E / E parts containing polycarbonate material with high tracking resistance

Abstract

The present invention relates to an E / E component comprising conductors L1 and L2 connected via a thermoplastic material M. The distance between conductors L1 and L2 depends on the working voltage of the E / E component. Thermoplastic materials including polycarbonate, selected rubber-modified graft polymers, and phosphorus-containing flame retardants exhibit high tracking resistance, allowing for small distances and therefore an overall compact design.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to E / E parts comprising flame-retardant polycarbonate compositions with high tracking resistance, and the use of specific combinations of rubber-modified graft polymers and flame retardants to improve the tracking resistance and flame retardancy of polycarbonate compositions. [Background technology]

[0002] Polycarbonate compositions and polycarbonate blends are used in numerous applications in the automotive, construction and electrical / electronic (E / E) sectors.

[0003] For applications in the electrical / electronics (E / E) sector, good insulating properties and high flame retardancy are crucial for safety. Such requirements are also becoming increasingly important, for example, in the field of electromobility. High tracking resistance is also important when thermoplastic materials (i.e., polymeric materials) are in direct contact with conductive parts such as conductor tracks. Otherwise, tracking currents can cause charges to travel farther through the plastic surface than they could travel directly through air at the same voltage. This is true even for materials with inherently high insulating properties, such as plastics. Therefore, to reduce the risk of short circuits and avoid fires, the tendency to generate tracking currents must be as low as possible. In addition, high tracking resistance allows, for example, reducing the distance between conductor tracks, thereby achieving smaller component sizes or allowing components to operate at higher operating voltages.

[0004] CTI ("Comparative Tracking Index") is a measure of a plastic's tracking resistance. It indicates the degree to which a plastic surface can generate tracking currents due to the influence of dirt or liquids when a voltage is applied. The higher the tracking resistance, the better suited the material is for components that are subjected to high voltages and / or that may become dirty or come into contact with moisture during use. CTI is expressed in volts and indicates the voltage up to which a drop of a certain amount of electrolyte solution will not generate a significant tracking current.

[0005] An alternative determination method for measuring tracking resistance is the PTI ("Proof Tracking Index"), which is described in the Examples section. This method can be used specifically for component characterization to test the tracking resistance of components over voltage ranges known to be important.

[0006] Compared to other polymers such as polyethylene, polycarbonate has only low tracking resistance, with a CTI value of about 250 V. However, some high-voltage applications, such as those in the field of electromobility, require CTI values ​​of 600 V. Furthermore, materials for such applications must have very high flame retardancy according to UL 94 V, preferably a V0 classification with a wall thickness as thin as 1.5 mm.

[0007] The flame retardancy of polycarbonate and polycarbonate blends is usually improved by adding flame retardants. However, some flame retardants increase the tendency for tracking current to occur, resulting in an undesirable decrease in CTI. Furthermore, flame retardants often adversely affect toughness properties such as heat distortion resistance and impact strength.

[0008] For the reasons mentioned above, it is difficult to realize E / E components made from polycarbonate compositions as thermoplastic materials. In principle, it is possible to increase the distance between conductor tracks to such an extent that the risk of short circuits and fires due to tracking currents is almost eliminated. However, as mentioned above, such an approach contradicts the desire to manufacture extremely small components and use them in the corresponding applications.

[0009] Accordingly, many publications have described approaches to providing polycarbonate compositions with improved CTI.

[0010] Patent Document 1 discloses a thermoplastic resin composition having good properties such as a high CTI, and containing (A) 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate, (B) 2 to 6 parts by weight of a cyclic phosphazene compound flame retardant, (C) 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of an impact modifier, and (D) 1 to 3 parts by weight of a fluorinated polyolefin.

[0011] Patent Document 2 discloses polycarbonate compositions, methods, and articles of manufacture that meet at least certain electrical tracking resistance requirements. The compositions, methods, and articles of manufacture that meet these requirements include at least a polycarbonate, a polysiloxane block copolycarbonate, and a transition metal oxide, such as titanium dioxide.

[0012] The relationship between the flammability characteristics (GWFI) and the tracking resistance is discussed in Non-Patent Document 1.

[0013] Because it is difficult to provide E / E parts with the required flame retardant properties and high CTI from polycarbonate compositions, other thermoplastic materials such as polyesters or polyamides are often used for such applications. However, because polycarbonate and polycarbonate blend compositions offer an interesting combination of properties, such as high heat distortion resistance and high toughness, it would be desirable to provide E / E parts containing thermoplastic materials with such properties without unnecessarily increasing the distance between conductors.

[0014] It was particularly desirable to provide an E / E part comprising a thermoplastic material characterized by a combination of high CTI, high flame retardancy, high heat distortion resistance and impact strength, wherein the thermoplastic material, preferably made of a polycarbonate composition, has a CTI of at least 400 V, preferably 600 V, determined by the rapid test method according to IEC 60112:2009, preferably as described in the Examples section, a PTI of 300 V and 350 V, determined by the rapid test method according to IEC 60112:2009, preferably as described in the Examples section, a UL 94 classification of at least V2 at 1.5 mm, a Vicat softening temperature of at least 105°C, measured according to DIN ISO 306 (2013 edition, method B / 120), and a Vicat softening temperature of at least 40 kJ / m according to ISO 180-1A (2019 edition). 2 It was particularly desirable for the PET film to have an Izod notched impact strength of 1000 kJ / g. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0015] [Patent Document 1] European Patent Application Publication No. 3560997 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0248384 [Non-patent literature]

[0016] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Glow wire ignition temperature (GWIT) and comparative tracking index (CTI) of glass fiber filled engineering polymers, blends and flame retarded formulations" (Polymer Degradation and Stability, Volume 96, Issue 12, December 2011, pages 2098-2103) Summary of the Invention

[0017] An E / E component, including a first conductor L1 and a second conductor L2 that are at a first distance d1 and a second distance d2 from each other, wherein they are connected via a thermoplastic material M, and the thermoplastic material M is in direct contact with the first conductor and the second conductor, the distance d1 is the shortest distance between the first conductor and the second conductor along the surface of the thermoplastic material M, the distance d2 is the shortest distance between the first conductor and the second conductor through air, d2 is selected such that sparking through air is prevented at the respective operating voltage U of the component, d1 has the following values at the operating voltages U listed below: d1 (0V ≤ U ≤ 250V): 1.3 mm to less than 2.5 mm d1 (250V < U ≤ 500V): 2.5 mm to less than 5.0 mm d1 (500V < U ≤ 1000V): 5.0 mm to less than 10.0 mm and the thermoplastic material M has the following components: A) at least one aromatic polycarbonate, aromatic polyester carbonate, or a mixture thereof, B) at least 5 wt% of at least one rubber-modified graft polymer having a graft substrate selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber, and a graft upper layer not containing a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile, C) at least 5 wt% of at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant, It has surprisingly been found that the desired properties are exhibited by the E / E component. Thus, component A, component B, and component C, and optionally component D, form the composition of the thermoplastic material M.

[0018]

[0019] ​Preferably, the thermoplastic material M (i.e., the composition) contains 50% to 85% by weight, more preferably 65% to 80% by weight, of component A, 5% to 15% by weight, more preferably 6% to 12% by weight, of component B, and 5% to 15% by weight, more preferably 6% to 12% by weight, of component C.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of component B to component C is 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0021] In addition to components A, B, and C, the composition may contain, as component D, one or more polymer additives, fillers, and reinforcing agents, dyes, pigments, and / or polymers different from components A and B as blending partners. The amount of component D is preferably 0.1% to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.2% to 15% by weight.

[0022] The ratios of components A to D are based on the entire composition in each case.

[0023] The composition preferably consists of components A to D up to at least about 90% by weight, more preferably up to at least about 95% by weight. It is particularly preferred that the composition consists only of components A to D.

[0024] Therefore, the conductor spacing d1 depends on the operating voltage and is, for example, less than 1.3 mm to 2.5 mm in the range of 0 V to 250 V (including both ends).

[0025] The lower limit of the description of the conductor spacing is only achievable when the thermoplastic material has a CTI of 600 V. For the upper limit of the description, a CTI of at least 400 V is required. When the thermoplastic material has a CTI of 600 V, the distance d1 is preferably as follows: d1(0V≦U≦250V): less than 1.3 mm to 1.8 mm d1(250V<U≦500V): less than 2.5 mm to 3.6 mm d1(500V<U≦1000V): less than 5.0 mm to 7.1 mm.

[0026] In the E / E component according to the present invention, it is preferred if d2 is at least 1.2 mm, more preferably 1.2 mm to 10.0 mm. Those skilled in the art can determine the distance at which sparks through the air are prevented.

[0027] It is preferable if the E / E components have an IP6K9K protection rating according to ISO 20653:2013-02, i.e. are shielded against contact and ingress of foreign objects and water.

[0028] The E / E component according to the invention is preferably part of a (high) voltage switch or (high) voltage inverter, a relay, an electronic connector, an electrical connector, a circuit breaker, a photovoltaic system, an electric motor, a heat sink, a USB plug, an electric vehicle charger or charging plug, an electrical junction box, a smart meter housing, a miniature circuit breaker or a busbar. Here "part of" means that it can be an individual element of a complex product, a group of components, but also an entire element, as is the case for example with an "electronic connector".

[0029] The present invention further provides an assembly configured for a working voltage of at least 400 V, preferably 600 V, including an E / E component according to the present invention, preferably having an IP6K9K protection rating according to ISO 20653:2013-02.

[0030] The present invention further provides use of 5% to 15% by weight of a rubber-modified graft polymer having a graft substrate selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber, and a graft upper layer that does not contain structural units derived from acrylonitrile, and 5% to 15% by weight of at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant, for improving the flame retardancy according to CTI and UL 94 V of an aromatic polycarbonate composition or an aromatic polyester carbonate composition.

[0031] A polycarbonate composition containing 50% to 85% by weight of an aromatic polycarbonate or aromatic polyester carbonate is preferably used, which achieves a CTI of 600V and a UL 94 classification on a 1.5 mm thick test piece as determined in accordance with the rapid test method based on IEC 60112:2009.

[0032] The features mentioned as preferred, particularly preferred etc. for the composition of the thermoplastic material also apply in relation to the use according to the invention.

[0033] Ingredient A The aromatic polycarbonates and / or aromatic polyester carbonates of component A suitable according to the invention are known from the literature or can be prepared by methods known from the literature (for the preparation of aromatic polycarbonates, see, for example, Schnell, "Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates", Interscience Publishers, 1964, and also DE-A-1 495 626, DE-A-2 232 877, DE-A-2 703 376, DE-A-2 714 544, DE-A-3 000 610, DE-A-3 832 396; for the preparation of aromatic polyester carbonates, see, for example, DE-A-3 007 934).

[0034] Aromatic polycarbonates are produced, for example, by reacting diphenols with carbonyl halides, preferably phosgene and / or aromatic dicarbonyl dihalides, preferably dihalides of benzenedicarboxylic acids, by an interfacial process, optionally using chain terminators, such as monophenols, and optionally using trifunctional or higher-functional branching agents, such as triphenols or tetraphenols. Another possibility is production by a melt polymerization process, by reacting diphenols with, for example, diphenyl carbonate.

[0035] The diphenols for the preparation of aromatic polycarbonates and / or aromatic polyester carbonates preferably have the formula (1): [ka] (In the formula, A is a single bond, C1-C5-alkylene, C2-C5-alkylidene, C5- or C6-cycloalkylidene, -O-, -SO-, -CO-, -S-, -SO2-, or a C6-C alkylene group optionally fused with a further aromatic ring containing a heteroatom. 12 -arylene, or formula (2) or formula (3): [ka] is the basis of B is, in each case, C1~C 12 alkyl, preferably methyl, halogen, preferably chlorine and / or bromine, x is, independently in each occurrence, 0, 1, or 2; p is 1 or 0, and R 5 and R 6 For each X 1 are individually selectable and are, independently of one another, hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, X 1 is carbon, and m is an integer of 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5, provided that at least one atom X 1 R on top 5 and R 6 is a diphenol of which both are alkyl.

[0036] Preferred diphenols are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenols, bis(hydroxyphenyl)-C1-C5-alkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)-C5 or C6-cycloalkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)ethers, bis(hydroxyphenyl)sulfoxides, bis(hydroxyphenyl)ketones, bis(hydroxyphenyl)sulfones, and α,α-bis(hydroxyphenyl)diisopropylbenzene, as well as their ring-brominated and / or ring-chlorinated derivatives.

[0037] Particularly preferred diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, bisphenol A, 2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, and their dibrominated and tetrabrominated or dichlorinated and tetrachlorinated derivatives, such as 2,2-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, or 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane. 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A) is particularly preferred.

[0038] The diphenols can be used individually or in the form of any desired mixtures. The diphenols are known from the literature or can be obtained by methods known from the literature.

[0039] Examples of chain terminators suitable for the production of thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonates include phenol, p-chlorophenol, p-tert-butylphenol, or 2,4,6-tribromophenol, as well as long-chain alkylphenols, such as 4-[2-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)]phenol, 4-(1,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol according to DE-A-2 842 005, or mono- or dialkylphenols having a total of 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl substituents, such as 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, p-isooctylphenol, p-tert-octylphenol, p-dodecylphenol, and 2-(3,5-dimethylheptyl)phenol and 4-(3,5-dimethylheptyl)phenol. The amount of chain terminator used is generally 0.5 mol% to 10 mol%, based on the total moles of the diphenols used in each case.

[0040] The thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonates preferably have an average molecular weight (weight-average M) of 20,000 g / mol to 40,000 g / mol, more preferably 22,000 g / mol to 32,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 24,000 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol, determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) calibrated against bisphenol A polycarbonate standards using dichloromethane as eluent, calibration with linear polycarbonates (formed from bisphenol A and phosgene) of known molar mass distribution from PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH (Germany), and calibration according to method 2301-0257502-09D (German version 2009) of Currenta GmbH & Co. OHG (Leverkusen). w ) The eluent is dichloromethane. Column: A combination of cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene resin. Analytical column diameter: 7.5 mm; length: 300 mm. Column material particle size: 3 μm to 20 μm. Solution concentration: 0.2 wt %. Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min, solution temperature: 30°C. UV and / or RI detection is used.

[0041] The preferred ranges result in a particularly advantageous balance of mechanical and rheological properties in compositions according to the invention.

[0042] The thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonates can be branched in a known manner, preferably by incorporating 0.05 to 2.0 mol % of trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds, for example compounds having three or more phenolic groups, based on the total diphenols used. It is preferred to use linear polycarbonates, more preferably linear polycarbonates based on bisphenol A.

[0043] Both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates are suitable. The copolycarbonates of the present invention based on component A can also be prepared using polydiorganosiloxanes having hydroxyaryloxy end groups in amounts of 1% to 25% by weight, preferably 2.5% to 25% by weight, based on the total amount of diphenols used. These are known (U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,634) and can be prepared by methods known from the literature. Polydiorganosiloxane-containing copolycarbonates are also suitable, the preparation of which is described, for example, in DE-A-3334782.

[0044] The aromatic dicarbonyl dihalides for the preparation of aromatic polyester carbonates are preferably the diacyl dichlorides of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, diphenyl ether 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, and naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid.

[0045] Particularly preferred is a mixture of the diacyl dichlorides of isophthalic and terephthalic acid in a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1.

[0046] For the preparation of polyester carbonates, a carbonyl halide, preferably phosgene, is additionally used as a difunctional acid derivative.

[0047] Chain terminators contemplated for the production of aromatic polyester carbonates include not only the monophenols mentioned above, but also their chlorocarbonates and acyl chlorides of aromatic monocarboxylic acids (C1-C 22 -optionally substituted by an alkyl group or a halogen atom), and aliphatic C2-C 22 -monocarbonyl chloride.

[0048] The amount of chain terminator in each case is 0.1 mol % to 10 mol % based on the number of moles of diphenol in the case of phenolic chain terminators, and based on the number of moles of dicarboxylic acid dichloride in the case of monocarbonyl chloride chain terminators.

[0049] In the preparation of the aromatic polyester carbonates, one or more aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids may be used.

[0050] The aromatic polyestercarbonates may be linear or branched as is known (see DE-A-2940024 and DE-A-3007934), linear polyestercarbonates being preferred.

[0051] The branching agents used are, for example, trifunctional or polyfunctional carboxylic acid chlorides, such as trimesyl trichloride, cyanuric acid trichloride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride or pyromellitic acid tetrachloride, in an amount of 0.01 mol % to 1.0 mol % (based on the dicarboxylic acid dichloride used), or trifunctional or polyfunctional phenols, such as phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)hept-2-ene ... The branching agent may be 2,6-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propane, tetra(4-[4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl]phenoxy)methane, or 1,4-bis[4,4'-dihydroxytriphenylmethyl]benzene. The phenolic branching agent may be initially charged with a diphenol, or an acid chloride branching agent may be introduced together with an acid dichloride.

[0052] The proportion of carbonate structural units in thermoplastic aromatic polyester carbonates can be varied as desired.The proportion of carbonate groups is preferably at most 100 mol%, particularly preferably at most 80 mol%, particularly preferably at most 50 mol%, based on the total of ester groups and carbonate groups.The ester moieties and carbonate moieties of aromatic polyester carbonates can be present in the polycondensate in the form of blocks or in random distribution.

[0053] The thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonates and polyester carbonates can be used alone or in any desired mixture.

[0054] Preferably, as component A, a linear polycarbonate is used, more preferably a linear polycarbonate based solely on bisphenol A.

[0055] Component B Component B is at least one rubber-containing graft polymer of B.1) on B.2) below: B.1) 5% to 95% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 20% to 60% by weight, of a mixture of the following B.1.1) and B.1.2), based on component B: B.1.1) 65% to 85% by weight, preferably 70% to 80% by weight, based on B.1, of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl aromatic compounds (e.g. styrene, α-methylstyrene), ring-substituted vinyl aromatic compounds (e.g. p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene) and (C1-C8)-alkyl methacrylates (e.g. methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate), B.1.2) 15% to 35% by weight, preferably 20% to 30% by weight, based on B.1, of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (C1-C8)-alkyl(meth)acrylates (e.g. methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate) and derivatives (e.g. anhydrides and imides) of unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g. maleic anhydride and N-phenylmaleimide), B.2) 95% to 5% by weight, preferably 90% to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 80% to 40% by weight, of one or more elastomer graft substrates selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubbers and diene rubbers, based on component B.

[0056] The graft substrate preferably has a glass transition temperature of less than 0°C, more preferably less than -20°C, and particularly preferably less than -40°C.

[0057] Component B.1, also referred to as the graft top layer or graft shell, does not contain acrylonitrile.

[0058] Unless expressly stated otherwise in this application, the glass transition temperatures are determined for all components by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN 61006 (1994 edition) at a heating rate of 10 K / min using determination of Tg as midpoint temperature (tangent method).

[0059] The grafted particles in component B1 preferably have a median particle size (D50) of 0.05 μm to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm, particularly preferably 0.2 μm to 0.5 μm.

[0060] The median particle diameter D50 is the diameter above which 50% of the particles by weight are greater and below which 50% of the particles by weight are smaller. Unless otherwise expressly stated in this application, this is determined by ultracentrifugation measurements (W. Scholtan, H. Lange, Kolloid, Z. und Z. Polymere 250 (1972), 782-796).

[0061] Preferred diene rubbers as graft substrate B.2 are those containing butadiene or copolymers of dienes, preferably butadiene and further copolymerizable vinyl monomers (for example according to B.1.1 and B.1.2) or mixtures of one or more of the above-mentioned components.

[0062] A further preferred diene rubber is pure polybutadiene rubber. In a further preferred embodiment, B.2 is a styrene-butadiene rubber, particularly preferably a styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber.

[0063] Preferred monomers B.1.1 are selected from at least one of the monomers styrene, α-methylstyrene and methyl methacrylate, and preferred monomers B.1.2 are selected from at least one of the monomers maleic anhydride and methyl methacrylate.

[0064] Particularly preferred monomers are B.1.1 styrene and B.1.2 methyl methacrylate. It is also preferred if both B.1.1 and B.1.2 are methyl methacrylate.

[0065] Preferred graft copolymers containing a diene rubber as the graft substrate are those in which methyl methacrylate or a mixture of methyl methacrylate and styrene is grafted to a graft substrate based on 1,3-butadiene or a graft substrate composed of a mixture of 1,3-butadiene and styrene, also referred to as MBS (methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene) rubber.

[0066] Elastomeric acrylate rubber graft substrates B.2 suitable for the graft polymer B are preferably polymers of alkyl acrylates, optionally containing up to 40% by weight, based on B.2, of other polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Preferred polymerizable acrylic esters include C1-C8-alkyl esters, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-octyl and 2-ethylhexyl esters, haloalkyl esters, preferably halo-C1-C8-alkyl esters, such as chloroethyl acrylate, as well as mixtures of these monomers.

[0067] Crosslinking can be achieved by copolymerizing a monomer containing two or more polymerizable double bonds. Preferred examples of crosslinking monomers include esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms with unsaturated monohydric alcohols having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or saturated polyols having 2 to 4 OH groups and 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and allyl methacrylate, polyunsaturated heterocyclic compounds such as trivinyl cyanurate and triallyl cyanurate, polyfunctional vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and trivinylbenzene, and triallyl phosphate and diallyl phthalate. Preferred crosslinking monomers are allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diallyl phthalate, and heterocyclic compounds having at least three ethylenically unsaturated groups. Particularly preferred crosslinking monomers are the cyclic monomers triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine, and triallyl benzene. The amount of crosslinking monomer is preferably 0.02% to 5% by weight, in particular 0.05% to 2% by weight, based on the graft substrate B.2. In the case of cyclic crosslinking monomers having at least three ethylenically unsaturated groups, it is advantageous to limit the amount to less than 1% by weight of the graft substrate B.2.

[0068] The gel content of the graft polymer is at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 75% by weight (measured in acetone).

[0069] Unless otherwise specified in the present invention, the gel content of the graft polymer is determined as the insoluble fraction in acetone as a solvent at 25°C (M. Hoffmann, H. Kroemer, R. Kuhn, Polymeranalytik I and II, Georg Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 1977).

[0070] The graft copolymer B is generally prepared by free radical polymerization.

[0071] Particularly preferred polymers B are, for example, polymers which are prepared by emulsion polymerization, for example as described in Ullmanns Enzyklopaedie der Technischen Chemie, vol. 19 (1980), p. 280 ff.

[0072] After the polymerization reaction is complete, the graft polymer is precipitated from the aqueous phase and then optionally washed with water. The final post-treatment step is a drying step.

[0073] Graft polymer B generally also comprises, as a result of its preparation, a copolymer of B.1.1 and B.1.2, which is a free copolymer, i.e., not chemically bound to the rubber substrate and which has the characteristic of being soluble in a suitable solvent (e.g., acetone).

[0074] Component B1 preferably comprises a free copolymer of B.1.1 and B.1.2, preferably having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw), determined by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene standards, of 30,000 g / mol to 200,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 40,000 g / mol to 150,000 g / mol.

[0075] Component C Phosphorus-containing flame retardants, preferably selected from the group of monomeric and oligomeric phosphate and phosphonate esters and phosphazenes, are component C used in the compositions according to the invention, although it is also possible to use mixtures of several compounds selected from one or more of these groups as flame retardants.

[0076] Preferred monomeric and oligomeric phosphate and phosphonate esters have the general formula (4): [ka] (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4are each independently optionally halogenated C1-C8-alkyl, in each case optionally alkyl-substituted, preferably C1-C4-alkyl-substituted and / or halogen-substituted, preferably chlorine- or bromine-substituted, C5- or C6-cycloalkyl, C6-C 20 -aryl or C7-C 12 -aralkyl, n is independently 0 or 1; q is 0 to 30; X is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched aliphatic radical having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be OH-substituted and may contain up to eight ether bonds) phosphorus compound.

[0077] Preferably, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl. 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 The radicals may in this case be substituted by halogen and / or alkyl groups, preferably chlorine, bromine and / or C1-C4-alkyl. Particularly preferred aryl radicals are cresyl, phenyl, xylenyl, propylphenyl or butylphenyl, and their corresponding brominated and chlorinated derivatives.

[0078] X in formula (4) is preferably a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, the latter preferably being derived from a diphenol.

[0079] In formula (4), n may independently be 0 or 1, and preferably n is 1.

[0080] q has a value of 0 to 30. When using mixtures of different components of formula (4), it is possible to use mixtures having preferably number-average q values ​​of 0.3 to 10, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10, in particular 1.05 to 1.4, most preferably 1.05 to 1.2.

[0081] X is particularly preferably [ka] or chlorinated or brominated derivatives thereof, in particular X is derived from resorcinol, hydroquinone, bisphenol A or diphenylphenol. Particularly preferably, X is derived from bisphenol A.

[0082] Monophosphates (q=0), oligophosphates (q=1 to 30) or mixtures of monophosphates and oligophosphates can be used as component C according to the invention.

[0083] Monophosphorus compounds of formula (1) are in particular tributyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, diphenyl 2-ethylcresyl phosphate, tri(isopropylphenyl)phosphate, halogen-substituted aryl phosphates, dimethyl methyl phosphonate, diphenyl methyl phosphonate, diethyl phenyl phosphonate, triphenyl phosphine oxide or tricresyl phosphine oxide.

[0084] One particularly preferred phosphorus compound according to component C is represented by formula (5): [ka] It is a bisphenol A-based oligophosphate.

[0085] The phosphorus compounds of formula (4) are either known (see, for example, EP-A-363608, EP-A-640655) or can be prepared analogously by known methods (see, for example, Ullmanns Enzyklopaedie der technischen Chemie, vol. 18, p. 301 ff. 1979; Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, vol. 12 / 1, p. 43; Beilstein, vol. 6, p. 177).

[0086] The average q value can be determined using a suitable method (gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC)) by determining the composition (molecular weight distribution) of the phosphate mixture and using this to calculate the average value of q.

[0087] Phosphazenes are represented by formula (6) and formula (7): [ka] (In the formula, R is in each case identical or different and is selected from the group consisting of amino, in each case optionally halogenated, preferably fluorohalogenated, C1-C8-alkyl or C1-C8-alkoxy, in each case optionally alkyl-substituted, preferably C1-C4-alkyl-substituted and / or halogen-substituted, preferably chlorine- and / or bromine-substituted, C5- or C6-cycloalkyl, C6-C 20 -aryl, preferably phenyl or naphthyl, C6-C 20 -aryloxy, preferably phenoxy, naphthyloxy, or C7-C 12 -aralkyl, preferably phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, and k is 0 or a number from 1 to 15, preferably a number from 1 to 10).

[0088] Examples include propoxyphosphazene, phenoxyphosphazene, methylphenoxyphosphazene, aminophosphazene and fluoroalkylphosphazene, with phenoxyphosphazene being preferred.

[0089] Phosphazenes can be used alone or in mixtures. In formula (6) and formula (7), the R radicals can always be the same, or two or more radicals can be different. Phosphazenes and their preparation are described, for example, in EP 728811, DE 1961668 and WO 97 / 40092.

[0090] As component C, it is preferred to use a flame retardant of formula (4), particularly preferably formula (5).

[0091] Component D One or more representatives selected from the group consisting of polymeric additives and blending partner polymers may optionally be present in the composition as component D.

[0092] The polymer additive or the blending polymer partner is preferably selected from the group consisting of anti-drip agents, flame retardant synergists, smoke suppressants, lubricants and mold release agents, nucleating agents, antistatic agents, conductive additives, stabilizers, flow promoters, fillers and reinforcing agents, compatibilizers, further polymeric components different from component A and component B, and dyes and pigments.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, at least one polymeric additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, mold release agents and stabilizers is used as component D.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, at least one representative selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered phenols, organic phosphites, phosphorous acids, and organic or inorganic Bronsted acids is used as stabilizer.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, fatty acid esters, particularly preferably fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol or glycerol, are used as lubricants and mold release agents.

[0096] The amount and type of component D must, of course, be selected so that the flame retardancy and CTI are not significantly impaired.

[0097] Production of thermoplastic materials from the compositions The thermoplastic material M can be produced from a composition comprising components A, B and C, and optionally component D, of the present invention.

[0098] The thermoplastic material M can be produced, for example, by mixing the individual components of the composition in a known manner and melt-compounding and melt-extruding the mixture in customary equipment such as internal mixers, extruders and twin-screw extruders, preferably at temperatures of 200°C to 320°C, particularly preferably 240°C to 300°C, and very particularly preferably 260°C to 290°C.

[0099] In the context of this application, this process is generally referred to as compounding.

[0100] Thermoplastic material M is therefore understood to mean the product obtained when the constituents of the composition are melt compounded and melt extruded.

[0101] The individual components of the composition can be mixed in a known manner either sequentially or simultaneously at a temperature of about 20° C. (room temperature) or higher, i.e., for example, some components can be introduced through the main intake of an extruder and the remaining components can be introduced through a side extruder later in the compounding process.

[0102] Manufacturing of E / E parts according to the present invention The components according to the invention can be manufactured by injection molding, for example by overmolding metal conductor tracks, which are pre-assembled and fixed in the cavity of an injection molding tool. After closing the tool, the conductor tracks are filled with a polymer melt under high pressure, which creates a composite on cooling. After solidification and demolding, the finished component can be used.

[0103] An alternative method is Integrated Plastic-Metal Injection Molding (IKMS), which involves producing the finished part in two steps: In the first step, a plastic part is produced with conductor tracks that are subsequently filled in. The finished plastic part is then placed into a second cavity, which is filled with solder that, once solidified, defines the conductor tracks.

[0104] A further alternative is to subsequently connect injection-molded parts to the conductor tracks, i.e., a plastic part is produced in an injection mold and assembled with the conductors in a further step. The injection-molded parts can be connected during assembly with an additional input of energy. There are several ways to do this. For example, metal conductors can be strongly heated and forced into the plastic part. Alternatively, the conductors can be directly connected to the plastic part by laser welding.

[0105] The component is preferably part of a (high) voltage switch, a (high) voltage inverter, a relay, an electronic connector, an electrical connector, a circuit breaker, a photovoltaic system, an electric motor, a heat sink, a USB plug, a charger or charging plug for an electric vehicle, an electrical junction box, a smart meter housing, a miniature circuit breaker or a busbar. It is equally possible for the component to be not only part of an element, but also the whole element.

[0106] Further embodiments of the present invention are listed below.

[0107] 1. An E / E part, a first conductor L1 and a second conductor L2 at a first distance d1 and a second distance d2 from each other; including which are connected via a thermoplastic material M, which thermoplastic material M is in direct contact with the first conductor and the second conductor, The distance d1 is the shortest distance between the first conductor and the second conductor along the surface of the thermoplastic material M, The distance d2 is the shortest distance between the first conductor and the second conductor through air, d2 is selected such that a spark through air is prevented at the respective operating voltage U of the component, d1 has the following values at the operating voltages U listed below: d1 (0V ≤ U ≤ 250V): 1.3 mm to less than 2.5 mm d1 (250V < U ≤ 500V): 2.5 mm to less than 5.0 mm d1 (500V < U ≤ 1000V): 5.0 mm to less than 10.0 mm and the thermoplastic material M has the following components: A) at least one aromatic polycarbonate, aromatic polyester carbonate or a mixture thereof, B) at least 5 wt% of at least one rubber-modified graft polymer having a graft base selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber and a graft upper layer not containing structural units derived from acrylonitrile, C) at least 5 wt% of at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant, and is an E / E component.

[0108] 2. The thermoplastic material M has the following components: A) 50 wt% to 85 wt% of at least one aromatic polycarbonate, aromatic polyester carbonate or a mixture thereof, B) 5 wt% to 15 wt% of a rubber-modified graft polymer having a graft base selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber and a graft upper layer not containing structural units derived from acrylonitrile, C) 5% to 15% by weight of at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant; 2. The E / E part according to claim 1,

[0109] 3. An E / E part according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein component A is a bisphenol A-based homopolycarbonate.

[0110] 4. An E / E part according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein component C is selected from the group consisting of monomeric and oligomeric phosphate and phosphonate esters, phosphazenes, and mixtures of these compounds.

[0111] 5. The component C used is represented by the general formula (4): [ka] (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently optionally halogenated C1-C8-alkyl, in each case optionally alkyl-substituted, preferably C1-C4-alkyl-substituted, and / or halogen-substituted, preferably chlorine- or bromine-substituted, C5- or C6-cycloalkyl, C6-C 20 -aryl or C7-C 12 -aralkyl, n is independently 0 or 1; q is 0 to 30; The E / E part according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein X is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a straight or branched chain aliphatic radical having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally OH-substituted, and optionally containing up to 8 ether linkages.

[0112] 6. An E / E part according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the thermoplastic material comprises 65% to 80% by weight of component A, 6% to 12% by weight of component B, and 6% to 12% by weight of component C.

[0113] 7. An E / E component according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the weight ratio of component B to component C is from 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0114] 8. An E / E component according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the thermoplastic material M further comprises, as component D, one or more polymer additives, fillers and reinforcing agents, dyes, pigments, and / or a polymer different from components A and B as a blending partner, in a proportion of 0.1% to 20% by weight.

[0115] 9. An E / E component according to embodiment 8, wherein the proportion of component D is from 0.2% to 15% by weight.

[0116] 10. An E / E component according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the thermoplastic material consists only of components A to D. [[ID=**********]]

[0117] [[ID=**********]] 11. d1 has the following values at the operating voltages U listed below: d1 (0V ≤ U ≤ 250V): from 1.3 mm to less than 1.8 mm d1 (250V < U ≤ 500V): from 2.5 mm to less than 3.6 mm d1 (500V < U ≤ 1000V): from 5.0 mm to less than 7.1 mm An E / E component according to any of the previous embodiments, showing the above.

[0118] 12. An E / E component according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein d2 ≥ 1.2 mm.

[0119] 13. An E / E component according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein d2 is from 1.2 mm to 10.0 mm.

[0120] 14. An E / E component according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the above components are part of a (high) voltage switch, (high) voltage inverter, relay, electronic connector, electrical connector, circuit breaker, solar power generation system, motor, heat sink, USB plug, electric vehicle charger or charging plug, electrical connection box, smart meter housing, miniature circuit breaker or busbar. <00005******>[[ID=4********]]

[0121] [[ID=4********]] 15. An EE part according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the thermoplastic material M has a CTI of 600V as specified in accordance with IEC 60112:2009.

[0122] 16. An EE assembly including an EE part according to any of the previous embodiments, the EE assembly having an IP6K9K protection rating according to ISO 20653:2013-02.

[0123] 17. An EE assembly according to embodiment 16, wherein the working voltage of the EE assembly is at least 400V.

[0124] 18. Use of 5% to 15% by weight of a rubber-modified graft polymer having a graft substrate selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber, and a graft upper layer that does not contain structural units derived from acrylonitrile, and 5% to 15% by weight of at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant to improve the flame retardancy according to CTI and UL 94 V of an aromatic polycarbonate composition or an aromatic polyester carbonate composition.

[0125] 19. The use according to embodiment 18, wherein a polycarbonate composition containing 50% to 85% by weight of an aromatic polycarbonate or aromatic polyester carbonate achieves a CTI of 600V and a UL 94 V2 classification on a 1.5 mm thick test specimen, as determined according to the rapid test method based on IEC 60112:2009. [Example]

[0126] Ingredient A-1: Weight average molecular weight M of 26000 g / mol W (determined by GPC in methylene chloride using bisphenol A-based polycarbonate as standard).

[0127] Ingredient A-2: Weight average molecular weight M of 20,000 g / molW (determined by GPC in methylene chloride using bisphenol A-based polycarbonate as standard).

[0128] Ingredient B-1 Kane Ace™ M732 (Kaneka Corporation, Japan), a graft polymer composed of 23 wt. % methyl methacrylate and 6 wt. % styrene on 71 wt. % polybutadiene rubber as the graft substrate, produced by emulsion polymerization.

[0129] Ingredient B-2 Graft polymer of 40 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate onto 60 parts by weight of poly-n-butyl acrylate rubber as the graft substrate (median particle diameter d50=0.50 μm), Paraloid™ EXL-2300 (Dow, USA), produced by emulsion polymerization.

[0130] Ingredient B-3 A graft polymer of 43 parts by weight of a 73:27 styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer on 57 parts by weight of particulate crosslinked polybutadiene rubber as the graft substrate, prepared by emulsion polymerization.

[0131] Component C Bisphenol A-based oligophosphate (Chemtura Manufacturing UK Limited) with the following structure: [ka]

[0132] Component D-1 Pentaerythritol tetrastearate, Loxiol™ P 861 / 3.5 Special (Emery Oleochemicals GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany)

[0133] Component D-2 Irganox™ B900 (a mixture of 80% Irgafos™ 168 (tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and 20% Irganox™ 1076 (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(octadecanoylcarbonylethyl)phenol); BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany)

[0134] Component D-3 ADS5000: A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) formulation from IRPC Public Company Limited (Thailand) consisting of 50 wt% PTFE present in a SAN copolymer matrix

[0135] Preparation and testing of molding compounds made from the compositions The ingredients were mixed in a Coperion ZSK-26 Mc18 twin-screw extruder at a melt temperature of 250° C. to 280° C. Molded parts were produced in an Arburg 270 E injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 260° C. and a mold temperature of 70° C.

[0136] The Izod notched impact strength was determined according to ISO 180 / 1A (2019 edition) on test rods with dimensions 80 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm at room temperature.

[0137] The Vicat softening temperature was determined according to DIN ISO 306 (method B with a load of 50 N and a heating rate of 120 K / h, 2013 edition) on test rods injection-molded from one side with dimensions 80 x 10 x 4 mm.

[0138] Flame retardancy was evaluated according to UL94V on rods with dimensions of 127 x 12.7 x 1.5 mm.

[0139] The tracking resistance ("comparative tracking index") (CTI) of the compositions described herein was tested according to the rapid test method based on IEC 60112:2009. For this purpose, a 0.1% ammonium chloride test solution (395 ohm·cm resistivity) was dropped onto the surface of a test specimen measuring 60 mm × 40 mm × 4 mm, between two adjacent electrodes spaced 4 mm apart, with a time interval of 30 seconds. A test voltage was applied between the electrodes and varied over the course of the test. The first test specimen was tested at a starting voltage of 300 V or 350 V. For the voltages presented here, a maximum of 50 drops in total (one drop every 30 seconds) were dropped, as long as a tracking current of more than 0.5 A occurred for 2 seconds or the specimen did not burn. After 50 drops, the voltage was increased by 50 V, and a new specimen was tested at this increased voltage according to the procedure described above. This process continued until 600 V was reached or a tracking current or burning occurred, whichever occurred first. If one of the above effects occurred before 50 drops, the voltage was reduced by 25 V and a new specimen was tested at this reduced voltage. The voltage was reduced until the test completed 50 drops without causing tracking current or burning. This procedure was therefore used to identify the maximum possible voltage at which a composition could withstand 50 drops of test solution without causing tracking current. Finally, for confirmation, four additional specimens were tested using 50 drops each at the specified maximum voltage. This confirmed value was reported as the CTI in the examples. A 100-drop value was not specified because it was a "rapid test method based on" the specified standard.

[0140] The PTI ("Proof Tracking Index") test was performed according to IEC 60112:2009, modified as follows. For this purpose, a 0.1% ammonium chloride test solution (395 ohm·cm resistivity) was dropped onto the surface of a 60 mm × 40 mm × 4 mm specimen between two adjacent electrodes spaced 4 mm apart, with a 30-second time interval. In contrast to the CTI test, a constant test voltage was applied between the electrodes in the PTI test, and a total of five specimens were tested at each voltage. A maximum of 50 drops (one drop every 30 seconds) were dropped per specimen, as long as no tracking current of more than 0.5 A occurred for two seconds or the specimen did not burn. The test was considered passed if, at each specified voltage, no tracking current of more than 0.5 A occurred for two seconds or no sample combustion occurred for any of the tested specimens. If a tracking current of more than 0.5 A occurred for two seconds or the specimen burned, the test was considered unsuccessful.

[0141] [Table 1]

[0142] The data in Table 1 show that both high tracking resistance (CTI and PTI) and good flame retardancy are achieved only in Compositions 5, 6, and 7 according to the present invention. In addition, the Izod impact strength and Vicat softening temperature achieve the desired values. When the proportions of Components B-1 and C-1 are too low, flame retardancy is not achieved, the Izod notched impact strength is low, or the tracking resistance is inadequate (V1, V2, V3, and V4).

[0143] [Table 2]

[0144] The data in Table 2 show that compositions with the desired properties are achieved with only the component B-2 and component C in the proportions according to the invention. At excessively low proportions, the tracking resistance (CTI and / or PTI) is inadequate (V8, V9, V10 and V11). Furthermore, the Izod notched impact strength does not reach the desired minimum value (V8 and V9).

[0145] [Table 3]

[0146] The data in Table 3 show that, with the exception of V16, the use of component B-3 not according to the invention, even when used in sufficient proportions relative to components B-1 or B-2, does not achieve sufficient tracking resistance (PTI). At low amounts of component B-3, the Izod notched impact strength is also very low (V15 and V16).

Claims

1. An E / E part, a first conductor L1 and a second conductor L2 at a first distance d1 and a second distance d2 from each other; Including, They are connected via a thermoplastic material M, which is in direct contact with the first and second electrical conductors; the distance d1 is the shortest distance between the first and second electrical conductors along the surface of the thermoplastic material M; the distance d2 is the shortest distance between the first conductor and the second conductor through air, d2 is selected so as to prevent sparks through the air at the respective working voltage U of the component, d1 has the following values ​​at the working voltage U listed below: d1 (0V≦U≦250V): 1.3mm to less than 2.5mm d1 (250V<U≦500V): 2.5mm to less than 5.0mm d1 (500V<U≦1000V): 5.0mm to less than 10.0mm and said thermoplastic material M has the following components: A) at least one aromatic polycarbonate, aromatic polyester carbonate, or mixtures thereof; B) at least 5% by weight of at least one rubber-modified graft polymer having a graft substrate selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber, and a graft upper layer that does not contain structural units derived from acrylonitrile; C) at least 5 wt. % of at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant; E / E parts, including:

2. The thermoplastic material M comprises the following components: A) 50% to 85% by weight of at least one aromatic polycarbonate, aromatic polyester carbonate, or mixtures thereof; B) 5% to 15% by weight of a rubber-modified graft polymer having a graft base material selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber, and a graft upper layer that does not contain structural units derived from acrylonitrile; C) 5% to 15% by weight of at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant; The E / E part of claim 1 , comprising:

3. 3. The E / E part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein component A is a bisphenol A-based homopolycarbonate.

4. 4. The E / E part according to claim 1, wherein component C is selected from the group consisting of monomeric and oligomeric phosphate and phosphonate esters, phosphazenes, and mixtures of these compounds.

5. The component C used is represented by the general formula (4): 【Chemical 1】 (In the formula, R １ , R ２ , R ３ , and R ４ are each independently optionally halogenated C １ ~C ８ - alkyl, in each case optionally alkyl-substituted, preferably C １ ~C ４ - alkyl-substituted and / or halogen-substituted, preferably chlorine- or bromine-substituted, C ５ Or C ６ -cycloalkyl, C ６ ~C ２０ -aryl or C ７ ~C １２ -aralkyl, n is independently 0 or 1; q is 0 to 30; 5. The E / E part according to claim 1, wherein X is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched aliphatic radical having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally OH-substituted, and optionally containing up to 8 ether bonds.

6. 6. E / E part according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thermoplastic material M further comprises, as component D, 0.1% to 20% by weight of one or more polymer additives, fillers and reinforcing agents, dyes, pigments, and / or polymers different from components A and B as blending partners.

7. d1 has the following values ​​at the working voltages U listed below: d1 (0V≦U≦250V): 1.3mm to less than 1.8mm d1 (250V<U≦500V): 2.5mm to less than 3.6mm d1 (500V<U≦1000V): 5.0mm to less than 7.1mm The E / E part according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein

8. The E / E part according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein d2≧1.2 mm.

9. The E / E part according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein d2 is 1.2 mm to 10.0 mm.

10. 10. The E / E part of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the component is part of a (high) voltage switch, a (high) voltage inverter, a relay, an electronic connector, an electrical connector, a circuit breaker, a photovoltaic system, an electric motor, a heat sink, a USB plug, an electric vehicle charger or charging plug, an electrical junction box, a smart meter housing, a miniature circuit breaker or a busbar.

11. 11. The E / E part according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the thermoplastic material M has a CTI of 600V determined according to IEC 60112:2009, as described in the Examples section.

12. 12. An EE assembly comprising an EE part according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the EE assembly having an IP6K9K protection rating according to ISO 20653:2013-02.

13. 13. The EE assembly of claim 12, wherein the working voltage of the EE assembly is at least 400V.

14. A method for improving the flame retardancy of an aromatic polycarbonate composition or an aromatic polyester carbonate composition according to CTI and UL 94 V, comprising the steps of: a) forming a graft substrate selected from the group consisting of acrylate rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber; b) forming a graft upper layer free of structural units derived from acrylonitrile; and c) using 5% to 15% by weight of a rubber-modified graft polymer; and d) forming a graft upper layer free of structural units derived from acrylonitrile.

15. 14. The use according to claim 13, wherein a polycarbonate composition containing 50% to 85% by weight of an aromatic polycarbonate or aromatic polyester carbonate achieves a CTI of 600V and a UL 94 V2 classification as determined according to IEC 60112:2009 as described in the Examples section on a 1.5 mm thick test piece.

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