Radio frequency devices, antennas and electronic equipment

Abstract

The present application provides a radio frequency device, an antenna, and an electronic device, which belong to the field of communications technology. The radio frequency device of the present application includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a first phase shift structure and a second phase shift structure disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the radio frequency device further including a first connecting electrode and a second connecting electrode, the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure each having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure being electrically connected via the first connecting electrode, and the second end of the first phase shift structure and the second end of the second phase shift structure being electrically connected via the second connecting electrode to form a loop circuit structure.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application is in the field of communications technology, and more particularly, relates to radio frequency devices, antennas, and electronic devices. [Background technology]

[0002] Radio frequency devices are devices that can adjust the phase of microwaves, and are widely used in electronic communication systems, and are the core components of phased array radar, synthetic aperture radar, radar electronic countermeasures, satellite communication, transceivers, etc. Therefore, high-performance radio frequency devices play an important role in these systems. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a radio frequency device, an antenna, and an electronic device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a radio frequency device including a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate arranged opposite each other, and a first phase shift structure and a second phase shift structure arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, wherein the radio frequency device further includes a first connecting electrode and a second connecting electrode, the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure both have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the first connecting electrode, and the second end of the first phase shift structure and the second end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the second connecting electrode to form a loop circuit structure.

[0005] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a first transmission line, a plurality of first patch electrodes spaced apart, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of first patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the first patch electrode is located, and each of the first patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the first transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a second transmission line, a plurality of second patch electrodes spaced apart, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of second patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the second patch electrode is located, and each of the second patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the second transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; The first transmission line and the second transmission line each have a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction, the first end of the first transmission line and the first end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the first connection electrode, and the second end of the first transmission line and the second end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the second connection electrode.

[0006] In some examples, the radio frequency device further includes a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, and a second conductive layer provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate; the first transmission line, the second transmission line, the first connection electrode, and the second connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer.

[0007] In some examples, the radio frequency device further includes a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, a second conductive layer disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate farther from the second dielectric substrate; the first transmission line and the second transmission line are located on the first conductive layer; the plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer; The first connection electrode and the second connection electrode are located on a third conductive layer, the first connection electrode electrically connects a first end of the first transmission line to a first end of the second transmission line through a first connection via that penetrates the first dielectric substrate, and the second connection electrode electrically connects a second end of the first transmission line to a second end of the second transmission line through a second connection via that penetrates the first dielectric substrate.

[0008] In some examples, the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, the first main line is connected to at least one side in the extending direction of the first main line, at least some of the plurality of first branches are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the first patch electrode, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, The second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, the second main line is connected to at least one side in its extension direction, at least some of the plurality of second branches are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second patch electrode, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches and the second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0009] In some examples, the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extending direction thereof, the first branches on both sides are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate, The second main line is connected to the second branches on both sides in its extension direction, and the second branches on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding second branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

[0010] In some examples, the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extension direction thereof, and each of the first branches is provided offset from a connection node of the first main line, and at least some of the first branches have different shapes; The second main line has the second branches connected to both sides in the extension direction thereof, and each of the second branches is provided offset from a connection node of the first main line, and at least some of the first branches have a different shape.

[0011] In some examples, some of the plurality of first branches and the first patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the corresponding first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, and / or Some of the multiple second branches are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second patch electrode, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches and second patch electrodes on the second dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0012] In some examples, the widths of the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode are both greater than the width of the first main line.

[0013] In some examples, the first patch electrodes and the second patch electrodes are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first patch electrodes and second patch electrodes are connected as an integral structure.

[0014] In some examples, the gap between the first transmission line and the second transmission line is smaller than the line width of the first transmission line.

[0015] In some examples, the number of the first phase-shifting units and the second phase-shifting units are both plural, and the radio frequency device further includes a first combiner, a second combiner, a third combiner, and a fourth combiner, wherein the first combiner includes a first main circuit and a plurality of first branch paths electrically connected to the first main circuit, the second combiner includes a second main circuit and a plurality of second branch paths electrically connected to the second main circuit, and the third combiner includes a third main circuit and a plurality of third branch paths electrically connected to the third main circuit. the fourth combiner includes one fourth main circuit and a plurality of fourth branch lines electrically connected to the fourth main circuit, wherein a first end of a first transmission line in each of the first phase-shifting units is connected to a first branch line of the first combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, a second end of a first transmission line in each of the first phase-shifting units is connected to a second branch line of the second combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, a first end of a second transmission line in each of the second phase-shifting units is connected to a third branch line of the third combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, and a second end of a second transmission line in each of the second phase-shifting units is connected to a fourth branch line of the fourth combiner in a one-to-one correspondence; The first main circuit of the first combiner and the third main circuit of the third combiner are electrically connected via the first connection electrode, and the second main circuit of the second combiner and the fourth main circuit of the fourth combiner are electrically connected via the second connection electrode.

[0016] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shift unit includes a first transmission line, a third transmission line, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the third transmission line is located, and the first transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the third transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line, a fourth transmission line, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the fourth transmission line is located, and the second transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the fourth transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; The first transmission line, the second transmission line, the third transmission line, and the fourth transmission line each have a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction, the first end of the first transmission line and the first end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the first connection electrode, and the second end of the third transmission line and the second end of the fourth transmission line are electrically connected via the second connection electrode.

[0017] In some examples, the radio frequency device further includes a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, and a second conductive layer provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate; the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the first connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The third transmission line, the fourth transmission line, and the second connection electrode are all located on the second conductive layer.

[0018] In some examples, the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, and the first branches are connected to the first main line in at least one direction of extension; the second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, and the second main line is connected to the second branches in at least one direction of extension; the third transmission line includes a third main line and a plurality of third branches, and the third main line is connected to the third branches in at least one direction of extension; the fourth transmission line includes a fourth main line and a plurality of fourth branches, and the fourth main line is connected to the fourth branch in at least one direction of extension; One of the first branches at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the third branches on the first dielectric substrate, and one of the second branches at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fourth branches on the first dielectric substrate.

[0019] In some examples, the first branch is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the third branch, and the second branch is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the fourth branch.

[0020] In some examples, the width of the first connection electrode is greater than the width of the first main line, and the width of the second connection electrode is greater than the width of the third main line.

[0021] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a fifth main line, a plurality of fifth branches, a plurality of third patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of fifth branches are connected to one side of the fifth main line in an extending direction thereof, the fifth main line, the plurality of fifth branches, and the plurality of third patch electrodes are all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third patch electrodes and the fifth branches are alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the first variable dielectric layer is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a sixth main line, a plurality of sixth branches, a plurality of fourth patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of sixth branches are connected to one side of the sixth main line in an extending direction thereof, the sixth main line, the plurality of sixth branches, and the plurality of fourth patch electrodes are all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth patch electrodes and the sixth branches are alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the second variable dielectric layer is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; The fifth main line and the sixth main line each include a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite each other along the extension direction, and the first end of the fifth main line and the first end of the sixth main line are electrically connected via a first connection electrode, and the second end of the fifth main line and the second end of the sixth main line are electrically connected via a second connection electrode.

[0022] In some examples, the radio frequency device further includes a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate; The first connecting electrode, the second connecting electrode, the fifth main line, the fifth branch, the third patch electrode, the sixth main line, the sixth branch, and the fourth patch electrode are located on the first conductive layer.

[0023] In some examples, the widths of the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode are greater than the width of the fifth main line.

[0024] In some examples, the first phase-shifting unit further includes a fifth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one of the fifth patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fifth branches on the first dielectric substrate; The second phase-shifting unit further includes a sixth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one of the sixth patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one of the sixth branches on the first dielectric substrate.

[0025] An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna including any of the radio frequency devices described above.

[0026] In some examples, the antenna further includes a third dielectric substrate, a fourth dielectric substrate, a first bonding layer, a second bonding layer, a first radiation electrode, and a second radiation electrode; the third dielectric substrate is provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate that is remote from the second dielectric substrate, the first bonding layer is provided on a side of the third dielectric substrate that is close to the first dielectric substrate, the first radiation electrode is provided on a side of the third dielectric substrate that is remote from the first bonding layer, the first bonding layer has a first opening, and orthogonal projections of any two of the first opening, the first radiation electrode, and the first connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, The fourth dielectric substrate is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, the second bonding layer is provided on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the second radiation electrode is provided on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate away from the second bonding layer, the second bonding layer has a second opening, and orthogonal projections of any two of the second opening, the second radiation electrode, and the second connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0027] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first radiating electrode and a second radiating electrode; the first radiation electrode is provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, and orthogonal projections of the first radiation electrode and the first connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap each other; The second radiation electrode is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, and orthogonal projections of the second radiation electrode and the second connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0028] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first waveguide structure and a second waveguide structure; the first waveguide structure is provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, and a first waveguide opening of the first waveguide structure and an orthogonal projection of the first connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap each other; The second waveguide structure is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, and a second waveguide opening of the second waveguide structure and a positive projection of the second connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap each other.

[0029] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first coupling structure and a second coupling structure, the first coupling structure coupled to the first connecting electrode and the second coupling structure coupled to the second connecting electrode.

[0030] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an antenna comprising a radio frequency device, a reference electrode layer, and a feed structure, the radio frequency device includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a first phase shift structure and a second phase shift structure disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the reference electrode layer being disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate remote from the second dielectric substrate; The radio frequency device further includes a connecting electrode, the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure both have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the connecting electrode, and the second end of the first phase shift structure and the second end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the feeding structure to form a loop circuit structure.

[0031] In some examples, the antenna further includes a fifth dielectric substrate, a coupling layer, and a radiating electrode; The fifth dielectric substrate is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, the coupling layer is provided on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the radiation electrode is provided on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, the coupling layer has an opening, and orthogonal projections of any two of the opening, the connection electrode, and the radiation electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0032] In some examples, the antenna further includes a radiating electrode; The radiation electrode is provided on the second dielectric substrate on a side remote from the first dielectric substrate, and orthogonal projections of the radiation electrode and the connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0033] In some examples, the antenna further comprises a waveguide structure; The waveguide structure is provided on the second dielectric substrate on a side remote from the first dielectric substrate, and a waveguide opening of the waveguide structure at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

[0034] In some examples, the feed structure includes any one of a direct feed structure, a waveguide coupled feed structure, and a microstrip feed structure.

[0035] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a first transmission line, a plurality of first patch electrodes spaced apart, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of first patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the first patch electrode is located, and each of the first patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the first transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a second transmission line, a plurality of second patch electrodes spaced apart, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of second patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the second patch electrode is located, and each of the second patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the second transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; The first transmission line and the second transmission line each have a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction, the first end of the first transmission line and the first end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the connection electrode, and the second end of the first transmission line and the second end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the power supply structure.

[0036] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, and a second conductive layer provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate; the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer.

[0037] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, a second conductive layer disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate farther from the second dielectric substrate; the first transmission line and the second transmission line are located on the first conductive layer; the plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer; The connection electrode is located on a third conductive layer, and the connection electrode electrically connects a first end of the first transmission line and a first end of the second transmission line through a first connection via that penetrates the first dielectric substrate.

[0038] In some examples, the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, the first main line is connected to at least one side in the extending direction of the first main line, at least some of the plurality of first branches and the first patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, The second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, the second main line being connected to at least one side in its extension direction, at least some of the second branches being arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second patch electrode, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0039] In some examples, the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extending direction thereof, the first branches on both sides are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate, The second main line is connected to the second branches on both sides in its extension direction, and the second branches on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding second branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

[0040] In some examples, the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extension direction thereof, and each of the first branches is provided offset from a connection node of the first main line, and at least some of the first branches have different shapes; The second main line has the second branches connected to both sides in the extension direction thereof, and each of the second branches is provided offset from a connection node of the first main line, and at least some of the first branches have a different shape.

[0041] In some examples, some of the plurality of first branches and the first patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the corresponding first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap each other; Some of the multiple second branches are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second patch electrode, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches and second patch electrodes on the second dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0042] In some examples, the width of the connection electrode is greater than the width of the first main line.

[0043] In some examples, the first patch electrodes and the second patch electrodes are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first patch electrodes and second patch electrodes are connected as an integral structure.

[0044] In some examples, the gap between the first transmission line and the second transmission line is smaller than the line width of the first transmission line.

[0045] In some examples, the number of the first phase-shifting units and the second phase-shifting units are both plural, and the radio frequency device further includes a first combiner, a second combiner, a third combiner, and a fourth combiner, wherein the first combiner includes a first main circuit and a plurality of first branch paths electrically connected to the first main circuit, the second combiner includes a second main circuit and a plurality of second branch paths electrically connected to the second main circuit, and the third combiner includes a third main circuit and a plurality of third branch paths electrically connected to the third main circuit. the fourth combiner includes one fourth main circuit and a plurality of fourth branch lines electrically connected to the fourth main circuit, wherein a first end of a first transmission line in each of the first phase-shifting units is connected to a first branch line of the first combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, a second end of a first transmission line in each of the first phase-shifting units is connected to a second branch line of the second combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, a first end of a second transmission line in each of the second phase-shifting units is connected to a third branch line of the third combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, and a second end of a second transmission line in each of the second phase-shifting units is connected to a fourth branch line of the fourth combiner in a one-to-one correspondence; The first main circuit of the first combiner and the third main circuit of the third combiner are electrically connected via the connection electrode, and the second main circuit of the second combiner and the fourth main circuit of the fourth combiner are electrically connected via the power supply structure.

[0046] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shift unit includes a first transmission line, a third transmission line, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the third transmission line is located, and the first transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the third transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line, a fourth transmission line, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the fourth transmission line is located, and the second transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the fourth transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; The first transmission line, the second transmission line, the third transmission line, and the fourth transmission line each have a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite each other in the extension direction, the first end of the first transmission line and the first end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the connection electrode, and the second end of the third transmission line and the second end of the fourth transmission line are electrically connected via the power supply structure.

[0047] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, and a second conductive layer provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate; the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The third transmission line and the fourth transmission line are located on the second conductive layer.

[0048] In some examples, the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, and the first branch is connected to at least one side of the first main line in its extension direction; the second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, and the second branch is connected to at least one side of the second main line in its extension direction; the third transmission line includes a third main line and a plurality of third branches, and the third branch is connected to at least one side of the third main line in its extension direction; the fourth transmission line includes a fourth main line and a plurality of fourth branches, and the fourth branch is connected to at least one side of the fourth main line in its extension direction; one first branch at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the third branches on the first dielectric substrate; and one second branch at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fourth branches on the first dielectric substrate.

[0049] In some examples, the first branch is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the third branch, and the second branch is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the fourth branch.

[0050] In some examples, the width of the connection electrode is greater than the width of the first main line.

[0051] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a fifth main line, a plurality of fifth branches, a plurality of third patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of fifth branches are connected to one side of the fifth main line in an extending direction thereof, the fifth main line, the plurality of fifth branches, and the plurality of third patch electrodes are all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third patch electrodes and the fifth branches are alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the first variable dielectric layer is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a sixth main line, a plurality of sixth branches, a plurality of fourth patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of sixth branches are connected to one side of the sixth main line in an extending direction thereof, the sixth main line, the plurality of sixth branches, and the plurality of fourth patch electrodes are all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth patch electrodes and the sixth branches are alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the second variable dielectric layer is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; The fifth main line and the sixth main line each include a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite each other along the extension direction, and the first end of the fifth main line and the first end of the sixth main line are electrically connected via the connection electrode, and the second end of the fifth main line and the second end of the sixth main line are electrically connected via the power supply structure.

[0052] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate; The connecting electrode, the fifth main line, the fifth branch, the third patch electrode, the sixth main line, the sixth branch, and the fourth patch electrode are located on the first conductive layer.

[0053] In some examples, the width of the connection electrode is greater than the width of the fifth main line.

[0054] In some examples, the first phase-shifting unit further includes a fifth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one of the fifth patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fifth branches on the first dielectric substrate; The second phase-shifting unit further includes a sixth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one of the sixth patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one of the sixth branches on the first dielectric substrate.

[0055] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna including a radio frequency device and a reflective electrode layer, the radio frequency device includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a first phase shift structure and a second phase shift structure disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the reflective electrode layer being disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate remote from the second dielectric substrate; The radio frequency device further includes a connecting electrode, the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure both have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the connecting electrode, and a ring circuit structure is formed by the reflective electrode layer.

[0056] In some examples, the antenna further includes a fifth dielectric substrate, a coupling layer, and a radiating electrode; The fifth dielectric substrate is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, the coupling layer is provided on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the radiation electrode is provided on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, the coupling layer has an opening, and orthogonal projections of any two of the opening, the connection electrode, and the radiation electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0057] In some examples, the antenna further includes a radiating electrode; The radiation electrode is provided on the second dielectric substrate on a side remote from the first dielectric substrate, and orthogonal projections of the radiation electrode and the connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0058] In some examples, the antenna further comprises a waveguide structure; The waveguide structure is provided on the second dielectric substrate on a side remote from the first dielectric substrate, and a waveguide opening of the waveguide structure at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the connection electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

[0059] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a first transmission line, a plurality of first patch electrodes spaced apart, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of first patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the first patch electrode is located, and each of the first patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the first transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a second transmission line, a plurality of second patch electrodes spaced apart, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of second patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the second patch electrode is located, and each of the second patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the second transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; The first transmission line and the second transmission line each have a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction, and the first end of the first transmission line and the first end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the connection electrode.

[0060] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, and a second conductive layer disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate; the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer.

[0061] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, a second conductive layer disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate farther from the second dielectric substrate; the first transmission line and the second transmission line are located on the first conductive layer; the plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer; The connection electrode is located on a third conductive layer, and the connection electrode electrically connects a first end of the first transmission line and a first end of the second transmission line through a first connection via that penetrates the first dielectric substrate.

[0062] In some examples, the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, the first main line is connected to at least one side in the extending direction of the first main line, at least some of the plurality of first branches and the first patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, The second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, the second main line being connected to at least one side in its extension direction, at least some of the second branches being arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second patch electrode, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0063] In some examples, the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extending direction thereof, the first branches on both sides are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate, The second main line is connected to the second branches on both sides in its extension direction, and the second branches on both sides are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding second branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

[0064] In some examples, the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extension direction thereof, and each of the first branches is provided offset from a connection node of the first main line, and at least some of the first branches have different shapes; The second main line has the second branches connected to both sides in the extension direction thereof, and each of the second branches is provided offset from a connection node of the first main line, and at least some of the first branches have a different shape.

[0065] In some examples, some of the plurality of first branches and the first patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the corresponding first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, and / or Some of the multiple second branches are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second patch electrode, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches and second patch electrodes on the second dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0066] In some examples, the width of the connection electrode is greater than the width of the first main line.

[0067] In some examples, the first patch electrodes and the second patch electrodes are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first patch electrodes and second patch electrodes are connected as an integral structure.

[0068] In some examples, the gap between the first transmission line and the second transmission line is smaller than the line width of the first transmission line.

[0069] In some examples, the number of the first phase-shifting units and the second phase-shifting units are both plural, and the radio frequency device further includes a first combiner, a second combiner, a third combiner, and a fourth combiner, wherein the first combiner includes a first main circuit and a plurality of first branch paths electrically connected to the first main circuit, the second combiner includes a second main circuit and a plurality of second branch paths electrically connected to the second main circuit, and the third combiner includes a third main circuit and a plurality of third branch paths electrically connected to the third main circuit. the fourth combiner includes one fourth main circuit and a plurality of fourth branch lines electrically connected to the fourth main circuit, wherein a first end of a first transmission line in each of the first phase-shifting units is connected to a first branch line of the first combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, a second end of a first transmission line in each of the first phase-shifting units is connected to a second branch line of the second combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, a first end of a second transmission line in each of the second phase-shifting units is connected to a third branch line of the third combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, and a second end of a second transmission line in each of the second phase-shifting units is connected to a fourth branch line of the fourth combiner in a one-to-one correspondence; The first main circuit of the first combiner and the third main circuit of the third combiner are electrically connected via the connection electrode, and the second main circuit of the second combiner and the fourth main circuit of the fourth combiner are electrically connected via the power supply structure.

[0070] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shift unit includes a first transmission line, a third transmission line, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the third transmission line is located, and the first transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the third transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line, a fourth transmission line, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the fourth transmission line is located, and the second transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the fourth transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; The first transmission line, the second transmission line, the third transmission line, and the fourth transmission line each have a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction, and the first end of the first transmission line and the first end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the connection electrode.

[0071] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, and a second conductive layer disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate; the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The third transmission line and the fourth transmission line are located on the second conductive layer.

[0072] In some examples, the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, and the first branch is connected to at least one side of the first main line in its extension direction; the second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, and the second branch is connected to at least one side of the second main line in its extension direction; the third transmission line includes a third main line and a plurality of third branches, and the third branch is connected to at least one side of the third main line in its extension direction; the fourth transmission line includes a fourth main line and a plurality of fourth branches, and the fourth branch is connected to at least one side of the fourth main line in its extension direction; one first branch at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the third branches on the first dielectric substrate; and one second branch at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fourth branches on the first dielectric substrate.

[0073] In some examples, the first branch is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the third branch, and the second branch is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the fourth branch.

[0074] In some examples, the width of the connection electrode is greater than the width of the first main line.

[0075] In some examples, the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a fifth main line, a plurality of fifth branches, a plurality of third patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of fifth branches are connected to one side of the fifth main line in an extending direction thereof, the fifth main line, the plurality of fifth branches, and the plurality of third patch electrodes are all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third patch electrodes and the fifth branches are alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the first variable dielectric layer is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a sixth main line, a plurality of sixth branches, a plurality of fourth patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of sixth branches are connected to one side of the sixth main line in an extending direction thereof, the sixth main line, the plurality of sixth branches, and the plurality of fourth patch electrodes are all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth patch electrodes and the sixth branches are alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the second variable dielectric layer is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; The fifth main line and the sixth main line each include a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite each other along the extension direction, and the first end of the fifth main line and the first end of the sixth main line are electrically connected via the connection electrode.

[0076] In some examples, the antenna further includes a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate; The connecting electrode, the fifth main line, the fifth branch, the third patch electrode, the sixth main line, the sixth branch, and the fourth patch electrode are located on the first conductive layer.

[0077] In some examples, the width of the connection electrode is greater than the width of the fifth main line. In some examples, the first phase-shifting unit further includes a fifth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one of the fifth patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fifth branches on the first dielectric substrate; The second phase-shifting unit further includes a sixth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one of the sixth patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one of the sixth branches on the first dielectric substrate.

[0078] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device including any of the antennas described above. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0079] [Figure 1] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] 2 is a schematic diagram of a first transmission line and a second transmission line in the phase shifter shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 3] 2 is a schematic diagram of a first patch electrode and a second patch electrode in the phase shifter shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA′ in FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of BB′ in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of film layers of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another film layer of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] 9 is a schematic diagram of a first transmission line and a second transmission line in the phase shifter shown in FIG. 8. FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13] 13 is a schematic diagram of a first transmission line and a second transmission line in the phase shifter shown in FIG. 12. FIG. [Figure 14] 13 is a schematic diagram of a third transmission line and a fourth transmission line in the phase shifter shown in FIG. 12. FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 17] 1 is a schematic diagram of a film layer of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 17. [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 21. [Figure 23] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 24] 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 25] 25 is a flowchart of scanning the antenna array shown in FIG. 24. [Figure 26] 1 is a schematic diagram of a film layer of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 26. [Figure 28] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna employing direct feeding in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 29] 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna employing a waveguide coupling feed in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 30] 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna employing a microstrip coupled feed in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 31] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 32] FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 31. [Figure 33] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 34] FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 31. [Figure 35] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 36] FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 35. [Figure 37] 1 is a schematic diagram of a film layer of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 38]38 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 37. [Figure 39] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 40] FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 39. [Figure 41] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 42] FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 41. [Figure 43] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a membrane layer of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 44] FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 43. [Figure 45] 3 is a schematic diagram of each element on a second dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. [Figure 46] 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views of elements on a second dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0080] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below in combination with drawings and specific embodiments.

[0081] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein have the common meaning as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the field to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but merely serve to distinguish between different components. Similarly, similar terms such as "one," "an," or "the" do not denote a quantitative limitation but indicate the presence of at least one. Similar terms such as "comprise" or "comprises" mean that the element or item preceding the term is inclusive of the elements or items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof, without excluding other elements or items. Similar terms such as "connect" or "couple" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to denote relative positions, and if the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positions may change accordingly.

[0082] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a radio frequency device, and in this embodiment, the radio frequency device is a phase shifter. FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the phase shifter of the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, the phase shifter includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, a first phase shift structure 11, a second phase shift structure 12, a first connecting electrode 41, and a second connecting electrode 42. Here, the first phase shift structure 11 and the second phase shift structure 12 are both disposed between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20. The first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second phase-shifting structure 12 both have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the first end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 are electrically connected via a first connecting electrode 41, and the second end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 are electrically connected via a second connecting electrode 42 to form a loop circuit structure, and the transmission directions of the microwave signals of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second phase-shifting structure 12 are opposite.

[0083] In addition, the first phase shift structure 11 and the second phase shift structure 12 are electrically connected via the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 to form a loop circuit structure of the phase shifter, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the transmission directions of the microwave signals of the first phase shift structure 11 and the second phase shift structure 12 are opposite. In this case, there may be multiple relative positional relationships between the first phase shift structure 11 and the second phase shift structure 12. Figure 1 only shows an example in which the first end (right end) of the first phase shift structure 11 and the first end (right end) of the second phase shift structure 12 are arranged side by side, and the second end (left end) of the first phase shift structure 11 and the second end (left end) of the second phase shift structure 12 are arranged side by side.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present application, the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second phase-shifting structure 12 in the phase shifter form a loop circuit structure using the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42. In this case, when the phase shifter is applied to an antenna, the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 can be used as the power supply structure 200. This allows the phase shifter and the radiation structure in the antenna to be connected compactly, which helps in designing a more compact antenna.

[0085] In some examples, the first phase-shift structure 11 includes one or more first phase-shift units, and the second phase-shift structure 12 includes one or more second phase-shift units. When the number of first phase-shift units is one, the first end and the second end of the first phase-shift unit are used as the first end and the second end of the first phase-shift structure 11, respectively. When the number of first phase-shift units is multiple, the first ends of the multiple first phase-shift units are connected together as the first end of the first phase-shift structure 11, and the second ends of the multiple first phase-shift units are connected together as the second end of the first phase-shift structure 11. Similarly, when the number of second phase-shift units is one, the first end and the second end of the second phase-shift unit are used as the first end and the second end of the second phase-shift structure 12, respectively. When the number of second phase-shifting units is multiple, in the case of multiple second phase-shifting units, the first ends of the multiple second phase-shifting units are connected together as the first end of the second phase-shifting structure 12, and the second ends of the multiple second phase-shifting units are connected together as the second end of the second phase-shifting structure 12.

[0086] 2 is a schematic diagram of the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 in the phase shifter shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode in the phase shifter shown in FIG. 1 , and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA′ in FIG. 1 . As shown in a combination of FIGS. 2 to 4 , any first phase-shifting unit may include a first transmission line 110, a plurality of spaced-apart first patch electrodes 21, and a first variable dielectric layer 31. Here, the first transmission line 110 is provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, the plurality of spaced-apart first patch electrodes 21 are provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and the first variable dielectric layer 31 is provided between the layer on which the first transmission line 110 is located and the layer on which the plurality of spaced-apart first patch electrodes 21 are located. Each of the multiple first patch electrodes 21 overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the first transmission line 110 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The first variable dielectric layer 31 may include, but is not limited to, a first liquid crystal layer 30 made of liquid crystal molecules. In the embodiment of the present application, the first variable dielectric layer 31 is taken to be the first liquid crystal layer 30 as an example. A first bias voltage is applied to the first transmission line 110 via a first driving line 51, and a second bias voltage is applied to each first patch electrode 21 via a second driving line 52. This forms an electric field between the first transmission line 110 and the first patch electrode 21, deflecting and driving the liquid crystal molecules therebetween, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the first liquid crystal layer 30 and adjusting the phase of the transmitted microwave signal.

[0087] 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB' in FIG. 1. As shown in a combination of FIGS. 2, 3, and 5, an arbitrary second phase-shifting unit may include a second transmission line 120, a plurality of spaced-apart second patch electrodes 22, and a second variable dielectric layer 32. Here, the second transmission line 120 is provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, the plurality of spaced-apart second patch electrodes 22 are provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and the second variable dielectric layer 32 is provided between the layer on which the second transmission line 120 is located and the layer on which the plurality of spaced-apart second patch electrodes 22 are located. All of the plurality of second patch electrodes 22 overlap with the orthogonal projection of the second transmission line 120 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The second variable dielectric layer 32 may include, but is not limited to, a second liquid crystal layer 30 made of liquid crystal molecules. When the second variable dielectric layer 32 employs a second liquid crystal layer 30 made of liquid crystal molecules, the second liquid crystal layer 30 may be located in the same liquid crystal layer 30 as the first liquid crystal layer 30. In the embodiment of the present application, the second variable dielectric layer 32 is the second liquid crystal layer 30 as an example. A first bias voltage is applied to the second transmission line 120 via the first driving line 51, and a second bias voltage is applied to each second patch electrode 22 via the second driving line 52. The electric field formed between the second transmission line 120 and the second patch electrode 22 deflects and drives the liquid crystal molecules therebetween, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the second liquid crystal layer 30 and adjusting the phase of the transmitted microwave signal.

[0088] In the above situation, the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 each have a first end and a second end arranged opposite each other along the extension direction, the first connection electrode 41 electrically connects the first end of the first transmission line 110 to the first end of the second transmission line 120, and the second connection electrode 42 electrically connects the second end of the first transmission line 110 to the second end of the second transmission line 120.

[0089] The extension direction of the first transmission line 110 refers to the extension direction of its main body, in other words, the length direction of the first transmission line 110, i.e., the extension direction of the first transmission line 110. Similarly, the extension direction of the second transmission line 120 refers to the extension direction of its main body, in other words, the length direction of the second transmission line 120, i.e., the extension direction of the second transmission line 120.

[0090] In some examples, the first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, the first patch electrode 21, and the second patch electrode 22 may be made of a metal material, such as copper. The first drive line 51 that applies a first bias voltage to the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 may be made of a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide. The second drive line 52 that applies a second bias voltage to the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 may be made of a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide.

[0091] Furthermore, the first driving line 51 may be provided on the side closer to the first dielectric substrate 10 of the layer on which the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 are located, and the second driving line 52 may be provided on the side closer to the second dielectric substrate 20 of the layer on which the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are located.

[0092] Furthermore, in order to prevent the first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, the first patch electrode 21, and the second patch electrode 22 from contacting the liquid crystal layer 30 made of liquid crystal molecules, a first protective layer is formed on the side of the layer where the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 are located that is remote from the first dielectric substrate 10, and a second protective layer is formed on the side of the layer where the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are located that is remote from the second dielectric substrate 20. In addition, in order to maintain the cell thickness of the liquid crystal layer 30, it is also necessary to form a spacer PS between the first protective layer and the second protective layer.

[0093] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a film layer of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the phase shifter includes a first conductive layer 1 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20 and a second conductive layer 2 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10. The first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, the first connection electrode 41, and the second connection electrode 42 are located on the first conductive layer 1. The first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are located on the second conductive layer 2. That is, the first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, the first connection electrode 41, and the second connection electrode 42 are located on the same layer and made of the same material. The first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are located on the same layer and made of the same material. This helps to reduce the thickness of the phase shifter.

[0094] In another example, FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another film layer of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, the phase shifter includes a first conductive layer 1 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, a second conductive layer 2 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and a third conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 farther from the second dielectric substrate 20. Here, a first transmission line 110 and a second transmission line 120 are located on the first conductive layer 1. A first patch electrode 21 and a second patch electrode 22 are located on the second conductive layer 2. A first connection electrode 41 and a second connection electrode 42 are located on the third conductive layer. In this case, the first connection electrode 41 electrically connects a first end of the first transmission line 110 to a first end of the second transmission line 120 via two first connection via holes penetrating the first dielectric substrate 10. The second connection electrode 42 electrically connects the second end of the first transmission line 110 to the second end of the second transmission line 120 via two second connection vias that penetrate the first dielectric substrate 10. That is, the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 are provided in the same layer and made of the same material, the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are provided in the same layer and made of the same material, and the first connection electrode 41 and the second connection electrode 42 are provided in the same layer and made of the same material. In this situation, the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 can be formed in a single patterning step, the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 can be formed in a single patterning step, and the first connection electrode 41 and the second connection electrode 42 can be formed in a single patterning step.

[0095] Furthermore, in order to increase the overlapping area between the first transmission line 110 and the first patch electrode 21 and the overlapping area between the second transmission line 120 and the second patch electrode 22, the following technical solution is provided.

[0096] 2 and 3, the first transmission line 110 includes a first main line 111 and a plurality of first branches 112. The second transmission line 120 includes a second main line 121 and a plurality of second branches 122. The first main line 111 and the second main line 121 have first and second ends that are provided opposite to each other in the extension direction. The first and second ends of the first main line 111 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the first transmission line 110, and the first and second ends of the second main line 121 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the second transmission line 120. The first branches 112 are connected to the first main line 111 on at least one side in the extension direction. At least some of the multiple first branches 112 and the first patch electrode 21 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches 112 and the first patch electrode 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap. The second main line 121 is connected to a second branch 122 on at least one side in the extension direction. At least some of the multiple second branches 122 and the second patch electrode 22 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches 122 and the second patch electrode 22 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap.

[0097] 1 to 3 , the first main line 111 of the first transmission line 110 has first branches 112 on both sides in the extension direction thereof, the first branches 112 on both sides being provided in correspondence with each other, and the corresponding first branches 112 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10. Similarly, the second main line 121 of the second transmission line 120 has second branches 122 on both sides in the extension direction thereof, the second branches 122 on both sides being provided in one-to-one correspondence with each other, and the corresponding second branches 122 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode 22 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0098] In another example, Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first transmission line 110 and a second transmission line 120 in the phase shifter shown in Fig. 8. As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, in this phase shifter, a first main line 111 of the first transmission line 110 has first branches 112 on both sides in the extension direction of the first main line 111, and each first branch 112 is offset from a connection node of the first main line 111 (one connection position is equivalent to one connection node). In other words, the first branches 112 connected to both sides in the extension direction of the first main line 111 are offset and do not correspond to each other. At least a portion of the multiple first branches 112 overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the first patch electrode 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10. Similarly, the second main line 121 of the second transmission line 120 has second branches 122 on both sides in the extension direction thereof, and each second branch 122 is arranged offset from the connection node of the second main line 121 (one connection position is equivalent to one connection node), that is, the second branches 122 connected to both sides in the extension direction of the second main line 121 are arranged offset and do not correspond to each other. At least a portion of the multiple second branches 122 overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the second patch electrode 22 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0099] 8, for example, only some of the first branches 112 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the first patch electrodes 21, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches 112 and the first patch electrodes 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap. Similarly, only some of the second branches 122 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the second patch electrodes 22, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches 122 and the second patch electrodes 22 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap.

[0100] 8, the shape of at least a part of the first branch 112 connected to the first main line 111 is different. Similarly, the shape of at least a part of the second branch 122 connected to the second main line 121 is different. In such a situation, by adjusting the first branch 112 and the second branch 122, the capacitance formed by the first branch 112 and the first patch electrode 21 and the capacitance formed by the second branch 122 and the second patch electrode 22 can be made equivalent to a variable capacitance, thereby adjusting the phase shift amount of the phase shifter.

[0101] Although FIG. 9 shows only a few types of shapes of the first branch 112 and the second branch 122, this does not constitute a limitation on the shapes of the first branch 112 and the second branch 122 in the embodiments of the present application.

[0102] In some examples, in any of the above structures, the widths of the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 are smaller than the line width of the first main line 111 of the first transmission line 110. By selecting the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 with appropriate widths, it is possible to effectively improve the coupling efficiency of microwave signals and reduce transmission loss of an antenna to which the phase shifter is applied.

[0103] The widths of the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 may or may not be equal. In the embodiments of the present application, the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 are assumed to be equal in width. The line width of the second main line 121 of the second transmission line 120 may be equal to the line width of the first main line 111 of the first transmission line 110, and of course, the line width of the second main line 121 does not have to be equal to the line width of the first main line 111, but the widths of the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 are both smaller than the line width of the second main line 121. In the embodiments of the present application, the line widths of the first main line 111 and the second main line 121 are assumed to be equal in width.

[0104] In some examples, Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 10, in this phase shifter, the first patch electrode 21 of the first phase-shifting unit and the second patch electrode 22 of the second phase-shifting unit are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first patch electrode 21 and second patch electrode 22 are connected as an integral structure.

[0105] 10 , the number of the first phase-shift unit and the number of the second phase-shift unit are both one, and in this case, the gap between the first transmission line 110 in the first phase-shift unit and the second transmission line 120 in the second phase-shift unit is smaller than the line width of the first transmission line 110. In this situation, a strong coupling is formed between the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120.

[0106] Furthermore, since the spacing between the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 is short, in order to ensure that the dimensions of the first connection electrode 41 and the second connection electrode 42 satisfy the power supply conditions, in this case, a first end of the first transmission line 110 is electrically connected to the first connection electrode 41 via a first extension band, and a second end of the first transmission line 110 is electrically connected to the second connection electrode 42 via a second extension band. Similarly, a first end of the second transmission line 120 is electrically connected to the first connection electrode 41 via a third extension band, and a second end of the second transmission line 120 is electrically connected to the second connection electrode 42 via a fourth extension band.

[0107] In some examples, Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 11, in this phase shifter, the number of first phase-shifting units and second phase-shifting units is plural, and the phase shifter not only includes the above structure but also includes a first combiner 61, a second combiner 62, a third combiner 63, and a fourth combiner 64, where the first combiner 61 includes a first main circuit and a plurality of first branch paths electrically connected to the first main circuit, the second combiner 62 includes a second main circuit and a plurality of second branch paths electrically connected to the second main circuit, the third combiner 63 includes a third main circuit and a plurality of third branch paths electrically connected to the third main circuit, and the fourth combiner 64 includes a fourth main circuit and a plurality of fourth main circuits electrically connected to the fourth main circuit, and each A first end of the first transmission line 110 in each first phase-shift unit is connected to a first branch path of the first combiner 61 in a one-to-one correspondence, a second end of the first transmission line 110 in each first phase-shift unit is connected to a second branch path of the second combiner 62 in a one-to-one correspondence, a first end of the second transmission line 120 in each second phase-shift unit is connected to a third branch path of the third combiner 63 in a one-to-one correspondence, a second end of the second transmission line 120 in each second phase-shift unit is connected to a fourth branch path of the fourth combiner 64 in a one-to-one correspondence, the first main circuit of the first combiner 61 and the third main circuit of the third combiner 63 are electrically connected via a first connecting electrode 41, and the second main circuit of the second combiner 62 and the fourth main circuit of the fourth combiner 64 are electrically connected via a second connecting electrode 42.

[0108] 11, the phase shifter includes two first and two second phase-shifting units, the first phase-shifting unit includes a first transmission line 110 and a first patch electrode 21, and the second phase-shifting unit includes a second transmission line 120 and a second patch electrode 22. The first combiner 61, the second combiner 62, the third combiner 63, and the fourth combiner 64 can all be one-input, two-output power dividers, such as balun combiners.

[0109] In some examples, Fig. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application, Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a first transmission line 110 and a second transmission line 120 in the phase shifter shown in Fig. 12, and Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a third transmission line 210 and a fourth transmission line 220 in the phase shifter shown in Fig. 12. As shown in Figs. 12 to 14, in the phase shifter, the first phase shift section includes the first transmission line 110, the third transmission line 210, and a first variable dielectric layer 31. The first transmission line 110 is provided on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, the third transmission line 210 is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, the first variable dielectric layer 31 is provided between the layer on which the first transmission line 110 is located and the layer on which the third transmission line 210 is located, and the first transmission line 110 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the third transmission line 210 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line 120, a fourth transmission line 220, and a second variable dielectric layer 32, the second transmission line 120 being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, the fourth transmission line 220 being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, the second variable dielectric layer 32 being provided between the layer on which the second transmission line 120 is located and the layer on which the fourth transmission line 220 is located, and the second transmission line 120 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the fourth transmission line 220 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, the third transmission line 210, and the fourth transmission line 220 each have a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite each other in the extension direction, and the first end of the first transmission line 110 and the first end of the second transmission line 120 are electrically connected via a first connection electrode 41, and the second end of the third transmission line 210 and the second end of the fourth transmission line 220 are electrically connected via a second connection electrode 42.

[0110] As in the above example, the first variable dielectric layer 31 and the second variable dielectric layer 32 in this example may both be made of liquid crystal molecules, and therefore both may be the liquid crystal layer 30.

[0111] The phase shifter further includes a first conductive layer 1 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, and a second conductive layer 2 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10. Here, the first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, and the first connecting electrode 41 are located on the first conductive layer 1, and the third transmission line 210, the fourth transmission line 220, and the second connecting electrode 42 are located on the second conductive layer 2. In other words, the first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, and the first connecting electrode 41 are provided on the same layer and made of the same material, and the third transmission line 210, the fourth transmission line 220, and the second connecting electrode 42 are provided on the same layer and made of the same material. This helps to reduce the thickness of the phase shifter. Of course, the first connection electrode 41 may be provided on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the second dielectric substrate 20, in which case the first connection electrode 41 may be electrically connected to the first end of the first transmission line 110 and the first end of the second transmission line 120 via via holes that penetrate the first dielectric substrate 10. Similarly, the second connection electrode 42 may be provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, in which case the second connection electrode 42 may be electrically connected to the second end of the third transmission line 210 and the second end of the fourth transmission line 220 via via holes that penetrate the second dielectric substrate 20.

[0112] In some examples, the structures of the first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, the third transmission line 210, and the fourth transmission line 220 are designed to increase the overlapping area between the first transmission line 110 and the third transmission line 210, and the overlapping area between the second transmission line 120 and the fourth transmission line 220.

[0113] Specifically, the first transmission line 110 includes a first main line 111 and a plurality of first branches 112, and the first branches 112 are connected to the first main line 111 on at least one side in the extension direction thereof. The first main line 111 has a first end and a second end provided opposite to each other along the extension direction thereof, and the first end of the first main line 111 is used as the first end of the first transmission line 110; that is, the first end of the first main line 111 is electrically connected to the first connection electrode 41.

[0114] The second transmission line 120 includes a second main line 121 and a plurality of second branches 122, and the second main line 121 is connected to the second branches 122 on at least one side in the extension direction thereof. The second main line 121 has a first end and a second end provided opposite each other along the extension direction thereof, and the second end of the second main line 121 is used as the second end of the second transmission line 120; that is, the second end of the second main line 121 is electrically connected to the second connection electrode 42.

[0115] The third transmission line 210 includes a third main line 211 and a plurality of third branches 212, and the third main line 211 is connected to the third branches 212 on at least one side in the extension direction thereof. The third main line 211 has a first end and a second end provided opposite each other along the extension direction thereof, and the first end of the third main line 211 is used as the first end of the third transmission line 210; that is, the first end of the third main line 211 is electrically connected to the first connection electrode 41.

[0116] The fourth transmission line 220 includes a fourth main line 221 and a plurality of fourth branches 222, and the fourth branches 222 are connected to at least one side of the fourth main line 221 in the extension direction. The fourth main line 221 has a first end and a second end provided opposite each other along the extension direction, and the second end of the fourth main line 221 is used as the second end of the fourth transmission line 220; that is, the second end of the fourth main line 221 is electrically connected to the second connection electrode 42.

[0117] Here, one first branch 112 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one third branch 212 on the first dielectric substrate 10, and one second branch 122 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one fourth branch 222 on the first dielectric substrate 10. For example, first branches 112 are connected to both sides of the first main line 111 in the extension direction, and the first branches 112 on both sides are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, third branches 212 are connected to both sides of the third main line 211 in the extension direction, and the third branches 212 on both sides are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and the first branches 112 and the third branches 212 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches 112 and third branches 212 on the first dielectric substrate 10 completely overlap. Similarly, second branches 122 are connected to both sides of the second main line 121 in the extension direction, and the second branches 122 on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, fourth branches 222 are connected to both sides of the fourth main line 221 in the extension direction, and the fourth branches 222 on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the second branches 122 and the fourth branches 222 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches 122 and fourth branches 222 on the first dielectric substrate 10 completely overlap.

[0118] Furthermore, the widths of the first main line 111 and the third main line 211 are equal or approximately equal, and the width of the first connecting electrode 41 is greater than the width of the first main line 111. The widths of the second main line 121 and the fourth main line 221 are equal or approximately equal, and the width of the second connecting electrode 42 is greater than the width of the second main line 121. By selecting the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 with appropriate widths, it is possible to effectively improve the coupling efficiency of microwave signals and reduce transmission loss in an antenna to which the phase shifter is applied.

[0119] 12 to 14 only show an example in which the first main line 111, the second main line 121, the third main line 211, and the fourth main line 221 have the same width, but in an actual product, the first main line 111, the second main line 121, the third main line 211, and the fourth main line 221 do not have to have the same width and may be specifically designed according to specific product requirements. Similarly, while Figures 12 to 14 only show an example in which the first connection electrode 41 and the second connection electrode 42 have the same width, in an actual product, the first connection electrode 41 and the second connection electrode 42 do not have to have the same width and may be specifically designed according to specific product requirements.

[0120] In some examples, Figure 15 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 15, the first phase shift unit includes a fifth main line 113, a plurality of fifth branches 114, a plurality of third patch electrodes 115, and a first variable dielectric layer 31. The plurality of fifth branches 114 are connected to one side of the fifth main line 113 in the extending direction. The fifth main line 113, the plurality of fifth branches 114, and the plurality of third patch electrodes 115 are all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20. The third patch electrodes 115 and the fifth branches 114 are alternately projected on the first dielectric substrate 10. The first variable dielectric layer 31 is provided between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20. In this situation, a first bias voltage is applied to the fifth main line 113, and a second bias voltage is applied to the third patch electrode 115. At this time, an electric field is formed between the fifth branch 114 and the third patch electrode 115, and the dielectric constant of the first variable dielectric layer 31 is changed, thereby realizing a phase shift of the microwave signal.

[0121] The second phase-shift unit includes a sixth main line 123, a plurality of sixth branches 124, a plurality of fourth patch electrodes 125, and a first variable dielectric layer 31. The plurality of sixth branches 124 are connected to one side of the sixth main line 123 in the extending direction. The sixth main line 123, the plurality of sixth branches 124, and the plurality of fourth patch electrodes 125 are all disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20. The fourth patch electrodes 125 and the sixth branches 124 are alternately disposed as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate 10. The second variable dielectric layer 32 is disposed between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20. In this situation, a first bias voltage is applied to the sixth main line 123, and a second bias voltage is applied to the fourth patch electrode 125. An electric field is formed between the sixth branch 124 and the fourth patch electrode 125, which changes the dielectric constant of the second variable dielectric layer 32, thereby realizing a phase shift of the microwave signal.

[0122] Here, the fifth main line 113 and the sixth main line 123 each include a first end and a second end provided opposite to each other along the extension direction, and the first end and the second end of the fifth main line 113 are used as the first end and the second end of the first phase-shifting unit, respectively, and the first end and the second end of the sixth main line 123 are used as the first end and the second end of the second phase-shifting unit, respectively. That is, the first end of the fifth main line 113 and the first end of the sixth main line 123 are electrically connected via the first connection electrode 41, and the second end of the fifth main line 113 and the second end of the sixth main line 123 are electrically connected via the second connection electrode 42.

[0123] In some examples, the phase shifter includes a first conductive layer 1 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, and the fifth main line 113, the fifth branch 114, the third patch electrode 115, the sixth main line 123, the sixth branch 124, the fourth patch electrode 125, the first connecting electrode 41, and the second connecting electrode 42 are all located on the first conductive layer 1. That is, the fifth main line 113, the fifth branch 114, the third patch electrode 115, the sixth main line 123, the sixth branch 124, the fourth patch electrode 125, the first connecting electrode 41, and the second connecting electrode 42 are located on the same layer. This design helps to reduce the thickness of the phase shifter, simplifies the manufacturing process, and reduces production costs.

[0124] In some examples, the width of the fifth main line 113 is equal to or approximately equal to the width of the sixth main line 123. The widths of the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 are both greater than the width of the fifth main line 113. By selecting the appropriate widths of the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42, it is possible to effectively improve the coupling efficiency of microwave signals and reduce transmission loss in an antenna using the phase shifter. Note that the widths of the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 may or may not be equal, and the widths of the fifth main line 113 and the sixth main line 123 may or may not be equal. In the embodiments of the present application, only the cases in which the widths of the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 are equal and the widths of the fifth main line 113 and the sixth main line 123 are equal are shown as examples, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application.

[0125] In some examples, Fig. 16 is a structural schematic diagram of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 16, the phase shifter differs from the phase shifter shown in Fig. 15 in that the first phase-shifting unit in this phase shifter not only includes the above-described configuration but also includes a plurality of fifth patch electrodes 23 provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and the second phase-shifting unit not only includes the above-described configuration but also includes a plurality of sixth patch electrodes 24 provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10. Here, one fifth patch electrode 23 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one fifth branch 114 on the first dielectric substrate 10. One sixth patch electrode 24 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one sixth branch 124 on the first dielectric substrate 10. In this situation, when a first bias voltage is applied to the fifth main line 113 and the sixth main line 123, a second bias voltage is applied to the third patch electrode 115 and the fourth patch electrode 125, and a third bias voltage is applied to the fifth patch electrode 23 and the sixth patch electrode 24, the fifth branch can form a horizontal electric field with the third patch electrode 115 and a vertical electric field with the fifth patch electrode 23, the first variable dielectric layer 31 changes its dielectric constant under the driving of the mixed electric field, the sixth branch can form a horizontal electric field with the fourth patch electrode 125 and a vertical electric field with the sixth patch electrode 24, and the second variable dielectric layer 32 changes its dielectric constant under the driving of the mixed electric field, thereby realizing phase adjustment of the microwave signal. Here, the first variable dielectric layer 31 and the second variable dielectric layer 32 both use a liquid crystal molecular structure and may be the same layer.

[0126] The above shows only a few exemplary phase shifter structures, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the embodiments of the present application, and all phase shifters in which the first phase shift structure 11, the second phase shift structure 12, the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 form a loop circuit structure are within the scope of the claims of the embodiments of the present application.

[0127] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna including the phase shifter described above. Here, the first connecting electrode 41 and the second connecting electrode 42 in the phase shifter are used not only as the feeding structure 200 but also as the radiation electrode 83. The antenna in the embodiment of the present application not only has a simple structure but also reduces loss. At the same time, the first phase shifting structure 11, the second phase shifting structure 12, the first connecting electrode 41, and the second connecting electrode 42 in the phase shifter form a loop circuit structure, which effectively avoids mutual coupling problems between units when the antenna is used in an antenna array.

[0128] The antenna in the embodiment of the present application will be described below by combining specific examples. Here, in the following example, the structure of the phase shifter will be taken as an example only, in which the phase shifter shown in FIG. 1 is adopted. Here, the first phase-shifting structure 11 includes one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure 12 includes only one second phase-shifting structure 12. Here, the first phase-shift unit includes a first transmission line 110 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, a plurality of first patch electrodes 21 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and a first variable dielectric layer 31 provided between the layer on which the first transmission line 110 is located and the layer on which the first patch electrode 21 is located, while the second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line 120 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, a plurality of second patch electrodes 22 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and a second variable dielectric layer 32 provided between the layer on which the second transmission line 120 is located and the layer on which the second patch electrode 22 is located. Specifically, the first transmission line 110 includes a first main line 111 and a plurality of first branches 112. The second transmission line 120 includes a second main line 121 and a plurality of second branches 122. The first main line 111 and the second main line 121 have first and second ends arranged opposite to each other in the direction of extension. The first and second ends of the first main line 111 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the first transmission line 110, and the first and second ends of the second main line 121 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the second transmission line 120. The first main line 111 of the first transmission line 110 has first branches 112 on both sides in the direction of extension, and the first branches 112 on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first branches 112 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10. Similarly, the second main line 121 of the second transmission line 120 has second branches 122 on both sides in the extending direction thereof, and the second branches 122 on both sides are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding second branches 122 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode 22 on the first dielectric substrate 10. However, any of the above-mentioned optional phase shifters may be applied to the antennas of the embodiments of the present application, and will not be listed here one by one.

[0129] First Example: Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of film layers of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers of the antenna shown in Fig. 17. As shown in Figs. 17 and 18, the antenna is a transmission antenna including a phase shifter, a third dielectric substrate 40, a fourth dielectric substrate 50, a first coupling layer 73, a second coupling layer 73, a first radiation electrode 81, and a second radiation electrode 82. The third dielectric substrate 40 is provided on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 of the phase shifter that is remote from the second dielectric substrate 20, the first coupling layer 73 is provided on the side of the third dielectric substrate 40 that is closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and the first radiation electrode 81 is provided on the side of the third dielectric substrate 40 that is remote from the first dielectric substrate 10. The fourth dielectric substrate 50 is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, the second bonding layer 72 is provided on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 20 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, and the second radiation electrode 82 is provided on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 50 away from the second dielectric substrate 20. The first bonding layer 71 has a first opening, and the second bonding layer 72 has a second opening. Any two of the first opening, the first connecting electrode 41, and the first radiation electrode 81 at least partially overlap in orthogonal projection on the first dielectric substrate 10, and any two of the second opening, the second connecting electrode 42, and the second radiation electrode 82 at least partially overlap in orthogonal projection on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0130] 17 , the antenna includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, a third dielectric substrate 40, a fourth dielectric substrate 50, a first conductive layer 1, a second conductive layer 2, a fourth conductive layer 4, a fifth conductive layer 5, a sixth conductive layer 6, and a seventh conductive layer 7. Here, the first conductive layer 1 includes a first transmission line 110, a second transmission line 120, a first connecting electrode 41, and a second connecting electrode 42 of the phase shifter, the second conductive layer 2 includes a first patch electrode 21 and a second patch electrode 22 of the phase shifter, the fourth conductive layer 4 includes a first coupling layer 71, the fifth conductive layer 5 includes a first radiation electrode 81, the sixth conductive layer 6 includes a second coupling layer 72, and the seventh conductive layer 7 includes a second radiation electrode 82.

[0131] In some examples, the first radiation electrode 81 and the second radiation electrode 82 may both be patch electrodes of any shape, and may be a pixel surface, a vibrator, a conductor surface having a slit below the radiation, or the like.

[0132] Second Example: FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of main film layers in the antenna shown in FIG. 19. As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the only difference from the first example of this example is that the first coupling layer 71 and the second coupling layer 72 are not required in this antenna. The first radiation electrode 81 of this antenna is provided on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the second dielectric substrate 20, and the first radiation electrode 81 and the first connecting electrode 41 of the phase shifter are at least partially orthogonally projected on the first dielectric substrate 10, respectively. The second radiation electrode 82 is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the second radiation electrode 82 and the second connecting electrode 42 of the phase shifter are at least partially orthogonally projected on the first dielectric substrate 10, respectively. In other words, the first connecting electrode 41 of the phase shifter is directly coupled to the first radiation electrode 81, and the second connecting electrode 42 of the phase shifter is directly coupled to the second radiation electrode 82.

[0133] Third Example: Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers of the antenna shown in Figure 21. As shown in Figures 21 and 22, this example has almost the same structure as the second example, except that this antenna uses a first waveguide structure 91 and a second waveguide structure 92 instead of the first radiation electrode 81 and the second radiation electrode 82 in the second example. That is, the first waveguide structure 91 is provided on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the second dielectric substrate 20, and the orthogonal projection of the first waveguide opening of the first waveguide structure 91 and the first connecting electrode 41 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlaps, and the second waveguide structure 92 is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the orthogonal projection of the second waveguide opening of the second waveguide structure 92 and the second connecting electrode 42 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlaps.

[0134] In some examples, both the first waveguide structure 91 and the second waveguide structure 92 may employ structures such as metal waveguides, substrate integrated waveguides, resonant cavities, and the like.

[0135] 23 is a structural schematic diagram of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 23, in this embodiment, no matter which of the above structures the antenna adopts, the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application may include a first coupling structure 101 and a second coupling structure 102, where the first coupling structure 101 is coupled to the first connecting electrode 41, and the second coupling structure 102 is coupled to the second connecting electrode 42. An external device is connected to the first coupling structure 101 and the second coupling structure 102 via a first port 103 and a second port 104, respectively, to load an external signal into the phase shifter.

[0136] For example, the first coupling structure, the second coupling structure, the first connection electrode 41, and the second connection electrode 42 are provided on the same layer. Of course, the first coupling structure and the first connection electrode 41 may be provided on separate layers, and the second coupling structure and the second connection electrode 42 may be provided on separate layers.

[0137] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array. FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the antenna array according to the embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 25 is a flowchart of scanning the antenna array shown in FIG. 24. As shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, the antenna array includes the above-mentioned multiple antennas, a power supply module, and a control module. The multiple antennas are arranged at a regular interval, and the first and second connections of each antenna are connected to the output end of a power distribution network via lead wires, and the input end of the power distribution network is connected to the power supply module. If a beam needs to be emitted in a specific direction at a certain time, each antenna needs to be loaded with a different phase according to the theoretical calculation formula of the phased array. The voltage output by the power supply in the control module is transformed and output to the first and second driver chips via the driver module. The first and second driver chips then apply voltages to the first and second conductive layers 1 and 2, respectively, via the first and second driver lines 51 and 52 electrically connected thereto, thereby deflecting the liquid crystal layer 30 and realizing the phase loading of each antenna. At the next time, if it is necessary to radiate energy in another direction, the phase is substituted in the same way. In this way, dynamic adjustment of the output beam direction can be realized, and beam scanning is completed.

[0138] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, in which FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of film layers of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of main film layers of the antenna shown in FIG. 26. As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the antenna includes a phase shifter, a reference electrode layer 100, and a feeding structure 200. Here, the phase shifter includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, and a connecting electrode 43 disposed opposite to each other, and a first phase-shift structure 11 and a second phase-shift structure 12 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20. The reference electrode layer 100 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the second dielectric substrate 20. Both the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure 12 have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure 12 are electrically connected via a connecting electrode 43, and the second end of the first phase shift structure and the second end of the second phase shift structure 12 are electrically connected via a power supply structure 200 to form a loop circuit structure, and the transmission directions of the microwave signals of the first phase shift structure 11 and the second phase shift structure 12 are opposite.

[0139] In the embodiment of the present application, the first end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the first end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 of the phase shifter are electrically connected via the connecting electrode 43, and the second end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 are electrically connected via the feeding structure 200, thereby forming a loop circuit structure. In this situation, when the antenna is formed into an antenna array, mutual coupling between the antennas can be effectively avoided. At the same time, because the first end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the first end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 of the phase shifter are electrically connected via the connecting electrode 43, the connecting electrode 43 can be used as the feeding structure 200 and / or the radiating electrode 83, which makes the antenna structure more compact and helps to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0140] In some examples, the feeding scheme of the feeding structure 200 includes, but is not limited to, any one of a direct feed, a waveguide coupled feed, and a microstrip coupled feed.

[0141] Specifically, Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of an antenna that employs direct feeding in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 28, when the feeding method of feeding structure 200 is direct feeding, feeding structure 200 may include a one-input, two-output power divider, in which the two branch lines have unequal line lengths and are 90° out of phase with each other and are electrically connected to the second end of first phase shift structure 11 and the second end of second phase shift structure 12, respectively. For example, the one-input, two-output power divider is a balun structure.

[0142] 29 is a schematic diagram of an antenna employing a waveguide coupled feed in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 29, when the feed method of the feed structure 200 is a waveguide coupled feed, the feed structure 200 may include a coupled waveguide. The coupled waveguide may be disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10. The second end of the first phase shift structure 11 and the second end of the second phase shift structure 12 are electrically connected to a first time delay line and a second delay line, respectively, which at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the waveguide port of the coupled waveguide on the first dielectric substrate 10, allowing the microwave signal to be fed to the phase shifter.

[0143] 30 is a schematic diagram of an antenna employing a microstrip coupled feed in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 30 , when the feed method of the feed structure 200 is a microstrip coupled feed, the feed structure 200 includes a microstrip line, a first transmission electrode, and a second transmission electrode, where the microstrip line electrically connects the second end of the first phase-shift structure 11 to the second end of the second phase-shift structure 12, the first transmission electrode is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and the second transmission electrode is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 farther from the first dielectric substrate 10. A transmission opening is provided in the first transmission electrode, and any two of the transmission opening, the microstrip line, and the second transmission electrode overlap when orthogonally projected onto the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0144] The first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second phase-shifting structure 12 in the embodiment of the present application can both adopt the same structure as in the phase shifter described above, and therefore will not be described again here. In the embodiment of the present application, the first phase-shifting structure 11 only includes one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure 12 only includes one second phase-shifting structure 12. Here, the first phase-shift unit includes a first transmission line 110 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, a plurality of first patch electrodes 21 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and a first variable dielectric layer 31 provided between the layer on which the first transmission line 110 is located and the layer on which the first patch electrode 21 is located, while the second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line 120 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, a plurality of second patch electrodes 22 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and a second variable dielectric layer 32 provided between the layer on which the second transmission line 120 is located and the layer on which the second patch electrode 22 is located. Specifically, the first transmission line 110 includes a first main line 111 and a plurality of first branches 112. The second transmission line 120 includes a second main line 121 and a plurality of second branches 122. The first main line 111 and the second main line 121 have first and second ends arranged opposite to each other in the direction of extension. The first and second ends of the first main line 111 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the first transmission line 110, and the first and second ends of the second main line 121 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the second transmission line 120. The first main line 111 of the first transmission line 110 has first branches 112 on both sides in the direction of extension, and the first branches 112 on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first branches 112 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10. Similarly, the second main line 121 in the second transmission line 120 has second branches 122 on both sides of its extension direction, and the second branches 122 on both sides are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding second branches 122 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode 22 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0145] The antenna in the embodiment of the present application will be described below with a combination of specific examples. Here, in the following example, only the phase shifter shown in Fig. 1 is used as the phase shifter structure, but any of the above-mentioned phase shifters may be applied to the antenna in the embodiment of the present application, and will not be listed here one by one.

[0146] First Example: Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers of the antenna shown in Fig. 31. As shown in Figs. 31 and 32, the antenna is a transmission antenna including a phase shifter, a fifth dielectric substrate, a coupling layer 73, a radiating electrode 83, and a reference electrode layer 100. Here, the fifth dielectric substrate is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, the coupling layer 73 is provided on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, the radiating electrode 83 is provided on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate 20, the coupling layer 73 has an opening, and the orthogonal projections of any two of the connecting electrode 43 and the radiating electrode 83 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap.

[0147] 31 , the antenna includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, a fifth dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer 1, a second conductive layer 2, a fourth conductive layer 4, a fifth conductive layer 5, and a sixth conductive layer 6. The first conductive layer 1 includes a first transmission line 110, a second transmission line 120, and a connecting electrode 43 of the phase shifter, the second conductive layer 2 includes a first patch electrode 21 and a second patch electrode 22 of the phase shifter, the fourth conductive layer 4 includes a reference electrode layer 100, the fifth conductive layer 5 includes a coupling layer 73, and the sixth conductive layer 6 includes a radiation electrode 83.

[0148] In some examples, the radiation electrode 83 may be a patch electrode of any shape, such as a pixel surface, a vibrator, or a conductive surface with a slit below the radiation.

[0149] Second Example: FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers of the antenna shown in FIG. 31. As shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the only difference between this example and the first example is that the antenna does not need to be provided with the coupling layer 73. The radiation electrode 83 of this antenna is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10. The orthogonal projections of the radiation electrode 83 and the connection electrode 43 of the phase shifter on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap. In other words, the connection electrode 43 of the phase shifter and the radiation electrode 83 are directly coupled.

[0150] Third Example: Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in Figure 35. As shown in Figures 35 and 36, this example has almost the same structure as the second example, with the only difference being that this antenna uses a waveguide structure 93 instead of the radiation electrode 83 in the second example. In other words, the second waveguide structure 93 is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the waveguide port of the waveguide structure 93 and the orthogonal projection of the connection electrode 43 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap.

[0151] In some examples, the waveguide structure 93 may use structures such as a metal waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide, a resonant cavity, or the like.

[0152] In a fourth aspect, Fig. 37 is a schematic diagram of film layers of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 38 is a schematic diagram of main film layers in the antenna shown in Fig. 37. As shown in Figs. 37 and 38, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, which is a reflector antenna including a phase shifter and a reflecting electrode layer 300. Here, the phase shifter includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, and a connecting electrode 43 disposed opposite to each other, and a first phase shift structure 11 and a second phase shift structure 12 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20, and a reference electrode layer 100 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the second dielectric substrate 20. The first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second phase-shifting structure 12 both have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the first end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 are electrically connected via a connecting electrode 43, the second end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 are suspended and coupled to the reflective electrode layer 300 to form a loop circuit structure, and the microwave signal transmission directions of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second phase-shifting structure 12 are opposite.

[0153] In the embodiment of the present application, the first end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the first end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 of the phase shifter are electrically connected by the connecting electrode 43, and the second end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 are suspended and coupled to the reflective electrode layer 300 to form a loop circuit structure, in which case mutual coupling between the antennas can be effectively avoided when the antenna is formed into an antenna array. At the same time, because the first end of the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the first end of the second phase-shifting structure 12 of the phase shifter are electrically connected via the connecting electrode 43, the connecting electrode 43 can be used as the feeding structure 200 and / or the radiating electrode 83, which makes the antenna structure more compact and helps to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0154] In the embodiment of the present application, the first phase-shifting structure 11 and the second phase-shifting structure 12 can both use the same structure as in the phase shifter described above, and therefore will not be described again here. In the embodiment of the present application, the first phase-shifting structure 11 only includes one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure 12 only includes one second phase-shifting structure 12. Here, the first phase-shift unit includes a first transmission line 110 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, a plurality of first patch electrodes 21 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and a first variable dielectric layer 31 provided between the layer on which the first transmission line 110 is located and the layer on which the first patch electrode 21 is located, while the second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line 120 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, a plurality of second patch electrodes 22 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 closer to the first dielectric substrate 10, and a second variable dielectric layer 32 provided between the layer on which the second transmission line 120 is located and the layer on which the second patch electrode 22 is located. Specifically, the first transmission line 110 includes a first main line 111 and a plurality of first branches 112. The second transmission line 120 includes a second main line 121 and a plurality of second branches 122. The first main line 111 and the second main line 121 have first and second ends arranged opposite to each other in the direction of extension. The first and second ends of the first main line 111 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the first transmission line 110, and the first and second ends of the second main line 121 are used as the first and second ends, respectively, of the second transmission line 120. The first main line 111 of the first transmission line 110 has first branches 112 on both sides in the direction of extension, and the first branches 112 on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first branches 112 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode 21 on the first dielectric substrate 10. Similarly, the second main line 121 in the second transmission line 120 has second branches 122 on both sides of its extension direction, and the second branches 122 on both sides are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding second branches 122 at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode 22 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0155] The antenna in the embodiment of the present application will be described below using a specific example. Here, in the following example, only the phase shifter structure shown in Fig. 1 is used as an example, but it should be understood that any of the above-mentioned phase shifters may be applied to the antenna in the embodiment of the present application, and they will not be listed here one by one.

[0156] First Example: Fig. 39 is a schematic diagram of film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 40 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in Fig. 39. As shown in Figs. 39 and 40, the antenna is a transmission antenna including a phase shifter, a fifth dielectric substrate, a coupling layer 73, a radiating electrode 83, and a reference electrode layer 100. Here, the fifth dielectric substrate is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, the coupling layer 73 is provided on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate 20, the radiating electrode 83 is provided on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate 20, the coupling layer 73 has an opening 731, and orthogonal projections of any two of the opening 731, the connecting electrode 43, and the radiating electrode 83 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap.

[0157] 39, the antenna includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, a fifth dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer 1, a second conductive layer 2, a fourth conductive layer 4, a fifth conductive layer 5, and a sixth conductive layer 6. Here, the first conductive layer 1 includes a first transmission line 110, a second transmission line 120, and a connecting electrode 43 of the phase shifter, the second conductive layer 2 includes a first patch electrode 21 and a second patch electrode 22 of the phase shifter, the fourth conductive layer 4 includes a reference electrode layer 100, the fifth conductive layer 5 includes a coupling layer 73, and the sixth conductive layer 6 includes a radiation electrode 83.

[0158] In some examples, the radiation electrode 83 may be a patch electrode of any shape, such as a pixel surface, a vibrator, or a conductive surface with a slit below the radiation.

[0159] Second Example: FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of the film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers of the antenna shown in FIG. 41. As shown in FIGS. 41 and 42, the only difference between this example and the first example is that the antenna does not need to be provided with the coupling layer 73. The radiation electrode 83 of this antenna is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10. The orthogonal projections of the radiation electrode 83 and the connection electrode 43 of the phase shifter on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap. In other words, the connection electrode 43 of the phase shifter and the radiation electrode 83 are directly coupled.

[0160] Third Example: Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of film layers of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of the main film layers in the antenna shown in Figure 43. As shown in Figures 43 and 44, this example has almost the same structure as the second example, with the only difference being that this antenna uses a waveguide structure 93 instead of the radiation electrode 83 in the second example. In other words, the waveguide structure 93 is provided on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the waveguide port of the waveguide structure 93 and the orthogonal projection of the connection electrode 43 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap.

[0161] In some examples, the waveguide structure 93 may use structures such as a metal waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide, a resonant cavity, or the like.

[0162] 45 is a schematic diagram of each element on the second dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view of each element on the second dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 45 and 46 , in the phase shifter and antenna of any of the above-described embodiments of the present application, the first patch electrode 21 in the first phase-shift unit and the second patch electrode 22 in the second phase-shift unit are both provided with a second bias voltage via the same second drive line 52. A switch unit 400 is disposed on the second drive line 52, and controlling the on / off of the switch unit 400 controls whether the second bias voltage on the second drive line 52 can be written to the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22. The switch unit 400 may include, but is not limited to, a thin film transistor. In FIG. 46 of the embodiment of the present application, the switch unit 400 is a thin film transistor, and the thin film transistor is a bottom-gate thin film transistor, for example.

[0163] 46 , the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are provided on the second dielectric substrate 20, a first insulating layer 500 is provided on the side of the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 away from the second dielectric substrate 20, and a gate electrode 401 of the thin film transistor, a gate insulating layer 600, an active layer 402, a source electrode 403 / drain electrode 404, a passivation layer 700, and a second driving line 52 are provided in this order on the side of the first insulating layer 500 away from the second dielectric substrate 10. The second driving line 52 is electrically connected to the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 through a first via hole that penetrates the first insulating layer 500, the gate insulating layer 600, and the passivation layer 700, and at the same time, the second driving line 52 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 403 of the thin film transistor through a second via hole that penetrates the passivation layer 700.

[0164] 46, the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are closer to the second dielectric substrate 10 than the thin film transistors. This is because the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are typically made of a relatively thick metal material. In this case, the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 can be formed by a method including, but not limited to, electroplating. To avoid damage to the elements on the second dielectric substrate 20 by a plating solution, the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 are formed first. However, if the thickness of the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 is not required according to product needs, the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 and the metal electrodes of the thin film transistors may be formed in a single process. Alternatively, the first patch electrode 21 and the second patch electrode 22 may be formed after the layer structures of the thin film transistors are formed.

[0165] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device including any of the antennas described above.

[0166] The electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device may be a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end, where the baseband provides signals of at least one frequency band, such as 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, and 5G signals, and transmits the signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the antenna system receives a signal, it can be processed by a filtering unit, a power amplifier, a signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver before being transmitted to the receiving end of the transceiver unit, where the receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0167] Furthermore, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and modulates the signals transmitted from the transceiver unit or demodulates the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulating circuit, and a demodulating circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives multiple types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulating circuit can modulate the multiple types of signals provided by the baseband before transmitting them to the antenna. The signals received by the antenna are transmitted to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver, and the receiving circuit transmits the signals to the demodulating circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0168] Furthermore, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are further connected to a filtering unit, and the filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission by the antenna system, the signal amplifier increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output from the radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit, and the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal output from the radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit, and the filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier and filters out clutter before transmitting the signal to the antenna, which radiates the signal. During signal reception by the antenna system, the signal is received by the antenna and then transmitted to the filtering unit, which filters out clutter from the signal received by the antenna before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier gains the signal received by the antenna and increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, and the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0169] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include multiple types of signal amplifiers, such as, but not limited to, a low noise amplifier.

[0170] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application further includes a power management unit, which is connected to the power amplifier and provides the power amplifier with a voltage for signal amplification.

[0171] It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to explain the principles of the present invention, and the present application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radio frequency device including a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a first phase shift structure and a second phase shift structure disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, wherein the radio frequency device further includes a first connecting electrode and a second connecting electrode, the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure each having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure being electrically connected via the first connecting electrode, and the second end of the first phase shift structure and the second end of the second phase shift structure being electrically connected via the second connecting electrode to form a loop circuit structure. the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a first transmission line, a plurality of first patch electrodes spaced apart, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of first patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the first patch electrode is located, and each of the first patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the first transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a second transmission line, a plurality of second patch electrodes spaced apart, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the plurality of second patch electrodes being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the second patch electrode is located, and each of the second patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the second transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; a first end portion of the first transmission line and a second end portion of the second transmission line that are arranged opposite to each other in an extension direction, the first end portion of the first transmission line and the first end portion of the second transmission line being electrically connected via the first connecting electrode, and the second end portion of the first transmission line and the second end portion of the second transmission line being electrically connected via the second connecting electrode.

2. a first conductive layer provided on the first dielectric substrate on a side closer to the second dielectric substrate; and a second conductive layer provided on the second dielectric substrate on a side closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first transmission line, the second transmission line, the first connection electrode, and the second connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The radio frequency device of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of patch electrodes and the second plurality of patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer.

3. a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, a second conductive layer provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate farther from the second dielectric substrate, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are located on the first conductive layer; the plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are both located on the second conductive layer; 2. The radio frequency device according to claim 1, wherein the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode are located on a third conductive layer, the first connection electrode electrically connects a first end of the first transmission line to a first end of the second transmission line through a first connection via that penetrates the first dielectric substrate, and the second connection electrode electrically connects a second end of the first transmission line to a second end of the second transmission line through a second connection via that penetrates the first dielectric substrate.

4. the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, the first main line is connected to at least one side in the extending direction of the first main line, at least some of the plurality of first branches and the first patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, The radio frequency device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, the second main line is connected to at least one side in the extension direction of the second main line, at least some of the plurality of second branches and the second patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches and the second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

5. the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extending direction thereof, the first branches on both sides are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate; 5. The radio frequency device according to claim 4, wherein the second main line is connected to the second branches on both sides in its extension direction, the second branches on both sides are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding second branches at least partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the same second patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

6. the first main line is connected to the first branches on both sides in the extending direction thereof, the first branches are provided so as to be shifted from connection nodes of the first main line, and at least some of the first branches have different shapes; 5. The radio frequency device according to claim 4, wherein the second main line is connected to the second branches on both sides of the second main line in its extension direction, each of the second branches is provided offset from a connection node of the first main line, and at least some of the second branches have different shapes.

7. some of the plurality of first branches and the first patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and orthogonal projections of the corresponding first branches and the corresponding first patch electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap; and / or 7. The radio frequency device according to claim 6, wherein some of the second branches correspond one-to-one with the second patch electrode, and the orthogonal projections of the corresponding second branches and the second patch electrode on the second dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

8. A radio frequency device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first patch electrode and second patch electrode are connected as an integral structure.

9. The number of the first phase-shifting units and the second phase-shifting units is plural, and the radio frequency device further includes a first combiner, a second combiner, a third combiner, and a fourth combiner, wherein the first combiner includes a first main circuit and a plurality of first branch paths electrically connected to the first main circuit, the second combiner includes a second main circuit and a plurality of second branch paths electrically connected to the second main circuit, the third combiner includes a third main circuit and a plurality of third branch paths electrically connected to the third main circuit, and the fourth combiner includes a third main circuit and a plurality of third branch paths electrically connected to the third main circuit. the combiner includes one fourth main circuit and a plurality of fourth branch lines electrically connected to the fourth main circuit, wherein first ends of first transmission lines of each of the first phase-shifting units are connected to the first branch lines of the first combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, second ends of first transmission lines of each of the first phase-shifting units are connected to the second branch lines of the second combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, first ends of second transmission lines of each of the second phase-shifting units are connected to the third branch lines of the third combiner in a one-to-one correspondence, and second ends of second transmission lines of each of the second phase-shifting units are connected to the fourth branch lines of the fourth combiner in a one-to-one correspondence; The radio frequency device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first main circuit of the first combiner and the third main circuit of the third combiner are electrically connected via the first connection electrode, and the second main circuit of the second combiner and the fourth main circuit of the fourth combiner are electrically connected via the second connection electrode.

10. A radio frequency device including a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate arranged opposite each other, and a first phase shift structure and a second phase shift structure arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, wherein the radio frequency device further includes a first connecting electrode and a second connecting electrode, wherein the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure both have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the first connecting electrode, and the second end of the first phase shift structure and the second end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the second connecting electrode to form a loop circuit structure. the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shift unit includes a first transmission line, a third transmission line, and a first variable dielectric layer, the first transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the first transmission line is located and a layer on which the third transmission line is located, and the first transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the third transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; the second phase-shift unit includes a second transmission line, a fourth transmission line, and a second variable dielectric layer, the second transmission line being provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth transmission line being provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, the second variable dielectric layer being provided between a layer on which the second transmission line is located and a layer on which the fourth transmission line is located, and the second transmission line at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the fourth transmission line on the first dielectric substrate; a radio frequency device, wherein the first transmission line, the second transmission line, the third transmission line, and the fourth transmission line each have a first end and a second end that are provided opposite to each other in an extension direction, the first end of the first transmission line and the first end of the second transmission line are electrically connected via the first connecting electrode, and the second end of the third transmission line and the second end of the fourth transmission line are electrically connected via the second connecting electrode.

11. a first conductive layer provided on the first dielectric substrate on a side closer to the second dielectric substrate; and a second conductive layer provided on the second dielectric substrate on a side closer to the first dielectric substrate, the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the first connection electrode are all located on the first conductive layer; The radio frequency device according to claim 10 , wherein the third transmission line, the fourth transmission line, and the second connection electrode are all located on the second conductive layer.

12. the first transmission line includes a first main line and a plurality of first branches, and the first branches are connected to the first main line in at least one direction of extension; the second transmission line includes a second main line and a plurality of second branches, and the second main line is connected to the second branch in at least one direction of extension; the third transmission line includes a third main line and a plurality of third branches, and the third main line is connected to the third branch in at least one direction of extension; the fourth transmission line includes a fourth main line and a plurality of fourth branches, and the fourth main line is connected to the fourth branch in at least one direction of extension; 12. The radio frequency device according to claim 10, wherein one of the first branches at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the third branches on the first dielectric substrate, and one of the second branches at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fourth branches on the first dielectric substrate.

13. The radio frequency device according to claim 12 , wherein the plurality of first branches are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of third branches, and the plurality of second branches are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of fourth branches.

14. A radio frequency device including a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate arranged opposite each other, and a first phase shift structure and a second phase shift structure arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, wherein the radio frequency device further includes a first connecting electrode and a second connecting electrode, wherein the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure both have a first end and a second end, the first end of the first phase shift structure and the first end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the first connecting electrode, and the second end of the first phase shift structure and the second end of the second phase shift structure are electrically connected via the second connecting electrode to form a loop circuit structure. the first phase-shifting structure includes at least one first phase-shifting unit, and the second phase-shifting structure includes at least one second phase-shifting unit; the first phase-shifting unit includes a fifth main line, a plurality of fifth branches, a plurality of third patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of fifth branches being connected to one side of the fifth main line in an extending direction thereof, the fifth main line, the plurality of fifth branches, and the plurality of third patch electrodes being all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the third patch electrode and the fifth branches being alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the first variable dielectric layer being provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the second phase-shifting unit includes a sixth main line, a plurality of sixth branches, a plurality of fourth patch electrodes, and a first variable dielectric layer, the plurality of sixth branches being connected to one side of the sixth main line in an extending direction thereof, the sixth main line, the plurality of sixth branches, and the plurality of fourth patch electrodes being all provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate, the fourth patch electrode and the sixth branches being alternately provided as orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate, and the second variable dielectric layer being provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; a radio frequency device, wherein the fifth main line and the sixth main line each include a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite each other along the extension direction, the first end of the fifth main line and the first end of the sixth main line are electrically connected via a first connection electrode, and the second end of the fifth main line and the second end of the sixth main line are electrically connected via a second connection electrode.

15. a first conductive layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate closer to the second dielectric substrate; 15. The radio frequency device of claim 14, wherein the first connecting electrode, the second connecting electrode, the fifth main line, the fifth branch, the third patch electrode, the sixth main line, the sixth branch, and the fourth patch electrode are located on the first conductive layer.

16. The radio frequency device according to claim 14 , wherein the width of the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode is greater than the width of the fifth main line.

17. the first phase-shifting unit further includes a fifth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one of the fifth patch electrodes at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one of the fifth branches on the first dielectric substrate; The radio frequency device according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the second phase-shifting unit further includes a sixth patch electrode provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate closer to the first dielectric substrate, and one sixth patch electrode at least partially overlaps with an orthogonal projection of one sixth branch on the first dielectric substrate.

18. An antenna comprising a radio frequency device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

19. 20. An electronic device comprising the antenna of claim 18.

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