Centrals

Abstract

To provide a centering device capable of suppressing the detachment of an outer peripheral end member fixed to the outer peripheral surface of an end plate even when the setting and demolding of the end plate are repeated.SOLUTION: The arch center includes a diameter-expandable form 11 and an end plate unit 13 for closing a working face side with respect to a concrete placing space 502. The end plate unit 13 has an end plate 131, a hydraulic cylinder 133 attached to the end plate 131, an outer peripheral end member 137 inserted between the tunnel wall surface 501 and the outer peripheral surface of the end plate 131, and a support member 136 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the end plate 131 and supporting the outer peripheral end member 137 from the concrete placing space 502 side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a center. [Background technology]

[0002] In tunnel construction, a centering tool is sometimes used to pour concrete into the tunnel walls. The centering tool is equipped with a formwork that allows the tunnel to expand in the radial direction and a gable plate that prevents poured concrete from flowing out toward the tunnel face.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a center configured to move an end plate in the radial direction using an actuator. In the center disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the end plate is set, the actuator attached to the end plate is extended, and when the end plate is removed from the mold, the actuator is retracted.

[0004] In the center tunnel disclosed in Patent Document 1, a seal packing is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the end plate. The seal packing is provided to seal the gap between the rough tunnel wall surface and the outer peripheral surface of the end plate. Although not explicitly stated in Patent Document 1, the seal packing is thought to be made of an elastic material such as rubber. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 03-119293 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The end plate of the center tunnel is removed radially inward after the lining concrete has hardened. In this case, since it is difficult to remove the plate from the form when it is in close contact with the concrete, the end plate is moved toward the tunnel face to create a gap between it and the concrete before being removed from the form.

[0007] However, in the centering of the conventional technology, there are cases where the fixing portion of the seal packing to the outer peripheral surface of the end plate comes off when the end plate is moved toward the face. This will be explained using Figure 7.

[0008] 7, in a center tunnel according to the conventional technology, after the lining concrete 503 has hardened, the end plate 931 is moved toward the tunnel face as shown by arrow D1. This leaves a gap G between the inner surface 931b of the lining concrete 503 and the end plate 931, allowing the end plate 931 to be smoothly demolded radially inward as shown by arrow D4.

[0009] In this case, the outer peripheral end member (such as a seal packing) 937 fixed to the outer peripheral surface 931a of the end plate 931 is also moved toward the tunnel face, and the inner surface 937d is separated from the lining concrete 503. When the end plate 931 is moved toward the tunnel face, the outer peripheral surface 937b of the outer peripheral end member 937 is in close contact with the tunnel wall surface 501 in an elastically compressed state. Therefore, a force as indicated by arrow D2 acts on the outer peripheral surface 937b of the outer peripheral end member 937, and a shear force as indicated by arrow D3 acts on the inner peripheral surface 937a. Therefore, in the center tunnel according to the conventional technology, each time the end plate 931 is demolded, the outer peripheral end member 937 may come off the outer peripheral surface 931a of the end plate 931, or the outer peripheral end member 937 may be damaged.

[0010] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a center that can prevent the outer peripheral end member fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the end plate from coming off, even when the end plate is repeatedly set and removed from the form. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] A center according to one aspect of the present invention is a center used for pouring lining concrete onto a tunnel wall surface, and comprises: a formwork that can be expanded in diameter to leave a gap relative to the tunnel wall surface; and an end plate unit that closes the face side of the concrete pouring space formed between the tunnel wall surface and the formwork in its expanded diameter state.The end plate unit has: an end plate that is arranged on the face side of the concrete pouring space and is configured to be able to move toward the face side so that a gap is created between the poured concrete and the end plate when the formwork is removed; an actuator that is attached to the end plate and moves the end plate in the radial direction of the tunnel; an outer peripheral end member that is formed using an elastic member and is arranged on the outer peripheral surface radially outside of the end plate and that closes the face side of the concrete pouring space in cooperation with the end plate; and a support member that is attached to the end plate and supports the outer peripheral end member from the concrete pouring space side.

[0012] In the center tunnel according to the above aspect, an actuator that moves the end plate in the radial direction of the tunnel is attached to the end plate, so the end plate can be set and removed by driving the actuator, which makes the work more efficient and labor-saving compared to when the end plate is set and removed by hand by an operator.

[0013] In addition, since support members are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the end plate to support the outer peripheral end member from the concrete pouring space side, the outer peripheral end member is prevented from coming off the outer peripheral surface of the end plate when the end plate is moved toward the face during demolding. In other words, when the end plate is moved toward the face, the outer peripheral end member fixed to the outer peripheral surface is also moved toward the face, but during this movement the outer peripheral end member is pushed by the support members from the concrete pouring space side, so shear force is suppressed between the outer peripheral surface of the end plate and the outer peripheral end member. Therefore, in the centering structure according to the above aspect, the outer peripheral end member is prevented from coming off the outer peripheral surface of the end plate when the end plate is moved toward the face.

[0014] In the center of the above aspect, the end plate may be formed using steel.

[0015] In the center tower according to the above aspect, the end plate is made of steel, so even if the end plate is used continuously, it can be prevented from being damaged or deformed. Therefore, with the center tower according to the above aspect, there is no need to replace the end plate, and running costs can be reduced.

[0016] In the center of the above aspect, the end plate unit may further have a temperature control member that is attached to the end plate and adjusts the temperature of the lining concrete poured in the concrete pouring space.

[0017] The tunnel face side where the lining concrete is poured is often cooler than the outside of the tunnel. In this case, when the poured concrete hardens, a temperature difference occurs between the poured concrete and the outside of the end plate (outside the tunnel face). When such a temperature difference occurs, cracks may occur in the hardened lining concrete. In contrast, in the center tunnel according to the above embodiment, a temperature control member (e.g., a heater) is attached to the end plate, so the temperature of the lining concrete can be adjusted and cracks can be prevented from occurring in the hardened lining concrete.

[0018] Furthermore, since the end plates are made of steel as described above, good heat transfer is possible between the temperature control member and the lining concrete, thereby enabling efficient temperature control of the lining concrete.

[0019] In the center of the above aspect, the temperature control member may be attached to the main surface of the end plate facing the face side.

[0020] In the center tunnel according to the above aspect, the temperature control member is attached to the main surface of the end plate on the face side, so that the temperature control member is prevented from being damaged when pouring lining concrete into the concrete pouring space or when the lining concrete hardens. In other words, the end plate (a plate made of steel) inserted between the lining concrete and the temperature control member functions as a protective member for the temperature control member.

[0021] In the center of the above-mentioned aspect, the end plate may be journaled to the actuator so that the outer peripheral end of the end plate can rotate toward the face side, and the end plate unit may further have a pressing member that presses the end plate, with the face side closed, against the end of the formwork on the face side.

[0022] In the center of the above-mentioned embodiment, the end plate unit further has a pressing member, which more effectively prevents gaps from occurring between the end plate and the formwork when pouring concrete into the concrete pouring space.

[0023] In the center of the above aspect, the end plate unit may further have a rotation restricting member that restricts the end plate from rotating relative to the actuator when the face side is closed.

[0024] In the center tunnel according to the above aspect, the end plate unit further includes a rotation restricting member, which makes it possible to prevent a gap from occurring between the outer peripheral end member and the tunnel wall surface when the end plate is set.

[0025] In the center according to the above aspect, the formwork may be formed using a fiber reinforced resin material.

[0026] The center according to the above aspect includes a formwork made of fiber-reinforced resin, which allows the formwork to be lightweight, allowing a small-sized device to be used for expanding the formwork diameter, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] In the center according to each of the above aspects, even when the end plate is repeatedly set and removed from the mold, the outer peripheral end member can be prevented from coming off. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a front view of the center of the embodiment as seen from the face side. [Figure 2] This is a side view showing the end panel unit in the center trunk. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the end plate and its surrounding structure. [Figure 4] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing the process of setting the end panel unit, in which FIG. 10A shows the state before the end panel unit is set, and FIG. 10B shows the state after the end panel unit is set. [Figure 5] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing the process of demolding the end panel unit, where (a) shows the state after the fixing device has been removed, and (b) shows the process of separating the end panel from the covering concrete. [Figure 6] 10 is a diagram for explaining the force acting on the outer peripheral end member when the end plate is separated from the lining concrete. FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the end plate and its surroundings in a center column according to the prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments except for the essential configuration.

[0030] 1. Structure of Centru 1 The configuration of a center 1 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

[0031] As shown in Figure 1, the center tunnel 1 comprises a formwork 11 that is expandable to fit the tunnel wall surface 501, a frame 12 that supports the formwork 11 on the tunnel roadbed surface 500, and a gable unit 13 that closes the face side (the front side of the paper in Figure 1) of the concrete pouring space between the expanded formwork 11 and the tunnel wall surface 501.

[0032] The center 1 according to this embodiment is configured to be movable on rails laid on the roadbed surface 500 toward the tunnel face.

[0033] 2. Configuration of Gable Board Unit 13 The configuration of the end panel unit 13 in the center tower 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG.

[0034] 2, the end plate unit 13 has a unit frame 130, an end plate 131, a hydraulic cylinder (actuator) 133, an outer peripheral end member 137, and a support member 136. The unit frame 130 is joined to the frame 12, and has a main frame portion 130a extending along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and sub-frame portions 130b and 130c extending in the radial direction of the tunnel.

[0035] The end plate 131 is a fan-shaped plate material whose outer periphery is configured to fit along the tunnel wall surface 501. In this embodiment, the end plate 131 is formed using steel. However, the material from which the end plate 131 is formed is not limited to this. For example, metal materials other than steel, wood, etc. may also be used.

[0036] In this embodiment, a heater (temperature control member) 132 is attached to the end plate 131. The heater 132 is attached to the main surface (main surface on the face side) on the +Z side of the end plate 131, opposite the concrete pouring space 502 where the lining concrete is poured. The heater 132 adjusts the temperature of the poured concrete if the ambient temperature is low when the concrete is poured.

[0037] In the center 1 according to this embodiment, a heater 111 is also attached to the formwork 11. The heater 111 attached to the formwork 11 is also provided to adjust the temperature of the poured concrete. In this embodiment, the formwork 11 is made of a fiber-reinforced resin material (for example, GFRP or CFRP). However, the formwork 11 may also be made of a metal material such as steel.

[0038] The hydraulic cylinder 133 has a lower end 133c fixed to the main frame portion 130a of the unit frame 130, and is attached to the end plate 131 by the tip end 133b of the rod 133a. The hydraulic cylinder 133 moves the end plate 131 in the radial direction of the tunnel in response to commands from the operator. The end plate 131 is pivotally supported by the tip end 133b of the hydraulic cylinder 133, and is able to rotate around this pivoted point. In other words, the end plate 131 is configured so that it can move toward the tunnel face after the concrete has been poured, leaving a gap between it and the poured concrete.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 3 , the outer peripheral end member 137 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface 131a on the radially outer side of the end plate 131 with the support member 136 sandwiched therebetween. In this embodiment, the outer peripheral end member 137 is formed using an elastic material (for example, hard sponge). As a result, in a natural state where the outer peripheral end member 137 is not subjected to a pressing force in the radial direction of the tunnel, the outer peripheral surface 137b on the radially outer side is located at a height H2 from the outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131. In contrast, in a pressed state where the outer peripheral end member 137 is pressed against the tunnel wall surface 501 due to the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 133, the outer peripheral surface 137c in the pressed state (the outer peripheral surface when compressed) is located at a height H3 from the outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131. When the outer peripheral end member 137 is pressed against the tunnel wall surface 501 by the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 133, it cooperates with the end plate 131 to close the face side (+X side) of the concrete pouring space 502.

[0040] An inner peripheral surface 137a of the outer peripheral end member 137 abuts against an outer peripheral surface 136b of the support member 136. The outer peripheral end member 137 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface 136b of the support member 136 using an adhesive. However, the means for fixing the outer peripheral end member 137 to the support member 136 is not limited to this, and the outer peripheral end member 137 may be fixed by screwing using a bolt or by using a rivet.

[0041] Furthermore, the surface (inner surface) 137d of the outer peripheral end member 137 facing the concrete pouring space 502 abuts against the face-side surface (outer surface) 136c of the support member 136. However, a minute gap (for example, a gap of about several mm) may be provided between the inner surface 137d of the outer peripheral end member 137 and the outer surface 136c of the support member 136.

[0042] The support member 136 has a substantially L-shape when viewed from a side in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. An inner peripheral surface 136a of the support member 136 abuts against an outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131. The support member 136 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131. The support member 136 is fixed to the end plate 131 by welding or screwing using bolts. However, adhesive may also be used for fixing.

[0043] Here, the radial height H1 of the support member 136 relative to the outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131 is set to be lower than the height H3 of the outer peripheral surface 137c when compressed. That is, as shown in Figure 2, even when the outer peripheral end member 137 is pressed against the tunnel wall surface 501 by the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 133, the support member 136 is configured not to come into contact with the tunnel wall surface 501.

[0044] In this embodiment, the inner surface 136d of the support member 136 is disposed so as to be substantially flush with the inner surface 131b of the end panel 131 that faces the concrete pouring space 502. This prevents steps from occurring in the poured concrete. However, it is not an essential requirement that the inner surface 136d of the support member 136 and the inner surface 131b of the end panel 131 be flush with each other, and a step may be present.

[0045] The end plate unit 13 further includes a support member (rotation restricting member) 134 and a fixing device (pressing member) 135. The support member 134 is an expandable member, and can be installed between the sub-frame portion 130b of the unit frame 130 and the radially outer portion of the end plate 131.

[0046] The fixture 135 is a member movably supported on the sub-frame portion 130c of the unit frame 130, and is capable of pressing the radially inner portion of the end plate 131 toward the concrete pouring space 502 side.

[0047] The end plate 131 is restricted in rotation by the support member 134 and pressed by the fixing device 135, so that it is pressed tightly against the end of the face side of the formwork 11.

[0048] 3. Setting and removing the end board 131 The setting and removal of the end plate 131 will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0049] As shown in Figure 4(a), after expanding the formwork 11, in order to set the end plate 131 so as to close the face side of the concrete pouring space 502, the hydraulic cylinder 133 is driven to move the end plate 131 radially outward as indicated by arrow A1. In this process, the fixing tool 135 is retracted toward the face side.

[0050] Next, as shown in Figure 4(b), the end plate 131 is moved radially outward until the outer peripheral end member 137 abuts (abuts in a compressed state) against the tunnel wall surface 501, and then the fixing tool 135 is advanced toward the end plate 131 as shown by arrow A2. As a result, the end plate 131 is pressed against the end of the formwork 11 on the face side.

[0051] Although not shown in the drawings, a support member 134 (see FIG. 2) is installed between the radially outer portion of the end plate 131 and the sub-frame portion 130b. In this state, concrete is poured into the concrete pouring space 502, and this state is maintained until the poured concrete hardens.

[0052] After the poured concrete has hardened, the end plate 131 is removed from the form. To remove the end plate 131, as shown in FIG. 5(a), the support member 134 is removed, and then the fixing tool 135 is retracted as shown by the arrow B1.

[0053] Next, as shown in Figure 5(b), the end plate 131 is moved toward the working face as indicated by arrow B2. The movement of the end plate 131 toward the working face is achieved by rotating the end plate 131 and the hydraulic cylinder 133 at the pivotal support points of the hydraulic cylinder 133 with the rod 133a and at the pivotal support points of the hydraulic cylinder 133 with the main frame part 130a.

[0054] As shown in Figure 6, in order to create a gap G between the lining concrete 503 and the end plate 131, the end plate 131 is moved toward the tunnel face. In this case, the outer peripheral end member 137 attached to the end plate 131 is also moved toward the tunnel face as shown by arrow C1. In this case, the inner surface 137d of the outer peripheral end member 137 is pressed by the outer surface 136c of the support member 136 from the concrete pouring space 502 side as shown by arrow C3. As a result, when the end plate 131 moves toward the tunnel face, a force as shown by arrow C2 acts on the outer peripheral surface 137b of the outer peripheral end member 137, but no shear force acts on the inner peripheral surface 137a.

[0055] 4.Effects In the center 1 according to this embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder (actuator) 133 that moves the end plate 131 in the radial direction of the tunnel is attached to the end plate 131, so that the end plate 131 can be set and removed by driving the hydraulic cylinder 133. This makes it possible to improve the efficiency and reduce the labor required for the work compared to when the end plate 131 is set and removed manually by an operator.

[0056] Furthermore, a support member 136 that supports the outer peripheral end member 137 from the concrete pouring space 502 side is attached to the outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131, preventing the outer peripheral end member 137 from coming off the outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131 when the end plate 131 is moved toward the face during form stripping. That is, when the end plate 131 is moved toward the face, the outer peripheral end member 137 fixed to the outer peripheral surface 131a is also moved toward the face. During this movement, the outer peripheral end member 137 is pushed toward the +Z side by the support member 136 from the concrete pouring space 502 side, preventing shear force from acting between the outer peripheral surface 131a of the end plate 131 and the outer peripheral end member 137. Therefore, in the center 1, the outer peripheral end member 137 is prevented from coming off the end plate 131 when the end plate 131 is moved toward the face during form stripping.

[0057] Furthermore, in the center 1, the end plate 131 is formed using steel, so even if the end plate 131 is used continuously, damage or deformation of the end plate 131 can be suppressed. Therefore, in the center 1, there is no need to replace the end plate 131, and running costs can be reduced.

[0058] The tunnel face side where the lining concrete is poured is often cooler than the outside of the tunnel. In this case, when the poured concrete hardens, a temperature difference occurs between the poured concrete and the outside of the end plate 131 (outside the tunnel face). When such a temperature difference occurs, cracks may occur in the hardened lining concrete. In response to this, the center tunnel 1 is equipped with a heater (temperature control member) 132 attached to the end plate 131, which allows the temperature of the lining concrete to be regulated and prevents cracks from occurring in the hardened lining concrete.

[0059] Furthermore, since the end plate 131 is made of steel as described above, good heat transfer is possible between the heater 132 and the lining concrete, thereby enabling efficient temperature control of the lining concrete.

[0060] In addition, in the center 1, the heater 132 is attached to the main surface of the end plate 131 on the face side, which prevents the heater 132 from being damaged when pouring lining concrete into the concrete pouring space 502 or when the lining concrete hardens. In other words, the end plate 131 interposed between the lining concrete and the heater 132 functions as a protective member for the heater 132.

[0061] In addition, in the center 1, the end plate unit 13 further has a fixing device (pressure member) 135, which can more effectively prevent gaps from occurring between the end plate 131 and the formwork 11 when pouring concrete into the concrete pouring space 502.

[0062] In addition, in the center 1, the end plate unit 13 further includes a support member (rotation restriction member) 134, which prevents a gap from occurring between the outer peripheral end member 137 and the tunnel wall surface 501 when the end plate 131 is set.

[0063] Furthermore, since the center 1 is equipped with a formwork 11 formed using fiber reinforced resin (GFRP, CFRP, etc.), it is possible to make the formwork 11 lightweight. Therefore, a small-sized device can be used to expand the diameter of the formwork 11, which allows for reduction in manufacturing costs.

[0064] As described above, in the center 1 according to this embodiment, even when the end plate 131 is repeatedly set and removed from the mold, it is possible to prevent the outer peripheral end member 137 from coming off.

[0065] [Variations] In the above embodiment, the end panel unit 13 has the support member 134 and the fixing device 135, but in the present invention, it is not necessary to have the support member 134 or the fixing device 135, or it may have only one of them.

[0066] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a side panel 131 formed using steel material is used, but in the present invention, a side panel formed using fiber reinforced resin may be used, or a side panel formed using wood may be used.

[0067] In the above embodiment, the heater 132 is attached to the end plate 131, but in the present invention, it is not essential to attach a temperature control member such as a heater to the end plate. Also, instead of a heater as the temperature control member, a flow path for a heat medium (gas, liquid) may be provided in the end plate.

[0068] In the above embodiment, the heater 132 is attached to the main surface of the end plate 131 on the face side, but in the present invention, the temperature control member may be attached to the main surface of the end plate on the side facing the concrete pouring space. In this case, the same effect as above can be achieved by attaching a protective member to prevent the temperature control member from being damaged by the poured concrete.

[0069] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 133 is used as an example of an actuator, but in the present invention, a pneumatic cylinder, an electric motor, or the like may also be used as the actuator. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 10 Center 11 Formwork 13 Wife board unit 131 Wife board 132 Heater (temperature control component) 133 Hydraulic cylinder (actuator) 134 Support member (rotation restriction member) 135 Fixture (Pressing member) 136 Support member 137 Outer peripheral end member

Claims

1. A center used to pour lining concrete onto a tunnel wall, A formwork whose diameter can be expanded to have a gap with respect to the tunnel wall surface; A face plate unit that closes the face side of the concrete pouring space formed between the tunnel wall surface and the formwork in the expanded diameter state; Equipped with The end panel unit is A gable plate is arranged on the face side of the concrete pouring space and is configured to be movable toward the face side so as to create a gap between the poured concrete and the gable plate when the form is removed; an actuator attached to the end plate and configured to move the end plate in a radial direction of the tunnel; a peripheral end member formed using an elastic member, disposed on the radially outer peripheral surface of the end plate, and cooperating with the end plate to close the face side of the concrete pouring space; a support member attached to the end plate and supporting the outer peripheral end member from the concrete pouring space side; having Center.

2. The end plate is formed using steel material. The center according to claim 1.

3. The end plate unit is attached to the end plate and further includes a temperature control member that controls the temperature of the lining concrete poured in the concrete pouring space. The center according to claim 1 or claim 2.

4. The temperature control member is attached to a main surface of the end plate facing the face side, The center according to claim 3.

5. the end plate is pivotally supported by the actuator so that an outer peripheral end of the end plate can rotate toward the face side, The end board unit further includes a pressing member that presses the end board with the face side closed against the end of the formwork on the face side. The center according to claim 1 or claim 2.

6. The end plate unit further includes a rotation restricting member that restricts the end plate from rotating relative to the actuator when the face side is closed. The center according to claim 5.

7. The formwork is formed using a fiber reinforced resin material. The center according to claim 1 or claim 2.

Images