Load-bearing panel and method for producing a load-bearing panel

Abstract

To provide a bearing panel and a manufacturing method of the bearing panel, for easily improving efficiency of manufacture of a non-bearing structure panel and a bearing structure panel.SOLUTION: The bearing panel 1 forms a square frame by fixing an upper horizontal frame member 21, a lower horizontal frame member 22, and right and left vertical frame members 23, 23 to each other by non-welding fixing processing. A frame 2 of a non-load-bearing structure in which a fastening hole 21a and a 22a into which a bolt B is inserted are formed, and diagonal members 3 and 3 in which a fixing plate 4 and a fixing plate portion 5 having a hole 4b into which the bolt B is inserted are welded to end portions and which are diagonally arranged between corner portions of the frame 1 are provided, and the frame 2 of the non-load-bearing structure and the diagonal members 3 and 3 are fixed to beams 9 by the bolt B passed through the hole 4b, the fastening hole 21a, and the 22a and further passed through an insertion hole 91a on the beams 9 side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to load-bearing panels and methods for making load-bearing panels. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a brace-attached shear-wall construction method for panel-construction buildings in which braces are attached to non-load-bearing wall panels in an existing panel-construction building to convert the non-load-bearing wall panels into load-bearing wall panels. In this brace-attached shear-wall construction method, the non-load-bearing wall panels have a panel frame with vertical frame members on both side edges and horizontal frame members on the upper and lower ends that connect the upper and lower ends of these vertical frame members, exterior and interior facing materials attached to the outdoor and indoor faces of the panel frame, respectively, and insulation placed between these exterior and interior facing materials. The construction method further includes the steps of removing the exterior facing material and the insulation material of the non-load-bearing wall panel from the exterior side, joining reinforcing plates to the upper and lower ends of the vertical frame material exposed by the removal with fasteners that penetrate across the columns adjacent to the vertical frame material, attaching retrofit braces having gusset plates at both ends to the upper and lower ends of the vertical frame material with the gusset plates, arranging the removed insulation material or new insulation material to replace it inside the panel frame, and attaching the removed exterior facing material or new exterior facing material to the panel frame. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-169541 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, until now, non-load-bearing structural panels and load-bearing structural panels have been manufactured through separate processes, making it difficult to improve the efficiency of panel manufacturing. The method of retrofitting braces to load-bearing walls in panel-construction buildings disclosed in the above publication does not allow for the efficient manufacturing of new panels.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a load-bearing panel and a method for manufacturing a load-bearing panel that facilitates efficient manufacturing of non-load-bearing structural panels and load-bearing structural panels. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the load-bearing panel of this invention comprises a frame of a non-load-bearing structure in which an upper horizontal frame member, a lower horizontal frame member, and left and right vertical frame members are fixed to each other by a non-welded fixing process to form a rectangular frame, and fastening holes for receiving fastening members are formed; a fixing plate having a hole for receiving the fastening member welded to an end thereof, and a diagonal member disposed diagonally between the corners of the frame; The non-load-bearing structural frame and the diagonal member are fixed to the building structure by the fastening member that is passed through the hole portion, the fastening hole, and the insertion hole on the building structure side.

[0007] With the above-mentioned configuration, the non-load-bearing structural frame is used, so that the non-load-bearing structural frame can be mass-produced while the required number of load-bearing structural panels can be fabricated from the non-load-bearing structural frame, thereby improving the efficiency of fabricating both non-load-bearing structural panels and load-bearing structural panels.

[0008] At one diagonal corner of the frame, two generally parallel diagonal members spaced apart in the thickness direction of the frame are welded to one of the fixing plates. At the other diagonal corner of the frame, a first fixing plate welded to the first of the two diagonal members via a connecting plate and a second fixing plate welded to the second diagonal member are stacked with their holes aligned, and the fastening members are passed through the holes in the stacked state. This arrangement provides two generally parallel diagonal members (double braces) at the diagonal corner of the frame, ensuring high strength. Furthermore, at the other diagonal corner of the frame, the fixing plates can be separated from each other before fastening. Even if an obstacle is present, the fixing plates can be separated from each other to avoid the obstacle and then fastened.

[0009] Two diagonal members (double braces) may be arranged at each of two pairs of diagonal corners of the frame, for a total of four diagonal members arranged in a cross configuration. In this way, the double braces are arranged in a cross configuration, which makes it possible to ensure high and stable strength.

[0010] The connecting plate may be located on the rear side of the frame at the top or bottom of the two diagonal members (double braces) arranged on one diagonal corner, and the connecting plate may be located on the front side of the frame at the top or bottom of the two diagonal members arranged on the other diagonal corner. This allows the double braces to be cross-arranged, and makes it easy to align the holes and fastening holes of each double brace (prevent eccentricity).

[0011] The two diagonal members are positioned approximately parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the frame from one corner side to the other corner side of the diagonal corner of the frame, At one of the corners, the first fixing plate welded to the first of the two diagonal members via a joining plate and the second fixing plate welded to the second diagonal member are stacked so that the penetration directions of the hole portions of each other match, and the fastening member is passed through the hole portion in this stacked state, At the other corner, the first fixing plate welded to the first of the two diagonal members and the second fixing plate welded to the second diagonal member via a joining plate may be stacked with the penetration directions of the hole portions of each plate aligned, and the fastening member may be passed through the hole portions in this stacked state. In this configuration, while the double braces are arranged crosswise, the number of locations where the joining plates need to be welded increases, which has the disadvantage of increasing the workload.

[0012] Even in the type that has the disadvantage of increasing the workload, two diagonal members may be arranged at each of two pairs of diagonal corners of the frame, resulting in a total of four diagonal members arranged in a cross shape. However, this configuration also has the disadvantage that the holes and fastening holes of each of the double braces are eccentric.

[0013] In these load-bearing panels, a central crosspiece is attached to the frame, and one of the two diagonal members arranged diagonally and spaced apart may pass through the front side of the central crosspiece, and the other may pass through the back side. This allows the fixing plates to be spaced apart, and even if the central crosspiece is present, the fixing plates can be spaced apart to avoid the central crosspiece before being fixed.

[0014] In these load-bearing panels, the upper side of the vertical surface of the fixing plate is in contact with the lower side of the receiving vertical surface of the joining plate positioned intersecting the thickness direction of the frame, forming a right-angled inside corner, and the near-side end surface of the joining plate adjacent to the horizontal frame member is welded to the vertical surface, The end of the diagonal member is in contact with the rear vertical surface of the joining plate that faces away from the receiving vertical surface, and welding is performed between the end face of the diagonal member that is close to the horizontal frame member and the rear vertical surface, and welding may also be performed between the rear end face that faces away from the adjacent end face and the diagonal member. This makes it possible to minimize the occurrence of gaps when the fixing plate on the side to which the joining plate is fixed and the fixing plate on the side not having the joining plate therebetween are overlapped.

[0015] A single diagonal member may be disposed diagonally between the corners of the frame, i.e., a single brace may be used instead of the double brace.

[0016] The frame may have one diagonal member disposed at each of two pairs of diagonal corners, for a total of two diagonal members arranged in a cross shape. In other words, the frame may have a structure in which single braces are arranged in a cross shape.

[0017] In addition, the method for manufacturing a load-bearing panel of the present invention is characterized in that the non-load-bearing structural frame and the diagonal members are temporarily fastened together and transported to the site, and then the fastening members are used to integrate and fix the non-load-bearing structural frame and the diagonal members to the building structure at the site.

[0018] With this method, the non-load-bearing structural frames are mass-produced and stocked, while the required number of diagonal members are temporarily fastened to the non-load-bearing structural frames and transported to the site, where the fastening members are used to integrate the non-load-bearing structural frames and the diagonal members into the building structure to form a load-bearing structural panel. [Effects of the Invention]

[0019] With the present invention, it is possible to mass-produce non-load-bearing structural frames while also fabricating the required number of load-bearing structural panels from these non-load-bearing structural frames, thereby improving the efficiency of manufacturing both non-load-bearing structural panels and load-bearing structural panels. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a non-load-bearing structural frame and diagonal members that constitute the load-bearing panel of the embodiment. FIG. [Figure 2] 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the non-load-bearing structure of FIG. 1 with the frame and diagonal members fixed to the skeleton. FIG. [Figure 3] Figure (A) is a schematic perspective view showing the upper end of the diagonal member in Figure 1 and the fixing plate welded to this upper end, and Figure (B) is a schematic perspective view showing the lower end of the diagonal member and two upper and lower fixing plates welded to this lower end. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which the upper and lower fixing plates in FIG. 3(B) are separated. [Figure 5] 3 is an enlarged explanatory view of the lower side of the structure shown in the vertical cross section of FIG. 2. FIG. [Figure 6] An explanatory diagram showing a non-load-bearing structural frame and diagonal members that constitute a load-bearing panel of another embodiment. [Figure 7] An explanatory diagram showing a non-load-bearing structural frame and diagonal members that constitute a load-bearing panel of another embodiment. [Figure 8] An explanatory diagram showing a non-load-bearing structural frame and diagonal members that constitute a load-bearing panel of another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a load-bearing panel 1 of the embodiment comprises a non-load-bearing frame 2 and diagonal members 3. Note that a non-load-bearing structural panel is formed by attaching insulation material, furring strips, face material, etc. to the outdoor side of the non-load-bearing structural frame 2 with screws, etc., and a load-bearing structural panel is formed by fastening a non-load-bearing structural panel to a building skeleton 9 with the diagonal members 3.

[0022] The non-load-bearing frame 2 is a rectangular frame formed by fastening an upper horizontal frame member 21, a lower horizontal frame member 22, left and right vertical frame members 23, 23, and a central cross-section member 24 together using riveting or other non-welded fastening processes. The cross sections of the horizontal frame members 21, 22, the vertical frame members 23, 23, and the central cross-section member 24 are generally U-shaped, and the ends of the horizontal frame members 21, 22 are narrowed to form a slightly smaller U-shape so that they can be inserted into the vertical frame member 23. In this embodiment, fastening holes 21a, 21a, 22a, 22a are formed at both ends of each of the horizontal frame members 21, 22, into which bolts B (fastening members) can be inserted. Recesses may be formed in the center of the central cross-section member 24 at the front and rear ends of the frame 2 to facilitate the insertion of the diagonal members 3.

[0023] The diagonal members 3 have a long, thin plate shape and are arranged diagonally between the corners of the rectangular frame of the frame 2 so that the fastening holes 21a, 21a, 22a, 22a are located on the center line of the diagonal members 3. In this embodiment, each diagonal member 3 has a fixing plate 4 at its upper end and a fixing plate portion 5 at its lower end.

[0024] As shown in Figure 3(A), the fixing plate 4 is a flat rectangular parallelepiped with a width that fits into the end of the horizontal frame member 21, and the upper ends of the diagonal members 3 are welded and fixed to the vertical faces 4a, 4a that face back to back in the thickness direction of the horizontal frame member 21. That is, on the side of one of the diagonal corners of the frame 2, two diagonal members 3 arranged approximately parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the frame 2 are welded and fixed to one fixing plate 4 (the two parallel diagonal members are appropriately referred to as a double brace). In addition, the fixing plate 4 is formed with holes 4b into which the bolts B that lead to the fastening holes 21a are inserted when the diagonal members 3 are installed.

[0025] 3(B) and 4, the fixing plate portion 5 has, for example, a first fixing plate 51 made of a rectangular parallelepiped that is slightly thinner than the fixing plate 4, and a second fixing plate 52 made of a rectangular parallelepiped that is slightly thicker than the fixing plate 4. The first fixing plate 51 and the second fixing plate 52 are formed with holes 51a, 52a into which the bolts B that lead to the fastening holes 21a when the diagonal member 3 is installed are inserted. The first fixing plate 51 and the second fixing plate 52 are stacked with the penetration directions of the holes 51a, 52a aligned, and the bolts B are passed through the holes 51a, 52a in this stacked state.

[0026] At the other diagonal corner of the frame 2, a first fixing plate 51 is fixed via a joint plate 511 to the other end of the diagonal member 3 at the rear side in the thickness direction of the frame 2. The joint plate 511 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped that is thicker than the diagonal member 3. At the other diagonal corner, the lower end of the front diagonal member 3 is welded to the front vertical surface 52b of the second fixing plate 52.

[0027] 5, the upper side of the vertical surface 51b of the first fixing plate 51 abuts the lower side of the receiving-side vertical surface 511a of the connecting plate 511 that intersects the thickness direction of the frame 2, forming a right-angled inside corner E, and a weld F is made between the near-side end surface 511c of the connecting plate 511 that is close to the horizontal frame member 22 and the vertical surface 51b. The lower end of the diagonal member 3 abuts the back-side vertical surface 511b of the connecting plate 511 that faces away from the receiving-side vertical surface 511a, and a weld G is made between the lower end surface of the diagonal member 3 and the back-side vertical surface 511b at a location close to the horizontal frame member 22, and a weld H is made between the back-side end surface 511d that faces away from the near-side end surface 511c and the diagonal member 3.

[0028] Then, the two diagonal members 3, 3 (double braces) are arranged at each of the two pairs of diagonal corners of the frame 2, so that a total of four diagonal members 3 are arranged in a cross shape. In other words, a double-brace cross-arrangement structure is obtained.

[0029] Furthermore, in this embodiment, one double brace and the other double brace are arranged reversely. Specifically, the joint plate 511 of the fixing plate portion 5 of the two diagonal members 3, 3 (double braces) arranged on one diagonal corner is located on the back side of the frame 2, and conversely, the joint plate 511 of the fixing plate portion 5 of the two diagonal members 3, 3 (double braces) arranged on the other diagonal corner is located on the front side of the frame 2, as shown by the imaginary lines in Figure 5.

[0030] The diagonal members 3 are then temporarily fixed to the non-load-bearing frame 2 at least at the upper and lower sides (for example, only the lower side) using, for example, bolts B and nuts N. After transporting this temporary assembly to the construction site, it is fixed to the building skeleton 9 using bolts B or the like, as shown in FIG. 2 . In this embodiment, an insertion hole 91a is formed in a beam 91 made of H-shaped steel, which is the building skeleton 9. A bolt B is passed through holes 4b, 51a, and 52a, fastening holes 21a and 22a, and also through the insertion hole 91a. By fastening a nut N to the tip of this bolt B, the non-load-bearing frame 2 and the diagonal members 3 are integrated with the building skeleton 9 to form a load-bearing panel 1. Note that the hole 4b in the fixing plate 4 may be a tapped hole into which the bolt B is threaded. Furthermore, the hole 51a of the first fixing plate 51 or the hole 52a of the second fixing plate 52 may be a tapped hole into which the bolt B is screwed.

[0031] With the above-mentioned configuration, the non-load-bearing structural frame 2 is used, so the non-load-bearing structural frame 2 can be mass-produced while the required number of load-bearing panels 1 can be produced from these non-load-bearing structural panels. This improves the efficiency of the production of both non-load-bearing structural panels and load-bearing structural panels.

[0032] Providing the diagonal members 3, 3 (double braces) makes it possible to ensure high bearing strength. Furthermore, if the diagonal members 3, 3 (double braces) have a structure in which a fixing plate 4 is provided on one side and a fixing plate portion 5 is provided on the other side, on the side of the other diagonal corner of the frame 2, the fixing plates 51, 52 can be separated from each other on the other side before being fixed to the building skeleton 9, and even if some kind of obstacle (such as the central crosspiece member 24) is present, the fixing plates 51, 52 can be separated from each other to avoid the obstacle and then fixed.

[0033] When the two diagonal members 3, 3 (double braces) are arranged at each of the two pairs of diagonal corners of the frame 2, the double braces are arranged crosswise, making it possible to ensure high and stable strength.

[0034] As described above, when one double brace and the other double brace are arranged back-to-back, the double braces are cross-arranged, and it becomes easy to align (prevent eccentricity) the central hole portions of the holes 4b, 51a, 52a and the fastening holes 21a, 22a of the double braces.

[0035] The above example is a configuration example in which the double-braced cross arrangement is used and the fastening point is the beam 91 in the building skeleton 9, but this is not limited to this. In other words, it is sufficient to use a non-load-bearing frame 2 and have a load-bearing structure in which the diagonal members 3 are integrally incorporated when fixed to the building skeleton 9.

[0036] For example, as shown in Figure 6, both ends of the diagonal member 3 may be fastened to a column 92 in the building skeleton 9. The fixing plate portion 6A forming the fastening portion of the diagonal member 3 includes a fixing plate 61 fixed to the surface of the column 92 with bolts (preferably multiple bolts) and a diagonal member mounting plate 62 fixed perpendicular to the fixing plate 61 at the center or one edge of the fixing plate 61, and the ends of the diagonal member 3 are welded to the diagonal member mounting plate 62. The core wire of the diagonal member 3 is directed toward the insertion hole formed in the fixing plate 61 through which the bolt passes. In the illustrated example, the diagonal member 3 is a single brace on one side, but this single brace on one side may be provided in a cross arrangement at the front and rear sides of the frame 2 in the thickness direction (the front and rear sides of the center rail member), or, for example, two braces may be provided stacked on top of each other on the front side.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 7, the diagonal members 3 may be fastened to beams 91 and columns 92 of the building frame 9. The fixing plate 6B, which serves as the fastening point for the diagonal members 3, includes a fixing plate 63 fixed to the beam 91 with bolts, a fixing plate 64 welded to the fixing plate 63 and fixed to the surface of the column 92 with the bolts, and a brace mounting plate 65 fixed to one edge of the fixing plates 63 and 64. The ends of the diagonal members 3 are welded to the brace mounting plate 65. The core wire of the diagonal members 3 is directed toward the corner of the frame 2. The diagonal members 3 are single-sided braces, and are installed, for example, in a cross arrangement at the front and back sides of the frame 2 in the thickness direction. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the fixing plates 63 and 64 have tapped holes for receiving the bolts.

[0038] 8, both ends of the diagonal members 3 may be fastened to beams 91 in the building skeleton 9, and the diagonal members 3 may be single-braced on one side and cross-arranged at the front and rear sides in the thickness direction of the frame 2. In FIG. 8, both ends of one diagonal member 3 are welded to the fixing plate 41 and rib 42 at fixing section 4A, which corresponds to the fixing plate 4 described above, and the rib 42 is welded to the column-side end of the fixing plate 41. The diagonal member 3 is fixed to the beam 91 with bolts threaded into tapped holes formed in the fixing plate 41. The other diagonal member 3 is welded to the gusset 45 at fixing section 4B, which corresponds to the fixing plate 4 described above, and the gusset 45 is welded to the fixing plate 43 and the large rib 44. The other diagonal member 3 is fixed to the beam 91 with bolts threaded into tapped holes in the fixing plate 43. In Figure 8, both types of fixing of the diagonal member 3 to the beam 91 are shown at once, but it is preferable to separate them into two types: a type in which the diagonal member 3 is cross-positioned using the fixing part 4A, and a type in which the diagonal member 3 is cross-positioned using the fixing part 4B with gusset. In these types, the core wire of the diagonal member 3 is directed toward the bolt (tapped hole).

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Various modifications and variations can be made to the illustrated embodiments within the same scope as the present invention or within an equivalent scope. [Explanation of symbols]

[0040] 1: Load-bearing panel 2: Non-load-bearing frame 3: Diagonal material 4: Fixing plate 4A:Fixed part 4B: Gusseted fixing part 4a: Vertical surface 4b: Hole 5: Fixed plate part 6A: Fixed plate part 6B: Fixed plate part 9: Building frame 21: Horizontal frame member 21a: Fastening hole 22: Horizontal frame member 22a: Fastening hole 23: Vertical frame member 24: Middle crosspiece 41: Fixed plate 42: Rib section 43: Fixed plate 44: Large rib section 45: Gazette 51: First fixing plate 51a: Hole 51b: Vertical surface 52: Second fixing plate 52a: Hole 52b: Vertical surface 61: Fixed plate 62: Diagonal member mounting plate 63: Fixed plate 64: Fixed plate 65: Brace mounting plate 91: Beam 91a: Insertion hole 92: Pillar 511: Joint plate 511a: Receiving side vertical surface 511b: Dorsal side vertical surface 511c: Near side end face 511d: Back end face B: Bolt E: Right-angle corner F: Welding G: Welding H: Welding N: Nut

Claims

1. a non-load-bearing frame in which an upper horizontal frame member, a lower horizontal frame member, and left and right vertical frame members are fixed to each other by a non-welded fixing process to form a rectangular frame, and fastening holes for receiving fastening members are formed; a fixing plate having a hole for receiving the fastening member welded to an end thereof, and a diagonal member disposed diagonally between the corners of the frame; A load-bearing panel characterized in that the non-load-bearing structural frame and the diagonal member are fixed to the building structure by the fastening members that are passed through the hole portion, the fastening hole, and the insertion hole on the building structure side.

2. In the load-bearing panel described in claim 1, on the side of one of the diagonal corners of the frame, two of the diagonal members arranged approximately parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the frame are welded and fixed to one of the fixing plates, and on the side of the other diagonal corner of the frame, a first fixing plate welded and fixed to the first of the two diagonal members via a joining plate and a second fixing plate welded and fixed to the second diagonal member are stacked with the penetration directions of their hole portions aligned, and the fastening member is passed through the hole portions in this stacked state.

3. The load-bearing panel of claim 2, wherein the two diagonal members are arranged at each of two pairs of diagonal corners of the frame, thereby providing a total of four diagonal members in a cross-shaped configuration.

4. A load-bearing panel as described in claim 3, characterized in that the joining plate is located on the rear side of the frame above or below the two diagonal members arranged on one diagonal, and the joining plate is located on the front side of the frame above or below the two diagonal members arranged on the other diagonal.

5. In the load-bearing panel according to claim 1, two of the diagonal members are positioned approximately parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the frame from one corner side of the diagonal corner of the frame to the other corner side, At one of the corners, the first fixing plate welded to the first of the two diagonal members via a joining plate and the second fixing plate welded to the second diagonal member are stacked so that the penetration directions of the hole portions of each plate match, and the fastening member is passed through the hole portion in this stacked state, At the other corner, a first fixing plate welded to the first of the two diagonal members and a second fixing plate welded to the second diagonal member via a joining plate are stacked together with the penetration directions of their hole portions aligned, and the fastening member is passed through the hole portion in this stacked state.

6. The load-bearing panel of claim 5, wherein the two diagonal members are arranged at each of two pairs of diagonal corners of the frame, thereby providing a total of four diagonal members in a cross-shaped configuration.

7. A load-bearing panel as described in any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that a middle crosspiece member is attached to the frame, and one of the two diagonal members arranged diagonally and spaced apart from each other passes through the front side of the middle crosspiece member, and the other passes through the back side.

8. The load-bearing panel according to any one of claims 2 to 6, The upper side of the vertical surface of the fixing plate is in contact with the lower side of the receiving vertical surface of the joining plate positioned intersecting the thickness direction of the frame, forming a right-angled inside corner, and the adjacent end surface of the joining plate adjacent to the horizontal frame member is welded to the vertical surface, A load-bearing panel characterized in that the end of the diagonal member is in contact with the rear-side vertical surface of the joining plate that is facing away from the receiving-side vertical surface, and welding is performed between the end face of the diagonal member that is close to the horizontal frame member and the rear-side vertical surface, and welding is performed between the rear end face that is facing away from the adjacent-side end face and the diagonal member.

9. 2. The load-bearing panel according to claim 1, wherein one of said diagonal members is disposed diagonally between the corners of said frame.

10. The load-bearing panel according to claim 9, characterized in that one diagonal member is arranged for each of two pairs of diagonal corners of the frame, thereby providing a total of two diagonal members in a cross-shaped configuration.

11. 2. A method for manufacturing a load-bearing panel as described in claim 1, characterized in that the non-load-bearing structural frame and the diagonal members are temporarily fastened together and transported to a site, and at the site, the fastening members are used to integrally fix the non-load-bearing structural frame and the diagonal members to the building structure.

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