Vertical Machining Center

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vertical machining center including a bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base, all of which are cast from a mineral gel material, wherein the bed is provided with a table drive device for driving the table to move along the Y-axis on the bed, the column has a symmetrical portal structure and includes a left portal column, a right portal column, and a portal cross beam, the portal cross beam is provided with a saddle drive device for driving the saddle to move along the X-axis, the saddle is provided with a ram drive device, and the ram is equipped with a tool spindle and a spindle motor capable of driving the tool spindle to operate. The vertical machining center disclosed in the present invention reduces the influence of heat sources on the temperature of the machine tool and reduces vibration of each component of the machine tool, thereby reducing thermal deformation occurring in each component during operation of the machine tool, and thereby enabling the machine tool to maintain stable geometric accuracy, operational accuracy, positioning accuracy, and repeatable positioning accuracy even when operated for long periods of time.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vertical machining centers, and more particularly to vertical machining centers. [Background technology]

[0002] A vertical machining center, with its spindle axis positioned perpendicular to the table, is primarily suited to machining complex parts such as plates, discs, molds, and small housings. Vertical machining centers are capable of milling, boring, drilling, tapping, threading, and other processes. Once the workpiece is clamped, the numerical control system controls the machine tool for each process, automatically selecting and changing tools, adjusting the machine tool's spindle speed, feed rate, and tool path relative to the workpiece, and performing other supporting functions to sequentially complete multi-step machining on multiple sides of the workpiece. Furthermore, the ability to change or select various tools increases production efficiency. Due to its advantages of high strength and excellent wear resistance, gray cast iron is widely used in existing NC machine tools to manufacture castings that are subject to high loads, such as beds, guide rails, saddles, rams, and columns.

[0003] Gray cast iron HT150 has a density of 7g / cm 3 , the thermal expansion coefficient is 11.1 × 10 -8 / °C and thermal conductivity of 45W / (m·K). When the temperature of a machine tool is relatively high and exceeds the specified temperature of components cast from gray cast iron, the gray cast iron components of the machine tool (e.g., bed, column, saddle, ram, guide rail, etc.) will experience two problems due to the influence of internal and external heat from the machine tool. On the one hand, deformation will occur in the main components of the machine tool, such as the bed, column, saddle, ram, and guide rail, impairing the machining accuracy of the machine tool and affecting the machining quality of the workpiece. On the other hand, changes will occur in the engagement gaps between different parts that move relative to each other, affecting the operating accuracy of the machine tool and even hindering its normal operation.

[0004] There are many heat sources that affect machine tools. Internal heat is primarily generated within the machine tool itself, such as heat generated by the motor during long-term operation. This heat is transferred to the machine tool via the motor mount, such as the motor base, and also affects components surrounding the motor, such as the bed, saddle, and ram, through thermal radiation. Frictional heat is generated during the transmission and movement of coordinate axes and acts directly on the joints. Components such as guide rails, feed screws, nuts, and nut bases not only generate frictional heat but are also affected by it. External heat is primarily generated by heat transfer or radiation from the outside of the machine tool, such as cutting heat generated during the cutting of a workpiece. During cutting, heat is constantly generated at the tool tip and is continuously radiated from the tool tip into the machining area. However, the tool center point moves irregularly within the machining area, the temperature fluctuations caused by the tool center point, which is the heat source, are irregular, and the position of the tool center point and the heat radiated from the tool center point are constantly changing, resulting in a non-uniform temperature distribution within the machining area, an irregular heat radiation direction, and non-uniform heat diffusion, which in turn creates a non-uniform temperature field on the machine tool components located in the machining area.

[0005] Although cutting fluid absorbs most of the cutting heat, some of the heat contained in the cutting fluid is transferred to other components of the machine tool. The existence of an uneven temperature field results in irregular heat radiation directionality, resulting in uneven heat diffusion. This causes other components of the machine tool to receive heat unevenly, resulting in different degrees of thermal deformation. For example, if the temperature of the top surface of the bed becomes higher than that of the bottom surface, resulting in a temperature difference, the bed will bend and become convex. This affects the straightness of the guide rails attached to the bed. Furthermore, as the bed thermally deforms, the position of the columns also changes accordingly, impairing the inherent geometric accuracy of the machine tool and leading to machining errors. In addition to cutting heat, the ambient temperature during use also affects the geometric accuracy of the machine tool.

[0006] During operation, machine tools are constantly affected by internal and external heat sources, and the thermal radiation generated by these sources is nonlinear and irregular. As a result, machine tools are constantly exposed to unstable and uncertain thermal influences. In particular, key components such as the bed, column, saddle, ram, and table, as well as transmission components such as guide rails, feed screws, nuts, and nut bases, are prone to temperature changes and deformation due to thermal influences. Therefore, conventional machine tools have difficulty maintaining stable geometric accuracy during long-term operation. The geometric accuracy of a machine tool comprehensively reflects the overall geometric shape and positional errors of each important component or unit of the machine tool, as well as the overall assembled geometric shape and positional errors, including the inherent accuracy of each component and the relative positional accuracy between components.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for a vertical machining center that can solve the problem of conventional machine tools, in which parts are deformed to different degrees due to the influence of unstable and uncertain heat sources, making it difficult to maintain stable geometric accuracy during long-term operation of the machine tool. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention discloses a vertical machining center that solves the problem in conventional machine tools that each component deforms to a different degree due to the influence of unstable and uncertain heat sources, making it difficult to maintain stable geometric accuracy during long-term operation of the machine tool.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: A vertical machining center comprising a bed, a column, a saddle, a ram, a table, and a support base, wherein the bed, the column, the saddle, the ram, the table, and the support base are all cast from a mineral gel material; the bed is provided with a table drive device for driving the table to move along the Y-axis direction on the bed; the column is fixed to the bed and has a symmetrical portal structure, including a portal left column, a portal right column, and a portal cross beam, the portal cross beam being provided with a saddle drive device for driving the saddle to move along the X-axis direction; The saddle is provided with a ram drive device for driving the ram to slide along the Z-axis direction, Mounted within the ram is a tool spindle and a spindle motor capable of driving the tool spindle into operation.

[0010] Preferably, the mineral gel material is selected from imitation stone or foam concrete.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application casts the bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base using mineral gel material, compared to conventional structures using gray cast iron. When heated, the mineral gel material's thermal conductivity is only 1 / 20 that of gray cast iron. Therefore, the temperature change per unit time of machine tools cast using mineral gel material is smaller than that of machine tools using gray cast iron components, resulting in less deformation of the machine tool casting and ensuring the geometric accuracy of the machine tool. At the same time, when the machine tool is in operation, movable components such as the saddle and ram are prone to generate vibrations during operation. This vibration also synchronously generates vibrations in the moving components themselves and their connecting components, reducing the repeatable positioning accuracy and relative positioning accuracy of the moving components and adversely affecting machining accuracy. The mineral gel material's excellent vibration damping properties reduce the amplitude of vibrations in the moving components and their connecting components, stabilizing the relative positions of adjacent components. This reduces the engagement gap between the moving components and ensuring the repeatable positioning accuracy of the moving components. By reducing the effect of heat sources on the temperature of the machine tool and reducing the amplitude of vibration of each member of the machine tool, deformation of each part of the machine tool during operation is reduced, and stable geometric accuracy, positioning accuracy, and repeatable positioning accuracy can be maintained during long-term operation of the machine tool.

[0012] Furthermore, the bed, the column, the saddle, the ram, the table and the support base are each provided with a plurality of metal inserts in advance, which function as connection ports for attaching other workpieces, and the plurality of metal inserts are arranged uniformly and symmetrically.

[0013] By applying the above technical solution, the conventional bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base castings are each made of cast iron, and connections between the castings can be achieved by drilling holes in the molded castings and welding them. The improved bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base castings are each cast from mineral gel material. Due to the material properties of the mineral gel material itself, drilling holes in the molded castings and welding them is not easy, making it difficult to achieve connections between the castings. By pre-installing metal inserts in the gel material during casting, the bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base castings and the metal inserts are integrally molded. The metal inserts provide connection ports for attaching adjacent castings to each other or for attaching other workpieces to the castings. This establishes the necessary mounting foundation for fixed connections between the castings in subsequent processes. The metal inserts are arranged evenly and symmetrically, so that the internal heat is easily conducted to the metal inserts, and the temperature of the castings is distributed symmetrically. As a result, the heat dissipation area, heat conduction path, mass of components, etc. of the machine tool are distributed symmetrically, and a uniform temperature field is formed in each casting of the machine tool. At this time, the heat radiation of each casting of the machine tool is linear and regular, the thermal deformation of the machine tool is reduced, and the geometric accuracy, operating accuracy, positioning accuracy, and repeatable positioning accuracy of the machine tool are ensured.

[0014] Furthermore, the metal inserts located in the bed include anchor bolt inserts, bed assembly inserts, and bed tubular inserts, the anchor bolt inserts can form connecting parts in the bed after casting, the connecting parts are used to attach anchor bolts that can support the bed, the bed inserts have insert cavities, and the inner walls of the insert cavities have thread structures, and the bed tubular inserts can form adhesive injection holes in the bed, The metal inserts located in the column include a guide rail insert, a column insert, and a column tubular insert, an insert cavity is opened in the column insert, an inner wall of the insert cavity is provided with a thread structure, and the column tubular insert can form an exhaust hole in the column, A structural adhesive is injected into the joint surface of the column and the bed through the adhesive injection hole so that the column and the bed are fixed together with the structural adhesive.

[0015] The above technical solution uses structural adhesive to bond the bed and column. The structural adhesive eliminates defects caused by the roughness of the joint surface between the column and bed, ensuring a perfect bond between the column and bed. The structural adhesive has excellent degradation resistance, forming a robust, shock-absorbing, and wear-resistant layer at the joint surface between the bed and column. After curing, the structural adhesive exhibits excellent physical properties, such as earthquake resistance, compression resistance, tensile resistance, and impact resistance, making the joint between the bed and column less susceptible to gaps caused by vibrations of the moving parts. This ensures the connection between the bed and column, allowing the relative position between the bed and column to remain stable and vertical for a long period of time, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy and geometric precision between the bed and column.

[0016] Furthermore, a ram connection groove and a pressure plate are arranged on the saddle, and the ram guide rail is located between the pressure plate and the ram connection groove. A wear-resistant layer is provided on the contact surfaces between the pressure plate and the ram connection groove and the ram guide rail, respectively, and the contact surfaces between the wear-resistant layer and the ram guide rail are machined to have precision surfaces.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, a precision surface is provided on the surface of the wear-resistant layer, which can compensate for precision errors and match the geometric precision of the ram connecting groove and the contact surface between the pressure plate and the ram guide rail. At the same time, the provision of the wear-resistant layer reduces damage to the structure caused by friction, prolongs the service life of the structure, thereby reducing the amount of heat generated by friction between the structures and improving the repeatability of positioning accuracy between the relative components.

[0018] Furthermore, the table drive device, the saddle drive device, and the ram drive device all include a lead screw mechanism (Lead Screw Assembly), and a Y-axis nut shell that engages with the lead screw mechanism is fixed on the table, An X-axis nut shell that engages with a feed screw mechanism is fixed on the saddle, A Z-axis nut shell that engages with a feed screw mechanism is fixed on the ram, Nutshell inserts for mounting nutshells are provided inside the saddle, the ram, and the table, respectively; A cooling jacket is provided on the outside of each of the X-axis nut shell, the Y-axis nut shell, and the Z-axis nut shell, By adopting the above technical solution, when the machine tool is operating, the nut shell engages with the feed screw mechanism, and a large amount of heat is generated during the transmission of the feed screw mechanism. However, by providing a cooling jacket on the outside of the nut shell and allowing coolant to flow into the cooling jacket, the coolant can absorb a large amount of heat, stabilize the temperatures of the nut shell and the feed screw mechanism, maintain the engagement gap of the feed screw mechanism structure, and ensure the operating precision.

[0019] Furthermore, heat insulating materials are provided around the outer peripheries of the bed, the column, the saddle, the ram, the table and the support base.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the installation of the heat insulating material can delay the transfer of external heat to the castings such as the bed, column, saddle, ram, table and support base, thereby keeping the temperature of each casting of the machine tool lower than the specified temperature and reducing the impact of external heat sources. In addition, the combination of the heat insulating material and the mineral gel material reduces the heat transfer from external heat sources, thus blocking irregular heat outside the machine tool.

[0021] Furthermore, cooling piping is provided inside the bed, column, saddle, ram, and table.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the cooling liquid flows into the cooling pipe, and the cooling liquid can absorb a large amount of heat and maintain a stable temperature, so that the temperatures of the bed, column, saddle, ram, and table can be controlled to be constant and the influence of internal heat sources can be reduced.

[0023] Furthermore, at least two prestressing metal bar inserts are provided inside the ram, and the prestressing metal bar inserts are embedded symmetrically inside the ram in the longitudinal direction of the ram.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, a prestressed metal bar insert is provided inside the ram, which can offset the tensile stress caused by thermal expansion of the ram and reduce the deformation of the ram. At the same time, the provision of the prestressed metal bar insert can increase the rigidity of the ram, prevent damage to the ram, and ensure the geometric precision of the ram.

[0025] Furthermore, the cooling piping includes at least two cooling pipes, the cooling pipes being uniformly disposed on both sides of the prestressing metal bar insert.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the prestressing metal bar insert is embedded inside the ram, so that part of the heat from the ram is conducted to the prestressing metal bar insert. As the prestressing metal bar insert is made of metal, it is prone to deformation when heated. By providing cooling pipes on both sides of the prestressing metal bar insert, the cooling pipes can cool the prestressing metal bar insert and keep the temperature of the prestressing metal bar insert the same as that of the ram. This prevents deformation of the prestressing metal bar insert and the ram, and ensures the geometric precision of the ram.

[0027] Furthermore, an oil cooling pipe is provided inside the ram, and the oil cooling pipe includes a first oil supply pipe, a first oil return pipe, and a second oil supply pipe and a second oil return pipe, the first oil supply pipe and the first oil return pipe functioning as a connection port for a spindle motor equipped with an oil cooling ring, and the second oil supply pipe and the second oil return pipe functioning as a connection port for a tool spindle bearing equipped with an oil cooling ring.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, oil is selected as the medium for direct cooling of the interior because it has the properties of being non-magnetically conductive and non-conductive and does not affect the motor's magnetic circuit. Since the limits of parameters such as torque and rotation speed of a spindle motor are generally limited by the temperature rise limit of the motor rotor, combining oil cooling with an oil cooling ring and directly cooling the heat source with the oil cooling ring can improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the spindle motor and significantly increase the spindle motor's output limit. Compared to water cooling, water cooling requires heat to be transferred from the heat source inside the spindle motor (such as the windings inside the motor coil) through multiple layers of material to the spindle motor's stator housing, where it is then absorbed by the coolant in the stator housing's water cooling passage. Due to thermal resistance between materials, a temperature gradient exists from the spindle to the spindle motor's casing. Because the spindle cannot be directly cooled inside the spindle motor, heat accumulates, forming local hot spots and reducing cooling efficiency. Therefore, by using an oil cooling method to directly cool the heat source and forcibly cool the spindle motor, the temperature rise of the spindle motor and bearings is reduced, thereby reducing heat generation in the spindle motor and bearings, suppressing thermal deformation of the machine tool, and improving the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the vertical machining center disclosed in the present invention are as follows:

[0030] This application uses a bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base cast from mineral gel material. When heated, the mineral gel material's thermal conductivity is only 1 / 20 that of gray cast iron. Therefore, the temperature rise per unit time of each casting of a machine tool cast from mineral gel material due to external heat radiation is small, and the deformation of the machine tool casting is small, ensuring the geometric accuracy of the machine tool. The bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base are all made of the same material, and the thermal deformation of the castings that move relative to each other is the same, improving the geometric accuracy of the machine tool. At the same time, when the machine tool is in operation, moving parts such as the saddle and ram are prone to generate vibrations. These vibrations also occur in the moving parts themselves and their connecting parts, reducing the operating and positioning accuracy of the moving parts and adversely affecting machining accuracy. The mineral gel material's excellent vibration damping properties absorb vibrations from the moving parts and their connecting parts, reducing the amplitude of the vibrations and stabilizing the relative positions of the moving parts. This makes it difficult for the engagement gap between the parts that move relative to each other to change, ensuring the operating accuracy, positioning accuracy, and repeatable positioning accuracy of the machine tool. In this application, the effect of heat sources on the temperature of the machine tool is reduced, and the vibration of each part of the machine tool is reduced, thereby reducing the thermal deformation that occurs in each part when the machine tool is in operation, and as a result, the machine tool can maintain stable geometric accuracy, operating accuracy, positioning accuracy, and repeatable positioning accuracy even when operating for long periods of time.

[0031] In order to more clearly describe the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces drawings necessary for describing the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative efforts. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0032] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vertical machining center disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a bed disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram showing the relationship between the metal insert and the cooling piping inside the bed disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic structural view showing the entire artificial stone table disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a structural schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the table assembly insert, the Y-axis nutshell base insert, and the table inside the artificial stone table disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a column disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram showing the relationship between a metal insert and cooling piping inside a column disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a saddle disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram showing the relationship between a metal insert and cooling piping inside a saddle disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the X-axis nutshell insert disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a ram disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a front view of a ram disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 is a top view of a ram according to the present invention. [Figure 16] 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 15. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a rear view of the ram without the Z-axis nut base attached, as disclosed in this invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram showing the relationship between the cooling jacket, X-axis feed screw, X-axis nut, and X-axis nut shell insert disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 19] 1 is a structural schematic diagram showing the relationship between the cooling pipe and the pipe joint insert disclosed in the present invention. FIG. [Figure 20] 1 is a schematic diagram of applying force to the combined bed and column disclosed in the present invention. FIG. [Figure 21] 1 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of measurement points on the front surface of a machine tool disclosed in the present invention. [Figure 22] 1 is a schematic diagram of measurement points on the back of a machine tool disclosed in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] In order to clarify the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to Figures 1 to 22 according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be obvious that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The Y-axis guide rail insert 8432, table assembly insert 861, guide rail insert 871, saddle assembly insert 881, and Z-axis guide rail insert according to the present application all have the same structure as connecting insert 851. The above-mentioned inserts are respectively disposed on different castings and function as attachment and connection ports for other components on each casting. To facilitate distinguishing between the uses of inserts on different castings, the above-mentioned inserts are labeled with different names on the corresponding castings.

[0035] Example 1 1 and 2, the vertical machining center includes a bed 1, a column 2, a saddle 3, a ram 4, a table 5, and a support 6. The bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, table 5, and support 6 are all castings made of imitation stone material, and each casting of a machine tool cast from a mineral gel material experiences little temperature rise due to the influence of external heat radiation, resulting in little deformation of the machine tool casting, ensuring the shape accuracy of the machine tool. Because the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, table 5, and support 6 are all made of the same material and the amount of thermal deformation of the castings moving relative to each other is the same, the positional relationship between the moving parts is stably maintained, improving positioning accuracy.

[0036] Referring to Figures 1, 3, and 4, the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5 each have cooling pipes 9 and multiple metal inserts 8. The cooling pipes 9 enable constant-temperature cooling control for the machine tool body, and foam insulation is attached to the outer surfaces of the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5 to reduce the impact of external temperatures on the machine tool's accuracy. The metal inserts 8 serve as ports for connecting different castings and attaching assemblies to the castings. The metal inserts 8 are preferably high-strength steel inserts, which compensate for the lack of strength of the imitation stone material and ensure the overall rigidity of the casting. At the same time, the multiple steel inserts are symmetrically and uniformly arranged within the corresponding castings. By conducting heat from the imitation stone material to the steel inserts, the symmetrically arranged multiple steel inserts create a uniform temperature field on each casting. This results in similar temperature fields across each casting, resulting in linear and regular heat radiation across each casting. Furthermore, the combination of metal inserts 8 and cooling pipes 9 quickly releases heat from inside the machine tool, while the external foam insulation reduces the penetration of heat from outside the machine tool. This blocks irregular heat from the outside of the machine tool and allows the heat inside the machine tool to be released. As a result, the effect of heat sources on the machine tool temperature is suppressed, and thermal deformation that occurs in each part when the machine tool is in operation is reduced. This allows the machine tool to maintain stable geometric accuracy, motion accuracy, positioning accuracy, and repeatable positioning accuracy even when operating for long periods of time.

[0037] During the casting process for a casting consisting of bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5, cooling pipes 9 are pre-embedded inside bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5, respectively. The cooling pipes 9 are arranged in rows at intervals, and their shapes are compatible with the structures of the corresponding bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5. The piping route of the cooling pipes 9 is designed to avoid the structure of the metal inserts 8 inside bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5, thereby realizing heat dissipation inside the machine tool and maintaining a constant internal temperature. This reduces the impact of internal heat on the machine tool and metal inserts 8 and suppresses deformation of the machine tool due to internal heat, allowing the machine tool to maintain stable high precision even during long-term operation.

[0038] 3 and 4, the metal inserts 8 on the bed 1 include anchor bolt inserts 841, bed assembly inserts 842, and bed tubular inserts 843. There are multiple bed assembly inserts 842 and multiple bed tubular inserts 843, and the multiple inserts are arranged symmetrically on the bed 1. There are multiple anchor bolt inserts 841, and they are arranged symmetrically on the lower end surface of the bed 1. When the bed 1 is heated, the heat of the bed 1 is easily conducted to the metal inserts 8, and the temperature of the bed 1 exhibits a symmetrical distribution due to the action of the multiple symmetrically arranged inserts. As a result, the heat dissipation area, heat conduction paths, component mass, etc. of the bed 1 are also symmetrically distributed, and thermal deformation of the bed 1 is reduced.

[0039] The bed assembly insert 842 includes a flange insert 8431, a Y-axis guide rail insert 8432, and a connecting insert 851. The connecting insert 851 has an insert cavity with a threaded inner wall, allowing the fixing bolt to pass through the threaded insert cavity, facilitating connection between the fixing bolt and the connecting insert 851. The Y-axis guide rail insert 8432 can be a multi-threaded steel insert, a T-threaded steel insert, or a grooved insert. The grooved insert, T-threaded steel insert, and multi-threaded steel insert all increase the surface area of ​​the mounting portion, and arranging the inserts in rows improves the connection stability between the mounting portion and other components, ensuring high-precision, long-term stability. In this embodiment, the shape of the Y-axis guide rail insert 8432 is not limited. The anchor bolt insert 841 can form a connection portion on the bed after casting, and the connection portion is used to install anchor bolts that can support the bed 1. By installing the anchor bolt insert 841, an anchor bolt connection part, which is a structure that connects and fixes the bed, can be formed on the surface of the corresponding bed 1, thereby improving the stability, durability, and usability of the bed.

[0040] One end of the bed tubular insert 843 is inserted from the side of the bed 1 and is positioned so as to extend from the top surface of the bed 1. The tubular member is embedded in the bed 1 in advance to form an adhesive injection flow path, and multiple adhesive injection holes 14 are formed on the side of the bed 1 and on the end surface of the bed 1 facing the column 2. The adhesive injection holes 14 on the side of the bed 1 function as inlets, and the adhesive injection holes 14 on the top surface of the bed 1 function as outlets. The adhesive injection holes 14 communicate between the outside of the bed 1 and the contact surface between the bed 1 and the column 2.

[0041] 5 and 6, the metal insert 8 on the table 5 includes a plurality of table assembly inserts 861 and a Y-axis nutshell base insert 862. The plurality of table assembly inserts 861 are symmetrically arranged on the table 5. The table assembly inserts 861 have the same structure as the connecting insert 851, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0042] 3, 4, and 5, bed 1 is provided with a table drive device that drives table 5 to move on bed 1 along the Y-axis direction. The table drive device includes a Y-axis guide rail 11, a Y-axis feed screw 12, and a Y-axis servo motor 13 that rotates and drives Y-axis feed screw 12. Y-axis guide rail 11 is fixed to bed 1 via Y-axis guide rail insert 8432, and Y-axis feed screw 12 is fixed to bed 1 via connection insert 851. Y-axis servo motor 13 is fixed to bed 1 via flange insert 8431. Y-axis nut 15 is threaded onto Y-axis feed screw 12, and a Y-axis nut shell 16 covers the outside of Y-axis nut 15. Y-axis nut shell 16 is fixed to Y-axis nut shell base 17, and Y-axis nut shell base 17 is fixed to table 5 via Y-axis nut shell base insert 862. The Y-axis nut 15 and the Y-axis feed screw 12 are threadedly engaged to transmit power, and the Y-axis servo motor 13 drives the table 5 via the Y-axis feed screw 12 to perform a linear reciprocating motion in the Y-axis direction.

[0043] A Y-axis nutshell base mounting surface is machined on the Y-axis nutshell base insert 862, and the Y-axis nutshell base insert 862 is fixed to the table 5. The nutshell base mounting surface is a precision-machined surface and is used to mount the Y-axis nutshell base 17. The nutshell base mounting surface is parallel to the Y-axis guide rail mounting surface, ensuring the relative accuracy of the feed screw nut mechanism and guide rail in the machine tool after the entire assembly.

[0044] 7 and 8, the metal insert 8 on the column 2 includes a guide rail insert 871 and a column tubular insert 8711. The guide rail insert 871 has the same structure as the connecting insert 851, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

[0045] The column 2 is composed of a left portal column 21, a right portal column 22, and a portal cross beam 23. The left portal column 21 and the right portal column 22 are arranged symmetrically, and the portal cross beam 23 is installed horizontally above the left portal column 21 and the right portal column 22, forming a symmetrical portal structure. There are multiple guide rail inserts 871. Some of the guide rail inserts 871 are equally divided into two groups and arranged symmetrically on both sides of the portal cross beam 23, functioning as connection ports for attaching the X-axis guide rail. The remaining guide rail inserts 871 are arranged at the ends of the portal cross beam 23 and function as connection ports for attaching the motor base of the X-axis servo motor 26. Because the metal inserts 8 are made of metal, heat inside the column 2 is easily conducted to the metal inserts 8. As a result, the metal inserts 8 act to symmetrically distribute the temperature of the column 2, which in turn symmetrically distributes the heat dissipation area, heat conduction path, component mass, and other aspects of the column 2, reducing thermal deformation of the column 2.

[0046] One end of the column tubular insert 8711 is inserted from the side of the column 2 and is positioned so as to extend from the bottom surface of the column 2. A tubular member is embedded in the column 2 in advance to form an exhaust flow path, and multiple exhaust holes 27 are formed on the side and bottom surface of the column 2. The exhaust holes 27 on the side of the column 2 function as outlets, and the exhaust holes 27 on the bottom surface of the column 2 function as inlets. The exhaust holes 27 connect the outside of the column 2 to the joint surface between the bed 1 and the column 2. Because multiple exhaust holes 27 are provided in the left portal column 21 and the right portal column 22, the contact area between the exhaust holes 27 and the joint surface is increased. This makes it easier to expel air from the joint surface when adhesive is injected into the joint surface.

[0047] Referring to Figures 1 and 7, when assembling the bed and column, the entire column 2 is suspended and placed on the bed 1. Next, structural adhesive is injected into the joint between the column 2 and the bed 1 through the adhesive injection hole 14 until the adhesive overflows from the exhaust hole 27. The structural adhesive sufficiently fills the joint between the column 2 and the bed 1, eliminating any imperfections in the roughness of the joint. This completely bonds the bed 1 and the column 2 together. Finally, the column 2 is held stationary in place until the adhesive is completely cured. After curing, the structural adhesive exhibits excellent physical properties, such as earthquake resistance, pressure resistance, tensile strength, and impact resistance. Not only can the column 2 be bonded to the bed 1, but the cured structural adhesive's excellent physical properties, such as earthquake resistance, pressure resistance, tensile strength, and impact resistance, also improve the connection rigidity between the column and the bed.

[0048] 8, 9, and 10, the metal insert 8 on the saddle 3 includes a saddle assembly insert 881 and an X-axis nutshell insert 8811. The saddle assembly insert 881 has the same structure as the connecting insert 851, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here. The support base 6 is fixed to the saddle 3 via the saddle assembly insert 881.

[0049] A saddle drive device is provided on column 2 for driving saddle 3 to move along the X-axis direction. The saddle drive device includes an X-axis guide rail 24, an X-axis feed screw 25, and an X-axis servo motor 26 that can rotate and drive X-axis feed screw 25 to slide saddle 3 in the X-axis direction. X-axis guide rail 24 is fixed to column 2 via guide rail insert 871, and X-axis servo motor 26 is fixed to column 2 via guide rail insert 871. An X-axis nut 28 is installed on X-axis feed screw 25, and X-axis nut 28 transmits power while threadedly engaging with X-axis feed screw 25. An X-axis nut shell covers the outside of X-axis nut 28, and the X-axis nut shell is attached to saddle 3 via X-axis nut shell insert 8811. X-axis servo motor 26 drives X-axis nut 28 via X-axis feed screw 25 to slide back and forth linearly along the X-axis direction.

[0050] 7 and 11, the X-axis nut shell insert 8811 includes a shell body 88111, which is formed in an arc shape with a curvature equal to that of the outer circumferential surface of the X-axis nut 28. A plurality of connection blocks 88112 are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the shell body 88111, and the plurality of connection blocks 88112 are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the shell body 88111. The connection blocks 88112 extend outward in the radial direction of the shell body 88111, and the action of the connection blocks 88112 increases the contact area between the shell body 88111 and the saddle 3. Because vibration occurs during transmission between the Y-axis lead screw 12 and the Y-axis nut 15, the plurality of connection blocks 88112 are cast into the table 5 to improve the adhesion and robustness of the connection between the Y-axis nut shell base insert 862 and the saddle 3. The compatibility between the materials of the X-axis nutshell insert 8811 and the saddle 3 itself makes it possible to reduce the vibration period between the X-axis nutshell insert 8811 and the connecting members of the saddle 3 and the X-axis nutshell insert 8811. This stabilizes the relative position between adjacent members, making it less likely for the engagement gap between members moving relative to each other to fluctuate. This improves stability during transmission between the X-axis feed screw 25 and the X-axis nut 28, ensuring that the saddle 3 maintains stable, high-precision operation along the X-axis direction.

[0051] 12, 13, and 14, the metal insert 8 on the ram 4 includes a ram assembly part 8812, a Z-axis nutshell base insert 83, and a prestressed metal bar insert 10. The ram assembly part 8812 includes a Z-axis guide rail insert and a flange insert 8431, and the Z-axis guide rail insert has the same structure as the connecting insert 851, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

[0052] 15 and 16, there are two prestressing metal bar inserts 10. The two prestressing metal bar inserts 10 are embedded symmetrically inside the ram 4 in the longitudinal direction of the ram 4. The prestressing metal bar inserts 10 are preferably prestressing steel bar inserts. A pre-pressure is applied to the prestressing metal bar inserts 10 to offset the tensile stress caused by thermal expansion of the ram 4, thereby further reducing the deformation of the ram 4 and at the same time improving the strength of the ram 4 and preventing breakage of the ram 4.

[0053] The cooling pipes 9 inside the ram 4 include two cooling pipes in one group, and the number of cooling pipe groups is equal to the number of prestressing metal bar inserts 10. Of the two cooling pipes in one group, one is a supply water pipe 91 and the other is a return water pipe 92, and the supply water pipes 91 of the two groups of cooling pipes are connected in parallel. Since the two cooling pipes are fixed respectively on both sides of the prestressing metal bar inserts 10, the prestressing metal bar inserts 10 can be cooled well and the deformation of the prestressing metal bar inserts 10 can be reduced.

[0054] The ram 4 has a through hole extending along its length. The metal insert 8 on the ram 4 further includes a motor steel sleeve insert 81 for mounting the spindle motor 43, a main shaft steel sleeve insert 82 for mounting the main shaft, and a Z-axis nutshell base insert 83 that can engage with the Z-axis feed screw 32.

[0055] 14, a motor steel sleeve insert 81 and a main shaft steel sleeve insert 82 are respectively fixed to both ends of the through hole. The motor steel sleeve end surface 811 of the motor steel sleeve insert 81 protrudes from the through hole, and the motor steel sleeve end surface 811 functions as an engagement surface. By allowing the motor steel sleeve end surface 811 to protrude from the through hole, it is possible to ensure that the motor steel sleeve end surface 811 can be precisely machined independently, avoiding unnecessary waste caused by machining the entire part.

[0056] The shaft steel sleeve end face 821 of the shaft steel sleeve insert 82 is flush with the through hole, and the plane on which the shaft steel sleeve end face 821 is located functions as an engagement surface. Because the engagement surface is flush with the through hole, the machining of the two can be synchronized, ensuring machining accuracy.

[0057] 14 and 17, a nutshell base mounting surface 831 is machined on the Z-axis nutshell base insert 83, and the Z-axis nutshell base insert 83 is fixed to the ram 4. The nutshell base mounting surface 831 is parallel to the guide rail mounting surfaces 44 and is located between the two guide rail mounting surfaces 44.

[0058] The nut shell base mounting surface 831 is a precision machined surface used for mounting the feed screw nut shell base. The nut shell base mounting surface 831 is parallel to the guide rail mounting surface 44, ensuring the relative accuracy of the feed screw nut mechanism and the guide rail in the machine tool after the entire assembly.

[0059] A tool spindle 42 and a spindle motor 43 capable of driving and operating the tool spindle 42 are mounted inside the ram 4. The tool spindle 42 is fixedly mounted inside the ram 4 via a steel spindle sleeve insert 82, and the spindle motor 43 is fixed inside the ram 4 via a steel motor sleeve insert 81. This structure enables the motor to be located rearward. The area closer to the front end of the spindle generates more heat, which increases the impact on ram deformation. Positioning the spindle motor 43 rearward means that heat generated by the spindle motor 43 is dissipated to a location away from the ram and the electric spindle. This makes it easier to control the heat generated by the ram 4 and suppress the heat generated by the spindle motor 43.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 14, oil cooling piping is further provided inside the ram 4. The oil cooling piping includes a first oil supply pipe 71 and a first oil return pipe 72 provided in the motor steel sleeve insert 81 and a second oil supply pipe 73 and a second oil return pipe 74 provided in the spindle steel sleeve insert 82. The first oil supply pipe 71 and the first oil return pipe 72 function as connection ports for a motor equipped with an oil cooling ring, facilitating cooling of the spindle motor 43. The second oil supply pipe 73 and the second oil return pipe 74 function as connection ports for a spindle bearing equipped with an oil cooling ring, facilitating cooling of the electric spindle. This reduces the impact of temperature-induced deformation on spindle accuracy.

[0061] 1, 2, and 10, the ram 4 is attached to the side of the saddle 3, which is provided with a corresponding ram connection groove 34 and a corresponding retainer plate 35. The saddle 3 is provided with a ram drive unit that can be driven to slide the ram 4 along the Z-axis direction. The ram drive unit includes a Z-axis feed screw 32 and a Z-axis servo motor 33 that rotates and drives the Z-axis feed screw 32 to slide the ram 4 along the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis servo motor 33 is attached to the support base 6. The Z-axis guide rail 31 is fixed to the saddle 3 via a guide rail insert 871. A Z-axis nut 36 is provided on the Z-axis feed screw 32, and a Z-axis nut shell 41 covers the outside of the Z-axis nut 36. The Z-axis nut shell 41 is fixed to a Z-axis nut shell base 45, which is attached to the ram 4 via a Z-axis nut shell base insert 83. The Z-axis nut 36 and the Z-axis feed screw 32 are threadedly engaged to transmit power, and the Z-axis servo motor 33 drives the ram 4 via the Z-axis feed screw 32 so as to cause it to slide back and forth linearly along the Z-axis direction.

[0062] The Z-axis guide rail 31 is located between the retaining plate 35 and the ram connecting groove 34. The contact surface between the retaining plate 35 and the ram guide rail, and the contact surface between the ram connecting groove 34 and the ram guide rail are each provided with a wear-resistant layer 20. The provision of the wear-resistant layer 20 reduces damage to the structure due to friction, extends the service life of the structure, and reduces the amount of heat generated by friction between the structures.

[0063] The contact surface between the wear-resistant layer 20 and the Z-axis guide rail 31 is machined to a precision surface. The precision surface on the pressure plate 35 is a transferred surface of the precision surface of the ram connection groove 34 and is formed by a transfer machining method. The contact surface is ground before the transfer machining to ensure space for filling with guide rail adhesive. The transfer jig has a machined precision surface. When the saddle 3 comes into contact with the precision surface of the transfer jig, the guide rail adhesive is evenly applied to the ground surface of the saddle 3. At this time, the precision of the guide rail adhesive is the same as the precision surface of the transfer jig. The combination of the transfer jig and the guide rail adhesive allows the precision of the precision surface of the transfer jig to be transferred to the saddle 3. This ensures the geometric precision of the saddle 3.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 18, the X-axis nutshell, Y-axis nutshell, and Z-axis nutshell 41 are each covered with a cooling jacket 30. The cooling jacket 30 includes an inner cylinder 301 and an outer cylinder 302, which are integrally fitted together. The inner cylinder 301 and the outer cylinder 302 are connected and fixed with bolts. An annular groove 3011 is machined on the outer wall surface of the inner cylinder 301, and a cooling channel through which a coolant flows is formed between the annular groove 3011 and the inner surface of the outer cylinder 302. The annular groove 3011 provides axial cooling to the nutshell, which directly absorbs heat generated during transmission between the nut and the lead screw. The heat is transferred to the cooling pipe 9 via the outer cylinder 302 and is ultimately absorbed by the coolant in the cooling pipe 9. This significantly improves the heat dissipation performance of the nut and controls the temperature of the nutshell and the lead screw.

[0065] Example 2: The only difference from Example 1 is that the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, table 5 and support base 6 are all formed as castings cast from foam concrete material, and a reinforcing frame is further provided inside the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, table 5 and support base 6 to enhance the strength of the castings. The reinforcing frame is a rebar frame made of steel bars. The shape of the rebar frame is matched to the shape of the corresponding casting.

[0066] Before casting parts such as the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5, a rebar frame is first constructed by tying rebars together, and then the entire rebar frame is hoisted into the mold corresponding to the casting. The rebar frame is positioned in a direction that avoids the metal inserts 8 and cooling pipes 9 inside the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5, and the rebar frame is cast and molded integrally with the casting material.

[0067] Foamed concrete itself has high pressure resistance, and rebar has excellent tensile strength. Therefore, by embedding rebar inside the foamed concrete, the integrally cast casting can combine the pressure resistance of foamed concrete with the tensile properties of rebar. The synergistic effect of the two materials further improves the load-bearing capacity of the casting.

[0068] The porous structure of foam concrete itself has excellent vibration absorption capabilities, reducing the impact of vibration on the relative positional accuracy and geometric accuracy between each casting of a machine tool that performs relative movement.

[0069] A performance comparison was conducted between cast iron, imitation stone, and foam concrete materials, and the results are shown in Table 1. [Table 1]

[0070] Table 1 shows that compared to conventional cast iron materials, imitation stone materials have thermal conductivity that is only 1 / 20 that of cast iron, making them insensitive to short-term changes in environmental temperature. Therefore, when castings such as beds, columns, saddles, rams, tables, and supports of the present application are made from mineral imitation stone materials, the amount of thermal deformation of machine tools using castings made from mineral imitation stone materials is smaller than that of machine tools using gray cast iron parts under the same heat load per unit time. The small amount of deformation of the castings ensures the geometric precision of each casting of the machine tool.

[0071] Mineral imitation stone materials have excellent damping properties, with damping characteristics six to ten times that of cast iron. By using mineral imitation stone materials with excellent damping properties for all castings, including the bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support base, the amplitude of vibration of moving parts and their connecting parts can be reduced. This stabilizes the relative position between adjacent parts, making it less likely for the engagement gap between parts that move relative to each other to fluctuate. By reducing the deformation of machine tool castings and narrowing the engagement gap between parts that move relative to each other, machine tools can maintain stable geometric accuracy, positioning accuracy, and repeatable positioning accuracy even when operated for long periods of time.

[0072] Example 3: The only difference from Example 1 is that, referring to Figures 1 and 19, the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5 are provided with pipe joints at both ends of the cooling pipe 9, respectively. The size of the pipe joints is adapted to the end of the cooling pipe. The pipe joints allow communication between adjacent castings through the cooling pipe. The pipe joints can be selected according to actual requirements and can be connected to the cooling pipe, and are not limited here.

[0073] Pipe fitting inserts 40 are pre-embedded in the bed 1, column 2, saddle 3, ram 4, and table 5. The pipe fitting inserts 40 have cavities that fit the cooling pipes, and the pipe fittings are fixed to the corresponding castings via the pipe fitting inserts. Before casting, the ends of the cooling pipes are inserted into the cavities. Threads are formed on the inner walls of the cavities. A template is attached to the exterior of the casting. Through-holes are formed in the template, and the through-holes are aligned with the central axis of the cavities. Bolts are threaded through the through-holes and screwed into the threads of the cavities, thereby fixing the positions of the cooling pipe ends via the template. The template also prevents the casting material from penetrating the cooling pipes. After casting, the template is removed, and the pipe fittings are attached to the pipe fitting inserts 40 with bolts. The cooling pipes between adjacent castings are connected via pipe fittings, establishing communication with the preceding cooling pipes.

[0074] Performance Test: A connection stiffness test was carried out between the bed and column of each machine tool made of cast iron and Example 1. Tables 2 and 3 show the detection results.

[0075] Measurement method: After assembling the bed and column, referring to Figure 21, fix the bed. The motor drives the feed screw, applying a force of 1000N to different measurement points on the machine tool. A simulated load equivalent to 17000N was applied to the bed, and the deformation amount was measured using a digital indicator made by MAHR of Germany.

[0076] 21 and 22 show the distribution of measurement points, where FIG. 21 is the distribution of measurement points on the front side of the machine tool, and FIG. 22 is the distribution of measurement points on the back side of the machine tool. [Table 2] [Table 3]

[0077] From the comparison results of Tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that when the temperature, measurement point, applied force, and time are the same, the deformation of the casting made with imitation stone material is smaller than that of the casting made with cast iron material. In other words, the rigidity of the casting made with imitation stone material is greater than that of the casting made with cast iron material, which ensures the geometric accuracy of the casting.

[0078] The castings in this application, such as the bed, column, saddle, ram, table, and support, are all made of mineral imitation stone material. In this application, a metal insert is placed inside the imitation stone material. The combination of the metal insert and the imitation stone material ensures that the thermal deformation at each measurement point on the casting is similar, and the entire casting is heated uniformly. This ensures that the thermal deformation levels of each casting in the machine tool are similar, and ensures the geometric accuracy of the machine tool.

[0079] Castings such as beds, columns, saddles, rams, tables, and supports in the present application are all manufactured from mineral imitation stone material. In the present application, metal inserts are placed inside the imitation stone material. The combination of the metal inserts and the imitation stone material provides the machine tool castings with high rigidity after molding, eliminating the problem of reduced tensile and compressive strength of the imitation stone material itself. This extends the service life of each machine tool casting and improves its load-bearing capacity. The machine tool castings are less likely to deform under the influence of external forces, ensuring the geometric and positioning accuracy of each machine tool casting.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced, and such modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0081] 1, bed; 11, Y-axis guide rail; 12, Y-axis feed screw; 13, Y-axis servo motor; 14, adhesive injection hole; 15, Y-axis nut; 16, Y-axis nut shell; 17, Y-axis nut shell base; 2, column; 21, left portal column; 22, right portal column; 23, portal cross beam; 24, X-axis guide rail; 25, X-axis feed screw; 26, X-axis servo motor; 27, exhaust hole; 28, X-axis nut; 3, saddle; 31, Z-axis guide rail; 32, Z-axis feed Screw thread; 33, Z-axis servo motor; 34, ram connection groove; 35, pressure plate; 36, Z-axis nut; 4, ram; 41, Z-axis nut shell; 42, tool spindle; 43, spindle motor; 44, guide rail mounting surface; 45, Z-axis nut shell base; 5, table; 6, support base; 71, first oil supply pipe; 72, first return oil pipe; 73, second oil supply pipe; 74, second return oil pipe; 8, metal insert; 81, motor steel sleeve insert; 811, motor steel sleeve end face; 82, main shaft steel sleeve insert; 821, main shaft steel sleeve end face; 83, Z-axis nut shell base insert; 831, nut shell base mounting surface; 841, anchor bolt insert; 842, bed assembly insert; 843, bed tubular insert; 8431, flange insert; 8432, Y-axis guide rail insert; 851, connection insert; 861, table assembly insert; 862, Y-axis nut shell base insert ;871, guide rail insert;8711, column tubular insert;881, saddle assembly insert;8811, X-axis nut shell insert;88111, shell body;88112, connection block;8812, ram assembly part;9, cooling pipe;91, water supply pipe;92, return water pipe;10, prestressing metal bar insert;20, wear-resistant layer;30, cooling jacket;301, inner cylinder;3011, annular groove;302, outer cylinder;40, pipe fitting insert

Claims

1. A vertical machining center including a bed (1), a column (2), a saddle (3), a ram (4), a table (5) and a support base (6), The bed (1), the column (2), the saddle (3), the ram (4), the table (5) and the support base (6) are all cast from mineral gel material; The bed (1) is provided with a table driving device for driving the table (5) to move along the Y-axis direction on the bed (1); The column (2) is fixed to the bed (1) and has a symmetrical portal structure, including a portal left column (21), a portal right column (22), and a portal cross beam (23), and the portal cross beam (23) is provided with a saddle drive device for driving the saddle (3) to move along the X-axis direction; The saddle (3) is provided with a ram drive device for driving the ram (4) to slide along the Z-axis direction, A vertical machining center characterized in that a tool spindle (42) and a spindle motor (43) capable of driving and operating the tool spindle (42) are attached inside the ram (4).

2. 2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein metal inserts (8) are provided in advance inside the bed (1), the column (2), the saddle (3), the ram (4), the table (5) and the support base (6), respectively, and the metal inserts (8) function as connection ports for attaching other workpieces.

3. The metal insert (8) located in the bed (1) includes an anchor bolt insert (841), a bed assembly insert (842), and a bed tubular insert (843), the anchor bolt insert (841) can form a connection part in the bed after casting, the connection part is used to install an anchor bolt that can support the bed (1), the bed assembly insert (842) has an insert cavity, the inner wall of the insert cavity has a thread structure, and the bed tubular insert (843) can form an adhesive injection hole (14) in the bed, The metal insert (8) located in the column (2) includes a guide rail insert (871), a column assembly insert (8711) and a column tubular insert (8712), the column assembly insert (8711) has an insert cavity formed therein, the inner wall of the insert cavity has a thread structure, and the column tubular insert (8712) can form an exhaust hole (27) in the column; 3. The vertical machining center according to claim 2, wherein a structural adhesive is injected into the joining surfaces of the column (2) and the bed (1) through an adhesive injection hole (14) so ​​as to fix the column (2) and the bed (1) together with the structural adhesive.

4. 2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein a ram connecting groove (34) and a holding plate (35) are arranged on the saddle (3), the ram guide rail is located between the holding plate (35) and the ram connecting groove (34), a wear-resistant layer (20) is provided on the contact surface between the holding plate (35) and the ram guide rail, and on the contact surface between the ram connecting groove (34) and the ram guide rail, respectively, and the contact surface between the wear-resistant layer (20) and the ram guide rail is machined to a precision surface.

5. The table drive device, saddle drive device, and ram drive device all include a feed screw mechanism, and a Y-axis nut shell (16) that engages with the feed screw mechanism is fixed on the table (5), An X-axis nut shell that engages with the feed screw mechanism is fixed on the saddle (3), A Z-axis nut shell that engages with a feed screw mechanism is fixed on the ram (4), A cooling jacket (30) is provided on the outside of each of the X-axis nut shell, the Y-axis nut shell, and the Z-axis nut shell, 2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the saddle (3), the ram (4) and the table (5) are provided with nutshell inserts for mounting nutshells therein.

6. 2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein heat insulating materials are provided on the outer peripheries of the bed (1), the column (2), the saddle (3), the ram (4), the table (5), and the support base (6).

7. 2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein cooling pipes (9) are provided inside each of the bed (1), column (2), saddle (3), ram (4), and table (5).

8. 8. A vertical machining center according to claim 7, characterized in that the interior of the ram (4) is provided with at least two prestressed metal bar inserts (10), which are embedded symmetrically inside the ram (4) in the longitudinal direction of the ram (4).

9. 9. A vertical machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that the cooling piping (9) includes at least two cooling pipes, which are uniformly arranged on both sides of the prestressed metal bar insert (10).

10. 2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein an oil cooling pipe is provided inside the ram (4), the oil cooling pipe including a first oil supply pipe (71) and a first return oil pipe (72) as well as a second oil supply pipe (73) and a second return oil pipe (74), the first oil supply pipe (71) and the first return oil pipe (72) functioning as connection ports for a spindle motor (43) equipped with an oil cooling ring, and the second oil supply pipe (73) and the second return oil pipe (74) functioning as connection ports for a bearing of a tool spindle (42) equipped with an oil cooling ring.

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