Multilayer container

Abstract

To provide a multilayer container.SOLUTION: A multilayer container and a method of forming a multilayer container are described. The multilayer container comprises one or more walls defining a storage region for containing one or more substances therein. Each wall of the multi-layer container comprises a plurality of layers, each layer providing at least one of a barrier for containing one or more substances within the storage region or structural integrity of the multi-layer container. The manufacture of multilayer containers does not form perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl materials.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This patent application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 662,477, entitled "MULTILAYERED CONTAINERS," filed June 21, 2024. The above-mentioned application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] 1.Technical Field FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to chemical storage vessels. More particularly, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to multi-layer chemical storage vessels. [Background technology]

[0003] 2. Related fields Previous techniques for forming chemical storage containers involve fluorinating polyethylene, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE). By fluorinating the polyethylene container, the container reduces solvent permeation through the container wall. However, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a hazardous category of chemicals, are created in the production of fluorinated polyethylene containers. PFAS pose a potential threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, current chemical storage containers lack environmentally safe components capable of containing a wide range of chemicals. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure solve the above-described problems by providing a multi-layer container that does not create perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during its manufacture. Embodiments of the present disclosure do not include multi-layer containers that include fluorinated polyethylene, so that the manufacture of the multi-layer container does not create PFAS. Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure include multi-layer containers that include multiple layers configured to provide one or more barriers that prevent or reduce the permeation of one or more substances through the multi-layer container. Embodiments of the present disclosure include one or more walls of a multi-layer container that include three or more layers, each layer including a material configured to prevent or reduce the permeation of one or more substances through the wall of the multi-layer container. Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide methods for manufacturing a multi-layer container, as described herein.

[0005] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container including a storage area configured to accommodate one or more substances and one or more walls defining the storage area, each wall including: a first layer configured to provide a liquid barrier to the storage area, the first layer comprising a high-density polyethylene material; a second layer configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage area, the second layer comprising an ethyl vinyl alcohol material; and a third layer configured to provide rigidity to the one or more walls, wherein the first layer is an innermost layer of each wall, the third layer is an outermost layer of each wall, the second layer is between the first layer and the third layer, and the one or more walls do not comprise a fluorinated polyethylene material.

[0006] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container, wherein each wall further comprises a fourth layer comprising a nylon material, the fourth layer being between the first layer and the third layer.

[0007] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, where a first layer comprises 5% to 60% of the thickness of each wall, a second layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of each wall, and a third layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of each wall.

[0008] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container, wherein each wall further includes a fourth layer between the first and third layers, and wherein the fourth layer constitutes 5% to 30% of the thickness of the multi-layer container.

[0009] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, wherein the fourth layer does not include an adhesive material.

[0010] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container, wherein the third layer comprises at least one of a high density polyethylene material or a low density polyethylene material.

[0011] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, where the first and third layers protect the second layer from degradation.

[0012] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, wherein the one or more substances include at least one of a polar solvent or a non-polar solvent.

[0013] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container comprising: a storage area configured to accommodate one or more substances; and one or more walls defining the storage area, each wall including a first layer configured to provide a liquid barrier to the storage area, a second layer configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage area, and a third layer configured to provide rigidity to the one or more walls, wherein the first layer is an innermost layer of each wall, the third layer is an outermost layer of each wall, the second layer is between the first layer and the third layer, and wherein the one or more walls do not comprise a fluorinated polyethylene material.

[0014] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container, wherein a first layer comprises 5% to 60% of the thickness of the multi-layer container, a second layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of the multi-layer container, and a third layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of the multi-layer container.

[0015] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container further comprising a fourth layer between the first and third layers, the fourth layer comprising 5% to 30% of the thickness of the multi-layer container.

[0016] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, where the thickness of the multi-layer container is up to 10 millimeters.

[0017] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, wherein the first layer and the third layer comprise a polyethylene material.

[0018] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, where the storage area has a volume in the range of 1 liter to 5.5 liters.

[0019] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to multi-layer containers, wherein the one or more substances include one or more pathology reagents.

[0020] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a multi-layer container, wherein the one or more pathology reagents include at least one of an aldehyde, hematoxylin, alcohol, xylene, or an oxidizing agent.

[0021] In some embodiments, techniques described herein relate to a method for forming a multi-layer container, the method including: extruding a multi-layer parison, the multi-layer parison comprising: a first layer comprising a high-density polyethylene material; a second layer comprising an ethyl vinyl alcohol material; and a third layer comprising a high-density or low-density polyethylene material, wherein the first layer is an innermost layer of the multi-layer parison, the third layer is an outermost layer of the multi-layer parison, and the second layer is between the first and third layers, and the multi-layer parison does not comprise a fluorinated polyethylene material; surrounding at least a portion of the multi-layer parison with a shaped mold; blowing air into the multi-layer parison such that the multi-layer parison is formed to the shape of the mold to form the multi-layer container; and removing the multi-layer container from the mold.

[0022] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to methods, the methods further comprising removing excess material from the multi-layer container.

[0023] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein removing excess material forms a handle for the multi-layer container.

[0024] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to methods, wherein the multi-layer parison further comprises a fourth layer.

[0025] This summary is provided to introduce in a simplified form some concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Other aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawing figures. The present invention provides, for example, the following items. (Item 1) A multi-layer container, a storage area configured to contain one or more substances; and one or more walls defining the storage area, each wall comprising: a first layer configured to provide a liquid barrier to the storage area, a first layer comprising a high density polyethylene material; a second layer configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage region, a second layer comprising an ethyl vinyl alcohol material; and a third layer configured to provide rigidity to the one or more walls; the first layer being the innermost layer of each wall, the third layer being the outermost layer of each wall, and the second layer being between the first layer and the third layer; A multi-layer container wherein the one or more walls do not include a fluorinated polyethylene material. (Item 2) each wall further comprising a fourth layer comprising a nylon material; The multilayer container described in the above item, wherein the fourth layer is between the first layer and the third layer. (Item 3) the first layer comprises 5% to 60% of the thickness of each wall; the second layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of each wall; The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the third layer constitutes 5% to 50% of the thickness of each wall. (Item 4) Each wall is further comprising a fourth layer between the first layer and the third layer; The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the fourth layer constitutes 5% to 30% of the thickness of the multilayer container. (Item 5) The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the fourth layer does not include an adhesive material. (Item 6) The multilayer container of any one of the preceding items, wherein the third layer comprises at least one of a high-density polyethylene material or a low-density polyethylene material. (Item 7) The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the first layer and the third layer prevent deterioration of the second layer. (Item 8) The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the one or more substances include at least one of a polar solvent or a non-polar solvent. (Item 9) A multi-layer container, a storage area configured to contain one or more substances; and one or more walls defining the storage area, each wall comprising: a first layer configured to provide a liquid barrier to the storage area; a second layer configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage region; a third layer configured to provide rigidity to the one or more walls; the first layer being the innermost layer of each wall, the third layer being the outermost layer of each wall, and the second layer being between the first layer and the third layer; A multi-layer container wherein the one or more walls do not include a fluorinated polyethylene material. (Item 10) the first layer constitutes 5% to 60% of the thickness of the multilayer container; the second layer constitutes 5% to 50% of the thickness of the multilayer container; The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the third layer constitutes 5% to 50% of the thickness of the multilayer container. (Item 11) further comprising a fourth layer between the first layer and the third layer; The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the fourth layer constitutes 5% to 30% of the thickness of the multilayer container. (Item 12) A multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the thickness of the multilayer container is at most 10 millimeters. (Item 13) The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the first layer and the third layer comprise a polyethylene material. (Item 14) The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the storage area has a volume within a range of 1 liter to 5.5 liters. (Item 15) The multilayer container according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the one or more substances include one or more pathological reagents. (Item 16) The multilayer container of any one of the preceding items, wherein the one or more pathological reagents include at least one of an aldehyde, hematoxylin, alcohol, xylene, or an oxidizing agent. (Item 17) 1. A method for forming a multi-layer container, the method comprising: extruding a multi-layer parison, the multi-layer parison comprising: a first layer comprising a high density polyethylene material; a second layer comprising an ethyl vinyl alcohol material; and a third layer comprising a high density or low density polyethylene material; the first layer is an innermost layer of the multi-layer parison, the third layer is an outermost layer of the multi-layer parison, and the second layer is between the first layer and the third layer; extruding a multi-layer parison, wherein the multi-layer parison does not include a fluorinated polyethylene material; enclosing at least a portion of the multi-layer parison with a shaped mold; blowing air into the multi-layer parison so that the multi-layer parison forms to the shape of the mold to form the multi-layer container; and removing the multi-layer container from the mold. (Item 18) 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising removing excess material from the multi-layer container. (Item 19) 10. The method of claim 1, wherein removing the excess material forms a handle for the multi-layer container. (Item 20) 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-layer parison further comprises a fourth layer. (Summary) A multi-layer container and a method for forming the multi-layer container are described. The multi-layer container comprises one or more walls defining a storage area for storing one or more substances therein. Each wall of the multi-layer container comprises a plurality of layers, each layer providing at least one of a barrier for storing one or more substances in the storage area or structural integrity for the multi-layer container. The production of the multi-layer container does not form perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

[0026] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing figures. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0027] [Figure 1A] 1 depicts an exemplary multi-layer container according to some embodiments. [Figure 1B] 1 depicts an exemplary multi-layer container according to some embodiments. [Figure 1C] 1 depicts an exemplary multi-layer container according to some embodiments. [Figure 2A] 1 depicts an exemplary multi-layer container wall according to some embodiments. [Figure 2B] 1 depicts an exemplary multi-layer container wall according to some embodiments. [Figure 3] 1 depicts an exemplary method for forming a multi-layer container according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] The drawing figures are not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure.

[0029] The following detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure refers to the accompanying drawings that illustrate specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the present disclosure in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized, and changes may be made, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

[0030] In this description, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "an embodiment" mean that the referenced feature(s) are included in at least one embodiment of the present technology. Separate references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "an embodiment" in this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they mutually exclusive, unless specifically stated otherwise and / or readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this description. For example, a feature, structure, or operation described in one embodiment may, but is not necessarily, included in other embodiments. Thus, the present technology may include various combinations and / or integrations of the embodiments described herein.

[0031] There is a need for a container that can contain a wide range of chemicals without creating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during the manufacture of such a container. Embodiments of the present disclosure do not include multi-layer containers that include fluorinated polyethylene, so that the manufacture of the multi-layer container does not create PFAS. Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure include multi-layer containers that include multiple layers configured to provide one or more barriers that prevent or reduce the permeation of one or more substances through the multi-layer container, thereby containing one or more substances. Embodiments of the present disclosure include one or more walls of a multi-layer container that include three or more layers, each layer including a material configured to prevent or reduce the permeation of one or more substances through the wall of the multi-layer container.

[0032] 1A-1C depict an exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer container 100. The multi-layer container 100 may include a storage area 102, a neck 104, a lid 106, one or more walls 108, and a handle 110. In some embodiments, the multi-layer container 100 includes multiple layers. For example, one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100 may include multiple layers, such as a first layer 112, a second layer 114, a third layer 116, and a fourth layer 118, which are described in detail below. In some embodiments, the one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100 may include three or more layers, four or more layers, or between three and seven layers.

[0033] One or more walls 108 may define boundaries for the storage area 102. Furthermore, one or more walls 108 may define the volume of the multi-layer container 100 and / or the volume of the storage area 102. For example, one or more walls 108 may enclose a volume of 5 liters (L), thereby defining the storage area 102 having a volume of 5 L. In some embodiments, the multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102 may have a volume of less than 0.5 L, less than 1 L, less than 2 L, less than 5 L, less than 10 L, less than 25 L, or greater than 25 L. In some embodiments, the volume of the multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102 may be in the range of 1 L to 5.5 L, in the range of 5 L to 10 L, in the range of 10 L to 25 L, in the range of 25 L to 50 L, or greater than 50 L. For example, the storage area 102 may have a volume of 5 L.

[0034] Embodiments are contemplated in which one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100 may comprise three or more layers, four or more layers, five or more layers, or between three and seven layers. For example, one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100 may comprise a first layer 112, a second layer 114, a third layer 116, and / or a fourth layer 118, as described further below. In some embodiments, the thickness of the wall 108 may be up to 20 millimeters (mm), up to 17.5 mm, up to 15 mm, up to 12.5 mm, up to 10 mm, up to 7.5 mm, or up to 5 mm. For example, the thickness of the wall 108 may be within a range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, e.g., 4 mm. Embodiments in which the thickness is greater than 20 mm are contemplated. In some embodiments, the thickness of the wall 108 may depend, at least in part, on the volume of the storage region 102. For example, the thickness of the wall 108 may increase as the volume of the storage region 102 increases.

[0035] In some embodiments, the neck 104 may include threads to facilitate closing and / or opening the multi-layer container 100 via the lid 106. For example, the neck 104 may include threads that mate with threads disposed on the lid 106, thereby restricting access to the contents contained within the multi-layer container 100 when closed. Additionally, the threads of the lid 106 may be disengaged or otherwise separated from the threads of the neck 104 to open the multi-layer container 100 and access the contents therein. Embodiments are contemplated in which the threads of the neck 104 may be utilized to attach or secure a valve, faucet, stopcock, or other device configured to control the flow of the contents of the multi-layer container 100. Embodiments are contemplated in which the lid 106 fits onto the neck 104 via a snap-fit ​​connection or other suitable connection.

[0036] Embodiments are contemplated in which the multi-layer container 100 comprises multiple storage areas 102, multiple necks 104, multiple lids 106, multiple walls 108, and / or multiple handles 110. For example, the multi-layer container 100 may comprise multiple handles 110, including a first handle on a first side and a second handle on a second side. In another example, the multi-layer container 100 may comprise multiple necks 104 such that the contents of the multi-layer container 100 can be controllably emptied and / or flowed from each neck 104.

[0037] FIG. 1A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer container 100 according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the multi-layer container 100 may not include a handle 110. For example, as depicted in FIG. 1A, the multi-layer container 100 may not include a handle 110. The volume of the multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102 may be small enough (e.g., less than 2 L) that a user can lift the multi-layer container 100 via one or more walls 108. Furthermore, the shape of the multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102 may be configured to allow a user to hold the multi-layer container 100 via one or more walls 108. For example, the multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102 may include an hourglass-like shape to facilitate a user's ability to hold the multi-layer container 100 via the wall(s) 108. Furthermore, the shape of the storage area 102 and / or one or more walls 108 may include one or more curved surfaces to facilitate a user's ability to hold the multi-layer container 100 via the wall(s) 108. Additionally or alternatively, the shape of the storage area 102 and / or one or more walls 108 may include one or more ridges or grooves to facilitate a user's ability to hold the multi-layer container 100 via the one or more walls 108.

[0038] FIG. 1B depicts an exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer container 100 according to some embodiments. The multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102 may be cylindrical in shape. In some embodiments, the handle 110 may be attached to a side of the storage area 102. For example, the handle 110 may be disposed proximate an upper and / or distal portion of the storage area 102. In some embodiments, the location of the handle 110 may facilitate accessibility of the contents of the multi-layer container 100. For example, disposing the handle 110 proximate an upper portion of the storage area 102 may facilitate rotating the multi-layer container 100 in an open position so that the contents of the multi-layer container 100 may be more easily dispensed and / or poured. In some embodiments, the handle 110 may be formed simultaneously with the multi-layer container 100. Alternatively, or in addition, the handle 110 may be attached to the storage area 102 after the multi-layer container 100 is formed.

[0039] 1C depicts an exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer container 100 according to some embodiments. The multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102 may be rectangular shaped. In some embodiments, the handle 110 may be disposed on the same side as the neck 104 and the lid 106. In some embodiments, the handle 110 may be disposed above the center of gravity of the multi-layer container 100 to facilitate carrying the multi-layer container 100. For example, the handle 110 may be disposed near an upper portion of the storage area 102 such that the center of gravity of the multi-layer container 100 is located below at least a portion of the handle 110.

[0040] Embodiments are envisioned in which the neck 104 may be on any location on the multi-layer container 100. For example, the neck 104 may be disposed proximate the bottom of the multi-layer container 100 and / or the storage area 102. Additionally, the neck 104 may be proximate a bottom portion of the multi-layer container 100 and connected to a valve, faucet, stopcock, or other controllable passageway or outlet, such that a user can control the drainage and / or flow of contents from the multi-layer container 100. For example, the neck 104 may be disposed proximate the bottom of the storage area 102 and include threads configured to mate with a valve, such that a user can control the flow of contents from the storage area 102 via the valve.

[0041] Embodiments are contemplated in which the multi-layer container 100 may not include the neck 104 and / or the lid 106. For example, the multi-layer container 100 may not include the neck 104 and the lid 106, such that the multi-layer container 100 may include at least one opening to the storage area 102. Further, for example, the top portion of the multi-layer container 100 may be open, such that the contents of the multi-layer container 100 are accessible without opening or removing the lid 106.

[0042] 2A-2B depict exemplary embodiments of at least one wall 108 of multi-layer container 100. FIG. 2A depicts an embodiment of wall 108 comprising first layer 112, second layer 114, and third layer 116. FIG. 2B depicts an embodiment of wall 108 comprising first layer 112, second layer 114, third layer 116, and fourth layer 118. In some embodiments, multi-layer container 100 comprises one or more walls 108 that define storage area 102, and each wall 108 of multi-layer container 100 comprises three or more layers, four or more layers (e.g., layers 112, 114, 116, and / or 118), five or more layers, or between three and seven layers. For example, each wall 108 may include a first layer 112, a second layer 114, and a third layer 116. In some embodiments, one or more walls 108 may include one or more adhesive layers configured to facilitate adhesion of two or more layers. Alternatively, one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100 may not include an adhesive material.

[0043] The first layer 112 may be the innermost layer of the wall 108. In some embodiments, the first layer 112 may be utilized to prevent or reduce liquid penetration from the multi-layer container 100. For example, the first layer 112 may be utilized to prevent or reduce liquid penetration of solvents from the storage region 102 of the multi-layer container 100. Additionally or alternatively, the first layer 112 may be utilized to prevent or reduce permeation of polar molecules from the multi-layer container 100. For example, the first layer 112 may prevent or reduce permeation of polar solvents, such as water and / or acetone, from the storage region 102 of the multi-layer container 100.

[0044] The first layer 112 may provide a liquid barrier to prevent liquids or aqueous materials contained within the multi-layer container 100 from permeating through the walls 108. The first layer 112 may be configured to provide a liquid barrier in the storage area 102 of the multi-layer container 100. For example, the first layer 112 may be configured to prevent or reduce permeation of liquids, such as polar solvents, through one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100. The first layer 112 may further provide at least one of rigidity or flexibility to the one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100. For example, the first layer 112 may include a rigid material, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or a flexible material, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), such that the first layer 112 provides rigidity and / or flexibility to the multi-layer container 100.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first layer 112 may comprise a polyethylene material, such as an HDPE material, a medium density polyethylene (MDPE) material, or an LDPE material. As used herein, HDPE material refers to a material with a density of 0.940 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cm 3 ) Density greater than, for example, 0.970 g / cm 3 and the MDPE material may have a density of 0.926 g / cm 3 ~0.940g / cm 3 Density in the range of, for example, 0.930 g / cm 3 and the LDPE material may have a density of 0.940 g / cm 3 Density less than, for example, 0.880 g / cm 3, 0.910g / cm 3 , or 0.925 g / cm 3 Embodiments are contemplated in which first layer 112 does not comprise fluorinated polyethylene (e.g., fluorinated HDPE), such that formation of first layer 112 of multi-layer container 100 does not form PFAS. Embodiments are contemplated in which first layer 112 may include a polymeric or resinous material.

[0046] The second layer 114 may be an intermediate layer of the wall 108. In some embodiments, the second layer 114 may be utilized to prevent or reduce the permeation of gases and / or vapors from the multi-layer container 100. For example, the second layer 114 may be utilized to prevent or reduce the permeation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and / or xylene from the storage region 102 of the multi-layer container 100. Additionally or alternatively, the second layer 114 may be utilized to prevent or reduce the permeation of non-polar molecules, such as acetic acid, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, from the multi-layer container 100. The second layer 114 may provide a gaseous barrier to prevent gases and / or vapors generated by outgassing of the contents within the multi-layer container 100 from permeating through the wall 108. For example, the second layer 114 may prevent or reduce the permeation of outgassing from xylene outside the storage region 102 of the multi-layer container 100.

[0047] The second layer 114 may include an ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH) material, a nylon material, or other suitable material. For example, the second layer 114 may include an EVOH material, where the EVOH material provides a gaseous barrier and / or prevents the penetration of non-polar molecules. Furthermore, the molar concentration of EVOH in the second layer 114 may range from 27% to 48%. For example, the molar concentration of EVOH in the second layer 114 may be 35%. In another example, the second layer 114 may include a nylon material, where the nylon material provides a gaseous barrier and / or prevents the penetration of non-polar molecules.

[0048] The third layer 116 may be the outermost layer of the multi-layer container 100. In some embodiments, the third layer 116 may be configured to provide at least one of rigidity or flexibility to one or more walls 108 of the multi-layer container 100. For example, the third layer 116 may include a rigid material, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), such that the third layer 116 provides rigidity to the one or more walls 108. The third layer 116 may further provide a liquid barrier to prevent liquids or aqueous materials contained within the multi-layer container 100 from permeating through the walls 108. For example, the third layer 116 may provide a liquid barrier to prevent liquids from permeating into and / or out of the storage region 102 of the multi-layer container 100. Additionally or alternatively, the third layer 116 may prevent or reduce the permeation of polar molecules into and / or out of the multi-layer container 100. For example, the third layer 116 may prevent or reduce the penetration of polar molecules through the walls 108 that would otherwise penetrate and degrade the second layer 114. For example, the third layer 116 may prevent or reduce the penetration of water through one or more walls 108 into the storage area 102.

[0049] In some embodiments, third layer 116 may include a rigid material (e.g., HDPE) to provide rigidity to multi-layer container 100. Alternatively, or in addition, third layer 116 may include a pliable material (e.g., low-density polyethylene (LDPE)) that can bend and / or deform when a force is applied to multi-layer container 100. In some embodiments, third layer 116 may include a polyethylene material, such as an HDPE material, a medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), or an LDPE material. Embodiments are contemplated in which third layer 116 does not include fluorinated polyethylene (e.g., fluorinated HDPE) such that formation of multi-layer container 100 does not form PFAS.

[0050] The fourth layer 118 may be an intermediate layer of the wall 108. As depicted in FIG. 2B , the fourth layer 118 may be between the first layer 112 and the third layer 116, and / or between the second layer 114 and the third layer 116. In some embodiments, the fourth layer 118 may be utilized to prevent or reduce permeation of gases from the multi-layer container 100. For example, the fourth layer 118 may be utilized to prevent or reduce permeation of gases and / or vapors generated from outgassing of xylene from the storage area 102 of the multi-layer container 100. Additionally or alternatively, the fourth layer 118 may be utilized to prevent or reduce permeation of non-polar chemicals, such as acetic acid, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, from the multi-layer container 100. The fourth layer 118 may cooperate with the second layer 114 to provide a barrier to gases, vapors, and / or non-polar chemicals contained within the multi-layer container 100 so that they do not permeate through the wall 108. In some embodiments, the fourth layer 118 may include an EVOH material or a nylon material. For example, the fourth layer 118 may include a nylon material that provides a gaseous barrier.

[0051] In some embodiments, the fourth layer 118 may facilitate adhesion of the layers described above. Additionally, the fourth layer 118 may be an adhesive layer configured to facilitate adhesion of one or more layers (e.g., layers 112, 114, and / or 116). For example, the fourth layer 118 may comprise an adhesive resin such that the fourth layer 118 facilitates adhesion between layers of one or more walls 108 (e.g., adhesion between the second layer 114 and the third layer 116). Embodiments are contemplated in which the fourth layer 118 may include a resin adhesive material, an epoxy adhesive material, or any other suitable adhesive material capable of promoting adhesion between layers. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the fourth layer 118 may not include an adhesive material.

[0052] In some embodiments, each wall 108 includes one or more adhesive layers between the layers described above to facilitate adhesion of the layers of the wall 108 (e.g., layers 112, 114, 116, and / or 118). For example, an adhesive layer may be between the first layer 112 and the second layer 114, between the second layer 114 and the fourth layer 118, and / or between the fourth layer 118 and the third layer 116. In another example, an adhesive layer may be between the first layer 112 and the second layer 114, and / or between the second layer 114 and the third layer 116. In some embodiments, the one or more adhesive layers may comprise up to 30%, up to 20%, up to 15%, up to 10%, 5% to 30%, 5% to 20%, 5% to 15%, or 5% to 10% of the thickness of the wall 108. Embodiments in which the wall 108 does not include an adhesive layer are contemplated. For example, each layer of wall 108 (eg, layers 112, 114, 116, 118) may be free of adhesive material.

[0053] In some embodiments, one or more walls 108 may be free of fluorinated polyethylene material (e.g., fluorinated HDPE material). Each layer (e.g., layers 112, 114, 116, 118) of wall 108 may be free of fluorinated polyethylene (e.g., fluorinated HDPE) so that the formation of multi-layer container 100 does not create per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). More specifically, first layer 112 and / or third layer 116 may be free of fluorinated polyethylene (e.g., fluorinated HDPE) so that PFAS are not formed by the manufacture of first layer 112 and third layer 116 of multi-layer container 100. As described above, multi-layer container 100 comprising one or more walls 108 that do not include fluorinated polyethylene material does not form PFAS during the manufacture of multi-layer container 100. Furthermore, as described above, PFAS are a hazardous category of chemicals that can pose a threat to the environment and human health. Thus, a multi-layer container 100 with one or more walls 108 that do not include fluorinated polyethylene material is more environmentally safe than a container that includes fluorinated polyethylene.

[0054] In some embodiments, the layers described above may be provided in an order such that multi-layer container 100 is configured to contain one or more chemicals and / or substances. Furthermore, the ordered layering of layers 112, 114, 116, and / or 118 may be configured to contain one or more substances, such as polar and / or non-polar chemicals, within storage area 102 of multi-layer container 100. For example, the ordered layering of first layer 112, second layer 114, and third layer 116 may be configured to contain polar solvents, such as acetone, methanol, and water, and / or non-polar solvents, such as acetic acid, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, within storage area 102 of multi-layer container 100.

[0055] The multi-layer container 100 may be configured to contain polar and / or non-polar chemicals. For example, the multi-layer container 100 may be configured to hold polar solvents such as acetone, methanol, and water, and / or non-polar solvents such as acetic acid, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the multi-layer container 100 may be configured to hold pathology reagents such as aldehydes, hematoxylin, alcohols, xylene, and / or oxidizing agents. In some embodiments, the multi-layer container 100 may be configured to hold organic compounds such as alcohols and / or aromatic compounds. In some embodiments, the multi-layer container 100 may be configured to hold at least one of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, toluene, methyl alcohol, chloroform, water, reagent-grade alcohol, or formaldehyde.

[0056] The thickness of the layers of each wall 108 (e.g., layers 112, 114, 116, 118) can be varied to achieve desired containment of one or more chemicals. In some embodiments, the first layer 112 can comprise up to 90%, up to 80%, up to 75%, 15%-65%, 20%-60%, 25%-50%, or 30%-40% of the thickness of each wall 108. In some embodiments, the first layer 112 can comprise 5%-90%, 5%-80%, 5%-70%, 5%-60%, 5%-50%, 5%-40%, 5%-30%, or 5%-20% of the thickness of each wall 108. The second layer 114 can comprise up to 90%, up to 80%, up to 75%, up to 60%, 20%-40%, or 25%-30% of the thickness of each wall 108. In some embodiments, the second layer 114 may comprise 5% to 90%, 5% to 80%, 5% to 70%, 5% to 60%, 5% to 50%, 5% to 40%, 5% to 30%, or 5% to 20% of the thickness of each wall 108.

[0057] The third layer 116 may comprise up to 75%, up to 60%, 20%-40%, or 25%-30% of the thickness of each wall 108. In some embodiments, the third layer 116 may comprise 5%-90%, 5%-80%, 5%-70%, 5%-60%, 5%-50%, 5%-40%, 5%-30%, or 5%-20% of the thickness of each wall 108. The fourth layer 118 may comprise up to 30%, up to 20%, 10%-20%, or approximately 15% of the thickness of each wall 108. In some embodiments, the fourth layer 118 may comprise 5%-50%, 5%-40%, 5%-30%, 5%-25%, 5%-20%, 5%-15%, or 5%-10% of the thickness of each wall 108. In some embodiments, the thickness of the wall 108 can be up to 20 millimeters (mm), up to 17.5 mm, up to 15 mm, up to 12.5 mm, up to 10 mm, up to 7.5 mm, or up to 5 mm. For example, the thickness of the wall 108 can be in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, e.g., 4 mm. Embodiments in which the thickness is greater than 20 mm are contemplated. In some embodiments, the thickness of the wall 108 can depend, at least in part, on the volume of the storage area 102. For example, the thickness of the wall 108 can increase as the volume of the storage area 102 increases.

[0058] In some embodiments, the thickness of each layer can affect the effectiveness of the multi-layer container 100 for containing liquid and / or gaseous materials. For example, increasing the thickness of the first layer 112 can increase the effectiveness of containing liquids and / or polar chemicals within the multi-layer container 100. In another example, increasing the thickness of the second layer 114 can increase the effectiveness of containing gases, vapors, and / or non-polar chemicals within the multi-layer container 100. The thickness of each layer can be selected to have a specific function for containing gas and / or liquid materials. For example, the second layer 114 can be in the range of 1 mm to 2 mm to enable the multi-layer container 100 to prevent or reduce the permeation of xylene through one or more walls 108.

[0059] In some embodiments, the layer order described above can be configured to reduce or prevent degradation of the multi-layer container 100. For example, an EVOH layer (e.g., the second layer 114) can be between two layers (e.g., the first layer 112 and the third layer 116) that prevent degradation of the EVOH layer. Furthermore, for example, an EVOH layer can be disposed between two layers containing an HDPE material that prevents polar molecules from penetrating through the layer and degrading the EVOH layer. In another example, a nylon layer (e.g., the second layer 114 or the fourth layer 118) can be adjacent to one or more layers (e.g., the first layer 112 and / or the third layer 116) to increase the structural integrity of the nylon layer. In some embodiments, the multi-layer container 100 can be configured to meet transportation regulatory requirements, such as drop tests, leak tests, pressure tests, stack tests, burst tests, and / or puncture tests. For example, the multi-layer container 100 can be durable enough to withstand drop tests, pressure tests, and stack tests.

[0060] FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary method 300 for forming a multi-layer container, such as multi-layer container 100. In step 302, a multi-layer parison may be extruded from an extruder die of a blow molding device. A multi-layer parison may refer to a multi-layer malleable material extruded in preparation for the blow molding process. For example, the multi-layer parison may include a first layer of a first extrusion material, a second layer of a second extrusion material, and a third layer of a third extrusion material. In some embodiments, the multi-layer parison may further include a fourth layer of a fourth extrusion material. Embodiments are contemplated in which the multi-layer parison may include four or more layers, each layer including a material such as those described above. In some embodiments, one or more layers may include the same material. For example, the first and third layers of the multi-layer parison may include HDPE material. In some embodiments, the multi-layer parison may not include fluorinated polyethylene.

[0061] The multi-layer parison can be extruded into an open mold so that the multi-layer parison can be extruded without contacting the mold surface. The multi-layer parison can be extruded to a length equal to or greater than the length of the mold. For example, the multi-layer parison can be extruded so that it extends beyond the farthest portion of the mold. The extruder die of the blow molding device can extrude the parison into a hollow cylindrical shape. Embodiments are envisioned in which the parison can be extruded into other suitable hollow shapes that allow for the formation of a multi-layer container (e.g., multi-layer container 100).

[0062] In step 304, the mold may be closed to enclose at least a portion of the multi-layer parison. For example, the mold may include two sections that were separate during step 302 but are moved together during step 304 to enclose at least a portion of the multi-layer parison. Furthermore, moving the mold to a closed configuration may enclose a portion of the multi-layer parison and trim away excess portions of the multi-layer parison. For example, in the case of a two-section mold, moving the mold sections together may create pinch points where excess portions of the multi-layer parison are removed. The mold may have a shape similar to that depicted in FIGS. 1A-1C. For example, the mold may include an hourglass shape, a cylindrical shape, or a rectangular prism shape. In some embodiments, the mold may include any combination of curves, ridges, grooves, and / or threads configured to form one or more features of the multi-layer container. For example, the mold may include one or more curves configured to form a handle (e.g., handle 110) of the multi-layer container.

[0063] In step 306, air is blown into the multi-layer parison such that it takes the shape of the mold to form a multi-layer container, such as multi-layer container 100. The mold shape may form multi-layer container 100 with ridges and / or grooves in one or more walls 108 of storage area 102. Additionally, the mold shape may form threads on neck 104 of multi-layer container 100 such that neck 104 has threads compatible with lid 106. In some embodiments, step 306 further includes cooling the multi-layer container so that the material is no longer viscous enough to flow.

[0064] In step 308, the multi-layer container (e.g., multi-layer container 100) is removed from the mold. In some embodiments, step 308 further includes removing or trimming excess material from the multi-layer container. For example, excess material may be trimmed from the top and / or bottom portions (with respect to the orientation depicted in FIGS. 1A-1C) so that the molded container is in the desired shape. In some embodiments, forming the multi-layer parison to the shape of the mold may create thin sections (e.g., portions less than 10 mm thick) designed to be removed or trimmed after forming the multi-layer container.

[0065] In some embodiments, excess material can be removed to smooth the exterior surface of the multi-layer container and / or to form or define one or more features of the multi-layer container. For example, excess material can be removed to form a handle (e.g., handle 110) or to define a neck (e.g., neck 104) of the multi-layer container. Further, for example, the mold shape can include a handle shape such that a portion of the molded container has a thin section (e.g., a section less than 10 mm thick) designed to be cut away to form the handle. In some embodiments, the lid 106 can be manufactured separately from the multi-layer container 100. For example, as described herein, the lid 106 can be manufactured using a separate process or similar blow molding technique. Embodiments are contemplated in which any of extrusion blow molding, compression blow molding, injection blow molding, or injection stretch blow molding can be used to form the multi-layer container 100. [Example]

[0066] The examples described below were conducted using the procedures set forth in 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 173, "Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packaging and Receptacles." Specifically, the following examples were conducted using a 180-day incubation period at a temperature of 18°C ​​or higher. The following examples were tested using three bottles, each containing a selected chemical, to test permeation rates over a 180-day incubation period at room temperature (RT). For each example, the bottles were placed cap-side down during the first and last 24 hours of the incubation period. After the first 24 hours, the bottles were placed in an upright orientation. The bottles remained in an upright orientation until the last 24 hours of the incubation period, when the bottles were placed cap-side down. Each bottle was weighed before and after filling the bottle with the selected chemical and after the last 24 hours of the incubation period. The permeation rate over the incubation period was then calculated for each bottle. The results for each example are listed below.

[0067] Example 1: In Example 1, three bottles were filled with xylene to test the compatibility of xylene with the bottles having EVOH layers. The bottles utilized in this example had a first layer comprising non-fluorinated HDPE, a second layer comprising EVOH, and a third layer comprising non-fluorinated HDPE. The second layer comprising EVOH was located between the first layer comprising non-fluorinated HDPE and the third layer comprising non-fluorinated HDPE. The experimental results for Example 1 are seen in Table 1 below. Using the test method described above, the bottles exhibited an average permeation rate of 0.17% with respect to xylene. This is significantly below the failure threshold (a permeation rate greater than 2.0% determined over the test period) set forth in 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 173, "Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packaging and Receptacles." Thus, the experimental results of Example 1 indicate that the bottle has an acceptable permeability to xylene (2.0% or less permeability determined over the test period). [Table 1]

[0068] Example 2: In Example 2, three bottles were filled with reagent-grade alcohol to test the compatibility of the reagent-grade alcohol with the bottles having EVOH layers. The bottles utilized in this example had a first layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE, a second layer containing EVOH, and a third layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE. The second layer containing EVOH was located between the first layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE and the third layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE. The experimental results for Example 2 are seen in Table 2 below. Using the test method described above, the bottles exhibited an average permeation rate of 0.08% with respect to reagent-grade alcohol. This is significantly below the failure threshold (a permeation rate of greater than 2.0% determined over the test period) set forth in 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 173, "Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packaging and Receptacles." Thus, the experimental results of Example 2 indicate that the bottle has an acceptable permeation rate for reagent grade alcohol (2.0% or less permeation rate determined over the test period). [Table 2]

[0069] Example 3: In Example 3, three bottles were filled with water to test the compatibility of water with the bottles having EVOH layers. The bottles utilized in this example had a first layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE, a second layer containing EVOH, and a third layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE. The second layer containing EVOH was located between the first layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE and the third layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE. The experimental results for Example 3 are shown in Table 3 below. Using the test method described above, the bottles exhibited an average water permeability of 0.13%. This is below the failure threshold (a permeability greater than 2.0% determined over the test period) set forth in 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 173, "Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packaging and Receptacles." Therefore, the experimental results for Example 3 demonstrate that the bottles have an acceptable water permeability (a permeability of 2.0% or less determined over the test period). [Table 3]

[0070] Example 4: In Example 4, three bottles were filled with acetone to test the compatibility of acetone with bottles having EVOH layers. The bottles utilized in this example had a first layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE, a second layer containing EVOH, and a third layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE. The second layer containing EVOH was located between the first layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE and the third layer containing non-fluorinated HDPE. The experimental results for Example 4 are shown in Table 4 below. Using the test method described above, the bottles exhibited an average permeation rate of 0.14% to acetone. This is significantly below the failure threshold (a permeation rate greater than 2.0% determined over the test period) set forth in 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 173, "Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packaging and Receptacles." Therefore, the experimental results for Example 4 demonstrate that the bottles have an acceptable permeation rate to acetone (a permeation rate of 2.0% or less determined over the test period). [Table 4]

[0071] The features described above and claimed below can be combined in various ways without departing from the scope thereof. The following examples illustrate some possible non-limiting combinations.

[0072] Clause 1. A multi-layer container comprising: a storage area configured to contain one or more substances; and one or more walls defining the storage area.

[0073] Clause 2. The multi-layer container of clause 1, wherein each wall comprises a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer.

[0074] Clause 3. A multi-layer container according to clause 1 or 2, wherein each wall comprises a fourth layer.

[0075] Clause 4. A multi-layer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the first layer is configured to provide a liquid barrier to the storage area.

[0076] Clause 5. The multi-layer container of any one of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the second layer is configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage area.

[0077] Clause 6. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the third layer is configured to provide rigidity to one or more walls.

[0078] Clause 7. The multi-layer container of any one of clauses 1 to 6, wherein the first layer comprises a high density polyethylene material.

[0079] Clause 8. The multi-layer container of any one of clauses 1 to 7, wherein the second layer comprises an ethyl vinyl alcohol material.

[0080] Clause 9. The multilayer container of any one of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the third layer comprises at least one of a high density polyethylene material or a low density polyethylene material.

[0081] Clause 10. The multi-layer container of any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the fourth layer comprises a nylon material.

[0082] Clause 11. The multilayer container of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the fourth layer does not include an adhesive material.

[0083] Clause 12. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 11, wherein one or more walls do not contain fluorinated polyethylene material.

[0084] Clause 13. A multi-layer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 12, wherein the first layer is the innermost layer of each wall.

[0085] Clause 14. A multi-layer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 13, wherein the third layer is the outermost layer of each wall.

[0086] Clause 15. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 14, wherein the second layer is between the first layer and the third layer.

[0087] Clause 16. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 15, wherein the fourth layer is between the first and third layers.

[0088] Clause 17. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 16, wherein the first layer constitutes between 5% and 60% of the thickness of each wall.

[0089] Clause 18. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 17, wherein the second layer constitutes between 5% and 50% of the thickness of each wall.

[0090] Clause 19. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 18, wherein the third layer constitutes between 5% and 50% of the thickness of each wall.

[0091] Clause 20. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 19, wherein the fourth layer constitutes 5% to 30% of the thickness of the multilayer container.

[0092] Clause 21. The multilayer container of any one of clauses 1 to 20, wherein the first layer and the third layer prevent deterioration of the second layer.

[0093] Clause 22. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 21, wherein the one or more substances include at least one of a polar solvent or a non-polar solvent.

[0094] Clause 23. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 22, wherein the thickness of the multilayer container is at most 10 millimeters.

[0095] Clause 24. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 23, wherein the thickness of one or more walls is at most 10 millimeters.

[0096] Clause 25. The multilayer container of any one of clauses 1 to 24, wherein the first layer comprises a polyethylene material.

[0097] Clause 26. The multilayer container of any one of clauses 1 to 25, wherein the third layer comprises a polyethylene material.

[0098] Clause 27. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 26, wherein the storage area has a volume in the range of 1 liter to 5.5 liters.

[0099] Clause 28. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 27, wherein the one or more substances include one or more pathology reagents.

[0100] Clause 29. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 28, wherein the one or more substances include at least one of an aldehyde, hematoxylin, alcohol, xylene, or an oxidizing agent.

[0101] Clause 30. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 29, wherein the one or more substances include at least one of acetone, methanol, or water.

[0102] Clause 31. The multilayer container of any one of clauses 1 to 30, wherein the one or more substances include at least one of acetic acid, chloroform, or ethyl acetate.

[0103] Clause 32. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 31, wherein the one or more substances comprise at least one or an alcohol or an aromatic compound.

[0104] Clause 33. The multilayer container of any one of clauses 1 to 32, wherein the one or more substances include at least one of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, toluene, methyl alcohol, chloroform, water, reagent grade alcohol, or formaldehyde.

[0105] Clause 34. A multilayer container according to any one of clauses 1 to 33, wherein the fourth layer is configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage area.

[0106] Clause 35. A method for forming a multi-layer container, the method including: extruding a multi-layer parison; enclosing at least a portion of the multi-layer parison with a mold having a shape; blowing air into the multi-layer parison such that the multi-layer parison is formed to the shape of the mold to form the multi-layer container; and removing the multi-layer container from the mold.

[0107] Clause 36. The method of clause 35, wherein the multi-layer parison comprises a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer.

[0108] Clause 37. The method of clause 35 or 36, wherein the first layer comprises a high density polyethylene material.

[0109] Clause 38. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 37, wherein the second layer comprises an ethyl vinyl alcohol material.

[0110] Clause 39. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 38, wherein the third layer comprises a high density polyethylene material.

[0111] Clause 40. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 39, wherein the third layer comprises a low density polyethylene material.

[0112] Clause 41. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 40, wherein the multilayer parison comprises a fourth layer.

[0113] Clause 42. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 41, wherein the fourth layer comprises a nylon material.

[0114] Clause 43. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 42, wherein the first layer is the innermost layer of a multi-layer parison.

[0115] Clause 44. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 43, wherein the third layer is the outermost layer of a multi-layer parison.

[0116] Clause 45. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 44, wherein the second layer is between the first layer and the third layer.

[0117] Clause 46. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 45, wherein the fourth layer is between the first layer and the third layer.

[0118] Clause 47. The method of any one of clauses 35-46, further comprising removing excess material from the multi-layer container.

[0119] Clause 48. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 47, wherein removing excess material forms a handle for the multi-layer container.

[0120] Clause 49. The method of any one of clauses 35 to 48, wherein the multilayer parison does not contain fluorinated polyethylene material.

[0121] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures, it should be noted that equivalents may be utilized and substitutions may be made herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims.

[0122] Having thus described various embodiments of the present disclosure, what is claimed as new and desired to be protected by patent language includes the following:

Claims

1. A multi-layer container, a storage area configured to contain one or more substances; and one or more walls defining the storage area, each wall comprising: a first layer configured to provide a liquid barrier to the storage area, a first layer comprising a high density polyethylene material; a second layer configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage area, a second layer comprising an ethyl vinyl alcohol material; and a third layer configured to provide rigidity to the one or more walls; the first layer being the innermost layer of each wall, the third layer being the outermost layer of each wall, and the second layer being between the first layer and the third layer; A multi-layer container wherein the one or more walls do not include a fluorinated polyethylene material.

2. each wall further comprising a fourth layer comprising a nylon material; The multi-layer container of claim 1 , wherein the fourth layer is between the first layer and the third layer.

3. the first layer comprising 5% to 60% of the thickness of each wall; the second layer comprising 5% to 50% of the thickness of each wall; 10. The multi-layer container of claim 1, wherein the third layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of each wall.

4. Each wall is further comprising a fourth layer between the first layer and the third layer; The multi-layer container of claim 3, wherein the fourth layer comprises 5% to 30% of the thickness of the multi-layer container.

5. The multi-layer container of claim 4 , wherein the fourth layer is free of adhesive material.

6. 10. The multi-layer container of claim 1, wherein the third layer comprises at least one of a high density polyethylene material or a low density polyethylene material.

7. The multi-layer container of claim 6, wherein the first layer and the third layer prevent deterioration of the second layer.

8. The multi-layer container of claim 1 , wherein the one or more substances include at least one of a polar solvent or a non-polar solvent.

9. A multi-layer container, a storage area configured to contain one or more substances; and one or more walls defining the storage area, each wall comprising: a first layer configured to provide a liquid barrier to the storage area; a second layer configured to provide a gaseous barrier to the storage area; a third layer configured to provide rigidity to the one or more walls; the first layer being the innermost layer of each wall, the third layer being the outermost layer of each wall, and the second layer being between the first layer and the third layer; A multi-layer container wherein the one or more walls do not include a fluorinated polyethylene material.

10. the first layer comprises 5% to 60% of the thickness of the multi-layer container; the second layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of the multi-layer container; 10. The multi-layer container of claim 9, wherein the third layer comprises 5% to 50% of the thickness of the multi-layer container.

11. further comprising a fourth layer between the first layer and the third layer; 11. The multi-layer container of claim 10, wherein the fourth layer comprises 5% to 30% of the thickness of the multi-layer container.

12. 12. The multi-layer container of claim 11, wherein the thickness of the multi-layer container is at most 10 millimeters.

13. 10. The multi-layer container of claim 9, wherein the first layer and the third layer comprise a polyethylene material.

14. 14. The multi-layer container of claim 13, wherein the storage area has a volume in the range of 1 liter to 5.5 liters.

15. The multi-layer container of claim 9 , wherein the one or more substances include one or more pathology reagents.

16. 16. The multi-layer container of claim 15, wherein the one or more pathology reagents include at least one of an aldehyde, hematoxylin, alcohol, xylene, or an oxidizing agent.

17. 1. A method for forming a multi-layer container, the method comprising: extruding a multi-layer parison, the multi-layer parison comprising: a first layer comprising a high density polyethylene material; a second layer comprising an ethyl vinyl alcohol material; and a third layer comprising a high density or low density polyethylene material; the first layer is an innermost layer of the multi-layer parison, the third layer is an outermost layer of the multi-layer parison, and the second layer is between the first layer and the third layer; extruding a multi-layer parison, wherein the multi-layer parison does not include a fluorinated polyethylene material; enclosing at least a portion of the multi-layer parison with a shaped mold; blowing air into the multi-layer parison so that the multi-layer parison forms to the shape of the mold to form the multi-layer container; and removing the multi-layer container from the mold.

18. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising removing excess material from the multi-layer container.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein removing the excess material forms a handle for the multi-layer container.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the multi-layer parison further comprises a fourth layer.

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