Stagnant redox battery and energy storage system including the same

Abstract

The stationary redox battery includes a membrane having ion permeability, a positive electrolyte storage cell module located on one side of the membrane, a negative electrolyte storage cell module located on the other side of the membrane, and a pair of bipolar plates located on the outermost sides of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module. Each of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module includes a plurality of felt electrodes for storing electrolyte and a plurality of through-type electrode support plates located between the plurality of felt electrodes.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0107145 dated August 25, 2022, and all contents disclosed in the documents of this Korean patent application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a stagnation type redox battery, and more particularly to a stagnation type redox battery that can eliminate the need for a device for electrolyte circulation, and an energy storage system including the same. [Background technology]

[0003] An energy storage system (ESS) is a system that increases energy efficiency by storing generated electricity in the power grid and then supplying it when needed. Currently, the most widely used ESS technology is lithium-ion batteries, which have high storage capacity but are prone to fires. To overcome this issue, there is growing interest in redox flow batteries, which use aqueous electrolytes.

[0004] Redox flow batteries are flow batteries that charge and discharge using oxidation and reduction reactions in electrolytes. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, they are safer with lower risk of human toxicity, flammability, and chemical reactivity. They also have a long lifespan of over 20 years, flexible capacity design, and easy integration with renewable energy power generation.

[0005] However, since redox flow batteries rely mainly on the electrolyte stored in an external tank for oxidation-reduction reactions, they must continuously supply the electrolyte to the electrodes, which necessitates additional equipment such as a storage tank, piping, valves, and pumps.As a result, existing redox flow batteries have drawbacks, such as high installation costs, large installation space, and difficulty in maintenance and repair due to their complex device configuration. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention provides a stationary redox battery and an energy storage system including the same, which can reduce installation costs, reduce installation space, and facilitate maintenance and repair by eliminating a device configuration for electrolyte circulation while maintaining the advantages of conventional redox flow batteries, such as fire safety, long life characteristics, and flexibility in capacity design. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A stationary redox battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a membrane having ion permeability, a positive electrolyte storage cell module located on one side of the membrane, a negative electrolyte storage cell module located on the other side of the membrane, and a pair of bipolar plates located on the outermost sides of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module. Each of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module includes a plurality of felt electrodes for storing electrolyte and a plurality of through-type electrode support plates located between the plurality of felt electrodes.

[0008] At least two of the plurality of felt electrodes may be combined together, and one through-type electrode support plate may be disposed between each pair of the at least two combined felt electrodes. A plurality of through-holes may be disposed in each of the plurality of through-type electrode support plates, and the through-holes may be aligned in one direction or alternately arranged in another direction.

[0009] Each of the plurality of through-type electrode support plates may be made of a composite of graphite and a polymer material and may be flexible. The plurality of felt electrodes may be provided in the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module in a number of 10 or more, and the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module may be configured symmetrically with respect to the membrane.

[0010] A stationary redox battery according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a membrane having ion permeability, a positive electrolyte storage cell module located on one side of the membrane, a negative electrolyte storage cell module located on the other side of the membrane, and a pair of bipolar plates located on the outermost sides of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module. Each of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module includes a plurality of felt electrodes for storing electrolyte, a plurality of penetrating electrode support plates located between the plurality of felt electrodes, and a plurality of outer frames and a plurality of inner frames for fixing the plurality of felt electrodes and the plurality of penetrating electrode support plates. The plurality of outer frames are connected to each other by an interlocking crimping method to confine the electrolyte therein.

[0011] In each of the positive and negative electrolyte storage cell modules, the plurality of through-type electrode support plates and the bipolar plates can be electrically connected by the electrical connection parts.

[0012] In the positive electrolyte storage cell module, the plurality of felt electrodes are connected to a positive electrolyte supply line to receive a supply of positive electrolyte, and the positive electrolyte can be confined and stored in the internal pores. In the negative electrolyte storage cell module, the plurality of felt electrodes are connected to a negative electrolyte supply line to receive a supply of negative electrolyte, and the negative electrolyte can be confined and stored in the internal pores.

[0013] Each of the plurality of through-type electrode support plates may have a plurality of through holes, the plurality of felt electrodes may be combined in groups of at least two, and one through-type electrode support plate may be disposed between each of the at least two combined felt electrodes. The pair of bipolar plates and the plurality of through-type electrode support plates may be made of a composite of graphite and a polymer material and may be flexible.

[0014] Each of the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module may be repeatedly stacked several times in the order of an outer frame, a felt electrode, an inner frame, a felt electrode, and a through-type electrode support plate, and two felt electrodes positioned on either side of the inner frame may be combined with each other.

[0015] Each of the plurality of outer frames may include a concave structure surface and a convex structure surface opposite the concave structure surface, and may further include a conductive connector provided on an inner edge surrounding the central opening. The conductive connector may contact either one of the through-type electrode support plate and the bipolar plate, and the plurality of conductive connectors in each of the positive and negative electrolyte storage cell modules may be in close contact with each other to electrically connect the plurality of through-type electrode support plates and the bipolar plate.

[0016] The plurality of external frames may include a first external frame belonging to the positive electrolyte storage cell module and having a first conductive connection, a second external frame belonging to the negative electrolyte storage cell module and having a second conductive connection, and a third external frame contacting the bipolar plate and having a third conductive connection.

[0017] The first external frame may include a lower manifold inlet for a positive electrolyte, an upper manifold inlet for a positive electrolyte, a guide channel for a positive electrolyte, a lower manifold inlet blocker for a negative electrolyte, and an upper manifold inlet blocker for a negative electrolyte. The second external frame may include a lower manifold inlet for a negative electrolyte, an upper manifold inlet for a negative electrolyte, a guide channel for a negative electrolyte, a lower manifold inlet blocker for a positive electrolyte, and an upper manifold inlet blocker for a positive electrolyte.

[0018] The bipolar plate fixed to the third external frame may have one surface facing in the same direction as the concave structure surface, and a negative electrode electrolyte may be disposed on one surface of the bipolar plate. The bipolar plate fixed to the third external frame may have another surface facing in the same direction as the convex structure surface, and a positive electrode electrolyte may be disposed on the other surface of the bipolar plate.

[0019] An energy storage system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the above-described stagnation redox battery, a battery management device that monitors and manages the state of the stagnation redox battery, a power conditioning device that receives power from a power generation source, stores electrical energy in the stagnation redox battery, and converts electrical characteristics so that the electrical energy stored in the stagnation redox battery can be released to a grid, and an energy management device that electrically controls the stagnation redox battery and the power conditioning device. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] The stationary redox battery according to the present invention does not use a device configuration required for electrolyte circulation, thereby reducing installation costs, reducing installation space, and facilitating maintenance and repair. Furthermore, the stationary redox battery does not have a limit on the number of felt electrodes, allowing for a significant increase in energy capacity, making it easy to achieve a variety of outputs and energy capacities. Energy storage systems equipped with stationary redox batteries can be linked to new renewable energy sources to contribute to a stable power supply, and are widely applicable to buildings, ships, electric vehicle charging stations, and other applications. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a stagnation type redox battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 2 is a partially exploded plan view showing a part of the stagnation-type redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 3] 2 is a plan view of a through-type electrode support plate in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 4] 2 is a structural diagram showing a first surface of an external frame belonging to a positive electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 5] 2 is a structural diagram showing the second surface of the external frame belonging to the positive electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 6] 2 is a structural diagram showing a first surface of an external frame belonging to a negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 7] 2 is a structural diagram showing the second surface of the external frame belonging to the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 8] 2 is a structural diagram showing a first surface of an external frame in contact with a bipolar plate in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 9] 2 is a structural diagram showing the second surface of the external frame in contact with the bipolar plate in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 10] 1 is a block diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a stagnation type redox battery according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially exploded plan view showing a part of the stagnation type redox battery shown in FIG.

[0024] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a stationary redox battery 100 according to an embodiment differs from existing redox flow batteries in that the electrolyte does not circulate between the cell stack and an external tank during operation, but rather constrains and stores electrolyte supplied in advance before operation inside the battery, and performs charging and discharging by causing a battery reaction using the stored electrolyte.

[0025] The stationary redox battery 100 includes a membrane 10, a positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A located on one side of the membrane 10, a negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B located on the other side of the membrane 10, and a bipolar plate 30 located on the outermost side of the positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B. The positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B may be configured symmetrically with respect to the membrane 10.

[0026] The membrane 10, the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20A, the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20B, and a pair of bipolar plates 30 constitute one battery cell, and the stagnation type redox battery 100 is configured by arranging multiple battery cells in series as shown in Figure 1.

[0027] The membrane 10 may be a hydrogen ion permeable membrane, and the thickness of the membrane 10 may be approximately 25 μm to 200 μm. The bipolar plate 30 functions as a current collector for collecting current in the battery cell, and the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20B, which are arranged in series, share one bipolar plate 30.

[0028] A pair of current collectors 35 and a pair of end plates 36 are located on the outermost periphery of a plurality of battery cells arranged in series, and the plurality of battery cells, the pair of current collectors 35, and the pair of end plates 36 are compressed by external pressure to form a cell stack. The current collectors 35 are extraction electrodes that collect current collected in the bipolar plates 30 of each battery cell and connect it to an external circuit. The end plates 36 are electrically insulated from the current collectors 35 and function as support plates that mechanically fasten and fix the cell stack.

[0029] The positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20B have the same mechanical configuration except that the electrolytes confined therein are the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte, respectively.

[0030] Specifically, each of the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20B may include a plurality of felt electrodes 21 that confine the electrolyte, a plurality of penetrating electrode support plates 22 positioned between the plurality of felt electrodes 21, and a plurality of external frames 23 and a plurality of internal frames 24 that form a sealed structure to prevent electrolyte leakage and fix the plurality of felt electrodes 21 and the plurality of penetrating electrode support plates 22.

[0031] The felt electrode 21 is made of a conductive porous material such as carbon felt, and stores an electrolyte in its internal pores. The initial thickness of the felt electrode 21 may be approximately 4.5 mm to 5.5 mm, and the thickness after assembly into the cell stack by compression can be reduced by approximately 20% to 25% compared to the initial thickness.

[0032] Increasing the number of felt electrodes 21 in each of the positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B can increase the volume capacity of the electrolyte and the energy capacity of the stagnation-type redox battery 100. Although Fig. 1 shows an example in which each of the positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B includes 10 felt electrodes 21, the number of felt electrodes 21 is not limited to the example shown.

[0033] The plurality of felt electrodes 21 may be combined in groups of at least two to reduce electrical contact resistance between the felt electrodes 21, and one through-type electrode support plate 22 may be disposed between each pair of at least two combined felt electrodes 21. Figures 1 and 2 show an example of two combined felt electrodes 21. The through-type electrode support plate 22 is made of a conductive plate material with a plurality of through holes and is pressed together with the plurality of felt electrodes 21 to reduce electrical contact resistance between adjacent felt electrodes 21.

[0034] The through-type electrode support plate 22 functions as a support for adjacent felt electrodes 21 so that each felt electrode 21 can have a uniform thickness and receive a uniform clamping pressure when compressed. In this case, the through-type electrode support plate 22 may be flexible and may have the same material and thickness as the bipolar plate 30. In addition, the through-type electrode support plate 22 may facilitate diffusion of electrolyte and protons through the plurality of through holes.

[0035] For example, the bipolar plate 30 and the through-type electrode support plate 22 can be made of a composite of graphite and a polymer material, which has excellent electrical conductivity and chemical resistance, as well as mechanical strength and flexibility. The bipolar plate 30 and the through-type electrode support plate 22 can each have a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm to 1 mm.

[0036] FIG. 3 is a plan view of a through-type electrode support plate in the stagnant redox battery shown in FIG.

[0037] 3, the through holes 221 provided in the through-type electrode support plate 22 may be circular, and the aperture ratio of the through-type electrode support plate 22 may be approximately 5% to 95%. The diameter of the through holes 221 and the intervals between the through holes 221 may be appropriately adjusted according to the aperture ratio.

[0038] The plurality of through holes 221 may be aligned in the vertical direction, and the through holes 221 in any one row may be alternately arranged with the through holes 221 in the adjacent row. Alternatively, the plurality of through holes 221 may be aligned in the horizontal direction, and the through holes 221 in any one row may be alternately arranged with the through holes 221 in the adjacent row. Figure 3 shows the first case as an example.

[0039] 1 and 2, a plurality of outer frames 23 and a plurality of inner frames 24 surround and secure the plurality of felt electrodes 21 and the plurality of through-type electrode support plates 22, forming a sealed structure to prevent electrolyte leakage. The outer frames 23 are provided with a concave-convex structure, which fits into adjacent outer frames 23 in a protrusion-and-groove manner to seal the electrolyte space. That is, the plurality of outer frames 23 are joined together in an interlocking crimping manner to form a cell stack.

[0040] The negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20B may be configured, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, such that four sets of an outer frame 23, a felt electrode 21, an inner frame 24, a felt electrode 21, and a through-type electrode support plate 22 form one set, and the four sets are stacked in succession, or may be configured such that the outer frame 23, the felt electrode 21, the inner frame 24, the felt electrode 21, and the bipolar plate 30 are stacked again.

[0041] The positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20A may be configured such that four sets of bipolar plates 30 are stacked in succession, each set consisting of an outer frame 23, a felt electrode 21, an inner frame 24, a felt electrode 21, and a through-type electrode support plate 22, or may be configured such that another outer frame 23, a felt electrode 21, an inner frame 24, and a felt electrode 21 are stacked. The stacking order is not limited to the above example, and the number of stacking times can be repeated several tens of times without any restrictions.

[0042] Two felt electrodes 21 positioned on either side of the inner frame 24 may be combined with each other. The plurality of felt electrodes 21 and the plurality of through-type electrode support plates 22 are joined to each other within the cell stack by mutually pressing the plurality of outer frames 23 and the plurality of inner frames 24. The positive and negative electrode electrolytes are positioned completely separated within the cell stack and do not mix with each other within the cell stack.

[0043] The outer frame 23 is formed larger than the felt electrode 21, the through-type electrode support plate 22, the bipolar plate 30, and the membrane 10, and the central opening 231 of the outer frame 23 may be formed smaller than the felt electrode 21, the through-type electrode support plate 22, the bipolar plate 30, and the membrane 10. The inner frame 24 is formed larger than the central opening 231 of the outer frame 23 and is positioned overlapping the outer frame 23. The outer frame 23 and the inner frame 24 may include polypropylene or a similar polymer material and may be manufactured by injection molding.

[0044] 1, the plurality of through-type electrode support plates 22 and the bipolar plates 30 are electrically connected to each other by the conductive parts EC. The function of the conductive parts EC can be realized by the first to third conductive connectors described below.

[0045] In the positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A shown in Fig. 1, the plurality of felt electrodes 21 are connected to a positive electrolyte supply line L10 to receive a supply of positive electrolyte therethrough and store the supplied positive electrolyte. In the negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B shown in Fig. 1, the plurality of felt electrodes 21 are connected to a negative electrolyte supply line L20 to receive a supply of negative electrolyte therethrough and store the supplied negative electrolyte. The configurations of the positive electrolyte supply line L10 and the negative electrolyte supply line L20 and the supply paths for the positive and negative electrolytes will be described later.

[0046] Figure 4 is a structural diagram showing a first side of an external frame belonging to a positive electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnation-type redox battery shown in Figure 1, and Figure 5 is a structural diagram showing a second side of an external frame belonging to a positive electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnation-type redox battery shown in Figure 1. For convenience, the external frame 23 belonging to the positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A will be referred to as a 'first external frame 23A'.

[0047] The first surface of the first outer frame 23A may be referred to as a concave surface or front surface, and the second surface may be referred to as a convex surface or back surface. The concave surface is a surface that is basically concave but has guide channels for electrolyte movement and protrusions for interlocking formed in a partially convex shape, and the convex surface is the surface opposite the concave surface.

[0048] 4 and 5, two electrolyte inlets 41, 42 and two electrolyte inlet / outlet parts 51, 52 may be disposed at four corners of the first outer frame 23A. The two electrolyte inlets 41, 42 are hole-shaped and may include a lower manifold inlet for a positive electrolyte 41 and an upper manifold inlet for a positive electrolyte 42. The two electrolyte inlet / outlet parts 51, 52 are closed and may include a lower manifold inlet for a negative electrolyte 51 and a lower manifold inlet for a negative electrolyte 52.

[0049] The two electrolyte inlets 41 and 42 can be connected to two guide channels 43 for the positive electrolyte formed on the first surface and two gates 44 for the positive electrolyte. The two gates 44 for the positive electrolyte are hole-shaped.

[0050] Before operation of the stagnation type redox battery 100, the positive electrode electrolyte can flow into and be stored in the felt electrodes 21 on the second surface through the lower manifold inlet for positive electrode electrolyte 41, the lower guide channel for positive electrode electrolyte 43, and the lower gate for positive electrode electrolyte 44. The positive electrode electrolyte rises upward and passes through the upper gate for positive electrode electrolyte 44, where it can again move along the upper guide channel for positive electrode electrolyte 43 on the first surface and the upper manifold inlet for positive electrode electrolyte 42. During operation of the stagnation type redox battery 100, the positive electrode electrolyte remains stored in the plurality of felt electrodes 21 and does not move.

[0051] In this case, a strip-shaped first conductive connector 25A may be provided on the inner edge of the first outer frame 23A surrounding the central opening. The first conductive connector 25A may be made of a conductive metal such as copper or aluminum, and contacts the penetrating electrode support plate 22. In the crimped positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20A, the multiple first conductive connectors 25A are in close contact with each other, ensuring electrical connection between the multiple penetrating electrode support plates 22.

[0052] Figure 6 is a structural diagram showing a first side of an external frame belonging to the negative electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnation-type redox battery shown in Figure 1, and Figure 7 is a structural diagram showing a second side of an external frame belonging to the negative electrolyte storage cell module in the stagnation-type redox battery shown in Figure 1. For convenience, the external frame 23 belonging to the negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B is referred to as the 'second external frame 23B'. The first and second sides are the same as those defined for the first external frame 23A, so redundant explanations will be omitted.

[0053] 6 and 7, two electrolyte inlets 61, 62 and two electrolyte inlet blockers 71, 72 may be disposed at four corners of the second outer frame 23B. The two electrolyte inlets 61, 62 are hole-shaped and may include a lower manifold inlet 61 for a negative electrode electrolyte and an upper manifold inlet 62 for a negative electrode electrolyte. The two electrolyte inlet blockers 71, 72 are closed and may include a lower manifold inlet blocker 71 for a positive electrode electrolyte and an upper manifold inlet blocker 72 for a positive electrode electrolyte.

[0054] The two electrolyte inlets 61, 62 can be connected to two negative electrode electrolyte guide channels 63 formed on the first surface. Before the stagnation type redox battery 100 is operated, the negative electrode electrolyte can flow into and be stored in the felt electrodes 21 on the first surface through the lower negative electrode electrolyte manifold inlet 61 and the lower negative electrode electrolyte guide channel 63. The negative electrode electrolyte rises and moves along the upper negative electrode electrolyte guide channel 63 and the upper negative electrode electrolyte manifold inlet 62. During operation of the stagnation type redox battery 100, the negative electrode electrolyte remains stored in the multiple felt electrodes 21 and does not move.

[0055] In this case, a strip-shaped second conductive connector 25B may be provided on the inner edge of the second outer frame 23B surrounding the central opening. The second conductive connector 25B may be made of a conductive metal such as copper or aluminum and contacts the through-type electrode support plate 22. In the crimped negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20B, the multiple second conductive connectors 25B are in close contact with each other to ensure electrical connection between the multiple through-type electrode support plates 22.

[0056] Figure 8 is a structural diagram showing a first surface of the external frame in contact with the bipolar plates in the stagnant redox battery shown in Figure 1, and Figure 9 is a structural diagram showing a second surface of the external frame in contact with the bipolar plates in the stagnant redox battery shown in Figure 1. Here, the bipolar plates refer to the remaining bipolar plates excluding the bipolar plates located at the outermost part of the entire cell stack, i.e., the bipolar plate 30 located between the positive electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrolyte storage cell module 20B.

[0057] For convenience, the outer frame 23 in contact with the remaining bipolar plates 30, excluding the outermost bipolar plate of the cell stack, is referred to as the 'third outer frame 23C.' The first and second surfaces are the same as those described for the first outer frame 23A, so a repeated description will be omitted.

[0058] 8 and 9, four electrolyte inlets 81, 82, 83, and 84 may be disposed at four corners of the third outer frame 23C. The four electrolyte inlets 81, 82, 83, and 84 may have a hole shape and may include a lower manifold inlet 81 for a positive electrolyte, an upper manifold inlet 82 for a positive electrolyte, a lower manifold inlet 83 for a negative electrolyte, and an upper manifold inlet 84 for a negative electrolyte.

[0059] The two positive electrolyte inlets 81 and 82 can be connected to two positive electrolyte guide channels 85 and two positive electrolyte gates 86 formed on the first surface. The two positive electrolyte gates 86 are hole-shaped. The two negative electrolyte inlets 83 and 84 can be connected to two negative electrolyte guide channels 87 formed on the first surface.

[0060] Before operation of the stagnation-type redox battery 100, the positive electrode electrolyte can flow into the rear surface (the surface parallel to the second surface) of the bipolar plate 30 through the lower positive electrode electrolyte manifold inlet 81, the lower positive electrode electrolyte guide channel 85, and the lower positive electrode electrolyte gate 86. The positive electrode electrolyte rises upward and travels again along the upper positive electrode electrolyte guide channel 85 and the upper positive electrode electrolyte manifold inlet 82 on the first surface through the upper two-sided electrolyte gate 86.

[0061] The negative electrode electrolyte can flow into one side of the bipolar plate 30 (the side facing the same direction as the first side) through the negative electrode electrolyte lower manifold inlet 83 and the negative electrode electrolyte guide channel 87 on the first side. The negative electrode electrolyte rises and moves along the negative electrode electrolyte guide channel 87 on the first side and the negative electrode electrolyte upper manifold inlet 84. When the stagnation type redox battery 100 is in operation, the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte remain stored in their respective felt electrodes 21 and do not move.

[0062] In this case, a strip-shaped third conductive connector 25C may be provided on the inner edge of the third outer frame 23C surrounding the central opening. The third conductive connector 25C may be made of a conductive metal such as copper or aluminum, and contacts the bipolar plate 30. In the crimped cell stack, the third conductive connector 25C closely contacts the adjacent first conductive connector 25A and the adjacent second conductive connector 25B, ensuring electrical connection between the bipolar plate 30 and the through-type electrode support plates 22.

[0063] Meanwhile, the bipolar plate 30 mounted on the third outer frame 23C has one side facing in the same direction as the first side (concave structure side) of the third outer frame 23C and the other side facing in the same direction as the second side (convex structure side) of the third outer frame 23C. The electrolyte in contact with one side of the bipolar plate 30 is a negative electrode electrolyte (see FIG. 8), and the electrolyte in contact with the other side of the bipolar plate 30 is a positive electrode electrolyte (see FIG. 9).

[0064] The reason why the negative electrode electrolyte must contact one side of the bipolar plate 30 is that, as the polarity of the electrolyte becomes negative during the charging reaction of the cell stack, the side of the bipolar plate 30 in contact with the negative electrode electrolyte also functions as a negative electrode. If the positive electrode electrolyte were to contact one side of the bipolar plate 30, a reaction that decomposes the bipolar plate 30 due to a positive electrode reaction could occur in a part of the bipolar plate 30, causing a failure of the cell stack. Therefore, the polarity classification of the stagnation-type redox battery 100 is an important measure to prevent failure of the cell stack.

[0065] 1, the stagnation type redox battery 100 can use a vanadium electrolyte, in which case the rated voltage of the battery cell can be 1.2 V, the same as that of existing redox flow batteries. At this time, the electrolyte capacity confined within the stagnation type redox battery 100 increases in proportion to the number of stacked positive electrode electrolyte storage cell modules 20A and negative electrode electrolyte storage cell modules 20B, so energy capacity can be significantly increased, unlike existing redox flow batteries.

[0066] In addition, while existing redox flow batteries can have one felt electrode on each side of the membrane, the stationary redox battery 100 can have multiple felt electrodes 21 arranged without restriction in each of the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20A and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module 20B. Therefore, the volume of the electrolyte can be easily increased in proportion to the number of felt electrodes 21, and a stationary redox battery 100 that does not use a pump can be realized.

[0067] The positive electrolyte storage cell modules 20A and the negative electrolyte storage cell modules 20B may be provided in numbers of 10, 20, or more. For example, the stagnation type redox battery 100 may include 10 positive electrolyte storage cell modules 20A and 10 negative electrolyte storage cell modules 20B, achieving a rated voltage of 12V. By increasing the number of positive electrolyte storage cell modules 20A and negative electrolyte storage cell modules 20B, the stagnation type redox battery 100 can easily achieve higher outputs such as 24V, 48V, 96V, and 192V in addition to 12V.

[0068] In addition, the stagnation type redox battery 100 achieves a rated voltage of 12 V while having an active area of ​​2500 cm 2 and a current density of 100 mA / cm 2By applying the above, a rated output of 3.0 kW and an energy capacity of 6.0 kWh can be realized. The stationary redox battery 100 has no limitations on the number of positive electrode electrolyte storage cell modules 20A and negative electrode electrolyte storage cell modules 20B, or on the active area and size of the felt electrodes 21, so it is possible to easily realize a variety of outputs and energy capacities.

[0069] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an energy storage system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 10, the above-described stagnation type redox battery 100 can be combined with a battery management system 200, a power conditioning system 300, and an energy management system 400 to form an energy storage system.

[0071] The battery management device 200 monitors the state of the stagnation redox battery 100, such as predicting its capacity and lifespan, and manages it so that it can be used under optimal conditions. The power conditioning device 300 receives power from a power generation source and stores it in the stagnation redox battery 100, or converts electrical characteristics (frequency, voltage, AC / DC, etc.) to release the power stored in the stagnation redox battery 100 to the grid. The energy management device 400 controls the stagnation redox battery 100 and the power conditioning device 300 so that the energy storage system can be operated efficiently and economically.

[0072] Energy storage systems can be used as emergency power sources, for peak reduction, and for frequency regulation, and can contribute to a stable power supply when linked with renewable power generation equipment such as wind and solar power.

[0073] Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, the detailed description of the invention, and the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that these modifications also fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a membrane having ion permeability; a positive electrolyte storage cell module located on one side of the membrane; a negative electrolyte storage cell module located on the other side of the membrane; and a pair of bipolar plates located on the outermost sides of the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module; The positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module each include a plurality of felt electrodes for storing electrolyte, and a plurality of through-type electrode support plates positioned between the plurality of felt electrodes.

2. 2. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of felt electrodes are joined together in groups of at least two, and one through-type electrode support plate is located between each pair of the at least two joined felt electrodes.

3. 3. The stagnation-type redox battery of claim 2, wherein a plurality of through-holes are positioned in each of the plurality of through-type electrode support plates, and the through-holes are aligned in a row along one direction and alternately positioned in another direction.

4. 4. The stagnation-type redox battery according to claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of through-type electrode support plates is made of a composite of graphite and a polymer material and has flexibility.

5. 4. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 3, wherein the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module each include 10 or more felt electrodes, and the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module are configured symmetrically with respect to the membrane.

6. a membrane having ion permeability; a positive electrolyte storage cell module located on one side of the membrane; a negative electrolyte storage cell module located on the other side of the membrane; and a pair of bipolar plates located on the outermost sides of the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module; each of the positive electrode electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrode electrolyte storage cell module includes a plurality of felt electrodes for storing electrolyte, a plurality of penetrating electrode support plates positioned between the plurality of felt electrodes, and a plurality of outer frames and a plurality of inner frames for fixing the plurality of felt electrodes and the plurality of penetrating electrode support plates; The plurality of outer frames are joined to each other by an interlocking crimping method to confine an electrolyte therein, in a stagnation type redox battery.

7. 7. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 6, wherein in each of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module, the plurality of through-type electrode support plates and the bipolar plates are electrically connected by an electrical connection.

8. 8. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 7, wherein in the positive electrolyte storage cell module, the plurality of felt electrodes are connected to a positive electrolyte supply line to receive the positive electrolyte, and the positive electrolyte is confined and stored in the internal pores.

9. 8. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 7, wherein in the negative electrolyte storage cell module, the plurality of felt electrodes are connected to a negative electrolyte supply line to receive a supply of negative electrolyte, and the negative electrolyte is confined and stored in internal pores.

10. 7. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of through holes are located in each of the plurality of through-type electrode support plates, at least two of the plurality of felt electrodes are combined together, and one through-type electrode support plate is located between each pair of at least two of the combined felt electrodes.

11. 11. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 10, wherein the pair of bipolar plates and the plurality of through-type electrode support plates are made of a composite of graphite and polymer material and are flexible.

12. 7. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 6, wherein each of the positive electrolyte storage cell module and the negative electrolyte storage cell module is formed by repeatedly stacking the outer frame, the felt electrode, the inner frame, the felt electrode, and the through-type electrode support plate in this order several times, and two felt electrodes positioned on either side of the inner frame are combined with each other.

13. 7. The stagnation type redox battery according to claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of outer frames includes a concave structure surface and a convex structure surface opposite to the concave structure surface, and further includes a conductive connection portion provided on an inner edge surrounding the central opening.

14. 14. The stagnation-type redox battery of claim 13, wherein the conductive connector contacts one of the through-type electrode support plate and the bipolar plate, and a plurality of conductive connectors in each of the positive and negative electrolyte storage cell modules are in close contact with each other to electrically connect the plurality of through-type electrode support plates and the bipolar plate.

15. 14. The stagnation-type redox battery of claim 13, wherein the plurality of external frames include a first external frame belonging to the positive electrolyte storage cell module and having a first conductive connection, a second external frame belonging to the negative electrolyte storage cell module and having a second conductive connection, and a third external frame contacting the bipolar plate and having a third conductive connection.

16. 16. The stagnation-type redox battery of claim 15, wherein the first outer frame includes a lower manifold inlet for a positive electrolyte, an upper manifold inlet for a positive electrolyte, a guide channel for a positive electrolyte, a lower manifold inlet blocker for a negative electrolyte, and an upper manifold inlet blocker for a negative electrolyte.

17. 16. The stagnation-type redox battery of claim 15, wherein the second external frame includes a lower manifold inlet for a negative electrolyte, an upper manifold inlet for a negative electrolyte, a guide channel for a negative electrolyte, a lower manifold inlet blocker for a positive electrolyte, and an upper manifold inlet blocker for a positive electrolyte.

18. 16. The stagnation type redox battery of claim 15, wherein the bipolar plate fixed to the third external frame includes a surface facing the same direction as the concave structure surface, and a negative electrode electrolyte is located on the surface of the bipolar plate.

19. 20. The stagnation type redox battery of claim 18, wherein the bipolar plate fixed to the third external frame includes another surface facing the same direction as the convex structure surface, and a positive electrode electrolyte is located on the other surface of the bipolar plate.

20. A stagnation type redox battery according to any one of claims 1 to 19; a battery management device that monitors and manages the state of the dead-type redox battery; a power conditioning device that receives an input of electric power from a power generation source, stores electric energy in the stagnation type redox battery, and converts the characteristics of electricity so that the electric energy stored in the stagnation type redox battery can be released to a grid; and an energy management device that electrically controls the stagnation type redox battery and the power adjustment device; an energy storage system,

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