Additives, methods for obtaining same, uses thereof, products and polymer compositions or polymers

Abstract

The present invention relates to an additive that can be applied to materials such as polymer compositions or polymers, making it possible to impart, for example, dimensional stability, thermodynamic stability, and increased gas impermeability to said compositions and products derived therefrom, as well as to a method for preparing said additive, its use, and products, polymer compositions, and polymers containing it.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an additive that can be applied to materials such as polymer compositions or polymers, making it possible to impart dimensional stability, thermodynamic stability and increased gas impermeability to said compositions or polymers and products derived therefrom. The invention also relates to a method for preparing said additive, its use, and products, polymer compositions and polymers containing it. [Background technology]

[0002] Synthetic polymer resins often do not have the properties required for use in a particular application, therefore, since the beginning of the development of the polymer industry, other substances have been added to these materials to stabilize the materials during and after processing and to modify the properties of the resin for use in a particular application.

[0003] These substances, called additives or modifiers, include any material that is added to a polymer for a specific application. The fact that polymers can accept a wide variety of additives is of fundamental importance not only for improving their physicochemical properties but also for their visual appeal, allowing for a wide range of applications, both new and replacing traditional materials.

[0004] It is therefore important to recognize that there are two categories of additives that are classified according to the way they interfere with the polymer to which they are added.

[0005] The first category includes functional additives that are generally physically dispersed in a polymer matrix and do not significantly affect the molecular structure of the polymer. They do not, at least substantially, change the chemical composition of the polymer matrix to which they are added. They do not focus on changing mechanical properties such as impact resistance, ductility, or melting temperature. Their primary characteristic is to modify the final behavior of the polymer without structural changes.

[0006] The second category are structural additives, which, unlike functional additives, can modify the physicochemical structure of the polymer in a way that improves important physical properties of the resulting compound, such as increased resistance, color change, melting point, etc.

[0007] The types of additives described and their characterization are based on scientific knowledge such as that in the book "Aditivacao de Termoplasticos" by Marcelo Rebelo and Marco-Aurelio de Paoli, published by Artliber.

[0008] During the last decades, polymers have become increasingly in demand for an endless range of applications, including, but not limited to, inter alia, containers for solid and liquid intake (bottles, packaging, jars, films, layers, carton packs, etc.), the construction industry, the automotive industry, the textile industry, medical devices, soundproofing, mechanical parts in general, layers (whether in the form of sprays or pre-molded layers) to be applied to products and devices, paints, varnishes, etc.

[0009] In this context, one of the challenges associated with the use of polymers in various applications is their lack of atomic structural stability or insufficient covalent bonding, as evidenced, for example, by the dimensional and thermodynamic limitations observed in current polymer compounds.

[0010] Such limitations not only affect the manufacturing methods for products based on these compounds, but also hinder their use in a variety of applications where these properties are critical.

[0011] The first aspect is the problem of producing products based on polymer compounds that have poor dimensional and thermodynamic stability.

[0012] Generally, products derived from polymer compounds are produced by methods such as extrusion, injection molding, thermoforming, etc., which involve high temperatures during the process. After the molding is removed from the mold, shrinkage occurs during cooling, and the product may deform while still hot, leading to a loss of the originally desired dimensions, which is a serious problem and difficult to solve. In other words, the dimensional stability of the product is limited, at first glance, in terms of its resistance to plastic deformation caused by temperature.

[0013] Second, it is well known that traditional polymer compounds do not have appreciable thermodynamic stability and are highly susceptible to energy transfer through their polymer matrix, i.e., they allow for heat exchange between, for example, external or internal surfaces.

[0014] Polymers are made up of repeating monomers and can have a linear, branched, or network structure. Covalent bonds are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the polymer and linking its atoms, and secondary bonds connect groups of polymer chains to form polymeric materials, and can produce copolymers, which are polymers made up of two or more different types of monomers.

[0015] Although usually represented in two-dimensional form, polymers have three-dimensional structures. Generally, each bond between atoms in a polymer has a tilt of 109° to the next, so these chains can twist and stretch when subjected to forces or energy similar to the formation of crystalline structures.

[0016] So-called thermoplastic polymers are particularly noteworthy. They can be classified as amorphous and / or crystalline polymers, have a linear or branched structure, and generally soften when heated and harden when cooled. These polymers have a wide range of applications as structural and / or matrix components associated with other components, and their function is influenced by properties such as the degree of polymerization, type, and concentration of additives.

[0017] The most common types of thermoplastic polymers are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyester, among others.

[0018] In current commercial applications, such as the manufacture of food containers, it is known that the polymeric compounds typically used to manufacture these containers are unable to prevent the transfer of heat from the environment, and therefore refrigeration of the product is often necessary, and its consumption is conditioned on its constant refrigeration, or the consumer must consume the product immediately, which is inefficient from an energy standpoint and inconvenient from a commercial standpoint.

[0019] Furthermore, other applications of polymer compounds (among others in the construction industry, automotive industry, paper and cellulose industry, aerospace, textile industry, medical devices, electrical and electronic equipment, sound insulation, mechanical parts in general, layers for application to products and devices, whether in the form of a spray or pre-molded layers, paints, varnishes) are limited by the fact that such compounds are unable to prevent or substantially limit the energy transfer through their structure.

[0020] Attempts to impart structural and thermodynamic stability to polymer composites have been found in the prior art. For example, document CN110861363 suggests the use of hollow microspheres added to the material between each TPU film and substrate fiber layer to obtain a material with improved structural and thermal properties, and the prepared composite hollow microspheres exhibit a hexagonal close-packed spatial distribution. However, these advantages are obtained through complex composite processing methods, in this case, the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composites, which are undesirable in most of the above applications, involve high costs, and further require modification of the original properties of the polymer.

[0021] In another example, document CN107163171 proposes obtaining a material for use in construction, suggesting the use of a foaming agent introduced in the reaction process of cyanamide and ricinoleic acid to form a foam that effectively promotes the filling effect of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate in the polymer matrix, thus improving the structural stability and strength of the finished product. This document suggests that the thermal insulation properties of the final product are improved. However, what is proposed in this document is also relatively complicated, involves additional production steps, and modifies the original properties of the base polymer.

[0022] In another example, document GB1105141 proposes an epoxy resin obtained from a mixture of polyglycidyl ether, castor oil, and maleic anhydride. This document suggests resistance to thermal shock, but the main property sought is electrical insulation. As can be seen, this document does not suggest any significant enhancement of dimensional or thermal stability for the compound, and does not alter the inherent properties of the base polymer.

[0023] An example of a proposed airtightness solution is patent application CN213832857, which proposes replacing the aluminum layer in a liquid carton containing a cellulose, polymer, and aluminum layer by using a polymer layer to replace the aluminum layer.

[0024] In this case, the solution adopted by document CN213832857 is a mass balance, i.e., increasing the thickness / density of the layer that is polymeric rather than aluminum. Eliminating aluminum is crucial due to the difficulties in production and the environmental impact both in production and, when applied to carton packs, in recycling. This document partially solves the aluminum problem, but in terms of heavier packaging, e.g. higher CO 2 On the other hand, the proposed solution has a minimum oxygen barrier of 1.5g / m 3 This suggests that the barrier promoted by the carton containing aluminum is 1.00002 g / m 3The proposed solution therefore consists in changing the chemical composition and mass balance, which apparently allows satisfactory results, but with lower results and higher mass than the current products. On the one hand, savings are made, but on the other hand, money is spent.

[0025] In short, prior art solutions for improving the behavior of, for example, polymers work at the chemical level by changing their chemical composition.

[0026] So far, no solution has been presented that works and promotes improvement by varying the covalent bonds in the packing that ensure the stability of the structure and the electronic relationships of the material. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0027] [Patent Document 1] CN110861363 [Patent Document 2] CN107163171 [Patent Document 3] GB1105141 [Patent Document 4] CN213832857 [Non-patent literature]

[0028] [Non-Patent Document 1] Marcelo Rebelo and Marco-Aurelio de Paoli, “Aditivacao de Termoplasticos”, Artliber Inc. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0029] A primary object of the present invention is to provide a functional additive that improves the dimensional and thermal stability of polymer compositions without altering the inherent properties of the base polymer.

[0030] A second object of the present invention is to provide functional additives that allow for the creation of compounds that contain thermal barrier properties that prevent or substantially limit energy transfer along their structure.

[0031] A third object of the present invention is to provide an additive that can be used to obtain polymeric compounds with dimensional and thermodynamic stability suitable for use in multiple commercial and industrial applications, including, but not limited to, containers and / or packaging for solids, semi-solids, and liquids (e.g., bottles, jars, films, plastic bags), the construction, automotive, pharmaceutical, textile, aerospace, agricultural equipment, and pulp and paper industries (e.g., packaging paper, cups, boxes), as well as electrical cables, semiconductors, batteries, medical devices and containers, the PVC industry (e.g., pipes), acoustic insulation products and devices, general mechanical components, etc. The additive can be applied in the form of a layer (e.g., as a spray or pre-molded layer) to such products and devices, paints, varnishes, and other applications, including, but not limited to, motor vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, residential and commercial buildings, and agricultural and industrial equipment.

[0032] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining additives such as those mentioned above.

[0033] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide an article having at least one part that has adequate dimensional stability, thermal stability, gas impermeability, and sound insulation properties without significantly changing the chemical composition of the article and its mechanical properties, especially color, tensile strength, etc.

[0034] A sixth object of the present invention is to provide an article having at least one portion that has thermal barrier properties that prevent or substantially limit energy transfer along its structure.

[0035] A seventh object of the present invention is to provide an article having at least one moiety with a molecular structure of compact hexagonal packing.

[0036] An eighth object of the present invention is to provide products that enhance the stability and electronic relationships of materials by altering covalent bonding, surface heterogeneous catalysis and atomic packing.

[0037] A ninth object of the present invention is to provide atomic arrangements that, through coordinate covalent bonds, have a blocking effect on molecular agitation caused by energy transfer. [Means for solving the problem]

[0038] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following embodiments.

[0039] In the first embodiment, - fatty acids, a paramagnetic component; - an anchoring substrate and, optionally, - Functional stabilizers and An additive is provided comprising:

[0040] In preferred embodiments, the fatty acid is present in a concentration of about 5% to about 80% by weight based on the total weight of the additive, more preferably the fatty acid is an unsaturated fatty acid containing at least one hydroxyl group (OH) located away from the end of the carbon chain, even more preferably the fatty acid has a hydroxyl group on the 12th carbon of the chain, preferably the fatty acid has an 18 carbon chain, and more preferably the fatty acid is derived from castor oil.

[0041] In one embodiment, the fatty acid is ricinoleic acid.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the paramagnetic component is present in a concentration of about 1% to about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the additive, more preferably the paramagnetic component is any component capable of maintaining the valence shell of the target polymer composition or polymer with a negative charge, and even more preferably the paramagnetic component is copper sulfate, sodium, strontium, magnesium, and titanium chloride.

[0043] In one embodiment, the paramagnetic component is titanium chloride.

[0044] In preferred embodiments, the anchoring substrate is present in a concentration of about 20% to about 70% by weight based on the total weight of the additive; more preferably, the anchoring substrate is a solid or liquid anchoring substrate; even more preferably, the anchoring substrate is glycerol monostearate (GMS), polyamide 6 (PA 6), larsite (methyl 2-methypropenoate), tetrafluoroethylene, lignin, zinc oxide, silicone oil, tributyl citrate, and calcium carbonate.

[0045] In one embodiment, the anchoring substrate is calcium carbonate and is in solid form.

[0046] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the additive additionally comprises a functional stabilizer such as magnesium chloride, preferably at a concentration of about 5% to about 40% by weight based on the total weight of the additive.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the additive comprises a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and a negative electrostatic charge in the valence shell.

[0048] The additives for addition to the polymer composition or polymer are in the appropriate proportions to ensure the desired gas, light and temperature barrier properties.

[0049] Due to its ability to create a heat, gas, and light barrier for numerous products from various industrial sectors, its use replaces raw materials and various products whose extraction and production are responsible for major environmental impacts. Currently, various industrial sectors use aluminum-derived products to preserve food, medicines, etc., which can be directly replaced by the additive of the present invention with improved properties, replacing the need for aluminum products and thus reducing the impact on nature of their extraction and the energy consumption required for the production of all of its derivatives.

[0050] Within the scope of the cold chain, which is widely used for food preservation, refrigeration of warehouses, offices, businesses, homes, etc. in the global logistics chain, all without exception benefit from additive thermal barriers applied to food packaging, protective films on building facades, businesses, vehicles, containers for storage and international transport, etc., reducing or eliminating the need for compressors used in refrigeration.

[0051] Thus, the present invention offers significant environmental advantages over commonly used products.

[0052] When applied to cold or hot water pipes in homes or businesses, it allows the liquid to remain at its natural temperature, reducing energy consumption to maintain a desired temperature or even avoiding water waste in domestic fixtures caused by waiting for hot water to arrive when showering.

[0053] In one embodiment, the polymer composition or polymer may be selected from nylon, Kevlar®, vinyl acetate polymers, polycarbonate (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acetal (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), paper and cellulose, polyester, polyurethane, Celeron, phenolic resins, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.

[0054] The additives claimed herein may be in any form, such as a liquid, paste, spray, pellet, or other form.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for obtaining said additive, comprising the steps of: a. obtaining a mixture of fatty acids and a solvent to obtain low entropy fatty acids; b. obtaining a mixture comprising the mixture of item (a) and a paramagnetic component, resulting in a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and negative electrostatic charges on the valence shell of the polymer molecules; c. obtaining a mixture comprising the mixture of item (b) and an anchoring substrate to form an anchoring support for the target polymer; A method is described, including:

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises an additional step: mixing the paramagnetic component with the anchoring substrate before incorporating it into the mixture obtained in item (a).

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the method additionally comprises: d. Incorporating additional ingredients, such as functional stabilizers, into the mixture obtained in step (c) to adjust the final aesthetic properties (e.g., color) of the additive. Includes.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of fatty acid to solvent used in step (a) of the process is from about 0.5:2 to about 4:0.5.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the solvent is selected from cyclohexanone, ethoxyethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and sodium acetate trihydrate, or mixtures thereof. Even more preferably, the solvent is ethyl acetate.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the functional stabilizers are magnesium chloride, methylparaben, sodium stannate, and butylated hydroxytoluene.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, the solid support is selected from polyamide 6 (PA 6), carboxylic acid, ethyl acetate, larsite, methyl 2-methylpropenoate, acetylsalicylic acid, tetrafluoroethylene, lignin, zinc oxide, and glycerol monostearate (GMS).

[0062] In alternative embodiments, further described are additives obtainable or obtainable by the methods described herein.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the additive is for use in a polymer composition or polymer.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, there is further described a product comprising an additive, the product comprising a negative electrostatic charge in the valence shell.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, a polymer composition or polymer containing an additive is also described, the polymer composition or polymer comprising at least one moiety having a molecular structure with surface heterogeneous catalysis.

[0066] In one embodiment, the polymer composition or polymer can be selected from nylon, Kevlar®, vinyl acetate polymers, polycarbonate (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acetal (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), cellulose (paper), polyester, polyurethane, Celeron, phenolic resins, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.

[0067] Finally, in one embodiment of the present invention, a material is also described that comprises at least one portion simultaneously endowed with a coordinated valence layer and surface heterogeneous catalysis.

[0068] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to one embodiment illustrated in the drawing. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0069] [Figure 1] 1 shows the relationship between molecular agitation and temperature / energy augmentation index, which shows the proportional relationship between the percentage of applied energy and the molecular agitation index. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates the zeroth law of thermodynamics. [Figure 3]FIG. 1 shows coordinate covalent bonds in the atomic structure of a polymer of the present invention, where molecular agitation is restricted by electromagnetic forces active in the chain. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows a fatty acid with a hydroxyl group at the 12th carbon in the valence shell atom arrangement. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 illustrates a face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 shows a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 illustrates the orthorhombic hexagonal close packing of the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. [Figure 7A] FIG. 1 illustrates the orthorhombic hexagonal close packing of the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. [Figure 8] 1 is a graph from practical testing of a container made with an additive of the present invention in one possible embodiment of the invention testing the temperature loss of a solid. [Figure 9] 1 is a graph from practical testing of a container made with an additive of the present invention in one possible embodiment of the invention to test the temperature loss of a liquid. [Figure 10] 1 is a graph from practical testing of a container made with an additive of the present invention in one possible embodiment of the invention testing temperature loss of a semi-solid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0070] It should be noted at the outset that the term "preferential" as used herein should not be understood as "essential" or "unavoidable," but rather as characterizing one embodiment of a particular efficiency of the invention among multiple possible embodiments.

[0071] Any statements relating to percentages of elements / components described herein that are not expressly characterized should be understood to be mass percentages.

[0072] Technical background As shown in Figure 1, the agitation of particles that make up a body is related to kinetic energy, i.e., kinetic energy, which is called thermal energy. Thermal energy in motion (transition) caused by a temperature difference between two bodies is called heat, cold, or magnetic waves. The variation of the internal energy of a system can be expressed as the difference between the energy exchanged with the external environment and the work done by the system during deformation.

[0073] Figure 2 illustrates the zeroth law of thermodynamics: if two bodies are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third body, then the first two are consequently in thermal equilibrium with each other.

[0074] When two bodies of different temperatures come into contact, the warmer body tends to transfer heat to the cooler body. This occurs until the temperatures of both bodies equalize, reaching thermal equilibrium. According to Zeroth's Law, one of the conditions for thermal equilibrium is the influence of materials that affect their thermal conductivity.

[0075] There are two main factors that can affect the movement of particles in a medium: the charge and size of the sample. According to the charge, negative particles migrate to the positive pole and positive particles migrate to the negative pole. In terms of size, smaller molecules move faster than larger molecules.

[0076] There are other issues that can also affect particle mobility, such as the density of the medium in which the particles are separated and electrostatic retarding forces.

[0077] For clarity, energy should be understood to be energy from any source, such as thermal, mechanical, or acoustic energy, with particular emphasis being placed on thermal energy.

[0078] As those skilled in the art know, the propagation of energy through a solid medium is caused by the continuous agitation of the atoms and molecules that make up the solid medium, which also occurs during the propagation of thermal energy or heat.

[0079] About the present invention The present invention relates to additives applied in the manufacture of polymeric compounds and to polymeric compounds using the additives of the present invention.

[0080] When applied to a polymer, the additives impart dimensional stability and also prevent or substantially limit any energy exchange through the polymer, for example, acting as thermodynamic barriers, reducing the material's permeability to gases, or increasing acoustic insulation. The additives of the present invention may be colorless or, if desired, may also provide a light barrier.

[0081] Of course, one skilled in the art will appreciate that, if desired, the additives described herein can be combined or mixed with other additives, including structural additives, which may serve a structural function in addition to the functional properties described herein.

[0082] The additives proposed herein can encapsulate and immobilize the molecules that make up the solid medium (in this case, a polymer) so that energy exchange through it is prevented or substantially limited. Furthermore, this immobilization also provides dimensional stability to the applied solid medium (polymer). This effect can vary between the absence of heat transfer or a substantial limitation of heat transfer, depending on the intended application.

[0083] This effect is made possible by a combination of properties, as detailed below, and is due to the unique nature and properties of the additives described herein.

[0084] Furthermore, the additives of the present invention, due to their ability to create heat, gas and light barriers in numerous products in various sectors such as consumer goods, automotive, transportation, civil engineering, aerospace, etc., provide properties to the products in which they are used and have environmentally friendly properties as they replace materials and other products whose production methods have a high environmental impact. Some examples: - In the packaging sector, it replaces aluminum and its derivatives in the food, pharmaceutical, beverage and other industries, significantly reducing the environmental and energy impacts generated in the production of these products; - Warehouses, domestic and international transport modes, containers, etc. In the cold generation chain, the additives used in packaging eliminate the need for refrigeration in all distribution channels. In the construction industry, through films applied to facades, it drastically reduces the need for air conditioning units by blocking the passage of external heat or cold, reducing compressors and therefore the environmental impact caused by refrigeration units.

[0085] Exemplary Embodiments In one embodiment, the additives proposed herein are a. fatty acids; b. a paramagnetic component; c. An anchoring substrate and, optionally, d. Stabilizers Includes.

[0086] For purposes of definition only, as known to those skilled in the art, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid having an aliphatic chain that may be saturated or unsaturated.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid of the present invention is any unsaturated fatty acid that contains at least one hydroxyl group (OH) located away from the end of the carbon chain.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the hydroxyl group is at the 12th carbon of the chain.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acids of the present invention have an 18 carbon chain.

[0090] In a more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid is derived from castor oil. Even more preferably, the fatty acid is ricinoleic acid.

[0091] Furthermore, for purposes of definition, a paramagnetic component is understood to be a component having unpaired electrons. A paramagnetic component should be interpreted as a component that makes the additive paramagnetic and can maintain hexagonal close packing even under pressure and temperature changes. Furthermore, the paramagnetic component shields covalent bonds and creates a cathode that can bond with non-metallic carbon and hydrogen. The use of a paramagnetic component allows its octahedral spheres to structurally and functionally align the fatty acids within the additive, thereby evenly distributing the thermodynamic shielding properties.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the paramagnetic moiety is any moiety capable of maintaining the valence shell of the target polymer composition or polymer with a negative charge.

[0093] In preferred embodiments, the paramagnetic component includes copper sulfate, sodium, strontium, magnesium, titanium chloride, or any of the other compounds described above that can perform the functions described herein. Based on the information disclosed in this application, one skilled in the art will understand that a wide variety of compounds can be used as the paramagnetic component, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the above examples.

[0094] The anchoring substrate is the substrate that is responsible for attaching the other elements of the composition to the target polymer.

[0095] As can be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, the anchoring substrate may be solid or liquid and may vary depending on the desired final form of the product, in this case the additive, such as a solid (such as a powder, pellets, granules, or any other usable solid form), a liquid (such as a solution, dispersion, emulsion, extract, tincture, or any other usable liquid form), or even adapted for use as, for example, a spray.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will be aware of a wide variety of compounds that can be used as anchoring substrates and are therefore not limited by the above examples.

[0097] For purposes of example only, in a preferred embodiment, considering the additive to be in a solid final form, the anchoring substrates are glycerol monostearate (GMS), polyamide 6 (PA 6), larsite (methyl 2-methypropenoate), tetrafluoroethylene, lignin, zinc oxide, silicone oil, tributyl citrate, and calcium carbonate.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid is present at a concentration (w / w) ranging from about 5% to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the additive, such as 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 106%, 107%, 108%, 109%, 110%, 111%, 112%, 113%, 114%, 115%, 116%, 117%, 118 %, 44 mass%, 45 mass%, 46 mass%, 47 mass%, 48 mass%, 49 mass%, 50 mass%, 51 mass%, 52 mass%, 53 mass%, 54 mass%, 55 mass%, 56 mass%, 57 mass%, 58 mass%, 59 mass%, 60 mass%, 61 mass%, 62 mass%, 63 mass%, 64 mass%, Present at any concentration (w / w) of 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, or any range including. In even more preferred embodiments, the fatty acid is present in a concentration (w / w) of 10% to 45%, 15% to 40%, 20% to 40%, 25% to 40%, or 30% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the additive.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, the paramagnetic component is present at a concentration (w / w) in the range of about 1% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the additive, or at any concentration (w / w) of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, or any range therein inclusive, relative to the total weight of the additive. In even more preferred embodiments, the paramagnetic component is present in a concentration (w / w) of 2% to 28%, 4% to 25%, 6% to 22%, 8% to 21%, or 10% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the additive.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the anchoring substrate is present at a concentration (w / w) ranging from about 20% to 70% by weight relative to the total weight of the additive. In a preferred embodiment, the anchoring substrate is present at a concentration of 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 106%, 107%, 108%, 109%, 110%, 111%, 112%, 113%, 114%, 115%, 116%, 117%, 118%, 119%, 120%, 121%, 122%, 123%, 124%, 125%, 126 In an even more preferred embodiment, the anchoring substrate is present in a concentration (w / w) of 25% to 65%, 30% to 60%, 35% to 60%, or 40% to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive.

[0101] Technical Effects Achieved by the Invention The combination of these three components (fatty acid, paramagnetic component and anchoring substrate) produces the effects achieved by the present invention.

[0102] More precisely, when the additives described herein are applied to or incorporated into a target polymer composition or polymer, each of the components, particularly the fatty acid and paramagnetic components, can encase and immobilize the molecules of the target polymer composition or polymer, preventing or substantially inhibiting their movement, thus imparting dimensional stability, inhibiting or limiting energy transfer, e.g., creating a thermodynamic block.

[0103] More precisely, when the additive is in contact with the polymer composition or polymer, it exerts a surface heterogeneous catalysis, the hydroxyl groups (OH) being responsible for donating electrons to the valence shells of the atoms of the polymer composition or polymer, and the paramagnetic components being able to maintain a negative magnetic field (due to the electron donation by the OH groups) (negative electrostatic charge).

[0104] Furthermore, the combination of the additives of the present invention with the polymer composition or polymer results in the formation of a hexagonal close packed molecular structure.

[0105] As a result, coordinate covalent bonds are formed between the valence shell atoms of the polymer composition or polymer, resulting in the additive-doped polymer converging to a state of no molecular motion, thus imparting the properties described herein.

[0106] As with covalent bonds, all atoms involved must tend to receive electrons and share electrons in their valence shells (the level farthest from the nucleus). Sharing occurs when an electron in one atom's valence shell becomes part of the same electron cloud surrounding another electron in the valence shell of another atom.

[0107] The anchoring moiety acts as a link between the molecules of the additive and the molecules of the polymer composition or polymer.

[0108] Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, an additive is provided that includes a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and a negative electrostatic charge in the valence shell.

[0109] As can be seen from the above discussion, the additives described herein result in a particular electronic arrangement of the molecules of the target polymer composition or polymer to achieve a desired result.

[0110] Amount of additive in target polymer composition or polymer Therefore, as can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, the amount of additive used is directly dependent on the molecular ordering characteristics of the additive itself. Therefore, a product, polymer composition or polymer comprising said additive is also an embodiment of the present invention.

[0111] The additive alone (ie, not combined with a target polymer) already has its molecules arranged in a hexagonal close-packed manner, a property imparted by the use of a paramagnetic component.

[0112] Thus, there is a direct relationship between the loading percentage of an additive and the concentration required to achieve the desired electronic configuration in a target polymer composition or polymer.

[0113] For this reason, this property applies to a wide range of materials that, given the appropriate proportions of additives, ensure the desired gas, light and temperature barrier properties.

[0114] In one embodiment, the polymer composition or polymer may be selected from nylon, Kevlar®, vinyl acetate polymers, polycarbonate (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acetal (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyester, polyurethane, Celeron, phenolic resins, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.

[0115] More specifically, it has been observed that additives containing at least 52% hexagonal close packing are already capable of providing the electronic alignment necessary for function in the target polymer. Thus, additives having hexagonal close packing of 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%, or any interval subsumed therein, are within the scope of the present disclosure. In preferred embodiments, the additive comprises at least 70%, preferably 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% hexagonal close packing, and in one embodiment the additive can provide up to 100% electronic ordering to the target polymer.

[0116] It is important to note that the higher the weight percentage of additive used in the target polymer composition or polymer, the greater the energy barrier result. In this sense, regardless of the exemplary values ​​suggested above, the additive can be understood to be greater than 0% up to 16% in the target polymer composition or polymer. In preferred embodiments, the additive of the present invention is present at any concentration (w / w) of 0.001%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, or any range inclusive, based on the total weight of the polymer composition. The difference in the resulting energy barrier depends on the amount added. The higher the amount added, the greater the barrier obtained. Of course, values ​​higher than those ensuring, for example, maximum thermodynamic barrier, can be added only by choice and are therefore not limiting. The difference in the resulting energy barrier depends on the amount added. The higher the loading, the greater the barrier obtained. Of course, higher loadings than those that ensure, for example, maximum thermodynamic barrier, can be added only as a matter of choice and are therefore not limiting.

[0117] At this concentration, the target polymer composition or polymer exhibits both dimensional stability and energy transfer barrier (hinderance or restriction) properties.

[0118] If the focus is on dimensional stability, i.e. energy exchange, concentrations starting from about 4% by weight of additive relative to the final weight of the polymer composition or polymer are acceptable and sufficient, even if limited.

[0119] Of course, using lower concentrations of additives or lower loadings of additives also provides some dimensional stability and limits energy exchange, but is less efficient.

[0120] Furthermore, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, for lower loadings of additive, higher concentrations of additive can be used in a linear relationship to achieve the desired results, however this is not a preferred alternative as it tends to increase the cost of the additive and therefore the value of the final polymer.

[0121] Theoretical models suggest that the additive can achieve the desired effect (depending on its concentration) when the atomic packing fraction (or APF) is hexagonal close packed at least 50%, preferably 53% to 80%, more preferably 74% or more, and even more preferably 76% or more.

[0122] It is important to emphasize that the present additive does not change the properties of the target polymer composition or polymer, such as melting point, flame retardancy, etc., but is a functional additive that imparts dimensional stability and hinders or limits energy transfer based on the rationale explained above. Of course, if interference with the properties is desired, there is nothing to prevent it, and for this purpose, one skilled in the art simply needs to adjust the chemical composition or mix in other additives.

[0123] Thus, the additives can be incorporated into the polymer composition or polymer in various ways, for example during its manufacturing process (injection, molding, melting, extrusion, lamination, etc., among others) or even afterwards, by surface application, for example by spray, paint, film, coating layer, etc.

[0124] Furthermore, if the additive is incorporated into the production line of the polymer composition or polymer, the additive can be added directly during any stage thereof without the need to modify the equipment or production process.

[0125] Other Embodiments—Additional Ingredients In alternative embodiments, additional components can be added to the additive, for example to adjust its coloration, to assign color, translucency, or even light blocking properties to the additive, thereby transferring this property to the polymer composition in which the additive is incorporated.

[0126] Depending on the components used, the additives may have a whitish appearance, which may affect the final appearance of the polymer composition or polymer, for example, in the case of transparent products. Therefore, components for adjusting the color scheme, such as functional stabilizers such as magnesium chloride, may be used at a concentration sufficient to achieve the desired effect.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, the functional stabilizer is present at a concentration (w / w) ranging from about 5% to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the additive, or at any concentration (w / w) of 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, or any range therein inclusive, based on the total weight of the additive. In even more preferred embodiments, the functional stabilizer is present in a concentration (w / w) of 7% to 35%, 10% to 33%, 12% to 31%, 15% to 30%, or 15% to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the additive.

[0128] Method for obtaining additives Methods for preparing the additives are also described herein.

[0129] Given that the additives have specific molecular and electrostatic properties, those skilled in the art will understand that simply mixing the final components identified above is not sufficient to produce the effects achieved by the described additives.

[0130] The method described herein comprises: a. obtaining a mixture of fatty acids and a solvent to obtain fatty acids having a low entropy relative to the entropy of the fatty acids in their natural state; b. obtaining a mixture comprising the mixture of item (a) and a paramagnetic component, resulting in a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and negative electrostatic charges on the valence shell of the polymer molecules; c. obtaining a mixture comprising the mixture of item (b) and an anchoring substrate to form an anchoring support for the target polymer; Includes.

[0131] In this document, the term "obtain" or "obtaining" refers to the process by which the described mixture is obtained by combining specific ingredients or by purchasing / obtaining an already prepared mixture.

[0132] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the paramagnetic component can be mixed with the anchoring substrate before being incorporated into the mixture obtained in item (a). This mixture is intended to dilute the natural color of the paramagnetic component, for example, purple in the case of titanium chloride. Of course, this step is not necessary if the final color of the additive does not affect the final product (for example, in the case of a dark polymer), but it is important if a translucent polymer, such as a transparent film, is desired.

[0133] In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the additional step of: a. Incorporating additional ingredients, such as functional stabilizers, into the mixture obtained in step (c) to adjust the final aesthetic properties (e.g., color) of the additive. It can also include:

[0134] The features and parameters of each of the steps described herein are known to those skilled in the art who will be able to reproduce the method without undue experimentation, as the purpose of each of the steps is clearly described.

[0135] Furthermore, the procedures for carrying out these steps to achieve the desired effect are well within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art and therefore do not require further detailed discussion herein.

[0136] Solvents generally have a high evaporation rate, and therefore the solvent used in step (a) will naturally evaporate in subsequent steps of the process described herein and therefore will not form part of the final composition of the resulting additive.

[0137] As explained above, the solvent functions to reduce entropy, which occurs through organization of the fatty acid molecules. Additionally, the solvent is also useful for reducing the strength of the fatty acids, and therefore is useful in other steps of the process.

[0138] In preferred embodiments, the ratio of fatty acid to solvent used in step (a) of the process is in the range of about 0.5:2 to about 4:0.5, and in more preferred embodiments, the ratio is in the range of about 1:1.5 to about 3:1.5, about 1:1 to about 3:1, or about 1:1 to about 2:1.

[0139] In a more preferred embodiment, the solvent is selected from cyclohexanone, ethoxyethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and sodium acetate trihydrate. Even more preferably, the solvent is ethyl acetate, sodium acetate trihydrate, or an equivalent.

[0140] In another preferred embodiment, the solid support is selected from polyamide 6 (PA 6), carboxylic acid, ethyl acetate, larsite, methyl 2-methylpropenoate, acetylsalicylic acid, tetrafluoroethylene, lignin, zinc oxide, and glycerol monostearate (GMS).

[0141] The concentrations of the other ingredients can be easily inferred by one skilled in the art from their final concentrations in the additives described above.

[0142] Therefore, the additive obtainable or obtainable by the above method is also an embodiment encompassed herein.

[0143] The additives described herein can be incorporated into any polymer composition or polymer, such as nylon, Kevlar®, vinyl acetate polymers, polycarbonate (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acetal (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyester, polyurethane, Celeron, phenolic resins, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., particularly any polymer or polymer composition derived from polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). The properties of dimensional stability and impeding or limiting energy exchange are imparted by the final structure and electronic configuration of the combination of the polymer and the additives described herein, and one skilled in the art can readily design polymers and polymer compositions to which the additives can be added.

[0144] By way of example and not limitation, Table 1 below lists materials containing the additives claimed herein.

[0145] [Table 1]

[0146] Applications and Benefits In a preferred embodiment, the additive is used as an additive component in a polymer composition or polymer.

[0147] As mentioned above, the purpose of using said additives is to provide dimensional stability and prevent or limit the transfer of energy. However, despite the main focus on dimensional stability and the prevention or limitation of the transfer of energy, especially heat or cold, given the properties obtained, it can also be understood that the additives can be used as sound barriers, by the same principle already explained above (immobilization of polymer molecules to which the additives of the present invention are added).

[0148] The most obvious practical applications of the resulting compounds can be seen in their use to manufacture a wide range of items, including, but not limited to, food preservation packaging, fresh produce, automotive parts and films, conductor and semiconductor coatings, general electronics, home appliances, construction materials, aerospace parts, textiles, motorcycle accessories, clothing, paints, varnishes, medical materials and devices, tents, coolers, optics (such as visors and glasses), and more specialized applications such as containers for medical items, organ transport, and similar uses.

[0149] Other applications include articles or products for the construction industry, where the thermodynamic insulating properties of the article are required. In such cases, polymer compounds prove to be substantially advantageous from both an economic and an environmental standpoint compared to traditionally used materials. Another potential application is in the automotive industry, where multiple parts can benefit from the dimensional and thermodynamic stability properties of the compounds.

[0150] Other non-exhaustive examples of applications or products include containers for solids and liquids (bottles, jars, etc.), textile industry, medical devices, soundproofing equipment, machine parts in general, coatings (whether in the form of a spray or pre-molded layer) for product and equipment applications, paints, varnishes, films, laminate layers, deposited coatings on surfaces or sandwich structures, food packaging, bottles, yogurt containers, ice cream cups, thermal bottles, thermal bags, film-coated cans, pharmaceutical packaging, blisters for packaging tablets in the pharmaceutical industry, vaccine vials, containers for transporting organs, boxed liquid packaging, ice packs, food films, hydraulic pipes, oil and gas pipelines, construction paints, films and coatings for various applications, textiles, automotive plastics, solar panels, tires, and any polymer solution aimed at improving dimensional stability, increasing thermodynamic insulation, improving temperature insulation, increasing gas impermeability or increasing sound insulation.

[0151] Given that it is a thermal barrier, its uses range from reducing energy consumption in refrigeration and heating systems to minimizing the production of high-impact materials such as aluminum and reducing the carbon footprint, among other environmental benefits.

[0152] The present invention allows products to be packaged, for example, frozen, and remain in that state without the need for refrigeration. Items such as ice cream or yogurt can be sold on regular supermarket shelves without refrigeration. Similarly, bagged ice can be sold on regular shelves without refrigeration. This applies to countless other products, such as butter, whipped cream, margarine, fish, meat, vegetables, etc. Such a solution allows these products to be preserved until they are removed from their packaging, and this preservation capacity can be maintained if the packaging is reusable.

[0153] The carton packaging according to the present invention can be defined as packaging for liquid, semi-solid, or ready-to-eat foods (such as chickpeas, beans, corn, peas, etc.) comprising a cardboard layer, an outer polyethylene layer outside the cardboard layer, and at least one inner polyethylene layer inside the cardboard layer. The outer polyethylene layer and / or the at least one inner polyethylene layer comprise a valence shell with coordinate bonds, heterogeneous surface catalysis, and hexagonal close packing. The thickness of the polyethylene layer containing the additive of the present invention can range from 0.1 nanometer to 3 mm.

[0154] Meanwhile, the energy consumed in refrigerating food products during transport can be dramatically reduced. This is because refrigerated vehicles use less energy to keep the environment refrigerated because they can be packaged using the technology of the present invention or even insulated with the materials of the present invention. No, or virtually no, temperature increases occur through the side walls, only by opening and closing the refrigerator compartment. The same applies to conventional refrigerators, freezers, and ovens, which become much more energy-efficient.

[0155] The present invention can also be applied to waterproof canvas in general, such as heat-resistant gloves, fabrics, clothing, sleeping bags, insulated bottles and cups, coolers, lunch boxes, tents, truck tarpaulins, etc., to ensure the desired temperature and thermal comfort.

[0156] Of course, the present invention can be applied to household appliances, ovens, stoves, both interior and exterior vehicle parts (paints, window films, wraps, etc.), electrical components, marine, train, aviation and aerospace applications, general industry, industrial refrigeration systems (chilled water systems, etc.), air conditioning (equipment and pipes), and heated air systems (heat pumps, etc.).

[0157] The benefits are enormous in building construction, as energy consumption can be significantly reduced through the use of paints, films, or coatings applied to windows, facades, roofing materials, and hot or cold water piping systems. This allows for more efficient buildings with less environmental impact. Furthermore, building construction can reduce expenditures on heating or cooling due to the substantial reduction in energy transfer through materials, minimizing heat loss or gain. In other words, heat loss is blocked. For example, hot water pipes can maintain the water temperature for a long time after a bath, preventing the waste of water and energy used for heating.

[0158] For example, soft drinks or beer can be packaged frozen in plastic bottles, such as PET bottles, containing the additive of the present invention and will remain cold for weeks or even months without the need for refrigeration. Alternatively, regular packaging can be chilled and then coated with a film or spray layer containing the product of the present invention to ensure it remains cold over time. As another option, for example, aluminum can be coated internally and / or externally with a film containing the additive of the present invention, designed to hold beverages such as beer, juice, soft drinks, soup, dairy products, tea, and other cold or hot beverages as needed for each application. This means you can enjoy a cold beer at the beach, even if it is packaged weeks before production.

[0159] The opposite is also possible, meaning that items can be packaged hot and maintain that temperature with no or minimal heat loss, which is particularly important for applications such as fast food packaging, food delivery, take-out containers, etc.

[0160] In one possible configuration, additives can be used in packaging to increase or ensure the shelf life of the product. For example, a beverage can be packaged frozen and maintained at a desired temperature. The opposite is also possible, meaning that a product or liquid can be packaged at a high temperature and maintained at that temperature until it is opened.

[0161] In sealed packages using the polymer additive described in this invention, the temperature rise was less than 2%. In some tests, the package had to be opened for measurements, and the temperature rise was less than 1% over 20 days. Of course, this effect can be controlled by adjusting the mass of the additive in the final polymer composition, as already explained.

[0162] In one possible embodiment, for example, a product and / or packaging can be conceived that includes a polymer layer containing the additive of the present invention and laminated to a cardboard layer (e.g., cellulose-based). In this case, the polymer layer is applied to the interior surface of the cardboard without the need for an aluminum layer, which would otherwise interfere with or eliminate the light and oxygen barrier function. In this way, the present invention ensures food preservation more efficiently than those using aluminum, provides excellent gas, heat, and light protection, and also avoids the negative environmental impacts associated with the use of aluminum, both in terms of extraction and recycling difficulties when extruded into paper and polyethylene. Furthermore, it presents a method advantage because it simply simplifies the use of cardboard and polymer layers.

[0163] In another technical solution, the present invention allows refrigerators and freezers to incorporate additives into expanded polymers in their walls and doors, or through additional layers of paint and / or film applied to their exterior, allowing for significant reductions in the refrigeration chain. This allows the cold to be contained in a highly efficient manner, requiring thinner insulating walls compared to current solutions.

[0164] In the opposite scenario, applications in ovens, stoves, gas or charcoal grills, or other heat sources can prevent heat loss by applying the technology of the present invention, and the thickness of the insulating wall can also be reduced, thereby increasing the internal space. It is important to note that polymers such as polypropylene or polyethylene polymers incorporating the additives of the present invention retain the same melting point as polymers without the additive. In other words, the melting point remains unchanged; in the present invention, the material maintains its dimensional stability up to the melting point, at which point it disintegrates. This is a particularly valuable property because the material can function as a flame retardant or barrier up to its melting point. This application is particularly relevant to cables or electrical components, and paints or coatings for building construction. To further enhance this capability, the additives of the present invention can be combined with PTFE-based polymer compositions to further delay or prevent fires due to PTFE's higher melting point.

[0165] In another scenario, houses, vehicles, coolers, display stands, etc. could be coated and windows could be provided with a layer that prevents internal temperature fluctuations, resulting in significant energy savings and contributing to solving one of the major challenges facing humanity today: the environmental impact caused by excessive energy consumption.

[0166] For example, hot water pipes in residential buildings can be constructed using the solution of the present invention to prevent the waste of heated water that would otherwise cool in the pipes until the next hot shower, thereby saving both water and energy.

[0167] For example, polymer fibers incorporating the present invention, such as nylon, have thermal properties that allow for the production of textiles, clothing, and footwear. A camping tent never gets hot inside, even in the blazing sun at, say, 40°C. A thermos bottle has the ability to maintain the temperature of its contents, whether cold or hot, for a much longer period of time during use thanks to the applied thermal barrier.

[0168] Coatings requiring high temperature resistance can be applied, for example, to motorcycle exhaust systems incorporating Teflon with the additive of the present invention to prevent accidents caused by heat transfer and burns.

[0169] Optically important materials, such as helmet visors, can prevent energy transfer between their exterior and interior surfaces, thereby eliminating condensation and therefore fogging. Coatings and layers can be applied to lenses for this purpose.

[0170] Ice packs can be sold on supermarket shelves without the need for refrigeration, and food can be packaged without the need for a cold chain or with its use greatly reduced.

[0171] The practical result of using the additive of the present invention is that the condensation effect that occurs on the surface of products, containers or packaging whose contents are at a temperature lower than room temperature is eliminated or substantially limited.Because of the thermal barrier created by the functional additive proposed herein, there is no effective energy transfer throughout the structure of the compound, which means that the container is not heated or cooled according to the temperature of the item inside, and therefore condensation on its surface is prevented.This effect is convenient and beneficial for a wide range of commercial and industrial applications.

[0172] It is worth noting that such functional additives can be used to obtain polymer compositions such as paints and varnishes, which can be applied in the above applications to form a layer on a surface, thereby imparting to the product or part of the product the properties of dimensional and thermodynamic stability achieved by the use of the additive.

[0173] The functional additives can also be used to obtain compounds that form part of an article such as a part, plate, surface, or layer, which are subsequently used in the manufacture of a final product. Furthermore, the additives can result in compounds intended for forming multi-layer surfaces, whether in a "sandwich" configuration or not, for example, in the outer, inner, and / or intermediate layers of the surface.

[0174] It is also important to note that the present additive has environmental appeal. Firstly, it is possible to use natural fatty acids, such as ricinoleic acid, derived from castor oil (30%). While it is common to use synthetic additives or petroleum-derived compounds as polymer additives, this is not essential to the present invention.

[0175] Furthermore, given its dimensional stability and its ability to limit or prevent energy exchange, the polymer compositions or polymer additives described herein can be used in applications that currently require significant energy consumption, such as refrigeration systems. Due to the properties imparted by the additives, any chamber or space coated with a polymer composition or polymer containing the additives proposed herein will require substantially less energy to be cooled, in addition to maintaining the cooling effect for a significantly longer period of time.

[0176] Laboratory Testing The tests shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9 were performed on polyethylene pots (base and lid) thermoformed with the additive of the present invention, applying weight percentages of additive greater than 5% to achieve thermodynamic or temperature insulation close to 100%.

[0177] In this context, solids, liquids, and semi-solids were placed in separate containers and kept at the same temperature, 20°C below room temperature. A thermometer was also placed inside each container to allow daily temperature measurements.

[0178] Measurements were carried out at controlled times, and to obtain a reading the pot was opened, the reading recorded, and then immediately closed.

[0179] In conclusion, it is apparent that the additives of the present invention provide the polymeric compounds to which they are attached a thermodynamic block never before detected in polymeric materials.

[0180] For the semi-solid contents, the temperature or energy loss over 30 days was 1.59%, while for the liquid contents the loss was 3.6% and for the solid contents the loss was 4.5% over the same 30 day period.

[0181] The differences found can be explained by the fact that heat exchange with the outside atmosphere is greater, especially for solids, depending on the time of day when the lid is opened to measure the temperature. On average, the temperature loss was found to be about 0.05% per day (every 24 hours).

[0182] In contrast, the same polyethylene polymer composition without the additive of the present invention has a temperature loss of about 48% per day. In other words, in practical tests, the solution of the present invention performed more than 900 times better than the prior art in terms of thermodynamic resistance, or resistance to temperature loss inside the pot.

[0183] In tests conducted without the lid open, it is estimated that the temperature loss is much lower, possibly as low as 0.01 or even 0.001 per day, if not lower.

[0184] The invention therefore ensures the possibility of maintaining, for example, cooling or heating conditions, and in particular guarantees a greater gas barrier, provides a reduction in energy consumption, and CO 2 It provides a solution that has such an absolute impact on reducing consumption that it has such high environmental benefits that there are situations where you have energy savings of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or even 90% or more.

[0185] Identification of the present invention in a polymer composition, polymer, or product In a preferred embodiment, the product, polymer composition, or polymer is any product, polymer composition, or polymer that includes at least one moiety with a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and coordination layering (negative electrostatic charge in the valence shell) as a result of the addition of an additive described herein. In other words, the presence of the techniques of the present invention, i.e., hexagonal close-packed and surface heterogeneous catalysis, can be identified by scanning microscopy.

[0186] Therefore, the present invention involves pyrolysis to form a carbonaceous layer with a negative electromagnetic surface, and the bonds are covalent in the atomic structure, which inhibits atomic molecular agitation. In other words, the covalent bonds make the packing factor denser, limiting energy penetration.

[0187] Although examples of preferred embodiments have been described, it should be understood that the scope of the invention encompasses other possible variations and is limited only by the content of the appended claims, including possible equivalents.

Claims

1. - fatty acids, a paramagnetic component; - Anchoring substrate and An additive comprising:

2. 10. The additive of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is present in a concentration of about 5% to about 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive.

3. 3. The additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fatty acid is an unsaturated fatty acid containing at least one hydroxyl group (OH) located away from the end of the carbon chain.

4. 4. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fatty acid has a hydroxyl group on the 12th carbon of the chain, preferably the fatty acid has a chain of 18 carbons, more preferably the fatty acid is derived from castor oil, and even more preferably the fatty acid is ricinoleic acid.

5. 5. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the paramagnetic component is present in a concentration of about 1% to about 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the additive.

6. 6. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the paramagnetic component is any component capable of maintaining the valence shell of the target polymer composition or polymer with a negative charge.

7. 7. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the paramagnetic component is selected from copper sulfate, sodium, strontium, magnesium and titanium chloride, preferably the paramagnetic component is titanium chloride.

8. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the anchoring substrate is present in a concentration of about 20% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive.

9. 9. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the anchoring substrate is a solid or liquid anchoring substrate selected from glycerol monostearate (GMS), polyamide 6 (PA 6), larsite (methyl 2-methypropenoate), tetrafluoroethylene, lignin, zinc oxide, silicone oil, tributyl citrate, and calcium carbonate.

10. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the anchoring substrate is a solid anchoring substrate.

11. 11. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the solid anchoring substrate is calcium carbonate.

12. 12. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it additionally contains a functional stabilizer, preferably magnesium chloride.

13. 13. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the functional stabilizer is present in a concentration of about 5% to about 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive.

14. 14. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and a negative electrostatic charge in the valence shell.

15. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is for the addition of polymer compositions or polymers.

16. 16. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the polymer composition or polymer is selected from nylon, Kevlar®, vinyl acetate polymers, polycarbonate (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acetal (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), paper and cellulose, polyester, polyurethane, Celeron, as well as phenolic resins, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene.

17. A method for obtaining an additive according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising the steps of: a. obtaining a mixture of fatty acids and a solvent to obtain low entropy fatty acids; b. obtaining a mixture comprising the mixture of item (a) and a paramagnetic component, resulting in a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and negative electrostatic charges on the valence shell of the polymer molecules; c. obtaining a mixture comprising the mixture of item (b) and an anchoring substrate to form an anchoring support for the target polymer; A method comprising:

18. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises the additional step of mixing the paramagnetic component with the anchoring substrate before incorporating it into the mixture obtained in item (a).

19. Additionally, a. Incorporating additional ingredients, such as functional stabilizers, into the mixture obtained in step (c) to adjust the final aesthetic properties (e.g., color) of the additive.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that it comprises:

20. 20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the fatty acid:solvent ratio used in step (a) of the method is in the range of about 0.5:2 to 4:0.

5.

21. 21. The process according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the solvent is selected from cyclohexanone, ethoxyethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and sodium acetate trihydrate, or mixtures thereof.

22. 22. The process according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the solvent is ethyl acetate.

23. 23. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the functional stabilizer is magnesium chloride.

24. 24. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the solid support is selected from polyamide 6 (PA 6), carboxylic acid, ethyl acetate, larsite, methyl 2-methylpropenoate, acetylsalicylic acid, tetrafluoroethylene, lignin, zinc oxide, and glycerol monostearate (GMS).

25. Additive, characterized in that it is obtainable or obtained by the method according to any one of claims 17 to 24.

26. 26. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 25, characterized in that it is for use in a polymer composition or in a polymer.

27. 26. Use of an additive according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 25, characterized in that it is a polymer composition or a polymer.

28. 26. A product characterized in that it comprises an additive according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 25.

29. 1. An article of manufacture characterized by comprising at least one moiety having a hexagonal close-packed molecular structure and a negative electrostatic charge in the valence shell.

30. 26. A polymer composition or polymer, characterized in that it comprises an additive according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 25.

31. A polymer composition or polymer, characterized in that the additive is contained in the target polymer composition or polymer in an amount of more than 0.001% to 16% by weight (w / w) relative to the total weight of the polymer composition.

32. A polymer composition or polymer characterized by comprising a molecular structure exhibiting hexagonal close packing and at least one moiety provided with heterogeneous surface catalysis.

33. A material comprising at least one portion simultaneously provided with a coordinated valence layer and heterogeneous surface catalysis.

34. 34. The material according to claim 33, characterized in that it is selected from nylon, Kevlar®, vinyl acetate polymers, polycarbonate (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acetal (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyester, polyurethane, Celeron, phenolic resins, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and polypropylene, and is added with an additive according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 25.

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