if other optical devices exist between the two, and this embodiment is not limited in this regard.

[0050] Since there is a correspondence between the optical paths of the image rays at different positions in the reference image and the imaging distances at the corresponding positions in the virtual image, the imaging distances at each position in the virtual image can be adjusted by adjusting the shape of the light exit surface of the refractive element 120, the thickness variations at various points on the refractive element 120, and the refractive index at each position on the refractive element, and the virtual image can then be formed into an appropriate image surface shape (which can be abbreviated as surface shape).

[0051] 2 to 13 are schematic diagrams illustrating the structure of a refractive member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which changes the surface shape of the image.

[0052] 2 to 13, the virtual image formed through the refractive element 120 may include at least a left portion, or may include a tile portion (G) that blends with the ground, and at least one left portion (L) or right portion (R), and may further include a front vertical portion (F), a sky portion (T), etc., which should belong to the same virtual image. The planar shape of the light output surface of the refractive element 120 may be tapered or trapezoidal, etc.

[0053] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the deformation of the virtual image may be from a flat surface to a curved surface, from a curved surface to a flat surface, or may be a curved surface with different curvature degrees, curvature directions, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0054] As shown in FIGS. 2 to 13, the display device is configured so that a user views a virtual image through an eyebox region of the display device, and the virtual image includes at least a left virtual image portion and / or a right virtual image portion.

[0055] Alternatively, the display device is configured so that the user can observe a virtual image through the eyebox area of the display device, and the virtual image includes at least a first virtual image portion and a second virtual image portion whose extension directions of the image plane intersect, and the first virtual image portion and the second virtual image portion are connected.

[0056] Alternatively, the display device is configured so that a user can observe a virtual image through an eyebox region of the display device, the virtual image including at least a first virtual image portion and a second virtual image portion whose extension directions of the image plane intersect, and the light rays for forming the first virtual image portion and the second virtual image portion are from the same image source display included in the display device.

[0057] The above virtual image is a continuous virtual image, or the virtual image includes a plurality of virtual image portions whose extension directions of the image plane intersect and at least a portion of adjacent virtual image portions are connected, and / or the display device includes an image source assembly having an image source display, the image source display including a first display area and a second display area, the image light rays emitted from the first display area corresponding to the left virtual image portion and / or the right virtual image portion, and the image light rays emitted from the second display area corresponding to another portion of the virtual image.

[0058] The magnifying assembly includes a curved zoom mirror, the surface shape of which matches the image surface shape of at least a portion of the virtual image.

[0059] From the viewpoint of the virtual image, the continuous virtual image formation can be divided into a left virtual image section (L), a right virtual image section (R), a front lower sub-virtual image section (ground virtual image section) (G), a front sub-virtual image section (F), and a front upper sub-virtual image section (sky virtual image section) (T).

[0060] The combination of consecutive virtual images can be as follows: 1, L - left side only, R - right side only, LR - both left and right. 2, LG-left side + ground, RG-right side + ground. 3. LGR - both left and right sides + ground. 4. LGR+F-left and right sides+ground+front. 5, LGR+F+T-Both left and right sides + ground + front + sky.

[0061] Also, settings such as LGF, RGF, LGT, and RGT may be used depending on the needs of the imaging assembly.

[0062] Since the cockpit installation position may be different in different countries, the virtual image on one side can be applied to different countries (left and right handle), and in the virtual image on one side, the formed virtual image is a continuous transition.

[0063] For example, in some examples, the display device can be configured so that the user observes a virtual image formed by the display device in the eyebox region, the virtual image including at least a first virtual image portion and a second virtual image portion whose extension directions of the image plane intersect, and the first virtual image portion and the second virtual image portion are connected.

[0064] As can be understood here, according to actual needs, the area where the observer needs to view the image, i.e., the eyebox area, can be preset, and the eyebox area refers to the area where the observer's both eyes are located and can view the image displayed by the display device, and may be, for example, a planar area or a three-dimensional area.

[0065] For example, the first virtual image portion and the second virtual image portion may be any two sets of virtual images from the corresponding left virtual image portion (L), right virtual image portion (R), front lower sub-virtual image portion (G), front sub-virtual image portion (F) and front upper sub-virtual image portion (T).

[0066] 2 to 13 show schematic diagrams of imaging states of a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, where the imaging states are L, L+G, L+R+F, L+T, L+R+G, L+R+G+T, L+R+T, L+R+T+G+F rectangular box, L+R+T+G+F adjustment, and R, respectively.

[0067] The display device according to the first embodiment is configured so that a user can view a virtual image through an eyebox region of the display device, the virtual image including at least a left virtual image portion (L) and / or a right virtual image portion (R), i.e., a corresponding left virtual image portion (L) and a corresponding right virtual image portion (R).

[0068] As can be understood, for example, in some embodiments, the type of virtual image portion can be determined based on the position of the virtual image portion relative to the driving path in the user's visual perception, and for example, the virtual image portion may be a left virtual image portion located on the left side of the driving path, a right virtual image portion located on the right side of the driving path, or a front virtual image portion located between the left virtual image portion and the right virtual image portion.

[0069] For example, in some embodiments, the virtual image may include one virtual image portion, or the virtual image may include two virtual image portions, and the extension directions of the image planes where the two virtual image portions are located intersect or are essentially parallel, or the virtual image may include at least three virtual image portions, and the extension directions of the image planes where at least some adjacent virtual image portions are located intersect.

[0070] For example, when the virtual image includes only the left virtual image portion (L), the virtual image is a continuous virtual image. That is, in this state, the screen content of the left virtual image portion (L) may be continuous or discontinuous, but the overall image of the left virtual image portion (L) is a non-tiling and / or continuously zooming virtual image, thereby solving problems such as the user's parallax and / or visual convergence by forming a continuously zooming virtual image during the process of the user observing the left virtual image portion (L).

[0071] Similarly, for example, the virtual image may be configured to include only the right virtual image portion (R), and in this case, the virtual image is also a continuous virtual image. That is, in this state, the screen content of the right virtual image portion (R) may be continuous or discontinuous, but the overall image formation of the right virtual image portion (R) is a non-tiling, continuously zooming virtual image, thereby solving problems such as the user's parallax and / or visual convergence by forming a continuously zooming virtual image while the user is observing the left virtual image portion (L).

[0072] For example, the virtual image may be configured to simultaneously include a left virtual image portion (L) and a right virtual image portion (R), and even in this configuration, the virtual image is a continuous virtual image. That is, the screen content of the left virtual image portion (L) or the right virtual image portion (R) may be continuous or discontinuous, but the overall images of the left virtual image portion (L) and the right virtual image portion (R) are both non-tiling, continuously zooming virtual images. Furthermore, if the left virtual image portion (L) and the right virtual image portion (R) are connected, the connection point between them is also a non-tiling, continuously zooming virtual image.

[0073] Furthermore, the virtual image formed by the display device may further include an intermediate virtual image section, which includes one or more of a front-lower sub-virtual image section (G), a front sub-virtual image section (F), and a front-upper sub-virtual image section (T). For example, the front-lower sub-virtual image section (G), the front sub-virtual image section (F), and the front-upper sub-virtual image section (T) respectively display a screen on the ground, a screen in front, and a screen of the sky, in that order.

[0074] For example, one or more of the left virtual image section (L), right virtual image section (R), front lower sub-virtual image section (G), front sub-virtual image section (F) and front upper sub-virtual image section (T) can be configured to be perpendicular to the ground or inclined with respect to the ground.

[0075] The virtual image is configured so that any adjacent virtual image portions are connected, and the connection points of the adjacent virtual image portions are non-tiling, continuously zooming virtual images. For example, the finally formed continuous virtual image may be configured as a dustpan-type virtual image (LGR+F), that is, including both left and right virtual image portions, a front-lower sub-virtual image portion, and a front sub-virtual image portion, where the left virtual image portion and the front-lower sub-virtual image portion, the left virtual image portion and the front sub-virtual image portion, the right virtual image portion and the front-lower sub-virtual image portion, and the right virtual image portion and the front virtual image portion are all connected. By forming a non-tiling, continuously zooming virtual image, problems such as user parallax and / or visual convergence can be effectively solved. Compared with the U-shaped virtual image (LGR left-ground-right or LFR left-front-right), the dustpan-shaped virtual image (LGR+F) can achieve ground fusion and bilateral fusion, and can also form a screen display that does not affect the distant area in front.

[0076] As can be understood, during the actual setting process, the front-lower sub-virtual image portion (G), the front sub-virtual image portion (F), and the front-upper sub-virtual image portion (T) can be flexibly selected and set in the finally formed virtual image according to needs. In the finally set virtual image, if the intermediate virtual image portion includes more than one of the front-lower sub-virtual image portion (G), the front sub-virtual image portion (F), and the front-upper sub-virtual image portion (T), adjacent virtual image portions of the intermediate virtual image portion are at least partially connected. For example, if the intermediate virtual image portion includes the front-lower sub-virtual image portion (G) and the front sub-virtual image portion (F), at least a portion of the formed image at the connection point between the front-lower sub-virtual image portion (G) and the front sub-virtual image portion (F) is a non-tiling, continuously zooming virtual image. For example, adjacent sub-virtual image portions of the intermediate virtual image portion are completely connected, thereby achieving the effect of better preventing parallax and visual convergence.

[0077] In some embodiments, the display device can be configured to include an image source assembly having an image source display, the image source display including a first display region and a second display region, wherein image light rays emitted from the first display region correspond to a left virtual image portion (L) and / or a right virtual image portion (R), and image light rays emitted from the second display region correspond to other portions of the virtual image. The first display region and the second display region are provided on the same image source display, i.e., the light rays for forming the first virtual image portion and the second virtual image portion originate from the same image source display of the display device.

[0078] 2 to 4, the imaging distance at different positions in the virtual image formed by the display device gradually changes in the forward direction (for example, the direction from eyebox 110 in FIG. 2 to the representative point of the image). Note that the ground described in this embodiment is not limited to a strictly horizontal ground, and the horizontal and vertical described in this embodiment are not limited to absolute horizontal and vertical; the horizontal can be understood as being horizontal with respect to the ground, and the horizontal is a horizontal that allows for an error in construction, and similarly, the vertical can be understood as being vertical with respect to the ground, and the vertical is a vertical that allows for an error in construction.

[0079] As can be seen with reference to Figures 2 to 13, by combining different refractive elements, refractive elements covering different areas of the image source, covering different positions, etc., it is possible to form virtual images with different image plane shapes and / or tilt angles, and different positions in polar coordinates.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive element 120 may include a tilt angle-adjusting refractive element and / or an image surface shape-adjusting refractive element. For example, the refractive element 120 may adjust only the tilt angle of the virtual image, e.g., adjust the virtual image from a first tilt angle to a second tilt angle. Alternatively, the refractive element 120 may adjust only the image surface shape, e.g., adjust a flat virtual image to a curved virtual image, or adjust a curved virtual image to a flat virtual image, or adjust a curved virtual image to another curved virtual image, etc.

[0081] For the tilt angle-adjustable refractive element, refer to FIG. 1D , the display device further includes a reflective imaging unit 200, and an enlarged light beam corresponding to the refracted light beam is reflected by the reflective imaging unit 200 to form a virtual image; assuming that the refractive element 120 is not present, the enlarged light beam is reflected by the reflective imaging unit 200 to form a reference image; and the refractive element 120 is configured to adjust a first included angle between the reference image and the horizontal direction to a second included angle between the virtual image and the horizontal direction.

[0082] For example, assuming that the display device does not include the refractive element 120, the display device forms a reference image, which forms a first included angle with the horizontal direction (e.g., perpendicular to the ground). In this embodiment, the display device includes the refractive element 120, which adjusts the optical paths of at least some of the image rays, so that the virtual image actually formed by the display device forms a second included angle with the horizontal direction, which is different from the first included angle.

[0083] For the image surface shape adjusting refractive element, refer to FIG. 1D , the display device further includes a reflective imaging unit 200, and an enlarged light ray corresponding to the refracted light ray forms a virtual image after being reflected by the reflective imaging unit 200; assuming that there is no refractive element 120, the enlarged light ray forms a reference image after being reflected by the reflective imaging unit 200; the refractive element 120 is configured to adjust a first image surface shape of the reference image to a second image surface shape of the virtual image, and the second image surface shape is different from the first image surface shape, the first image surface shape is flat and the second image surface shape is flat or curved, or the first image surface shape is curved and the second image surface shape is flat or a curved surface different from the first image surface shape.

[0084] In some examples, in order to cause the virtual image to have a set image plane shape and / or tilt angle, at least one of the distance between the light exit surface and the light entrance surface of at least a portion of the refractive element 120 and the refractive index can be changed, thereby causing the optical paths within the refractive element 120 of light rays corresponding to different positions on at least a portion of the light exit surface of the refractive element 120 to be different.

[0085] For example, if the refractive index is the same at each point of the refractive element, the corresponding positions in the virtual images of light rays passing through different points on the same contour line of the refractive element will be at the same radius in polar coordinates (the polar coordinates can have the origin at the center point of the eyebox region).

[0086] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least a portion of the light exit surface of the tilt angle adjusting refractive element is flat, and / or the light exit surface of the image surface shape adjusting refractive element is flat or curved.

[0087] 14 to 21 show structural schematic diagrams of a refractive member according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0088] 14 to 21, the lower surface of the refractive member 120 is the surface of the refractive member 120 that is closer to the image source assembly 130 and can also be considered as the light incident surface, and the upper surface of the refractive member 120 is the surface of the refractive member 120 that is farther away from the image source assembly 130 and can also be considered as the light exit surface. Of course, the concepts of up and down and left and right relate to the installation position of the refractive member 120, and this embodiment is merely described by way of example.

[0089] In some examples, the thickness of at least a portion of the refractive member 120 varies gradually along at least one direction. The thickness of the refractive member 120 refers to the thickness of the refractive member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the light entrance surface of the refractive member 120. For example, the left-right direction of the paper in FIG. 1D is defined as the length direction of the image source, the direction perpendicular to the paper in FIG. 1D is defined as the width direction of the image source, and the up-down direction of the paper in FIG. 1D is defined as the thickness (also called height) direction of the image source.

[0090] For example, from one end of the refractive member 120 to the other, the thickness of the refractive member 120 can be gradually increased, gradually decreased, gradually increased and then decreased, gradually decreased and then increased, etc. along the length and / or width of the image source.

[0091] 20 and 21, the refractive element 120 may have contour lines on its light-emitting surface, and the lines connecting the points on the light-emitting surface where the refractive element 120 has the same thickness constitute the contour lines of the refractive element 120. At least some of the contour lines of the refractive element 120 may be straight, curved, or broken. The height indicated by the contour lines refers to the height of a position on the light-emitting surface of the refractive element 120 relative to the light-incident surface of the refractive element 120. In this way, the shape and thickness of the light-emitting surface of the refractive element 120 can be tailored to meet specific needs, thereby achieving a desired virtual image. For example, based on the imaging principle, the corresponding positions of image light beams emitted from the same contour line of the refractive element 120 on the virtual image ultimately formed using the image light beams are located on the same circumference of a polar coordinate system, with the polar coordinate system having a set reference point as its origin. The set reference point may be the center of the eyebox or another reference point, but this is not a limitation. Here, the "corresponding position in the virtual image" means that, in the image formation process, the image light rays emitted from the light output surface of the refractive member 120 form a virtual image, and as a result, all of the image light rays emitted from each position (position A) on the light output surface of the refractive member 120 correspond to a position (position B) of the formed virtual image, and therefore the image light rays emitted from the same contour line (corresponding to the above-mentioned position A) of the refractive member 120 also correspond to a position (corresponding to the above-mentioned position B) of the virtual image, and the position (corresponding to the above-mentioned position B) of the virtual image is a corresponding position in the virtual image finally formed using the image light rays emitted from the same contour line (corresponding to the above-mentioned position A) of the refractive member 120. In other words, position B of the virtual image corresponding to position A of the same contour line of the refractive member 120 is on the same circumference of the above-mentioned polar coordinate system.

[0092] In order to meet different surface shapes and / or tilt angles of virtual images, the refractive index and thickness of the refractive element 120 can be adaptively adjusted, and by adjusting the thickness of the refractive element 120, the surface shape of the light output surface of the refractive element 120 can be changed, for example, to form a flat surface shape or a curved surface shape.

[0093] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, at least some of the contour lines of the refractive member 120 are straight lines and are equally or variably spaced along a first or second direction. The first direction may be one of the length or width directions of the image source assembly 130, and the second direction may be the other of the length or width directions of the image source assembly 130. The contour lines of the refractive member 120 may be understood to be lines connecting locations on the refractive member 120 where the thickness is the same.

[0094] Alternatively, at least some of the contour lines of the refractive element 120 are closed curves and are distributed at equal intervals or at variable intervals along the first direction or the second direction, and Figures 20 and 21 show a schematic top view and a schematic three-dimensional structure view of a refractive element 120 whose contour lines are closed curves.

[0095] Alternatively, at least some of the contour lines of the refractive element 120 are non-closed curves and are equally spaced or variably spaced along the first or second direction, or at least some of the contour lines of the refractive element 120 are broken lines and are equally spaced or variably spaced along the first or second direction.

[0096] By installing refractive members 120 of different shapes (refractive members 120 may be made of, for example, glass or other materials that are light transmissive and can change the light path) in image source assembly 130, virtual images of different shapes can be obtained. In this embodiment, a virtual image formed by light rays emitted from one image source assembly is called a layer or one virtual image, and although the imaging distances of different positions on the virtual image may be different, they belong to the same virtual image.

[0097] In this way, different contours or combinations of different contours can be used to create the necessary refractive elements, which in turn can be used to create the necessary virtual images.

[0098] In some preferred embodiments, the contour line is at least one of a U-shape, a rounded polygonal shape, and an L-shape. A refractive element 120 having such contour lines can form a virtual image with a complex image surface shape, thereby presenting AR content at multiple different positions and imaging distances, thereby improving the overall imaging effect of the virtual image.

[0099] The refractive indexes at various points of the refractive element 120 may be consistent or may have a deviation less than a threshold value (e.g., 0.1), and such a refractive element 120 is easier and simpler to process and has lower costs.

[0100] In some other examples, the refractive index of at least some of the refractive members 120 varies gradually along at least one direction, so that the optical paths of light rays at different positions can be made different without changing the thickness of the refractive members at different positions, thereby obtaining a virtual image with a desired image surface shape and tilt angle.

[0101] Of course, the thickness and refractive index of the refractive element 120 can be adjusted in combination to ensure that the optical path meets the needs after the image light is adjusted by the refractive element 120.

[0102] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the contour lines are at least one of U-shaped, rounded polygonal, and L-shaped.

[0103] For example, in one example, the structure of the refractive member 120 is such that the optical path of the image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the area along the left-right direction of the refractive member 120 gradually changes after passing through the refractive member 120, thereby gradually changing the virtual image distance (VID) from different positions in the formed virtual image to the eye.

[0104] For example, in a horizontal polar coordinate system, as the horizontal angle (angle φ in FIG. 2) at different positions on the virtual image gradually increases, the imaging distance at that position gradually decreases. In other words, the imaging distance at least on one side decreases as the angle increases.

[0105] Also, for example, in a vertical polar coordinate system, as the vertical angle (angle θ in FIG. 2) at different positions on the virtual image gradually increases, the imaging distance at that position gradually decreases or increases. The zero point of the vertical angle may be parallel to the ground, but is not limited to this. In other words, the larger the lower viewpoint, the shorter the virtual image distance of the virtual image.

[0106] In this way, some AR contents of the virtual image observed while driving are located on both sides of the road, and the AR contents move to both sides of the user as they get closer to the user, and the size of the AR contents gradually increases, while the AR contents further away are relatively small and located closer to the middle of the road. In this embodiment, the imaging distance of the virtual image can be gradually changed in the horizontal and vertical angles of the polar coordinate system, so that the AR contents can be presented at an appropriate size at a distance that matches the environmental objects, thereby aligning or overlapping the AR contents with the environmental objects, thereby solving the problems of parallax and visual congestion, and realizing the gradual change of POIs (points of interest, such as road signs, traffic lights, pedestrians, vehicles, buildings, etc.) from distant positions to nearby positions.

[0107] By gradually changing the distance from the light entrance surface to the light exit surface of the refractive element 120, the imaging distance of different positions of the virtual image can be adjusted, thereby achieving the effect that if the optical path of part A of the virtual image is relatively short, the imaging distance of part A of the virtual image is long, and if the optical path of part B of the virtual image is relatively long, the imaging distance of part B of the virtual image is short. Referring to Figures 20 to 21, the thickness of the refractive element 120 gradually changes, and the refractive element 120 may be thin at the center and gradually thicken towards the periphery, or the refractive element 120 may be thin at the edge and gradually thicken.

[0108] In addition to using the refractive element 120 to change the virtual image, the refractive element 120 can also be used to flexibly set the position of the image source. The image source can be installed horizontally and, in combination with the refractive element 120, can adjust the position and / or image plane shape of the virtual image. In this way, there is no need to adjust the position of the image source, and the requirements for the installation angle of the image source can be reduced. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the image source can be installed at any other angle, and the required virtual image can be achieved by adding a corresponding refractive element 120. This method can reduce the requirements for the installation angle of the image source, thereby improving efficiency and reducing costs.

[0109] In some examples, the light entrance surface of refractive member 120 is flat and parallel to the light exit surface of image source assembly 130, the refractive index is the same throughout refractive member 120, and the distance between the light exit surface and the light entrance surface of refractive member 120 gradually changes along a direction perpendicular to the light entrance surface and / or a direction parallel to the light entrance surface, where the gradually changing distance includes, but is not limited to, gradually increasing in length, gradually decreasing in length, or a combination of gradually decreasing in length and gradually increasing in length.

[0110] In some other examples, the light entrance surface of refractive member 120 is planar and parallel to the light exit surface of image source assembly 130, the light exit surface of refractive member 120 is planar and parallel to the light entrance surface, and the refractive index of refractive member 120 gradually changes along a direction perpendicular to the light entrance surface and / or a direction parallel to the light entrance surface, where the gradually changing refractive index includes, but is not limited to, gradually increasing, gradually decreasing, or a combination of gradually decreasing and gradually increasing.

[0111] In some further examples, the light entrance surface of refractive member 120 is flat and parallel to the light exit surface of image source assembly 130, and the refractive indexes of at least two regions of refractive member 120 are different along a direction perpendicular to the light entrance surface and / or a direction parallel to the light entrance surface, and the distances from the at least two regions of the light exit surface of refractive member 120 to the light entrance surface are different, so that the optical path gradually changes with position. The gradually changing optical path includes, but is not limited to, gradually lengthening, gradually shortening, or a combination of gradually shortening and gradually lengthening.

[0112] Of course, the structure of the refractive member 120 is not limited to the above three situations, as long as it can realize a gradually zooming virtual image.

[0113] The refractive element 120 may be a transparent solid medium such as a transparent plastic medium or a transparent crystal, or may be a refracting liquid or colloid, as long as it can change the optical path and does not affect imaging. The material of the refractive element 120 may be at least one of an inorganic material, an organic material, and a composite material. For example, the inorganic material may include glass, quartz, etc., the organic material may include a polymer material such as a resin material, and the composite material may include metal oxide-doped polymethyl methacrylate, etc. The material of the refractive element 120 is not limited to the above-mentioned materials, and may be any material that is light-transmitting and has a refractive index different from that of air.

[0114] The refractive member 120 is light transmissive, and the refractive index of the refractive member 120 is different from the refractive index of air, and the refractive index of the refractive member 120 of the present disclosure is greater than the refractive index of air, i.e., greater than 1. The light transmittance of the refractive member 120 to light rays is 60% to 100%. For example, the light transmittance of the refractive member 120 to light rays is 80% to 99%. For example, the light transmittance of the refractive member 120 to light rays is 90% to 99%.

[0115] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive element 120 may have an integrally molded structure, or may be formed by tiling or stacking a plurality of sheet-like sub-refractive elements 120. The plurality of sub-refractive elements 120 may be arranged in order to form a single refractive element 120. The refractive element 120 may include a plurality of stacked sub-refractive elements 120, and the refractive indexes of the sub-refractive elements 120 may be the same or different. The refractive indexes of the sub-refractive elements 120 may be different by using different materials for the sub-refractive elements 120. And / or the refractive indexes of the sub-refractive elements 120 may be different by varying the distances from the light entrance surface to the light exit surface of each sub-refractive element 120.

[0116] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, refractive member 120 covers at least a portion of the light output surface of image source assembly 130, at least a portion of refractive member 120 is disposed in intimate contact with the light output surface of image source assembly 130, or a gas medium layer exists between at least a portion of refractive member 120 and image source assembly 130.

[0117] Here, the refractive element 120 covering at least a portion of the light output surface of the image source assembly 130 means that the orthogonal projection of the refractive element 120 in the plane in which the light output surface of the image source assembly 130 is located overlaps with at least a portion of the light output surface of the image source assembly 130.

[0118] In one case, when a portion of the refractive members 120 is in close contact with the light output surface of the image source assembly 130, a light-transmitting protective element is installed between at least a portion of the refractive members 120 and the light output surface of the image source assembly 130 to prevent the refractive members 120 from adversely affecting the liquid crystal display of the image source assembly 130. By installing the light-transmitting protective element, it is possible to prevent the liquid crystal display screen from being subjected to stress or deformation, which would affect the display effect of the liquid crystal display screen, for example, to avoid contrast loss.

[0119] For example, the light-transmitting protection element is fixed to the load bracket, the refractive member 120 is fixed to the light-emitting surface of the light-transmitting protection element, and the image source assembly 130 further includes a light modulation layer, for example, a liquid crystal display screen, which is in close contact with the light-incident surface of the light-transmitting protection element, and the bottom surface of the liquid crystal display screen is suspended or a stress-relieving structure is provided on the bottom surface of the liquid crystal screen. The refractive member 120 and the light-emitting surface of the image source assembly 130 can be bonded together with an optically transparent adhesive.

[0120] In one specific example, the light-transmitting protection element may be connected to a support frame or other support structure, and the support frame or support structure supports the gravity of the light-transmitting protection element, and when the light-transmitting protection element deforms, the support frame or support structure accommodates this deformation, thereby preventing stress from being applied to the liquid crystal display screen due to the deformation of the light-transmitting protection element.

[0121] The liquid crystal display screen of the image source assembly can be attached to the light-transmitting protective element with a structure such as transparent adhesive, and the edges of the image source assembly are supported and limited by another frame, thereby maintaining the stability of the liquid crystal display screen.

[0122] By providing the light transmission protection element, the light transmission protection element can load the refractive element 120, and prevent the contrast loss of the liquid crystal display screen caused by the gravity of the refractive element 120 acting on the liquid crystal display screen.

[0123] The light-transmitting protective element may have basically the same refractive index and thickness at various locations, and thus the installation of the light-transmitting protective element does not adversely affect the tilt angle and surface shape of the virtual image.

[0124] For example, the material of the transparent protective member may be glass, and the light-transmitting protective element may be a glass block. For example, the material of the transparent protective member may be any transparent material that can be loaded with a refractive element, such as quartz or resin, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the material of the transparent protective member.

[0125] In another embodiment, for example, refractive member 120 covers the entire image source assembly 130, for example, covers the entire light output surface of image source assembly 130, or covers the entire light transmission protection element, image source assembly 130 includes a light modulation layer, the light modulation layer includes a liquid crystal display screen, the light transmission protection element is located between refractive member 120 and image source assembly 130, or the light transmission protection element can be omitted. When the light transmission protection element is omitted, refractive member 120 can replace and fulfill the function of the light transmission protection element.

[0126] When a light-transmitting protection element is provided, the thickness of the light-transmitting protection element is at least 1 / 200 of the diagonal length of the LCD screen. When a light-transmitting protection element is not provided, the minimum thickness of the refractive element 120 must be at least 1 / 200 of the diagonal length of the LCD screen. In this way, the light-transmitting protection element or the refractive element 120 has good rigidity, which can reduce deformation and prevent stress from acting on the LCD screen.

[0127] For example, in another embodiment, the refractive member 120 covers a portion of the image source assembly 130, and the thickness of the refractive member 500 gradually changes in the direction from the portion of the image source assembly 130 covered by the refractive member 120 to the portion of the image source assembly 130 not covered by the refractive member 120, thereby gradually adjusting the portion of the virtual image formed by the light beam corresponding to the portion of the image source assembly 130 covered by the refractive member 120, and thereby gradually deforming the virtual image, for example, adjusting the curvature of the virtual image in this portion, and avoiding cracks or faults in the virtual image, or avoiding excessive deformation, such as excessive curvature, of the virtual image in this portion, thereby solving the technical problem that the curvature of the entire virtual image corresponding to the portion of the image source assembly 130 covered by the refractive member 120 and the portion of the image source assembly 130 not covered by the refractive member 120 is not uniform, which is advantageous in making the tilt degree of the entire virtual image uniform, and providing a better viewing experience to the user.

[0128] For example, the refractive member 120 covers a portion of the light output surface of the image source assembly 130 or covers a portion of the light output surface of the light-transmitting protective element, and the thickness of the refractive member 500 gradually changes in the direction from the portion of the light output surface (or light-transmitting protective element) of the image source assembly 130 that is covered by the refractive member 120 to the portion of the light output surface (or light-transmitting protective element) of the image source assembly 100 that is not covered by the refractive member 120.

[0129] For example, the thickness of refractive member 500 gradually decreases in the direction from the portion covered by refractive member 120 of image source assembly 130 to the portion not covered by refractive member 120 of image source assembly 100. Of course, the "gradually varying" thickness of refractive member 500 may also be gradually increased, and is designed based on the specific image curvature or deformation situation that needs to be adjusted.

[0130] For example, in at least one embodiment, there is a gap between the light entrance surface of refractive member 120 and the light exit surface of image source assembly 130, the distance between the light entrance surface of refractive member 120 and the light exit surface of image source assembly 130 is 50 mm or less, or the distance is 10 mm or more, or refractive member 120 is in close contact with the light exit surface of image source assembly 130.

[0131] If there is a gap between the refractive member 120 and the image source assembly 130, the refractive member 120 may be mounted via a support structure, thereby spacing it from the image source assembly 130.

[0132] For example, in another embodiment, the refractive member 120 may be in close contact with the light exit surface of the image source assembly 130, or there may be a certain gap, where the gap may be a distance of 50 mm or the like between the light entrance surface of the refractive member 120 and the light exit surface of the image source assembly 130, with a gas medium (e.g., air) between them. In the present disclosure, the distance between the light entrance surface of the refractive member 120 and the light exit surface of the image source assembly 130 is less than a predetermined value, thereby achieving a small volume of the display device. The image source assembly 130 and the refractive member 120 are spaced apart, and the gap is less than 50 mm, may be less than 30 mm, and preferably less than 10 mm.

[0133] For example, if refractive member 120 is in close contact with the light output surface of image source assembly 130, refractive member 120 and image source assembly 130 can be bonded together with an optically transparent adhesive.

[0134] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device further includes a movement assembly configured to adjust the relative position of the refractive member 120 and the image source assembly 130, thereby adjusting the surface shape and / or tilt angle of the virtual image as needed.

[0135] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device further includes a reflective member 150, which includes at least one of a flat mirror, a curved mirror, an aspherical mirror, and a spherical mirror, and whose main role is to reflect image light rays emitted from the image source to the magnifying assembly 140. Although the installation of the reflective member 150 can reduce the volume of the HUD, the reflective member 150 is not essential and may be omitted.

[0136] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure discloses an image source device (or image source), which includes an image source assembly 130 and a refractive member 120, wherein image light rays emitted from the image source assembly 130 are incident on the refractive member 120, and light rays emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the light output surface of the refractive member 120 have different optical paths after passing through the refractive member 120. For example, the optical paths of the image light rays at different positions can be made different by using a refractive member 120 with different thicknesses at different positions, or by making the thickness of a gas medium layer at different positions between the refractive member 120 and the image source assembly different, such that the optical paths at different positions can be made different even if the thickness of the refractive member 120 is the same at each position.

[0137] In some embodiments, at least one of the refractive index and the distance between the light exit surface and the light entrance surface of at least a portion of refractive member 120 is gradually varied.

[0138] The area of the light incident surface of the refractive member is larger than the area of the light exit surface of the image source assembly, and the light incident surface of the refractive member is in close contact with the light exit surface of the image source assembly, or the image source device further includes a light-transmitting protective element located between the refractive member 120 and the image source assembly 130.

[0139] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure discloses an image source device, comprising an image source assembly 130 and a refractive member 120, wherein image light rays emitted from the image source assembly 130 are incident on the refractive member 120, the area of the light incident surface of the refractive member is larger than the area of the light exit surface of the image source assembly, and the light incident surface of the refractive member is in close contact with the light exit surface of the image source assembly, or the image source device further comprises a light-transmitting protective element located between the refractive member 120 and the image source assembly 130.

[0140] For example, the thickness and / or refractive index of the refractive element 120 may vary gradually from one side of the refractive element 120 to the other, and / or the thickness and / or refractive index of the refractive element 120 may vary gradually from the interior of the refractive element 120 to the edge.

[0141] The thickness of at least some of the refractive members 120 varies gradually along at least one direction, and / or the contour lines of at least some of the refractive members 120 are at least one of straight, curved, and polygonal, and / or the refractive index of at least some of the refractive members 120 varies gradually along at least one direction, with the horizontal distance of the contour lines remaining constant or varying gradually.

[0142] The refractive member 120 may have a triangular structure (as shown in FIGS. 14, 15A-15B), a U-shaped structure (as shown in FIGS. 17-18), or a dustpan-shaped structure (as shown in FIG. 19). The dustpan-shaped structure can be understood as having openings on the first side and top surface of the refractive member 120, and the thickness of the other three sides gradually decreasing toward the center along the thickness direction.

[0143] 14 is a schematic diagram of a refractive element with a triangular structure. As shown in FIG. 14, the light exit surface and the light incident surface of the refractive element 120 are both flat. The thickness of the refractive element 120 in the vertical direction gradually decreases from one end to the other. This gradual change causes the width of the influence on the incident image light to be continuous, and the formed virtual image plane to be tilted, creating a continuous zoom effect.

[0144] FIG. 15A shows a schematic diagram of another refractive element. FIG. 15B shows a schematic top view of the light output surface of FIG. 15A. As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the light input surface of the refractive element 120 is flat, and the light output surface is concave. The thickness of the refractive element 120 in the vertical direction gradually decreases from one end to the other. This gradual change is suitable for scenes in which portions of a virtual image corresponding to both sides of the refractive element 120 are folded and extended. The planar shape of the light output surface of the refractive element 120 may be tapered, trapezoidal, or the like.

[0145] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of yet another refractive element. As shown in FIG. 17, the thickness of the refractive element 120 gradually increases from the center toward the edge. That is, the middle portion of the refractive element 120 is concave downward, which affects the image light rays, forming a three-dimensional virtual image that is gradually bent from the middle toward the surrounding edge, and blending with the corresponding real scene. The refractive element 120 may be thin in the center and gradually increase in thickness toward the periphery, or may be thin at the edge and gradually increase in thickness toward the center.

[0146] 18 shows a schematic diagram of a U-shaped refractive element. As shown in FIG. 18, the thickness of the refractive element 120 gradually increases from the center to both sides. By affecting the image light beam, a three-dimensional virtual image is formed that is gradually bent from the center to both sides, and merges with the corresponding real scene.

[0147] 19 is a schematic diagram of a dustpan-shaped refractive element. As shown in FIG. 19, the refractive element 120 has a dustpan-shaped structure, with one side and the top surface of the refractive element 120 having an opening, and the thickness of the other three sides gradually decreasing from the periphery to the center.

[0148] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the refractive element 120 is greater than that of air. The refractive index at each point of the refractive element 120 is the same, or the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive index values is less than a predetermined threshold, which can be determined as needed, for example, 0.5. The refractive element 120 has a light incident surface and a light exit surface, and the distances from different positions on the light exit surface of the refractive element 120 to corresponding positions on the light incident surface are consistent with the imaging distance of the corresponding positions of the virtual image.

[0149] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the image source assembly 130 includes one image source display, and at least a portion of the image light rays emitted from the image source display are incident on the refractive member 120, or the image source assembly 130 includes at least two image source displays, and at least a portion of the image light rays emitted from the at least two image source displays are incident on the refractive member 120.

[0150] The image source may be any device capable of forming an image light beam, and the image source may be a monochrome image source or a color image source, for example, an image source capable of emitting RGB mixed light beams, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) display or a liquid crystal display (LCD). For example, the image source assembly 130 includes a backlight and a display screen, and the display screen may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), TFT (thin film transistor), DLP (digital light processor), or LCOS (liquid crystal on silicon) that emits a virtual or real image. The image source of the present disclosure may be an LCD (transmissive display panel).

[0151] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device is a display device whose layout is adapted to the visible area of the reflective imaging unit 200, so that the area of the virtual image can be further increased, and the viewing experience can be improved.

[0152] For example, the head-up display system of the present disclosure has a multi-layer imaging system, i.e., a wide-area HUD is installed, the layout of the wide-area HUD is adapted to fit the visible area of the windshield, and the image presented by the light beams emitted from the wide-area HUD can cover the visible area of the windshield, for example, the image presented by the light beams emitted from the wide-area HUD can cover 40% or more of the area of the windshield, and can further cover 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more of the area of the windshield as required. Compared with the conventional HUDs with small FOV based on freeform reflectors in the related art, the layout of multiple light sources in the wide-area HUD is adapted to fit the visible area of the windshield, so that the light beams emitted from the wide-area HUD can present an image that covers the visible area of the windshield, achieving the purpose of being able to display an image at any position within the visible area of the windshield, thereby allowing the wide-area HUD to display richer content and improving the user experience of the HUD.

[0153] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the image source assembly 130 of the display device includes a light source section having a plurality of light sources and a light-transmitting collimating section, wherein light emitted from the plurality of light sources passes through the light-transmitting collimating section, and at least some of the plurality of light sources are not provided with a reflective structure for reflecting the light emitted from the light sources, and the reflective structure is, for example, a reflective cup or a reflective plate.

[0154] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the image source assembly 130 of the display device includes a light source section having a plurality of light sources and a light-transmitting collimating section, wherein light emitted from the plurality of light sources passes through the light-transmitting collimating section, and includes at least a continuous gas medium layer between the light source layer in which the plurality of light sources are located and the collimating layer in which the light-transmitting collimating section is located.

[0155] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, light emitted from the light source is directly incident on the light-transmitting collimating section, or the image source assembly includes a direction control assembly, the direction control assembly includes a light-transmitting collimating section and a plurality of transparent focusing sections, the light emitted from the light source corresponding to the transparent focusing section passes through the transparent focusing section and then passes through the light-transmitting collimating section, the plurality of transparent focusing sections are located on the focusing layer, and one side of the focusing layer facing the light-transmitting collimating section is a continuous gas medium layer.

[0156] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the light emitted from the light-collecting portion is directly incident on the light-transmitting collimating portion, and / or the transparent light-collecting portion has a groove for accommodating the corresponding light source module, and / or the transparent light-collecting portion is in close contact with the corresponding light source module, and / or the light-emitting surface of the transparent light-collecting portion is a convex surface protruding away from the corresponding light source module, and / or the light-collecting portion is a plano-convex lens.

[0157] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the light output surface of the transparent light collecting part is a protruding paraboloid, and the light source module is fitted inside the transparent light collecting part and located at the focus of the paraboloid; or the light output surface of the transparent light collecting part is a protruding arc surface, and the light source module is fitted inside the transparent light collecting part and located at the focus of the arc surface; or the light output surface of the transparent light collecting part includes a first light output curved surface and a second light output side surface, and the first light output curved surface is a protruding paraboloid, and the light source module is fitted inside the transparent light collecting part and located at the focus of the paraboloid; or the light output surface of the transparent light collecting part includes a first light output curved surface and a second light output side surface, and the first light output curved surface is a protruding arc surface, and the light source module is fitted inside the transparent light collecting part and located at the focus of the arc surface.

[0158] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device is configured to emit image light rays including at least one spectral band within a visible light wavelength band, the reflective imaging unit 200 is configured to reflect the image light rays to form a virtual image, the reflective imaging unit 200 includes a transparent substrate and a selectively semi-transmissive element installed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, and the selectively semi-transmissive element is configured so that the reflectance for at least some of the image light rays is greater than the reflectance for visible light wavelength band light rays other than the image light rays, and / or the transmittance for at least some of the image light rays is smaller than the transmittance for visible light wavelength band light rays other than the image light rays.

[0159] In conventional display devices, when controlling the direction of light emitted from a light source, a light-opaque case, such as a hollow reflecting cup, is typically used to control the direction of the light emitted from the light source. However, controlling the direction of the light using a light-opaque case results in poor uniformity of the virtual image, making it impossible to ensure image quality, and the light-opaque case also affects the heat dissipation of the light source.

[0160] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure discloses a backlight module, the backlight module including the above-mentioned plurality of light source modules and a light-transmitting collimating section, light emitted from the plurality of light source modules passes through the light-transmitting collimating section, the light-transmitting collimating section includes at least one collimating member, the at least one collimating member is located on a collimating layer, the plurality of light source modules are located on the light source layer, and the region between the light source layer and the collimating layer is at least a continuous gas medium layer.

[0161] At least some of the light source modules may not be provided with a reflector cup, which is advantageous for heat dissipation of the light source modules. For example, the gas medium layer may be adjacent to the collimating layer and the light source layer, so that light emitted from the light source module passes through the gas medium layer and then directly enters the collimating member, or the gas medium layer may be adjacent to the focusing layer and collimating layer, which includes a plurality of transparent focusing portions, so that light emitted from the light source module passes through the transparent focusing portions and the gas medium layer and then directly enters the collimating member. For example, the gas medium layer may be air or other gas.

[0162] For example, the center of the collimating member and the center of the corresponding light source module are on the same straight line.

[0163] For example, the collimating element is a convex lens or a Fresnel lens, and the collimating element can reduce the divergence angle of the light rays passing through it.

[0164] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the image light beams include light beams of at least one spectral band having a first polarization characteristic, and the selective semi-transmissive element is further configured such that the reflectance of the at least some of the image light beams for the part of the spectral band or each spectral band light beam having the first polarization characteristic is greater than the reflectance of the visible light wavelength band light beams other than the image light beams and light beams of the at least one spectral band having a second polarization characteristic, and / or the transmittance of the at least some of the image light beams for the part of the spectral band or each spectral band light beam having the first polarization characteristic is smaller than the transmittance of the visible light wavelength band light beams other than the image light beams and light beams of the at least one spectral band having the second polarization characteristic, wherein the first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic are different.

[0165] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the image light beam includes at least three spectral bands within the visible light wavelength band, and the half-width of each of the spectral bands is 60 nm or less.

[0166] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the image generating unit 20 of the image source assembly 130 typically forms an image using light rays in a target wavelength band, which includes at least one spectral band. For example, the image generating unit 20 may form an image using light rays in three wavelength bands, RGB (red, green, and blue). When the image generating unit 20 includes a liquid crystal panel, the image generating unit 20 may emit light rays with a specific polarization characteristic, for example, light rays with a second polarization characteristic. The semi-transmissive film 31 may reflect light rays with the second polarization characteristic within the target wavelength band. The semi-transmissive film 31 has high reflectivity for light rays with the second polarization characteristic in at least one spectral band and high transmittance for other light rays, for example, high transmittance for light rays with a first polarization characteristic within the target wavelength band and other light rays outside the target wavelength band (including light rays with the first polarization characteristic and light rays with the second polarization characteristic). The semi-transparent film 31 can reflect most of the light emitted from the image generating unit 20 to the observation area, and also allows most of the external ambient light to enter the observation area. For example, all light rays with the first polarization characteristic in most wavelength bands can pass through the semi-transparent film 31 and reach the observation area, allowing the user to see outside objects normally.

[0167] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the target wavelength range includes at least one spectral band, for example, the full width at half maximum of the at least one spectral band may be less than or equal to 60 nm.

[0168] FIG. 22 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-wavelength band image beam of a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0169] 22 , for example, a light ray having a first polarization characteristic is a P-polarized light ray (hereinafter abbreviated as P-polarized light) and a light ray having a second polarization characteristic is an S-polarized light ray (hereinafter abbreviated as S-polarized light), and the light guiding device can emit a light ray 210 to the image generating unit 20, where the light ray 210 is P-polarized light. If the light emitted from the light source 100 is an RGB light ray, the light ray 210 is RGB P-polarized light. The image generating unit 20 can convert the light ray 210 into a light ray 220, where the light ray 220 is an imaging light ray and the imaging light ray is RGB S-polarized light, and the semi-transparent film 31 can reflect the RGB S-polarized light and transmit other light rays. For example, the semi-transparent film 31 has high reflectance (e.g., transmittance of about 70% to 90%) for red light, green light, and blue light in the S-polarized state, but high transmittance (e.g., transmittance of about 70% to 90%) for light in other wavelength bands and red light, green light, and blue light in the P-polarized state.

[0170] As shown in FIG. 22, the image generating unit 20 emits RGB light 220 in the S-polarized state, and the semi-transmitting film 31 has a high reflectivity for the light 220. Therefore, most of the light 220 emitted from the image generating unit 20 can be reflected by the semi-transmitting film 31 into light 230, which is reflected to the observation area, improving the brightness of the image. In addition, most of the light rays of the external environment 310 can be transmitted normally, which does not affect the observation of the external environment. For example, even in the external environment, light rays of the target wavelength band, such as red light and green light, can be mainly emitted. The wavelength band of light emitted from a traffic light or similar device is close to or overlaps with a target wavelength band such as RGB, and some light rays 311 having a second polarization characteristic (e.g., S polarization state) among the light rays emitted from the traffic light are reflected by the reflective film 31, but some light rays 312 having a first polarization characteristic (e.g., P polarization state) among the light rays emitted from the traffic light can still pass through the reflective film 31 with high transmittance, so that a user in the observation area can still normally see the light emitted from the traffic light or similar device. For example, the light rays 312 may further include light rays in wavelength bands other than the RGB wavelength band.

[0171] The first polarization characteristic may be an S polarization state, or may be other polarization states such as circular polarization or elliptical polarization, and this embodiment is not limited thereto. The above RGB are abbreviations for red light, green light, and blue light, respectively. For example, they may be red light, green light, and blue light distributed within a continuous wavelength band, or may be red light, green light, and blue light distributed discontinuously. For example, the full width at half maximum of the wavelength of the light beam is 60 nm or less, the peak position of the blue light wavelength may be within the range of 410 nm to 480 nm, the peak position of the green light wavelength may be within the range of 500 nm to 565 nm, and the peak position of the red light wavelength may be within the range of 590 nm to 690 nm.

[0172] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device is configured so that the user views at least one naked-eye 3D virtual image by the magnified light rays for imaging, or the display device is configured so that the user can observe multiple virtual images at the same time or different times by the eyebox region of the display device, and the display device is configured so that the user views at least one naked-eye 3D virtual image by at least one virtual image of the multiple virtual images, and the naked-eye 3D virtual image is an image by the magnified light rays formed after processing the refracted light rays by the magnification assembly 140, and / or the naked-eye 3D virtual image (at least one virtual image of the multiple virtual images) for realizing the naked-eye 3D display includes a left-eye virtual image region and a right-eye virtual image region, and the display device is configured so that the user views the naked-eye 3D virtual image by the left-eye light rays and the right-eye light rays, by emitting left-eye light rays corresponding to the left-eye virtual image region for reception by the left eye of the same user, and right-eye light rays corresponding to the right-eye virtual image region for reception by the right eye of the user.

[0173] The left eye virtual image area and the right eye virtual image area are on the same imaging plane (i.e., the imaging distance is basically the same), and the left eye light rays and the right eye light rays are emitted from the same image source, so that the user's left eye sees the pattern in the left eye virtual image area, while the right eye sees the pattern in the right eye virtual image area. According to the structure of the human eye and the visual processing principle of the brain, the user can see a 3D effect, which may be called naked eye 3D.

[0174] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device is configured to allow a user to view multiple virtual images at the same time or different times through an eyebox area of the display device, wherein the distances from at least two of the multiple virtual images to the eyebox area are different, at least one virtual image is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the included angle between at least another virtual image and the horizontal direction is greater than or less than 90°. The horizontal direction is a direction perpendicular to a plane on which the eyebox area is located or a direction parallel to the ground on which a traffic device using the display device travels in real time.

[0175] FIG. 23 shows a structural schematic diagram of a light barrier-type element according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0176] 23, an example will be taken in which the image source 301 includes eight rows of image source units, two first shading units, and two second shading units. There is a distance d2 between the light barrier and the image source 301, and both the first shading units 3021 and the second shading units 3022 can block light rays. Therefore, some of the second light rays emitted from the image source units cannot reach the left eye region, and only the first light rays emitted from the image source units L1, L2, L3, and L4 can be seen in the left eye region. Similarly, only the second light rays emitted from the image source units R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be seen in the right eye region. The first shading unit 3021 allows the first light beam emitted from the image source units L1, L2, L3, and L4 to be irradiated onto a first designated area, and the second shading unit allows the second light beam emitted from the image source units R1, R2, R3, and R4 to be irradiated onto a second designated area, thereby separating the visible virtual images for the left and right eyes and further realizing stereoscopic imaging. The sizes and positions of the first shading unit 3021 and the second shading unit 3022 are specially designed after precise calculation, thereby ensuring imaging at specific positions.

[0177] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnifying assembly 140 includes a reflector that magnifies the refracted light beam and reflects it to the imaging reflector, and / or the magnifying assembly 140 includes a lens that magnifies the refracted light beam and emits it to the imaging reflector.

[0178] For example, the magnifying assembly 140 may be any optical structure capable of magnifying an image, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the magnifying assembly 140 may be a concave mirror, a freeform mirror, etc.

[0179] For example, the magnification assembly 140 is a concave reflector, and in this case, the surface of the concave reflector close to the display area is a concave curved surface. By installing a curved reflector, the head-up display has a longer imaging distance and a larger imaging size, and the curved reflector can also be combined with an imaging window (e.g., a windshield) to eliminate virtual image distortion caused by the imaging window.

[0180] In addition to the technical solution of forming a gradually zooming virtual image using the refractive element 120 described above, the gradually zooming virtual image can also be realized by using a flexible image source. For example, a projector is used as the image source, and the shape of the virtual image can be controlled by controlling the shape of the projector screen.

[0181] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device may further include a zoom curved mirror, and the curvature of the zoom curved mirror can be adjusted by an electric field to change the focal length of the zoom curved mirror.

[0182] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure discloses a display method, comprising the steps of: making at least a portion of image light rays emitted from an image source assembly 130 incident on a refractive element 120; and making at least a portion of refracted light rays emitted from the refractive element 120 incident on a magnifying assembly 140, wherein the magnifying assembly 140 is configured to magnify the incident refracted light rays and output magnified light rays for forming an image, wherein the image light rays corresponding to different positions on at least a portion of the output surface of the refractive element 120 have different optical paths within the refractive element 120, and / or the change status of the image formed by the magnified light rays after the refracted light rays are output from the magnifying assembly 140 has a related relationship with a reference image, and the reference image is an image formed by the magnified light rays output from the magnifying assembly 140 when assuming that the refractive element 120 is not present.

[0183] By installing the refractive element 120, gradual zooming of the virtual image (such as changing the surface shape and tilt angle) can be realized, which allows the virtual image to better blend visually with the external environment, allowing the observer to see a clear visual effect after fusion, avoiding conflicts in visual convergence accommodation and improving the user experience of the HUD.

[0184] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive element 120 is a tilt angle-adjustable refractive element and / or an image plane shape-adjustable refractive element, and / or the display device further includes a reflective imaging unit 200, i.e., the processing unit including the refractive element 120 further includes a reflective imaging unit 200, and the magnified light obtained after processing the refracted light in the magnifying assembly is reflected by the reflective imaging unit 200 to the eyebox region to form a virtual image. If the refractive element 120 were not present, the magnified light would be reflected by the reflective imaging unit 200. a reference image is formed after being reflected by the horizontal axis, the reference image has a first included angle with the horizontal direction, and the virtual image has a second included angle with the horizontal direction, the second included angle being different from the first included angle, i.e., the refracting element 120 is configured to adjust the first included angle between the reference image and the horizontal direction to the second included angle between the virtual image and the horizontal direction, thereby obtaining an ideal virtual image using the refracting element 120 and solving the technical problem of the reference image being defective (specifically, see the description of the previous technical problem); and / or the reference image has a first image surface shape, and the refracting element 120 is configured to make the virtual image have a second image surface shape, the second image surface shape being different from the first image surface shape, the first image surface shape being flat and the second image surface shape being flat or curved, or the first image surface shape being curved and the second image surface shape being flat or curved.

[0185] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the refracting element 120 is configured to adjust a first included angle between the reference image and the horizontal direction to a second included angle between the virtual image and the horizontal direction, the cross section of the tilt angle-adjustable refracting element is a polygonal structure, and the polygonal structure can be a right-angled triangular structure, a rectangular structure, or a right-angled trapezoidal structure; and / or When the refractive element 120 is configured to adjust a first image surface shape of the reference image to a second image surface shape of the virtual image, and the second image surface shape is different from the first image surface shape, the light exit surface of the image surface shape adjusting refractive element is flat or curved.

[0186] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure discloses a head-up display device, which includes the display device described above, the refractive member 120 described above, or the image source device described above.

[0187] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure discloses a traffic device, which includes the above-mentioned display device, the above-mentioned refractive element 120, the above-mentioned image source device, or the above-mentioned head-up display device. For example, the windshield of the traffic device is used as the reflective imaging unit 200. Light rays from the display device are projected onto the windshield to display an image. After being reflected by the windshield, the light rays enter the eyebox area. The eyebox area is located on one side of the windshield, and the user can perceive the virtual image displayed by the display device as being located on the other side of the windshield. The above-mentioned display device improves the degree of integration between the displayed image and the real environment, and avoids the user's parallax and visual convergence accommodation conflicts when using the traffic device.

[0188] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the light beam emitted from the light source module is incident on the light modulation layer through the action of the direction control module, so that the light modulation layer can emit directional imaging light beams toward the eyebox range during operation, and can converge the directional imaging light beams within the eyebox range, thereby improving the brightness of the directional imaging light beams.

[0189] Because the directional imaging light rays can be converged, in an example, the display device can have particularly high brightness, allowing the driver to observe a virtual image formed by the reflective imaging unit 200, and the display device can have a large area, allowing the user (e.g., the driver) to see a wide range of images reflected by the reflective imaging unit 200. For example, the display device may be provided on the surface of an instrument panel (IP) of a vehicle.

[0190] The reflective imaging unit 200 of the present disclosure may be a windshield (e.g., a front glass) of a traffic device, for example, including a windshield made of glass, or a reflective film on the inside of the windshield, which can reflect the imaging light emitted from the display system and does not affect the driver's observation of objects or scenes outside the traffic device through the reflective film.

[0191] Light from an image source can be projected onto the reflective imaging unit 200 to achieve wide-area imaging. That is, the light from the image source can occupy a large portion of the reflective imaging unit 200 in the imaging area of the reflective imaging unit 200. Typically, the size of a virtual image can be measured by the field of view (FOV). For example, in the case of a wide-area virtual image, the horizontal field of view at the driver's eye position is 15 degrees or more, e.g., 20 degrees or more, e.g., 25 degrees or more, e.g., 30 degrees or more, e.g., in the range of 15 to 100 degrees, and the vertical field of view is 5 degrees or more, e.g., 15 degrees or more, e.g., 20 degrees or more, e.g., 25 degrees or more, e.g., in the range of 5 to 30 degrees. This increases the field of view of the head-up display system, achieving ultra-wide field of view imaging with low power consumption. The above "horizontal" and "vertical" refer to two directions that are perpendicular to each other. Taking the vehicle body coordinate system as an example, the above "horizontal" can refer to the width direction of the vehicle in the vehicle body coordinate system, and the above "vertical" can refer to the height direction of the vehicle in the vehicle body coordinate system.

[0192] When the refractive element 120 is added, some image light rays that can originally be reflected into the eyebox region cannot enter the eyebox region because the refractive element 120 changes the light path, which may affect the effect of the virtual image seen by the user. To avoid this problem, if there is a refractive element 120 that deflects light rays between the image source assembly 130 and the magnification assembly 140, for example, if there is a non-rectangular refractive element 120, backlight compensation can be performed, and the image light rays after passing through the refractive element 120 can still be reflected into the eyebox 110.

[0193] Regarding the "eyebox area," the user's eyes can view images from the display system within this range, and the "eyebox range" has a certain size, the user's eyes can move, and within this range the image can be viewed.

[0194] The present disclosure provides a light compensation method for a display device, including the steps of: a light compensation assembly included in an image source emitting light source light rays; a light modulation layer included in the image source converting the incident light source light rays into image light rays, wherein the image light rays are emitted from a light output surface of the image source; and a refractive element refracting at least a portion of the image light rays emitted from the light output surface of the image source to emit refracted light rays, wherein the light compensation method further includes the step of compensating and adjusting an initial light beam emitted from the light source to form a light source light beam having a first deflection, so that the first deflection of the light source light beam offsets at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light beam caused by the refractive element.

[0195] The present disclosure provides a light compensation method for a display device, including the steps of: a light compensation assembly included in an image source emitting light source light; a light modulation layer included in the image source converting the incident light source light into image light, wherein the image light is emitted from a light output surface of the image source; a refractive element refracting at least a portion of the image light emitted from the light output surface of the image source to emit refracted light; and a reflective imaging unit reflecting the incident refracted light beam and directing the refracted light beam into an eyebox region of the display device, wherein the light compensation method further includes the steps of: compensating and adjusting an initial light beam emitted from the light source to form a light source light beam having a first deflection, wherein the first deflection of the light source light beam offsets at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light beam caused by the refractive element, thereby making the incident condition of the refracted light beam into the eyebox region better than the incident condition of the refracted light beam into the eyebox region if the compensation adjustment is not performed.

[0196] In some embodiments, the refractive member is positioned in intimate contact with the light exit surface of the image source, or the light entrance surface of at least a portion of the refractive member is spaced apart from the light exit surface of at least a portion of the image source.

[0197] The light compensation assembly includes a light source, the light source including a light emitting element capable of emitting light to emit an initial light beam, and provides a source of light for imaging. In some embodiments, compensating and adjusting the initial light beam emitted from the light source includes: making the source light beam obtained after optical compensation processing the initial light beam incident on the light modulation layer; and / or processing the initial light beam emitted from the light source included in the light compensation assembly with a direction control member included in the light compensation assembly to form a source light beam, and adjusting the propagation direction of the source light beam by the direction control member to achieve compensation and adjustment.

[0198] In some embodiments, the step of directing the light source light beam obtained after the light compensation process of the initial light beam into the light modulation layer includes a step of causing a first deflection in the light source light beam by directing the light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly into different positions on the light incident surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, where the deflection angle is the angle between the light source light beam and the normal to the light incident surface of the light modulation layer.

[0199] In some embodiments, the step of directing the source light beam obtained after the initial light beam has been subjected to light compensation processing into the light modulation layer includes the step of processing the initial light beam with a light compensation assembly included in the image source, and then directing the initial light beam into different positions on the light input surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, thereby generating a first deflection in the source light beam to form a source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly, wherein the deflection angle is the angle between the source light beam and the normal to the light input surface of the light modulation layer.

[0200] In some embodiments, the light compensation assembly includes at least one of a polarizing layer, an eccentric Fresnel lens, and a reflective element, and the polarizing layer, the eccentric Fresnel lens, and the reflective element are configured to cause the light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly to have a first polarization, i.e., to generate a first polarization in the initial light beam emitted from the light source to form the light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly.

[0201] In some embodiments, the source light rays emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the light exit surface of the deflector layer have different deflection angles.

[0202] In some embodiments, the deflecting layer includes a plurality of tooth-like refractive structures, and an initial light ray emitted from the light source passes through the tooth-like refractive structures and then undergoes a first polarization to form a source light ray having a first polarization.

[0203] In some embodiments, the reflective element includes a first sub-reflective element and a second sub-reflective element, the first sub-reflective element configured to reflect an initial light beam emitted from an incident light source to the second sub-reflective element, and the second sub-reflective element configured to reflect the incident initial light beam and cause a first polarization in the initial light beam to form a light source beam having the first polarization.

[0204] In some embodiments, the light compensation assembly and the refractive member have complementary shapes, such that a first deflection of the source light beam at least partially offsets a second deflection of the image beam by the refractive member.

[0205] In some embodiments, the direction control member includes a reflective wall configured to reflect the initial light ray, and the extension direction of the reflective wall and the light output surface of the light modulation layer have a first tilt angle, thereby generating a first deflection in the light source light ray.

[0206] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an image source, the image source including the image source assembly and a light compensation assembly, the image source assembly including a light modulation layer, the light compensation assembly configured to emit light source rays, the light source rays incident on the light modulation layer, the light modulation layer configured to convert the incident light source rays into image light rays and emit the image light rays from a light exit surface of the image source, the image light rays propagating to an eyebox region to form a virtual image, and the light compensation assembly configured to make the light source rays incident on a light entrance surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, the deflection angle being an included angle between the light source rays and a normal to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer.

[0207] A display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes any image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0208] For example, in some embodiments, an image source is used for optical compensation of a display device, and the display device includes a refractive element configured to refract the image light rays and then output the refracted light rays, and a first deflection of the source light rays emitted from the optical compensation assembly offsets at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light rays by the refractive element, thereby causing the image light rays output from the refractive element to be incident within a set eyebox region.

[0209] For example, in some embodiments, the display device further includes a reflective imaging section that reflects the incident refracted light rays to make them incident on the eyebox region of the display device and is configured to make the incident conditions of the refracted light rays on the eyebox region better than the incident conditions of the refracted light rays on the eyebox region that would occur if the light source light rays were assumed to be incident perpendicularly to the light-entering surface of the light modulation layer.

[0210] For example, in some embodiments, the light compensation assembly has a first angle relative to the light modulation layer and is configured to direct the light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly to different positions on the light input surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, where the deflection angle is the included angle between the light source light beam and the normal to the light input surface of the light modulation layer.

[0211] For example, in some embodiments, the light compensation assembly emits a light source light beam, and the light compensation assembly is configured to perform light compensation processing on the incident light source light beam, and to make the light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly incident on different positions on the light input surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, thereby generating a first deflection in the light source light beam, where the deflection angle is the included angle between the light source light beam and the normal to the light input surface of the light modulation layer.

[0212] For example, in some embodiments, the light compensation assembly includes a light source and a direction control member, where the light source includes a light emitting element capable of emitting light to emit initial light beams and provides a source of light for imaging. The direction control member is configured to control the propagation direction of the initial light beams and cause the emitted light source light beams to have the first deflection angle after processing by the direction control member. For example, the direction control member is configured to perform at least one of converging, diffusing, and collimating processing on the initial light beams emitted from the light source, and the light compensation assembly is disposed between the light source and the direction control member, or the light compensation assembly is disposed between the direction control member and the light modulation layer.

[0213] For example, in some embodiments, the light source has a first tilt angle with the output surface of the light modulation layer and is configured to generate a first deflection in the light source light beam, or the direction control member further includes a reflective wall configured to reflect the initial light beam, and the extension direction of the reflective wall and the output surface of the light modulation layer have a first tilt angle, thereby generating a first deflection in the initial light beam to form the light source light beam.

[0214] For example, in some embodiments, the light compensation assembly includes at least one of a deflection layer, an off-center Fresnel lens, and a reflective element, wherein the at least one of the deflection layer, the off-center Fresnel lens, and the reflective element is configured to generate a first deflection in the initial light beam to form the source light beam.

[0215] For example, in some embodiments, the deflecting layer includes a plurality of tooth-like refractive structures, and the initial light beam passes through the tooth-like refractive structures to undergo a first deflection to form the source light beam.

[0216] In some embodiments, the refractive element has a first entrance surface and a first exit surface, the deflecting layer includes a plurality of tooth-like refractive structures, the tooth-like refractive structures include a second entrance surface and a second exit surface, an included angle between the second entrance surface and the second exit surface matches the included angle between the first exit surface and the first entrance surface at a corresponding position on the refractive element. The term "matching" here refers to the fact that the two included angles combined with each other can achieve a predetermined compensation between the first deflection of the source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly and the second deflection of the source light beam at the corresponding position on the refractive element, thereby allowing the image light beam used for final imaging to enter a predetermined eyebox region.

[0217] In some other embodiments, the reflective element includes a first sub-reflective element and a second sub-reflective element, wherein the first sub-reflective element is positioned obliquely relative to the light source to reflect at least a portion of the initial light rays to the second sub-reflective element, and the second sub-reflective element is positioned obliquely relative to the first sub-reflective element, and the second sub-reflective element reflects the light rays reflected from the first sub-reflective element to the imaging layer, thereby generating the polarization in the light rays reflected by the second sub-reflective element and forming the light source light rays emitted from the light output surface of the light compensation element.

[0218] In some other embodiments, the light compensation assembly is positioned at a first angle relative to the imaging layer, causing at least some of the light source rays emitted from the light compensation assembly to be incident on the light entrance surface of the imaging layer at the deflection angle.

[0219] For example, in some embodiments, the source light beams emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the light exit surface of the deflecting layer have different deflection angles.

[0220] For example, in some embodiments, the reflective element includes a first sub-reflective element configured to reflect incident source light rays, and a second sub-reflective element configured to receive the source light rays reflected from the first sub-reflective element and reflect the source light rays to cause the source light rays to have the first deflection.

[0221] For example, in some embodiments, the shapes of the light compensation assembly and the refractive element are complementary, whereby the first deflection of the source light beam offsets at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light beam by the refractive element.

[0222] The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that the virtual image of a conventional HUD is a planar virtual image perpendicular to the horizontal road surface, and when a user views some AR (Augmented Reality) content (not limited to this, but may be other content that needs to be presented) on the planar virtual image, since the planar virtual image is limited to having only one imaging distance, the AR content in the planar virtual image and objects in the real environment are not spatially aligned, and a problem may arise in which the imaging content seen by the user's left eye and right eye do not match.

[0223] In addition, the virtual image of a conventional HUD may cause a certain deviation (parallax and / or visual convergence problems) between the physical focusing distance of the human eye and the perceived distance of the AR content by the brain. These problems may result in poor integration between the image content seen by the user and the real environment, causing visual fatigue such as blurred vision and dizziness, resulting in a poor viewing experience.

[0224] In some solutions disclosed herein, to solve at least one of the above technical problems, a refractive element is added to the optical path between the image source and the imaging body of the HUD to adjust the imaging, and the imaging distance (VID) of the image (hereinafter, the virtual image generated by the HUD will be used as an example, but is not limited to this) is made different at at least some different positions, for example, the imaging distance is gradually changed, thereby improving the matching relationship between the AR content in the virtual image and the objects in the environment, thereby mitigating or eliminating the problems of parallax and / or visual convergence, and improving the integration of the AR content with the real environment.

[0225] For example, Figure 24 shows a structural schematic diagram of a display device (this embodiment does not limit that this display device is a conventional technology, but is a technology related to the present disclosure). Referring to Figure 24, the display device 1 includes an image source A, a reflective element B, a magnifying element C, and an imaging body D.

[0226] Image source A emits an image ray (corresponding to image source assembly 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B emitting the image ray). As shown in FIG. 24, image source A emits a first image ray L1. The first image ray L1 is reflected by reflective element B (the reflective element B is an optional component, and this example merely illustrates a display device including the reflective element B) to magnifying element C, and then reaches imaging element D after being magnified by magnifying element C.

[0227] The first image light ray L1 is reflected on the imaging body D, and the reflected light ray enters the user's line of sight, thereby allowing the user to see a virtual image formed by the first image light ray L1 in the front area of the imaging body D.

[0228] For example, referring to FIG. 24, imaging object D may be the windshield of a vehicle / transportation device, and eyebox area E is the user's line of sight.

[0229] In order to solve the problem of poor fusion effect between the image content seen by the user and the real environment due to the parallax and / or visual convergence of the human eye, some technical solutions add a refractive element F to the optical path between the image source A and the imaging body D, and use the refractive element F to adjust the optical path during the propagation process of at least some of the image light rays reaching the magnifying element C, so that the virtual image of the HUD becomes a gradually zooming screen (i.e., the VID from different positions of the virtual image to the eyebox area E is different).

[0230] Referring to Fig. 24, an image ray emitted from an image source A is deflected by a refractive element F and emitted to form a second image ray L2 in Fig. 24. The second image ray L2 is reflected on an imaging body D after undergoing a certain optical path movement.

[0231] The optical path of an image ray refers to the optical distance that the image ray travels from the image source to the magnifying element. The optical distance of an image ray is related to the physical distance traveled by the image ray and the refractive index of the propagation medium. In general, the optical distance is the product of the physical distance traveled by the image ray and the refractive index of the propagation medium.

[0232] By controlling the refractive index and physical distance of the refractive elements through which the image rays at different positions pass during their propagation, the image rays emitted from different positions of the image source can have different optical paths, thereby forming a zoomed image.

[0233] The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that in some cases, while the refractive element F can change the optical path of the image light rays, the refractive element F can also deflect to some extent the direction of the chief ray (which may also be called the chief optical axis) of the image light rays.

[0234] For example, as shown in FIG. 24, if the same image ray (e.g., the second image ray L2) is selected and the refractive element F is not installed, the falling point of the second image ray L2 on the magnifying element C is point M.

[0235] When the refractive element F is installed, the chief ray of the second image ray L2 is deflected to some extent by the refractive element F, so that the falling point on the magnifying element C is point N.

[0236] Such an angle deflection may cause at least some image rays to fail to reach the target position of the magnifying element C after passing through the refractive member F, thereby preventing these image rays from being reflected to the target area, for example, the user's eyebox area E, resulting in losses and darkening the brightness of the formed virtual image, affecting the imaging effect.

[0237] Based on the above problem, one aspect of the present disclosure provides a light compensation method for use in a display device, which can perform light compensation on the light rays of an image source of the display device to improve the imaging effect of the display device.

[0238] The display device involved in the light compensation method according to the technical solution of the present disclosure includes at least an image source and a refractive element, and may further include, for example, a magnifying element and an imaging body (e.g., the windshield of a vehicle / transportation device), and the image source may include, but is not limited to, a light compensation assembly and a light modulation layer.

[0239] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an image source, the image source including the image source assembly and a light compensation assembly, the image source assembly including a light modulation layer, the light compensation assembly configured to emit light source rays, the light source rays incident on the light modulation layer, the light modulation layer configured to convert the incident light source rays into image light rays and emit the image light rays from the light exit surface of the image source, the light compensation assembly configured to make the light source rays incident on different positions of the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, the deflection angle being an included angle between the light source rays and a normal to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer.

[0240] For example, a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes any image source according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, and further includes the refractive member and a processing unit.

[0241] 25 shows a flowchart 1000 of a first light compensation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is adapted to perform light compensation using an image source and a display device including a light compensation assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, referring to FIG. 25, the method 1000 includes steps S110 to S140.

[0242] In step S110, the display device causes a light source of a light compensation assembly included in the image source to emit an initial light beam.

[0243] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the light compensation assembly includes a light source, the light source including a light emitting element, and the light source emits an initial light beam based on electroluminescence principles.

[0244] In step S120, the initial light beam is compensated to generate a first polarization for at least a portion of the initial light beam, thereby forming a source light beam having a first polarization output from the light compensation assembly.

[0245] For example, the initial light beams emitted from the light compensation assembly are compensated to obtain source light beams, and the chief ray of the at least some of the source light beams has a first deflection and a first deflection angle, which is an included angle between the chief ray of the source light beam and a normal to the light-incident surface of the light modulation layer.

[0246] In step S130, the display device causes the light modulating layer included in the image source to convert the incident source light into image light.

[0247] In some non-limiting examples, the angle of emergence of the image light rays from the light modulating layer is the same as the angle of the source light rays incident on the light modulating layer.

[0248] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the light modulation layer includes a liquid crystal panel, which converts the incident light source light into an image light having a predetermined pattern or no pattern in at least a part of the area. The predetermined pattern may be any pattern that needs to be displayed, such as, but not limited to, a pattern that includes driving information such as navigation, fuel level, mileage, or the surrounding environment and road conditions of the vehicle. The image light having no pattern may be an image light that displays a pure background color.

[0249] The liquid crystal panel includes, but is not limited to, a thin film transistor liquid crystal panel, a twisted nematic liquid crystal panel, a multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal panel, a planar conversion liquid crystal panel, or an ADS (Advanced Super Dimension) liquid crystal panel.

[0250] In step S130, the image light beam is emitted from the light exit surface of the image source.

[0251] For example, image light rays are emitted from the light exit surface of the image source after passing through a light modulating layer.

[0252] In step S140, the display device causes the refractive member to refract at least a part of the image light beams emitted from the light-emitting surface of the image source, and emit the refracted light beams.

[0253] For example, the refractive member refracts at least some of the image light rays emitted from the image source, causing the refracted at least some of the image light rays to undergo a second deflection to form a refracted light beam.

[0254] The refracted ray has a second deflection angle with respect to its undeflected state. For example, image ray 1 forms ray A1 when not deflected by the refractive element (i.e., undeflected state), and image ray 1 is deflected by the refractive element to form ray A2 (the ray A2 is also called a refracted ray), and ray A2 has a second deflection angle with respect to ray A1.

[0255] In this embodiment, the first deflection of at least a portion of the light source beams after the optical compensation adjustment can at least partially offset the second deflection of the image beams in the refractive element, so that in step S140, the image beams have a required exit angle after undergoing the second deflection. In other words, the beams are adjusted by the first deflection and the second deflection, so that the beams after passing through the refractive element can propagate along a set angle and thus propagate to the eyebox region.

[0256] For example, the required exit angle may be the same as the set exit angle, which may be the exit angle of the uncompensated light beam when it is not deflected by the refractive element, and the first deflection angle of the source light beam may offset the second deflection angle of the image light beam due to refraction by the refractive element, thereby avoiding the problem of optical path loss caused by some of the image light beams being deflected by the refractive element and deviating from the set path.

[0257] In this embodiment, the first deflection angle and the second deflection angle may be in a conjugate relationship, for example, but not limited to, having the same size and opposite directions.

[0258] According to the above exemplary embodiment, by compensating and adjusting the light rays in the backlight optical path of the image source, a first deflection is generated in the light rays, which can at least partially offset the second deflection of the image light rays caused by the refractive element, and finally emit the image light rays at a preset emission angle as needed, thereby achieving the purpose of light compensation.

[0259] 26 shows a flowchart 2000 of a second light compensation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 26, the method 2000 includes steps S210 to S250.

[0260] In step S210, the display device causes a light source of a light compensation assembly included in the image source to emit an initial light beam.

[0261] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the light compensation assembly includes a light source, the light source including a light emitting element, and the light source emits an initial light beam based on electroluminescence principles.

[0262] In step S220, the initial light beam is compensated for to cause at least a portion of the initial light beam to have a first polarization, thereby forming a source light beam having a first polarization.

[0263] For example, the compensation adjustment may be performed on the initial light beams emitted from the light source to generate a first deflection in the chief ray of at least a portion of the initial light beams, forming a light source beam having a first deflection angle that is output from the light output surface of the light compensation assembly, where the first deflection angle is the angle between the chief ray of the light source beam and the normal to the light input surface of the light modulation layer.

[0264] In step S230, the display device causes the light modulation layer included in the image source to convert the incident source light into image light. The light modulation layer converts the incident source light into image light.

[0265] In some non-limiting examples, the angle of emergence of the image light rays from the light modulating layer is the same as the angle of the source light rays incident on the light modulating layer.

[0266] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the light modulation layer includes a liquid crystal panel, which converts the incident light source light into an image light having a predetermined pattern or no pattern in at least a part of the area. The predetermined pattern may be any pattern that needs to be displayed, such as, but not limited to, a pattern that includes driving information such as navigation, fuel level, mileage, or the surrounding environment and road conditions of the vehicle. The image light having no pattern may be an image light that displays a pure background color.

[0267] The liquid crystal panel includes, but is not limited to, a thin film transistor liquid crystal panel, a twisted nematic liquid crystal panel, a multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal panel, a planar conversion liquid crystal panel, or an ADS liquid crystal panel.

[0268] In step S230, the image light beam is emitted from the light exit surface of the image source.

[0269] For example, image light rays are emitted from the light exit surface of the image source after passing through a light modulating layer.

[0270] In step S240, the display device causes the refractive member to refract at least a part of the image light beams emitted from the light-emitting surface of the image source, and emit the refracted light beams.

[0271] For example, the refractive member refracts at least some of the image light rays emitted from the image source, causing the refracted at least some of the image light rays to undergo a second deflection to form a refracted light beam.

[0272] The refracted ray has a second deflection angle with respect to its undeflected state (i.e., the image ray emitted from the light output surface of the image source). For example, image ray 1 forms ray A1 when not deflected by the refractive element (i.e., in an undeflected state), and image ray 1 is deflected by the refractive element to form ray A2 (the ray A2 is also called a refracted ray), and ray A2 has a second deflection angle with respect to ray A1.

[0273] In step S250, the reflective imaging unit reflects the incident refracted light beam and makes the refracted light beam incident on the eyebox region of the display device.

[0274] For example, the refracted light beam emitted from the refractive member is incident on a reflective imaging unit (e.g., the windshield of a vehicle to which the light source or display device is attached), which reflects the refracted light beam incident on the reflective imaging unit and makes the refracted light beam incident on the eyebox region of the display device.

[0275] The eyebox area is the user's line of sight area, and thus the user can see the image formed within the line of sight area of the refracted light rays.

[0276] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a light source ray having the above-mentioned first deflection is obtained by compensating and adjusting the initial light ray emitted from the light source, so that the incident condition of the refracted light ray due to the light source ray obtained after compensating and adjusting the initial light ray in step S220 into the eye box region (for ease of explanation, this condition will be referred to as the compensated incident condition) is better than the incident condition of the refracted light ray into the eye box region when no compensating adjustment is assumed (for example, the main ray of the light source ray is incident perpendicularly to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer) (for ease of explanation, this condition will be referred to as the uncompensated incident condition).

[0277] For example, the incident conditions after compensation being better than the non-compensated incident conditions may mean, but are not limited to, that more light is incident on the eyebox region after compensation, thereby resulting in a higher brightness of the virtual image formed after compensation, and / or that the light is more uniform on the eyebox region after compensation, thereby resulting in a better uniformity of the virtual image formed after compensation, and / or that the contrast of the virtual image formed after compensation is higher.

[0278] For example, compared to the imaging effect in the eyebox region of the refracted light rays ultimately formed by the light source light rays obtained without the compensation adjustment, the imaging effect of the refracted light rays ultimately formed by the light source light rays obtained after the compensation adjustment is better, for example, the compensation adjustment improves at least one of the brightness, uniformity, or contrast of the image.

[0279] In step S220, the initial light beam emitted from the light source is compensated to obtain the light source light beam, so that the light source light beam obtained after the compensation adjustment has a relatively good light beam brightness, and therefore the final imaging effect of the light source light beam obtained after the compensation adjustment is better than the imaging effect without compensation.

[0280] For example, the light incident surface of the refractive element may be a flat plane and be installed parallel to the light exit surface of the image source. A refractive element installed in this manner is easier to install and position, and the positioning accuracy of the relative positions of the refractive element and the image source is higher, so the surface shape and / or tilt angle of the formed virtual image can be more easily controlled and adjusted.

[0281] Alternatively, the light-entering surface of the refractive member may be obliquely disposed relative to the light-exiting surface of the image source, but there is no limitation thereto.

[0282] The refractive index at each point of the refractive member may be the same, for example, the refractive index at each point of the refractive member may be greater than 1. Alternatively, the refractive index at each point of the refractive member may be different.

[0283] In some cases, the distance between the light exit surface and the light entrance surface of the refractive element changes gradually, for example, gradually increasing, gradually decreasing, or gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing, and this embodiment is merely an example and is not limited to the illustrated manner.

[0284] For example, the refractive member may be disposed in close contact with the light output surface of the image source, i.e., the refractive member 120 is disposed in close contact with the light output surface of the image source assembly 130. For example, the refractive member may be disposed parallel to the image source and in close contact with the light output surface of the image source. Alternatively, the refractive member may be disposed parallel to the image source, and other optical elements for adjusting the optical path may be disposed between the refractive member and the image source, and the refractive member may be disposed indirectly in close contact with the light output surface of the image source via these optical elements. The present disclosure is not limited thereto, and specific reference may be made to the descriptions of the refractive member and the image source assembly in the previous embodiments.

[0285] For example, a light entrance surface of at least a portion of the refractive member and a light exit surface of at least a portion of the image source are spaced apart.

[0286] For example, the light entrance surface of at least a portion of the refractive member and the light exit surface of at least a portion of the image source are spaced apart. For example, the distance between them is 50 mm or less, or the distance is 10 mm or less. When the light entrance surface of at least a portion of the refractive member and the light exit surface of at least a portion of the image source are parallel to each other, the distance between them may be the distance between any corresponding positions of them, or when they are inclined relative to each other, the distance may be the minimum distance between them, the maximum distance between them, or the distance between them at a selected position.

[0287] For example, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the step of compensating and adjusting the initial light beam to obtain a light source light beam includes a step of making the light source light beam obtained after the initial light beam is subjected to light compensation processing incident on the light modulation layer.

[0288] For example, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the step of making the source light beam obtained after the initial light beam is subjected to the light compensation process incident on the light modulation layer includes making the source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly incident on different positions of the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, thereby making the source light beam have a first deflection. The source light beam with the first deflection has a deflection angle, and the deflection angle is the included angle between the source light beam with the first deflection and the normal to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer. For example, the deflection angle is the included angle between the chief ray of the source light beam and the normal to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer.

[0289] For example, the light compensation assembly is deflected by a set angle relative to a reference position, and the chief ray of the light source light is incident on the light-entering surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle at different positions. The reference position may be considered to be a position where the light compensation assembly and the light modulation layer are parallel to each other, and where the chief ray of the light source light is perpendicularly incident on the light modulation layer.

[0290] According to the above exemplary embodiment, by adjusting the angle between the light compensation assembly and the light modulation layer, the source light beam can have a first polarization, for example, the source light beam has a first polarization angle, and the first polarization of the source light beam can at least partially offset the second polarization of the image light beam caused by the refractive element.

[0291] For example, the first deflection angle and the second deflection angle caused by the second deflection after the image light beam passes through the refractive element are the same, but the deflection directions are opposite. Therefore, the initial first deflection angle of the light source light beam and the second deflection angle to which the image light beam is deflected after passing through the refractive element can be offset, and the refracted light beam obtained after passing through the refractive element can be emitted in a set direction and made to enter the eyebox area, thereby achieving the purpose of realizing optical compensation.

[0292] In a light source or display device with compensation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a light compensation assembly generates a first deflection of an initial light beam emitted from the light source to obtain a light source beam with a first deflection, and at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light beam caused by the refractive element is offset.

[0293] For example, the light compensation assembly includes at least one of a deflection layer, an off-center Fresnel lens, and a reflective element, which is configured to generate a first deflection on an initial light beam emitted from the light source assembly to form a light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly.

[0294] For example, taking the use of a deflection layer for light compensation as an example, in some cases, the light source light beams emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the light exit surface of the deflection layer have different deflection angles.

[0295] For example, the deflection layer can receive and refract one or more initial light beams. By adjusting the deflection angles at different positions on the deflection layer, the light source beams emitted from at least a portion of different positions on the light output surface of the deflection layer can have different deflection angles. In this way, the light source beams at different positions can be adjusted accordingly, thereby improving the accuracy of light compensation.

[0296] For example, in some examples, the deflection layer includes a plurality of tooth-like refractive structures, and the initial light beam emitted from the light source passes through the tooth-like refractive structures and then undergoes the first deflection to form the source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly.

[0297] For example, multiple tooth-shaped refractive structures of the deflection layer can deflect incident light rays, and tooth-shaped refractive structures at different positions can deflect light rays at different angles, for example, by adjusting at least one of the height, length, width and refractive index of the tooth-shaped refractive structures, the angle at which the incident light rays are deflected can be changed.

[0298] The deflection layer may further include a base, and a plurality of tooth-shaped refractive structures may be disposed on the upper surface of the base, such that initial light beams emitted from the light source are deflected after passing through the tooth-shaped refractive structures to form the light source beams emitted from the light compensation assembly. For example, but not limited to, the tooth-shaped refractive structures may correspond to at least some of the light source beams, so that different light source beams can be deflected at different angles.

[0299] The inclination angle and height of the light output surface of the tooth-shaped refractive structure can be determined according to the required deflection angle, and there is no limitation thereon.

[0300] For example, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the light compensation assembly includes a decentered Fresnel lens. An initial light beam emitted from the light source passes through the decentered Fresnel lens and is first deflected to form a light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly.

[0301] The texture of the base surface of the decentered Fresnel lens plays a role in refracting light rays, and by adjusting the texture of the base surface of the decentered Fresnel lens, it is possible to generate a deflection of a required deflection angle after the light rays pass through the decentered Fresnel lens.

[0302] For example, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the light compensation assembly includes a reflective element, and an initial light beam emitted from the light source undergoes a first deflection after passing through the reflective element to form a light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly.

[0303] For example, the reflective element serves to change the propagation direction of the source light beam, and deflects the initial light beam according to the principle of optical path reflection, and directs the source light beam formed after deflecting the initial light beam to different positions on the light-incident surface of the light modulating layer with at least one deflection angle, thereby making the source light beam have a first deflection.

[0304] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reflective element includes a first sub-reflective element and a second sub-reflective element.

[0305] The first sub-reflecting element is configured to reflect the incident initial light beam to the second sub-reflecting element, and the second sub-reflecting element is configured to reflect the incident light beam and generate a first polarization in the initial light beam to form a light source light beam having the first polarization. The installation positions and installation manners of the first sub-reflecting element and the second sub-reflecting element can be determined as needed, and this embodiment does not limit thereto.

[0306] For example, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the shapes of the light compensation assembly and the refractive element are complementary, whereby the first deflection occurring in the source light beam offsets at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light beam by the refractive element.

[0307] Because the shapes of the light compensation assembly and the refractive member are complementary, the first polarization of the light source light can at least partially offset the second polarization, thereby achieving the purpose of realizing backlight compensation.

[0308] According to the above exemplary embodiment, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the light compensation assembly changes the deflection angle of the initial light beam emitted from the light source, causing the initial light beam to be deflected to a first deflection, thereby forming a light source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly, and at least a part of the initial first deflection angle of the light source light beam and the second deflection angle to which the light source light beam is deflected after passing through the refractive element are offset, thereby achieving the purpose of backlight compensation.

[0309] For example, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the step of compensating and adjusting the initial light beam further includes the steps of processing the initial light beam emitted from the light source with a direction control member included in the light compensation assembly to form a light source light beam, and adjusting the propagation direction of the initial light beam by the direction control member to achieve the compensation and adjustment. For example, the initial light beam emitted from the light source is the initial light beam emitted from a light-emitting element of the light source, and the light-emitting element is, for example, an electroluminescent element, for example, but not limited to, an OLED.

[0310] For example, in step S120 of method 1000 and / or step S220 of method 2000, the direction control member includes a reflective wall configured to reflect the initial light ray, and the extension direction of the reflective wall and the output surface of the light modulation layer have a first inclination angle, thereby generating a first deflection in the light source light ray to form a light source light ray with a first deflection, and the light source light ray is output from the output surface of the light compensation assembly, for example, to an image source assembly.

[0311] For example, the direction control member includes a reflective wall configured to reflect the initial light beam emitted from the light source. The extension direction of the reflective wall and the light output surface of the light modulation layer form a second inclination angle, and the initial light beam reflected from the reflective wall is deflected to obtain the light source light beam, so that the light source light beam is incident on different positions on the light input surface of the image source assembly at at least one deflection angle, for example, on different positions on the light input surface of the light modulation layer. In addition to adjusting the output direction of the light source light beam, the reflective wall also serves a light-concentrating function, which can avoid wasting light and improve the brightness of the virtual image without additional power.

[0312] According to the above exemplary embodiment, the light compensation method used in the display device of the present disclosure compensates and adjusts the light rays in the backlight optical path of the image source, so that the first deflection generated in the light rays at least partially offsets the second deflection of the light rays caused by the refractive element, thereby reducing the problem that the second deflection prevents some light rays from entering the eyebox area, resulting in poor imaging effect of the virtual image seen by the user.

[0313] By compensating and adjusting the backlight light rays of the image source, light rays that would not be able to enter the eyebox area after being deflected by the refractive element without compensation can be made to enter the eyebox area, that is, the incident conditions of the refracted light rays into the eyebox area after compensation are better than the incident conditions of the refracted light rays into the eyebox area assuming no compensation adjustment, thereby solving the problem of virtual image deviation and improving at least one of the brightness, uniformity and contrast of the formed virtual image, thereby further improving the imaging effect.

[0314] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an image source, which can play a light compensation role and improve the imaging effect of the virtual image.

[0315] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, an image source according to the present disclosure includes a light compensation assembly and a light modulation layer.

[0316] An image source and a display device including a light compensation assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings.

[0317] For example, Figure 27a shows a structural schematic diagram of one of the image sources of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to Figure 27a, the image source 10 includes a light compensation assembly 11 and a light modulation layer 12 (i.e., an imaging layer). A display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes the image source, wherein the light compensation assembly 11 is configured to emit a source light ray R1, the light modulation layer 12 is configured to convert the incident source light ray R1 into an image light ray R2, and the image light ray R2 is configured to exit the light exit surface of the image source 10 to form an image light ray R3, and the source light ray R1 is incident on different positions of the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer 12 at at least one deflection angle, which is the included angle between the source light ray and the normal to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer 12.

[0318] In this way, the light compensation assembly 11 can perform a first deflection on the initial light beam emitted from the light source to generate a source light beam with a first deflection, and the first deflection of the source light beam can be used to offset at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light beam by the refractive element 120, so that the image light beam for forming a virtual image finally enters a predetermined eyebox area, thereby positioning the virtual image at the predetermined position desired by the user, compensating for the virtual image displacement caused by the refractive element 120 and reducing or avoiding the virtual image displacement. The virtual image displacement problem is a very serious issue that affects the user's viewing experience. If the virtual image displacement is not compensated for, the position of the virtual image (images of traffic signs, warning symbols, road stickers, etc.) seen by the user will be displaced and not in the predetermined ideal position, resulting in an incomplete virtual image and missing some information, which will have a serious impact on the driving experience and driving safety. Therefore, solving this problem is of great significance. In addition, by using the light compensation assembly 11 to ultimately direct the image light rays for forming a virtual image into a predetermined eyebox area, at least one of the brightness, uniformity, and contrast of the formed virtual image can be improved.

[0319] For example, referring to Figure 27a, the light compensation assembly 11 emits a source light beam R1. The light compensation assembly 11 may include a portion that emits light beams based on electroluminescence principles.

[0320] For example, the light compensation assembly 11 includes a light source, which may be an electroluminescent device such as a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a mini light-emitting diode (Mini LED), a micro light-emitting diode (Micro LED), a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), an LED cold light source (Cold LED Light (CLL), an electroluminescent (EL), a field emission display (FED) or a quantum dot light source (Quantum Dot (QD)).

[0321] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, light modulating layer 12 is configured to convert incident source light rays R1 into image light rays R2.

[0322] For example, referring to FIG. 27a, a source light ray R1 is incident on the light modulating layer 12 and then converted by the light modulating layer 12 into an image light ray R2.

[0323] In some examples, the angle of emergence of image light rays R2 from light modulating layer 12 is the same as the angle of source light rays R1 incident on light modulating layer 12, but is not limited to this.

[0324] The light modulation layer 12 may include a liquid crystal panel, which converts the incident light source light R1 into an image light R2 with or without a predetermined pattern in at least a portion of the area. The predetermined pattern may be any pattern that needs to be displayed, such as, but not limited to, a pattern that includes information about the navigation of the vehicle, the remaining fuel level, the mileage, or the surrounding environment and road conditions of the vehicle. The image light without a pattern may be an image light that displays a pure background color.

[0325] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal panel includes, but is not limited to, a thin film transistor liquid crystal panel, a twisted nematic liquid crystal panel, a multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal panel, a planar transformation liquid crystal panel, or an ADS liquid crystal panel.

[0326] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, image ray R2 is emitted from the exit surface of image source 10, and for clarity, the light emitted from the exit surface of the image source is referred to as image ray R3.

[0327] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the source light beam R1 emitted from the light compensation assembly is incident on different positions of the light input surface of the light modulating layer 12 with at least one deflection angle.

[0328] The deflection angle may be the angle between the chief ray of the source light beam R1 and the normal to the light-incident surface of the light modulating layer 12, for example, the first deflection angle α shown in FIG. 27a.

[0329] For example, the display device further includes a refractive element 20 configured to refract at least a portion of the image rays R3 and then emit refracted rays R4.

[0330] For example, referring to FIG. 27a, a refractive element 20 is disposed on the surface of the image source 10, and at least some of the image rays R3 enter the refractive element 20, pass through the refractive element 20, and exit after being deflected.

[0331] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the light incident surface of the refractive element 20 may be a flat plane and is installed parallel to the light exit surface of the light modulation layer 12. The refractive element 20 installed in this manner is easier to install and position, and the positioning accuracy of the relative positions of the refractive element 20 and the image source 10 is higher, so that the surface shape and / or tilt angle, etc. of the formed virtual image can be more easily controlled and adjusted.

[0332] Alternatively, the light incident surface of the refractive member 20 may be obliquely disposed relative to the light exit surface of the image source, and the refractive member 20 may be supported and fixed by a structure such as a support frame, without any limitation. The refractive indexes at different points on the refractive member 20 may be the same or different, and in some examples, the refractive indexes at different points on the refractive member 20 are all greater than 1, thereby adjusting the optical path of at least some of the image rays R3 and varying the imaging distances at different positions of the formed virtual image. In some preferred examples, the imaging distance of the virtual image formed by the display device gradually changes.

[0333] For example, refractive member 20 is placed in close contact with the light exit surface of image source 10. This close contact may be direct contact or indirect contact via another structure, and when there is no gas medium between the light entrance surface of refractive member 20 and the light exit surface of image source 10, the two can be considered to be placed in close contact.

[0334] For example, referring to FIG. 27 a, the refractive element 20 is placed parallel to the image source 10 and in close contact with the light output surface of the image source 10 .

[0335] Alternatively, the refractive element 20 may be installed parallel to the image source 10, and other optical elements used for adjusting the optical path may be installed between the refractive element 20 and the image source 10, and the refractive element 20 may be indirectly in close contact with the light output surface of the image source 10 through these optical elements, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0336] For example, the light entrance surface of at least a portion of refractive member 20 and the light exit surface of at least a portion of image source 10 are spaced apart.

[0337] For example, the distance between them is 50 mm or less, or 10 mm or less. When at least a part of the light entrance surface of refractive member 20 and at least a part of the light exit surface of image source 10 are parallel to each other, the distance between them may be the distance between any corresponding positions of them, or when they are inclined relative to each other, the distance may be the minimum distance between them, the maximum distance between them, or the distance between them at a selected position.

[0338] In some cases, the distance between the light exit surface and the light entrance surface of the refractive element 20 varies gradually, for example, gradually increasing, gradually decreasing, gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing, etc. This embodiment is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0339] For example, referring to FIG. 27a, the refractive index of the refractive element 20 is greater than 1, and the distance between the light exit surface and the light incident surface of the refractive element 20 gradually decreases from left to right.

[0340] FIG. 27a only shows a structural schematic diagram of one refractive member in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, refractive members of this structure.

[0341] The refracted ray R4 has a second deflection angle relative to what it would be if it were not deflected.

[0342] For example, referring to FIG. 27a, when the image ray R3 is assumed not to be deflected by the refractive element 20, it forms a ray R5 (i.e., in an undeflected state), and the image ray R3 is deflected by the refractive element 20 to form a ray R4 (the ray R4 is also referred to as a refracted ray), and the ray R4 has a second deflection angle with respect to the ray R5, e.g., the second deflection angle β in FIG. 27a.

[0343] The light source light beam R1 emitted from the light compensation assembly 11 has a first deflection, which can at least partially offset the second deflection of the image light beam R3 caused by the processing of the refractive element 20. As a result, at least a portion of the image light beam R3 has a set exit angle after being processed by the refractive element 20 and caused by the second deflection. In other words, the light beam is adjusted by the first deflection and the second deflection, so that the light beam after passing through the refractive element 20 can propagate along a set angle and be incident on a target position in the eyebox area.

[0344] For example, the set exit angle may be the exit angle when the uncompensated light ray is not deflected by the refractive element 20, and the first deflection angle α of the source light ray can cancel out the second deflection angle β of the image light ray due to refraction by the refractive element 20.

[0345] In this embodiment, the first deflection angle and the second deflection angle may be in a conjugate relationship, for example, but not limited to, having the same size and opposite directions.

[0346] According to the above exemplary embodiment, by compensating and adjusting the light rays in the backlight optical path of the image source, a first deflection is generated in the light rays, which can at least partially offset the second deflection of the image light rays caused by the refractive element, and ultimately emit the light rays at the required emission angle.

[0347] For example, the display device further includes a reflective imaging unit 30 that is configured to reflect refracted light ray R5 incident on the reflective imaging unit 30 to an eyebox region 40 of the display device, and to make the incident condition of the refracted light ray relative to the eyebox region 40 better than the incident condition of the refracted light ray relative to the eyebox region that would occur if the light source light were incident perpendicularly to the light-entering surface of the light modulation layer. Here, "normally incident" refers to the case where there is no deflection angle, i.e., the deflection angle is zero.

[0348] For example, referring to FIG. 27a, a reflective imaging portion 30 is further disposed external to the image source 10 (eg, the windshield of a vehicle).

[0349] The refracted light ray R4 emitted from the refractive member 20 is incident on the reflective image forming unit 30. The reflective image forming unit 30 reflects the incident refracted light ray R4 and makes the refracted light ray R4 incident on the eye box region 40.

[0350] For example, the eyebox region 40 is the user's line of sight region, and thus the user can see the virtual image that the refracted light rays form within the line of sight region.

[0351] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the source light ray R1 is obtained by compensating and adjusting the initial light ray emitted from the light source, so that the incident condition of the refracted light ray R4 formed by processing the source light ray R1 emitted from the light compensation assembly 11 with the refractive element 20 into the eye box region 40 (for ease of explanation, this condition will be referred to as the compensated incident condition) is better than the incident condition of the refracted light ray R3 into the eye box region 40 (for ease of explanation, this condition will be referred to as the uncompensated incident condition) that occurs when the source light ray R1 is assumed to be incident perpendicular to the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12 (for example, the incident direction of the main ray of the source light ray R1 is perpendicular to the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12).

[0352] FIG. 27b shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an uncompensated image source.

[0353] 27b, the incident direction of the source light ray R1 emitted from the light compensation assembly 11 is perpendicular to the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 27a and FIG. 27b, the uncompensated source light ray R1 will eventually be deflected through refraction by the refractive element 20, and thus some refracted light rays R4 may not be able to reach the eyebox region 40.

[0354] Therefore, the incident conditions after compensation being better than the non-compensated incident conditions may mean, but are not limited to, that more light is incident on the eyebox region 40 after compensation, thereby resulting in a higher brightness of the virtual image formed after compensation, and / or that the light is more uniform on the eyebox region 40 after compensation, thereby resulting in a better uniformity of the virtual image formed after compensation, and / or that the contrast of the virtual image formed after compensation is higher.

[0355] For example, in a hypothetical case, the refracted light ray R4 finally formed by the light source light ray R1 obtained without compensating the initial light ray emitted from the light source will have a poor imaging effect in the eyebox region 40, such as low brightness, poor imaging uniformity, insufficient contrast, etc., whereas the refracted light ray R4 finally formed by the light source light ray R1 after compensating the initial light ray emitted from the light source will have a good imaging effect in the eyebox region 40, thereby avoiding the problems of low brightness, poor imaging uniformity, or insufficient contrast in the image seen by the user due to some light rays not reaching the eyebox region 40.

[0356] Since the original light beam emitted from the light source is compensated to obtain the source light beam R1, the source light beam R1 obtained after the compensation has a relatively good light beam brightness, so that the final imaging effect of the compensated source light beam R1 is better than that of the uncompensated case.

[0357] For example, light compensation assembly 11 has a first angle with respect to light modulation layer 12 and is configured to direct source light beam R1 emitted from light compensation assembly 11 to different positions on the light entrance surface of light modulation layer 12 at at least one deflection angle. Light compensation assembly 11 has a deflection angle, which is the included angle between source light beam R1 and the normal to the light entrance surface of light modulation layer 12.

[0358] FIG. 28 shows another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0359] For example, referring to FIG. 28, the light compensation assembly 11 is deflected by a set angle relative to a reference position (the position shown by the dashed line in the drawing), whereby the light compensation assembly 11 is configured to have a first angle relative to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer 12.

[0360] When the chief ray of the light source light beam R1 emitted from the light compensation assembly 11 is emitted perpendicular to the light output surface of the light compensation assembly 11, because the light compensation assembly 11 has a first angle with respect to the light input surface of the light modulation layer 12, the chief ray of the light source light beam R1 is deflected to a certain extent with respect to the light input surface of the light modulation layer 12, and thereby enters different positions on the light input surface of the light modulation layer 12 at at least one deflection angle.

[0361] When the light compensation assembly 11 is not configured to have a first angle with respect to the light modulation layer 12, for example, see FIG. 27b, the chief ray of the light source light beam R1 enters the light modulation layer perpendicular to the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer 12.

[0362] When the light compensation assembly 11 is configured to have a first angle with respect to the light modulation layer 12, for example, see FIG. 28, the chief ray of the source light beam R1 is incident on the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer with at least one deflection angle.

[0363] The deflection angle (angle α shown in the drawings) may be the included angle between the chief ray of the source light beam R 1 and the normal to the light-entering surface of the light modulating layer 12 .

[0364] By adjusting the angle between the light compensation assembly 11 and the light modulation layer 12, the main ray of the light source light beam R1 can be deflected relative to the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12 and incident on different positions of the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12 at at least one deflection angle, thereby generating a first deflection.

[0365] The first deflection of the source light ray R1 can offset the second deflection of the image light ray R3 by the refractive element 20.

[0366] For example, the first deflection angle α and the second deflection angle β of the second deflection generated after the image ray R3 passes through the refractive element 20 are the same, but the deflection directions are opposite. Therefore, the initial deflection angle of the source ray R1 and the angle at which the image ray R3 is deflected after passing through the refractive element 20 can be offset, so that the image ray R3 can finally exit the image source 10 at a set angle and reach the predetermined eyebox area, thereby achieving the purpose of realizing optical compensation, reducing or avoiding virtual image deviation, and achieving the above-mentioned technical effects of increasing the brightness and contrast of the virtual image observed by the user.

[0367] For example, the light compensation assembly 111 includes a light source 1111 and a direction control member 1112, and the direction control member 1112 is configured to process the initial light beam emitted from the light source 1111 to obtain a light source beam R1 having a first deflection, and performs at least one of converging, diffusing, and collimating processes.

[0368] By configuring the light source 1111 to have a first inclination angle with the light input / output surface of the light modulation layer 12, the light source light beam R1 can be made to have a first deflection, or by adjusting the light output direction of the direction control member 1112, the initial light beam can be deflected at a first deflection angle, thereby achieving the effect that the light source light beam has a first deflection angle.

[0369] Regarding the manner of adjusting the light output direction of the light source 1111, Figure 29 shows another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to Figure 29, the light source 1111 and the light modulation layer 12 have a first tilt angle, such as the first tilt angle Y in Figure 29. Therefore, the source light beam R1 formed after the initial light beam emitted from the light source 1111 is processed by the direction control member 1112 is incident on different positions on the light input surface of the light modulation layer with at least one deflection angle, so that the source light beam R1 has a first deflection.

[0370] The deflection angle is the angle between the chief ray of the source light beam R1 and the normal to the light-incident surface of the light modulating layer 12, for example, the deflection angle includes a first deflection angle, for example, the first deflection angle α shown in FIG.

[0371] Regarding the manner of adjusting the light output direction of the direction control member 1112, Figure 30 shows another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to Figure 30, the light compensation assembly 11 includes a light source assembly 111 and a light compensation member 113, the light source assembly 111 including a light source 1111 and a direction control member 1112, the light source 1111 emits an initial light ray R0, the light compensation member 113 is configured to perform light compensation processing on the incident initial light ray R0 to obtain a source light ray R1, and direct the source light ray R1 to different positions on the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12 at at least one deflection angle, so that the source light ray R1 has the first deflection, and the chief ray of the initial light ray R0 emitted from the light source 1111 is perpendicular to the light incident surface of the direction control member 1112. The direction control member 1112 is configured to adjust the initial light ray R0 emitted from the light source 1111, the adjustment including at least one of converging, diffusing, and collimating, and the initial light ray R0 is output after being converged and collimated by the direction control member 1112 and output to the light compensation member 113. In some examples, the direction control member 1112 may include a reflective structure such as a reflective cup or a reflective sheet, for example, the reflective cups correspond one-to-one to the light sources 1111, and each reflective cup adjusts the initial light ray R0 emitted from the corresponding light source 1111.

[0372] In some other examples, the direction control member 1112 further includes a reflective wall configured to reflect the initial light ray, and the extension direction of the reflective wall and the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12 have a second inclination angle, thereby generating a first deflection in the light source light ray R1 reflected by the reflective wall, but is not limited to this.

[0373] 30, the light compensation member 113 is disposed between the direction control member 1112 and the light modulation layer 12. Or, in another embodiment, the light compensation member is disposed between the light source assembly (including the light source capable of emitting light) and the direction control member, i.e., located between the light source and the direction control member, the light beam emitted from the light source passes through the light compensation member, is deflected, and enters the direction control member, and further passes through the direction control member to be converged, diverged, or collimated at least one time before being emitted, and the processing of the light beam by the direction control member 1112 does not affect the deflection direction of the light source beam.

[0374] FIG. 31 shows another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0375] For example, referring to FIG. 31, the reflective wall of the direction control member 1112 receives the initial light beam emitted from the light source 1111.

[0376] The extension direction of the reflective wall of the direction control member 1112 and the light modulating layer 12 have a first inclination angle, for example, the first inclination angle Y in FIG. 31. Because the initial light ray of the light source 1111 is perpendicular to the direction control member 1112, the source light ray R1 formed by deflecting the initial light ray emitted from the light source 1111 is incident on different positions on the light incident surface of the light modulating layer 12 with at least one deflection angle, so that the source light ray R1 has a first deflection.

[0377] The deflection angle is the angle between the chief ray of the source light beam R1 and the normal to the light-incident surface of the light modulating layer 12, for example, the deflection angle includes a first deflection angle, for example, the first deflection angle α shown in FIG.

[0378] According to the above exemplary embodiment, by adjusting the inclination angle between the reflective wall of the direction control member 1112 and the light modulation layer 12, the output angle of the light source 1111 can be adjusted, so that the light source light ray R1 has a first polarization.

[0379] For example, in addition to the forms of the above-mentioned examples, in some examples, the light source assembly can be combined with a light compensation assembly to achieve backlight compensation, and when the light compensation assembly is arranged, the light source and the direction control member may perform compensatory deflection on the light beam, or may not perform compensatory deflection on the light beam, and this is not limited thereto.

[0380] 32 shows another structural schematic diagram of an image source according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The light compensation assembly 11 includes a light source assembly 111 and a light compensation member 113. The light source of the light source assembly 111 emits an initial light ray R0. The light compensation member 113 is configured to perform a light compensation process on the incident initial light ray R0 to obtain a light source light ray R1 emitted from the light compensation assembly 11, and to direct the light source light ray R1 emitted from the light compensation assembly 11 to different positions on the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12 at at least one deflection angle to generate a first deflection in the light source light ray R1. The deflection angle is the included angle between the light source light ray R1 and the normal to the light incident surface of the light modulation layer 12.

[0381] 32, the light compensation member 113 is disposed between the light source assembly 111 and the light modulation layer 12. For example, in another embodiment, when the light compensation member is disposed between the light source assembly and the direction control member, the light beam emitted from the light source passes through the light compensation member, is deflected, enters the direction control member, and further passes through the direction control member to be converged, diverged, or collimated before being emitted, and the processing of the light beam by the direction control member does not affect the deflection direction of the light source beam.

[0382] For example, the light compensation member 113 includes at least one of a deflection layer, an eccentric Fresnel lens, and a reflection element, which is configured to generate a first deflection on an initial light source beam emitted from a light source to form a light source beam.

[0383] For example, the texture of the base surface of the decentered Fresnel lens plays a refracting role on light rays, and by adjusting the texture of the base surface of the decentered Fresnel lens, it is possible to generate a deflection of a required deflection angle after the light rays pass through the decentered Fresnel lens.

[0384] For example, the light compensation element 113 is configured to deflect the initial light ray R0 emitted from the light source 111 to obtain a light source light ray R1, and make the light source light ray R1 incident on different positions of the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer 12 at at least one deflection angle after passing through the light compensation element 113.

[0385] FIG. 33a shows a structural schematic of a deflector layer in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0386] 33a, the deflection layer includes a plurality of tooth-like refractive structures 131. After the source light beam R1 emitted from the light source assembly 11 passes through the tooth-like refractive structures 131, a first deflection occurs.

[0387] Referring to FIG. 33a, the tooth-shaped refractive structures 131 of the deflection layer can deflect incident light rays, and the tooth-shaped refractive structures 131 at different positions can deflect the light rays at different angles, for example, by adjusting at least one of the height, length, width and refractive index of the tooth-shaped refractive structures 131, the angle at which the incident light rays are deflected can be changed.

[0388] In some other embodiments, the included angles between the second entrance surface and the second exit surface at different positions of the tooth-shaped refractive structure 131 may be the same, so that the incident initial light beams can be deflected at the same deflection angle, i.e., the light source beams emitted from the deflection layer have the same deflection angle.

[0389] 33a, the deflection layer may further include a base 132. A plurality of tooth-shaped refractive structures 131 are disposed on the upper surface of the base 132, and the initial light beam R0 emitted from the light source assembly 111 undergoes a first deflection after passing through the tooth-shaped refractive structures 131, thereby forming a light source light beam R1 having a first deflection.

[0390] In order to more clearly understand the shape of the tooth-like refractive structure, the circled portion in FIG. 33a is enlarged and shown in FIG. 33b below.

[0391] 33b shows an enlarged schematic view of a tooth-shaped refractive structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 33b, the tooth-shaped refractive structure 131 has a certain inclination angle and height. The inclination angle and height of the light output surface of the tooth-shaped refractive structure 131 can be determined according to the required deflection angle and are not limited thereto.

[0392] For example, taking the use of a deflection layer for light compensation as an example, in some cases, the light source light beams emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the light exit surface of the deflection layer have different deflection angles.

[0393] For example, the deflection layer can receive and refract one or more initial light beams. By adjusting the deflection angles at different positions on the deflection layer, the light source beams emitted from at least a portion of different positions on the light output surface of the deflection layer can have different deflection angles. In this way, the light source beams at different positions can be adjusted accordingly, thereby improving the accuracy of light compensation.

[0394] For example, the light compensation assembly includes a reflective element, and the initial light ray R0 emitted from the light source assembly 111 passes through the reflective element and is subjected to a first deflection.

[0395] For example, the reflective element serves to change the propagation direction of the initial light ray R0 emitted from the light source, and deflects the light source ray according to the principle of optical path reflection, and directs the light source ray R1 obtained after deflecting the initial light ray R0 to different positions on the light incident surface of the light modulating layer 12 with at least one deflection angle, thereby generating a first deflection of the light source ray R1.

[0396] For example, the reflective element includes a first sub-reflective element 113a and a second sub-reflective element 113b. The first sub-reflective element 113a is configured to reflect an initial light ray R0 emitted from an incident light source to the second sub-reflective element 113b, and the second sub-reflective element 113b is configured to reflect the incident initial light ray R0 (i.e., the light ray from the first sub-reflective element) and generate a first polarization in the initial light ray R0 to form a light source light ray having a first polarization.

[0397] FIG. 34 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0398] 34, the reflective element includes a first sub-reflective element 113a and a second sub-reflective element 113b. By setting the optical path positions of the first sub-reflective element 113a and the second sub-reflective element 113b, the first sub-reflective element 113a receives an initial light ray R0 emitted from the light source assembly 111 and reflects the initial light ray R0 to the second sub-reflective element 113b.

[0399] The second sub-reflecting element 113b receives and reflects the initial light ray R0 reflected from the first sub-reflecting element 113a, thereby deflecting the optical path of the initial light ray R0 with respect to the initial light source light ray to obtain a light source light ray R1. The light source light ray R1 is incident on different positions on the light incident surface of the light modulating layer 12 at at least one deflection angle, so that the light source light ray R1 has a first deflection. The installation positions and installation manners of the first sub-reflecting element 113a and the second sub-reflecting element 113b can be determined as needed, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0400] For example, the light compensation assembly 113 and the refractive member 20 have complementary shapes such that the first deflection of the source light beam R 1 at least partially offsets the second deflection of the image light beam R 3 by the refractive member 20 .

[0401] FIG. 35 illustrates another structural schematic diagram of an image source in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0402] Because the shapes of the light compensation member 113 and the refractive member 20 are complementary, the first deflection of the source light beam R1 can at least partially offset the second deflection caused by the refractive member, allowing the image light beam R3 to be emitted at a set angle, thereby achieving the purpose of backlight compensation.

[0403] In addition to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, the image source of the embodiment of the present invention can also realize the deflection of the light source light beam by installing a separate light compensation element, and when a light compensation element is installed, the light source and the direction control element may deflect the light source light beam or may not deflect the light source light beam, and there is no limitation thereon. Hereinafter, an image source including a light compensation element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

[0404] 36 is a schematic diagram of an image source including a light compensation element according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 36, the image source according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may include an imaging layer 210 (corresponding to the light modulation layer in the previous embodiment) and a light source unit 220 (shown in a dashed frame). The light source unit 220 may include a light source assembly 610 and a light compensation element 620. The light source assembly 610 may be used to emit initial light beams 10, and the light compensation element 620 may deflect at least a portion of the initial light beams 10 to obtain a light source beam having a deflection angle α. The light compensation element 620 may be disposed between the light source assembly 610 and the imaging layer 210, or may be disposed inside the light source assembly 610.

[0405] In some embodiments, the light source assembly 610 may include at least one of electroluminescent elements such as a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a mini light emitting diode (Mini LED), a micro light emitting diode (Micro LED), a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), a LED cold light source (CLL), an electroluminescent (EL), a field emission display (FED), a quantum dot light source (QD), or may include, for example, an RGB three-primary color laser module and a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) in laser scanning projection (LBS) technology. In some embodiments, the light source assembly 610 may include a light source and a light beam processing element, where the light source is used to emit an initial light beam, and the light beam processing element is used to adjust the initial light beam emitted from the light source to obtain a light source light beam with a deflection angle, where the adjustment includes at least one of converging, diffusing, and collimating, etc., and the light compensation element 620 may be installed between the light source and the light beam processing element (i.e., the above-mentioned direction control element), or the light compensation element 620 may be installed between the light beam processing element and the imaging layer 210.

[0406] When the light compensating member 620 is disposed between the light processing member and the imaging layer 210, the light emitted from the light processing member passes through the light compensating member 620, is deflected, and then enters the imaging layer 210, thereby achieving the purpose of backlight compensation. When the light compensating member 620 is disposed between the light source and the light processing member, the light emitted from the light source passes through the light compensating member 620, is deflected, and then enters the light processing member, and then passes through the light processing member to be subjected to at least one of convergence processing, diffusion processing, collimation processing, etc. before being emitted, and the processing of the light by the light processing member does not affect the deflection direction of the light from the source.

[0407] In some embodiments, the light processing element may not change the propagation direction of the initial light beam, and the light compensation element 620 is used to deflect the initial light beam. In other embodiments, the light processing element may be used to change the propagation direction of the initial light beam, thereby eliminating the need for a light compensation element. In still other embodiments, the light processing element and the light compensation element may be installed simultaneously as needed, both of which change the propagation direction of the initial light beam, thereby meeting application needs such as when source light beams derived from multiple initial light beams are incident on the imaging layer at different deflection angles.

[0408] In other embodiments, the light compensating member 620 may be positioned proximate to the light incident surface 211 of the imaging layer 210. In further embodiments, the light compensating member 620 may be positioned in contact with the light incident surface 211 of the imaging layer 210 or not in contact with the light incident surface 211 of the imaging layer 210. In some embodiments, the light compensating member 620 may be positioned proximate to the light source assembly 610, and may or may not be in contact with the light source assembly 610.

[0409] In some embodiments, the imaging layer 210 can be used to convert incident source light rays into image light rays 20 and emit the image light rays 20 from the exit surface 320 of the imaging layer 210 as image light rays 30, and the source light rays can be incident at different positions on the entrance surface 211 of the imaging layer 210 at at least one deflection angle. For ease of explanation, the light rays propagating through the imaging layer 210 will be referred to as image light rays 20, which can be understood as an intermediate state in the conversion of the source light rays into image light rays 30. In other embodiments, the imaging layer 210 can be configured not to change the propagation direction of the incident source light rays, i.e., the propagation directions of the image light rays 30 emitted from the exit surface 320 of the imaging layer 210 and the incident source light rays are essentially the same.

[0410] In some further embodiments, the shape of the light compensation member 620 is complementary to the shape of the refractive member 310. Specifically, when an image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to a display device including a refractive member 310, the shape of the light compensation member 620 can be determined based on the shape of the refractive member 310, particularly the shape of the exit surface of the refractive member 310. Here, the complementary shapes can be understood to mean that the shapes of the entrance surface of the light compensation member 620 and the exit surface of the refractive member 310 are complementary to each other.

[0411] For example, when the exit surface of the refractive element 310 is an inclined plane, the first included angle θ1 between the incident surface of the light compensation element 620 and the light incident surface 211 of the imaging layer 210 and the second included angle θ2 between the exit surface of the refractive element 310 and the light exit surface 320 of the imaging layer 210 may be complementary. Also, when the exit surface of the refractive element 310 is a curved surface, the first included angle θ1 between the tangent at each position on the incident surface of the light compensation element 620 and the light incident surface 211 and the second included angle θ2 between the tangent at a corresponding position on the exit surface of the refractive element 310 and the light exit surface 320 are complementary. Here, the corresponding position may be a position through which the same light ray as a certain position on the incident surface of the light compensation element 620 passes. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the light compensation element 620 and the refractive element 310 may be the same. Complementary means that after the light passes through the light compensation element 620 and the refractive element 310, the light entering the light compensation element 620 and the light exiting from the refractive element are parallel to each other. In some other embodiments, the shape of the exit surface of the refractive element 310 and the shape of the entrance surface of the light compensation element 620 can be fitted together, and the fitted refractive element 310 and the light compensation element 620 can form a rectangular body.

[0412] 36 , the initial light ray 10 is deflected by a deflection angle α when passing through the light compensation element 620, forming a deflected light source ray. The deflected light ray 10 enters the light-incident surface 211 of the imaging layer 210 and then exits the light-exiting surface 320 of the imaging layer 210 as an image ray 30. Because the image ray 30 has a deflection angle, it can at least partially offset the additional deflection caused by the refractive element 310. As can be seen, when the shape of the light compensation element 620 is set to be complementary to that of the refractive element 310, the deflection effect of the light compensation element 620 can be used to completely or almost completely offset the additional deflection caused by the refractive element 310, thereby enabling the refracted light ray 40 to exit at a desired exit angle (e.g., perpendicular to the light-exiting surface 320) as would be the case if the refractive element 310 and the light compensation element 620 were not installed, thereby achieving the goals of backlight compensation and improved imaging effect.

[0413] 36 has been illustratively described above, but it should be understood that the light compensation member 620 shown in the drawing is illustrative and not limiting. For example, in some embodiments, the light compensation member may include at least one of a deflection layer, a Fresnel lens, and a reflective element. In other embodiments, the light compensation member 620 may be implemented in the form of a Fresnel lens, and the texture of the base surface of the Fresnel lens plays a refracting role on light rays. By adjusting the texture of the base surface of the Fresnel lens, the light rays can be deflected at a required deflection angle after passing through the Fresnel lens. In still other embodiments, the Fresnel lens may be an eccentric Fresnel lens.

[0414] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a head-up display device, which includes any image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure or any display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0415] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a transportation device, the transportation device including any head-up display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The transportation device may be any suitable transportation means, such as a car, a work vehicle, a watercraft, or an airplane.

[0416] A head-up display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has the technical effects of any image source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure or any display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0417] The image source, display device, head-up display device, and traffic device with refractive elements according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can adapt to the needs of the application environment, match the imaging distance of the content displayed in the virtual image with the distance of the environmental object from the user, achieve the effect of the content displayed in the virtual image and the environmental object always blending tightly, better combine the image with the external real object, obtain a better visual effect, and improve the user's usage experience with the display device.

[0418] The image source, display device, head-up display device, and traffic device having a light compensation assembly according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can obtain a source light beam with a first polarization by compensating for the initial light beam emitted from the light source assembly, whereby the first polarization of the source light beam at least partially offsets the second polarization of the image light beam caused by the refractive element, reducing the optical path loss caused by the second polarization, thereby achieving light compensation and improving the imaging effect of the display device. Also, by compensating for the initial light beam, the incident condition of the light beam on the eyebox region can be made better than the incident condition of the light beam on the eyebox region assuming no compensation adjustment, thereby improving the imaging effect.

[0419] The above are merely exemplary or preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions of the above embodiments or equivalently replace some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The scope of protection of the present disclosure shall be determined according to the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A display device, an image source assembly, a refractive member, and a processing section; the image source assembly is configured to emit an image beam; a refractive element disposed on a light output side of the image source assembly and configured to change the optical path of at least some of the image light rays to change an imaging distance of at least some of the virtual image formed by the image light rays; A display device, wherein a processing unit is disposed on the light exit side of the refractive member, and the processing unit is configured to propagate at least a portion of the image light rays to an eyebox region, and at least a portion of the image light rays processed by the processing unit includes refracted light rays that are emitted from the image source assembly and exit through the refractive member.

2. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the optical paths within the refractive member of refracted light rays emitted from different positions on at least a portion of the light exit surface of the refractive member are different, thereby changing the imaging distance of at least a portion of the virtual image formed by the image light rays.

3. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the processing unit includes a magnification assembly, the magnification assembly configured to process the refracted light beam to magnify the virtual image.

4. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the optical paths within the refractive element of the image light beams emitted from at least some different positions on the light exit surface of the refractive element and the magnified light beams formed after the refracted light beams are processed by the magnifying assembly form the virtual image, and the change in the virtual image formed by the magnified light beams has a related relationship with a reference image, and the reference image is an image formed by the magnified light beams obtained after the image light beams emitted from the image source assembly are processed by the magnifying assembly when the refractive element is not present.

5. The light incident surface of the refractive member is a flat surface, and the light exit surface of the refractive member is a flat surface or a curved surface; 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of at least some of the refractive members gradually changes along at least one direction, and / or the refractive index of at least some of the refractive members gradually changes along at least one direction.

6. The refractive index of the refractive member is greater than the refractive index of air, The refractive index of each portion of the refractive element is the same, or the difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index is less than a predetermined threshold value; The display device described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the refractive element has a light entrance surface and a light exit surface, and the distances from different positions on the light exit surface of the refractive element to corresponding positions on the light entrance surface of the refractive element are adapted to the imaging distance of the corresponding positions of the virtual image.

7. the thickness and / or refractive index of the refractive element varies gradually along a direction from one side of the refractive element to the other side; and / or 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness and / or refractive index of the refractive member gradually changes along a direction from a middle region of the refractive member to an edge of the refractive member.

8. a line connecting each point on the light output surface of the refractive element where the thickness of the refractive element is the same constitutes a contour line of the refractive element, and the contour line includes at least one of a straight line, a curved line, and a broken line; The display device according to claim 5 , wherein the horizontal distance H of the contour lines is constant or gradually changes.

9. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein corresponding positions in the virtual image of image rays emitted from the same contour line of the refractive member are on the same circumference of a polar coordinate system, the polar coordinate system having a set reference point as its origin.

10. The contour lines of at least some of the refractive members are straight and are equally spaced or variably spaced along the first direction or the second direction; or The contour lines of at least some of the refractive members are closed curves and are equally spaced or variably spaced along the first direction or the second direction; or The contour lines of at least some of the refractive elements are non-closed curves and are equally spaced or variably spaced along the first direction or the second direction, or The display device according to claim 8 , wherein at least some of the contour lines of the refractive member are polygonal lines, and are distributed at equal intervals or at variable intervals along the first direction or the second direction.

11. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the contour lines are at least one of U-shaped, rounded polygonal, and L-shaped.

12. the refractive member is a tilt angle adjusting type refractive member and / or an image surface shape adjusting type refractive member, the processing unit further includes a reflective imaging unit, wherein the magnified light beam obtained after processing the refracted light beam through the magnifying assembly is reflected by the reflective imaging unit to an eyebox region and then forms the virtual image; and assuming that the refracting member is not present, the magnified light beam is reflected by the reflective imaging unit and then forms a reference image; a first included angle between the reference image and the horizontal direction, a second included angle between the virtual image and the horizontal direction, the second included angle being different from the first included angle; and / or 5. The display device of claim 3 or 4, wherein the reference image has a first image surface shape, the refractive element is configured to make the virtual image have a second image surface shape, the second image surface shape is different from the first image surface shape, the first image surface shape is flat and the second image surface shape is flat or curved, or the first image surface shape is curved and the second image surface shape is flat or curved.

13. At least a part of the light exit surface of the tilt angle adjustable refractive element is flat, and / or The display device according to claim 12 , wherein the light exit surface of the image surface shape adjusting refractive member is a flat surface or a curved surface.

14. The display device is configured to allow a user to view at least one naked-eye 3D virtual image by the expanded light beam for imaging; or the display device is configured to allow a user to view multiple virtual images at the same time or at different times through an eyebox region of the display device; At least one of the plurality of virtual images is an image of the magnified light beam formed after processing the refracted light beam with the magnifying assembly; and / or The display device according to any one of claims 3 to 13, wherein the display device is configured so that a user views at least one naked-eye 3D virtual image through at least one virtual image of the plurality of virtual images.

15. the display device is configured to allow a user to view multiple virtual images at the same time or at different times through an eyebox region of the display device; A display device as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the distances from at least two of the plurality of virtual images to the eyebox area are different, at least one of the virtual images is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the included angle between at least another virtual image and the horizontal direction is greater than or less than 90°, and the horizontal direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane on which the eyebox area is located or a direction parallel to the ground on which a traffic device using the display device travels in real time.

16. the refractive member covers at least a portion of the light exit surface of the image source assembly, at least a portion of the refractive member is in intimate contact with the light exit surface of the image source assembly, or 16. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a light-transmitting protective element disposed between at least a portion of the refractive member and the light-emitting surface of the image source assembly.

17. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein when at least a portion of the refractive element is in close contact with the light exit surface of the image source assembly, the distance between the light entrance surface of the refractive element and the light exit surface of the image source assembly is 50 mm or less, or 10 mm or more.

18. When a light-transmitting protective element is installed between at least a portion of the refractive element and the light-emitting surface of the image source assembly, the refractive element is fixedly installed on the light-emitting surface of the light-transmitting protective element, the image source assembly includes a display panel, and the display panel is in close contact with the light-incident surface of the light-transmitting protective element; The display device according to claim 16, wherein a bottom surface of the display panel close to the light transmission protection element is suspended, or a stress buffer structure is provided on the bottom surface of the display panel close to the light transmission protection element.

19. the refractive member covers a portion of the image source assembly; the refractive member has a thickness that gradually decreases or increases in a direction from a portion of the image source assembly covered by the refractive member to a portion of the image source assembly not covered by the refractive member; or 19. A display device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the refractive index of the refractive element gradually increases or decreases in a direction from a portion of the image source assembly covered by the refractive element to a portion of the image source assembly not covered by the refractive element.

20. 20. The display device of any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising a translation assembly configured to adjust the relative positions and / or tilt angles of the refractive member and the image source assembly.

21. the image source assembly includes an image source display, and at least a portion of the image light emitted from the image source display is incident on the refractive member; or 21. A display device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the image source assembly includes at least two image source displays, and at least some of the image light rays emitted from the at least two image source displays are incident on the refractive member.

22. The display device of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the image source assembly of the display device includes a light source section having a plurality of light sources and a light-transmitting collimating section, wherein light emitted from the plurality of light sources passes through the light-transmitting collimating section, and wherein each light source among at least some of the plurality of light sources does not have a reflective structure for reflecting the light emitted from the light source.

23. The image source assembly of the display device comprises a light source section having a plurality of light sources and a light-transmitting collimating section, light emitted from the plurality of light sources passes through the light-transmitting collimating section, and a display device described in any one of claims 1 to 22 includes at least a continuous gas medium layer between a light source layer in which the plurality of light sources are located and a collimating layer in which the light-transmitting collimating section is located.

24. The light emitted from the light source is directly incident on the light-transmitting collimating portion, or The display device described in claim 22 or 23, wherein the image source assembly includes a direction control assembly, the direction control assembly includes the light-transmitting collimating portion and a plurality of transparent focusing portions, light emitted from a light source corresponding to the transparent focusing portion passes through the transparent focusing portion and then passes through the light-transmitting collimating portion, the plurality of transparent focusing portions are located in a focusing layer, and one side of the focusing layer facing the light-transmitting collimating portion is a continuous gas medium layer.

25. The light emitted from the light collecting portion is directly incident on the light transmitting collimating portion, and / or the transparent light-collecting part has a groove for receiving a corresponding light source module; and / or The transparent light-collecting part is in close contact with the corresponding light source module; and / or The light-emitting surface of the transparent light-collecting part is a convex surface that protrudes away from the corresponding light source module; and / or The display device according to claim 24 , wherein the light-collecting portion is a plano-convex lens.

26. The light output surface of the transparent light-collecting part is a protruding paraboloid, and the light source module is fitted inside the transparent light-collecting part and is located at the focus of the paraboloid; or The light exit surface of the transparent light-collecting part is a protruding arc surface, and the light source module is fitted inside the transparent light-collecting part and positioned at the focus of the arc surface; or the light output surface of the transparent light-collecting part includes a first light output curved surface and a second light output side surface, the first light output curved surface is a protruding paraboloid, and the light source module is fitted inside the transparent light-collecting part and is located at a focus of the paraboloid; or 26. The display device of claim 25, wherein the light-emitting surface of the transparent light-collecting part includes a first light-emitting curved surface and a second light-emitting side surface, the first light-emitting curved surface is a protruding arc surface, and the light source module is embedded inside the transparent light-collecting part and positioned at a focus of the arc surface.

27. the display device includes an image source, the image source including the image source assembly and a light compensation assembly, the image source assembly including a light modulation layer; the light compensation assembly is configured to emit a source light beam, the source light beam is incident on the light modulation layer, and the light modulation layer is configured to convert the incident source light beam into the image light beam; the light compensation assembly is configured to direct the light source light beam at at least one deflection angle to the light input surface of the light modulation layer; 27. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the deflection angle is an included angle between the light source ray and a normal to the light-entering surface of the light modulation layer.

28. The image source is configured to perform optical compensation for the display device, and the refractive element is configured to refract the image light beam and then emit the refracted light beam; 28. The display device of claim 27, wherein a first deflection of the source light beam emitted from the light compensation assembly at least partially offsets a second deflection of the image light beam by the refractive member.

29. The display device of claim 28, further comprising a reflective imaging section configured to reflect the refracted light rays incident on the reflective imaging section to an eyebox region of the display device and to make the incident conditions of the refracted light rays relative to the eyebox region better than the incident conditions of the refracted light rays relative to the eyebox region that would occur if the light source light rays were assumed to be incident perpendicularly to the light-incident surface of the light modulation layer.

30. The display device of any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the light compensation assembly is configured to have a first angle with respect to the light modulation layer, thereby causing light source light emitted from the light compensation assembly to be incident at different positions on the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer at at least one of the deflection angles.

31. the light compensation assembly includes a light source assembly and a light compensation member, the light source emitting an initial light beam, the light compensation member performing a light compensation process on the incident initial light beam to obtain the light source light beam, and directing the light source light beam to be incident at different positions on the light entrance surface of the light modulation layer at at least one deflection angle, so that the light source light beam has the first deflection; the light source assembly includes a light source and a direction control member, the direction control member being configured to adjust an initial light beam emitted from the light source, the adjustment including at least one of converging, diffusing, and collimating; The light compensation member is disposed between the light source and the direction control member, or 31. The display device according to claim 28, wherein the light compensation member is disposed between the direction control member and the light modulation layer.

32. The light source is configured to have a first tilt angle with the light output surface of the light modulation layer, so that the light source light beam has the first polarization; or 32. The display device of claim 31, wherein the direction control member includes a reflective wall configured to reflect the initial light beam emitted from the light source, and an extension direction of the reflective wall and an output surface of the light modulation layer have a second inclination angle, thereby generating the first deflection in the initial light beam to form the light source light beam having the first deflection.

33. the light compensation assembly includes at least one of a deflecting layer, a decentered Fresnel lens, and a reflective element; 31. The display device of claim 27, wherein the light compensation assembly includes a light source, and at least one of the deflection layer, decentered Fresnel lens, and reflective element is configured to generate a first polarization in an initial light beam emitted from the light source to form the light source light beam having the first polarization.

34. the deflection layer includes a plurality of tooth-shaped refractive structures, and the initial light beam passes through the tooth-shaped refractive structures to generate the first polarization, thereby forming the source light beam having the first polarization; 34. The display device of claim 33, wherein the refractive element has a first incident surface and a first exit surface, the tooth-shaped refractive structure includes a second incident surface and a second exit surface, a non-zero included angle is formed between the second incident surface and the second exit surface, and the angle value of the non-zero included angle matches the angle value of the included angle between the first exit surface and the first incident surface at a corresponding position on the refractive element.

35. 35. The display device according to claim 33, wherein light source rays emitted from different positions on at least a part of the light exit surface of the deflection layer have different deflection angles.

36. the reflective element includes a first sub-reflective element and a second sub-reflective element; The first sub-reflective element is configured to reflect an initial light beam emitted from the light source incident thereon; A display device described in any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein the second sub-reflection element is configured to receive light rays reflected from the first sub-reflection element and reflect light rays from the first sub-reflection element, thereby generating the first polarization in the light source light rays and forming the light source light rays having the first polarization.

37. The first sub-reflection element is disposed obliquely with respect to the light source, thereby reflecting at least a portion of the light source light toward the initial stage; The display device described in claim 36, wherein the second sub-reflection element is arranged obliquely relative to the first sub-reflection element and is configured to reflect the light source light reflected from the first sub-reflection element to the light modulation layer, thereby generating the polarization in the reflected light source light.

38. 38. A display device as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 37, wherein the shapes of the light compensation assembly and the refractive member are complementary, whereby the first deflection of the source light beam cancels at least a portion of the second deflection of the image light beam by the refractive member.

39. A head-up display device comprising the display device according to any one of claims 1 to 38.

40. 40. A vehicle including the head-up display device of claim 39.

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