Stabilizing structure for slopes with standing trees

Abstract

To prevent the collapse of a slope with a standing tree, and to prevent damage to the downstream caused by the standing tree becoming a driftwood.SOLUTION: A structure for stabilizing a slope having a standing tree 5 includes a net 6 that forms a standing tree exclusion area 63 so as to exclude a portion of the standing tree 5 and that is laid on the slope, a reinforcing material 1 that is driven into the slope at an intersection 62 of the net 6 and that transmits a force received from the slope to the net 6 via the intersection, and a rope 10 that is wound around a root of the standing tree 5, that is connected to the intersection 62 of the net 6 located on an upper side of the slope relative to the standing tree 5, and that causes a fallen tree load to act on the reinforcing material 1 disposed on the upper side of the slope relative to the standing tree 5.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a slope stabilization structure for preventing the collapse of tree-covered slopes. [Background technology]

[0002] Rock bolting, a slope stabilization method, is used to prevent small- to medium-scale collapses. In rock bolting, holes are drilled into the ground deeper than the expected slide surface, reinforcing materials such as rock bolts are inserted into the holes, and grouting materials such as cement milk are injected into the holes to integrate the entire embedded portion of the reinforcing material with the ground via the grouting material. When the ground deforms, a passive tensile force is generated in the reinforcing material, which resists the sliding force of the surface soil mass more than the slide surface, thereby suppressing deformation and sliding of the ground.

[0003] In addition, in rock bolt construction, netting is sometimes laid on the surface of natural slopes with standing trees as a slope work. This type of slope work, which involves laying netting on the slope, has the advantage of making it easier to maintain the natural landscape, especially since it minimizes the need to cut down standing trees.

[0004] In the following Patent Documents 1 to 3, nets are laid out so as to avoid standing trees. However, if standing trees fall during heavy rain, there is a risk that the fallen trees will become driftwood and cause damage downstream. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-212953 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-174598 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-12248 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention aims to prevent the collapse of slopes with standing trees and to prevent damage downstream caused by the standing trees becoming driftwood. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The stabilization structure for slopes with standing trees of the present invention is a structure for stabilizing a slope with standing trees, and comprises a net laid on the slope and forming a tree exclusion area to exclude the standing trees, reinforcing members driven into the slope at the intersections of the net and transmitting the force received from the slope to the net via the intersections, and ropes hung around the bases of the standing trees and connected to the intersections of the net located above the standing trees on the slope, causing the load of the fallen tree to act on the reinforcing members located above the standing trees on the slope when the tree falls.

[0008] According to this configuration, a rope is looped around the base of a standing tree. The rope is then connected to an intersection of the net located higher up the slope than the standing tree. Therefore, if a standing tree falls during heavy rain, for example, the weight of the fallen tree acts on the rope. This load of the fallen tree is called the fallen tree load. The fallen tree load acts on the intersection of the net via the rope. The fallen tree load acting on the intersection of the net then acts on the reinforcing material located higher up the slope than the standing tree via the net. This prevents the fallen tree from falling downstream, i.e., down the slope, and becoming driftwood.

[0009] In particular, it is preferable that the rope distributes the load of the fallen tree among multiple reinforcing members placed on the slope above the standing tree. With this configuration, the load of the fallen tree is distributed among multiple reinforcing members, which makes it possible to more reliably prevent the fallen tree from becoming driftwood.

[0010] Furthermore, the net is preferably made up of vertical lines extending up and down the slope and horizontal lines extending left and right, and the reinforcing members are arranged in a staggered or lattice pattern with multiple intersections in the vertical and horizontal directions. The horizontal lines with reinforcing members at their intersections are called "reinforced horizontal lines," and the horizontal lines without reinforcing members at their intersections are called "unreinforced horizontal lines." The ropes are preferably connected to the intersections of the unreinforced horizontal lines located above the standing trees. This configuration allows the load of a fallen tree to be applied to the multiple reinforcing members located above the unreinforced horizontal lines to which the ropes are connected. This allows the load of a fallen tree to be easily distributed across the multiple reinforcing members.

[0011] Furthermore, the horizontal line located above the tree on the slope that defines the tree-exclusion area is designated the upper horizontal demarcation line, the reinforced horizontal line located above the upper horizontal demarcation line and closest to the tree is designated the first reinforced horizontal line, the reinforced horizontal line located next to the first reinforced horizontal line on the slope is designated the second reinforced horizontal line, the unreinforced horizontal line located between the tree and the first reinforced horizontal line is designated the first unreinforced horizontal line, and the unreinforced horizontal line located between the first reinforced horizontal line and the second reinforced horizontal line is designated the second unreinforced horizontal line. Preferably, the rope is connected to an intersection on the first unreinforced horizontal line or an intersection on the second unreinforced horizontal line. This configuration allows the rope to be easily connected to an intersection on the unreinforced horizontal line closest to the tree. This simplifies the process of connecting the rope to the intersection and eliminates the need for an excessively long rope.

[0012] Furthermore, the rope preferably includes a first rope and a second rope connected to the same standing tree, the first rope connected to an intersection on the first unreinforced horizontal line, and the second rope connected to an intersection on the second unreinforced horizontal line. This configuration allows the load of a single tree to be distributed across multiple ropes. The distributed tree load acts on the intersection on the first unreinforced horizontal line via the first rope. The tree load acting on the intersection on the first unreinforced horizontal line via the first rope is further distributed and acts on multiple reinforcements located above the intersection. The distributed tree load acts on the intersection on the second unreinforced horizontal line via the second rope. The tree load acting on the intersection on the second unreinforced horizontal line via the second rope is further distributed and acts on multiple reinforcements located above the intersection. In this way, the load of a single tree can be distributed and acts on a wide range of reinforcements. This more reliably prevents fallen trees from becoming driftwood. Furthermore, since the first rope and the second rope are connected to each other at intersections that are close to each other in the vertical direction of the slope, the work of connecting the ropes to the intersections is also easy.

[0013] In particular, the net is preferably made up of vertical lines extending vertically and horizontal lines extending horizontally, the reinforcing members being arranged in a staggered or lattice pattern with multiple intersections in the vertical and horizontal directions, the horizontal lines having reinforcing members at the intersections being called "reinforced horizontal lines" and the horizontal lines not having reinforcing members at the intersections being called "unreinforced horizontal lines," and the ropes are preferably connected to the intersections of the vertical lines and unreinforced horizontal lines located between a pair of adjacent left and right reinforcing members. This configuration allows the load of a fallen tree to be distributed and applied to the pair of adjacent left and right reinforcing members, thereby easily preventing the fallen tree from becoming driftwood.

[0014] Furthermore, when the reinforcing members are arranged in a staggered pattern, and the horizontal line located above the standing trees on the slope that defines the tree-exclusion area is designated as the upper section horizontal line, the reinforced horizontal line located above the upper section horizontal line on the slope and closest to the standing trees is designated as the first reinforced horizontal line, the reinforced horizontal line located next to the first reinforced horizontal line on the slope is designated as the second reinforced horizontal line, the unreinforced horizontal line located between the standing trees and the first reinforced horizontal line is designated as the first unreinforced horizontal line, and the unreinforced horizontal line located between the first reinforced horizontal line and the second reinforced horizontal line is designated as the second unreinforced horizontal line, it is preferable that the rope be connected to the intersection of the vertical line located between a pair of adjacent left and right reinforcing members on the first reinforced horizontal line and the first unreinforced horizontal line, or the intersection of the vertical line located between a pair of adjacent left and right reinforcing members on the second reinforced horizontal line and the second unreinforced horizontal line. With this configuration, when the rope is connected to an intersection on the first unreinforced horizontal line, the fallen tree load is distributed and acts via that intersection on a pair of left and right reinforcing members on the first reinforced horizontal line. Also, when the rope is connected to an intersection on the second unreinforced horizontal line, the fallen tree load is distributed and acts via that intersection on a pair of left and right reinforcing members on the second reinforced horizontal line. This makes it easy to distribute the fallen tree load across multiple reinforcing members, further preventing fallen trees from becoming driftwood.

[0015] Furthermore, the rope preferably includes a first rope and a second rope connected to the same standing tree, the first rope connected to an intersection of a vertical line and an unreinforced horizontal line located between adjacent first and second reinforcing members, and the second rope connected to an intersection of a vertical line and an unreinforced horizontal line located between the second reinforcing member and a third reinforcing member adjacent to the second reinforcing member on the opposite side of the first reinforcing member. This configuration allows the load of a single standing tree to be distributed among multiple ropes. The distributed tree load acts on the first and second reinforcing members via the first rope. Furthermore, the distributed tree load acts on the second and third reinforcing members via the second rope. In this way, the load of a single fallen tree can be distributed among three reinforcing members, the first, second, and third reinforcing members, aligned horizontally on the slope, further reliably preventing the tree from becoming driftwood. Furthermore, since the first and second ropes are connected to intersections close to each other horizontally on the slope, connecting the ropes to the intersections is also easy. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] As described above, even if a standing tree falls due to heavy rain or other factors, the rope, net, and reinforcing material work together to prevent the tree from falling downstream, thereby preventing the tree from becoming driftwood and causing serious damage downstream. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a slope stabilization structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the relationship between the ring units (unit nets) and reinforcing materials of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 6]1A and 1B show the ring unit, with (a) being a front view and (b) being a side view of the main part. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a front view showing the rope of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 8] 10(a) and 10(b) are plan views showing an example of how the rope is used. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 10] 10(a) and 10(b) are plan views showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 17] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 18] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 19] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 20] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 22] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 23] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. [Figure 25] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of the slope stabilization structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] A slope stabilization structure according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the main part of the slope stabilization structure in this embodiment. Note that in Figure 1, a natural ground slope 2 is shown as being horizontal. The slope stabilization structure is based on rock bolt construction. Drilled holes 3 are formed in the slope 2, and reinforcing materials 1 such as rock bolts are inserted into the drilled holes 3. The reinforcing materials 1 are fixed to the slope 2 with injection material 4, and fixing devices 7 are attached to the heads of the reinforcing materials 1.

[0019] The slope 2 is a natural slope with standing trees 5. The surface of the slope 2 is the surface of the natural ground. A net 6 is laid on the surface of the slope 2 as a surface work. By stretching the net 6 on the surface of the slope 2, it becomes unnecessary to cut down the standing trees 5, or even if the standing trees 5 are cut down, the number of trees that need to be cut down can be reduced. The configuration of the net 6 may be various. The detailed configuration of the net 6 in this embodiment will be described later.

[0020] The reinforcement 1 is typically made of steel rods, such as rock bolts, deformed steel bars, threaded steel bars, and self-drilling bolts. In corrosive environments, steel surfaces coated with various resins, such as epoxy resin, or continuous fiber reinforcement rods are also used. As the ground deforms, a tensile force is passively generated in the reinforcement 1. This tensile force of the reinforcement 1 resists the sliding force of the surface soil mass on the slope 2, preventing deformation and sliding of the ground. Therefore, the drilled hole 3 is drilled deeper than the expected slide surface. The reinforcement 1 is also inserted so that it reaches the settlement layer of the ground deeper than the slide surface and is integrated into the ground with the injection material 4. The total length of the reinforcement 1 is determined by comprehensive consideration of the scale of collapse of the slope 2, the required deterrent force, workability, and economic efficiency, but is usually several meters, and is at least 2 meters. The head of the reinforcement 1 protrudes a predetermined distance above the slope 2. The protruding length of the reinforcing material 1 is the amount of protrusion from the slope 2. The protruding length of the reinforcing material 1 is a length necessary and sufficient for the slope 2 and the reinforcing material 1 to be structurally integrated by the fixing device. It is preferable to apply zinc plating to the surface of the reinforcing material 1, and it is preferable to apply zinc plating to at least the head part of the entire length. Furthermore, the reinforcing material 1 is basically inserted perpendicular to the slope 2, but it does not necessarily have to be perpendicular.

[0021] The injection material 4 plays the role of transmitting load between the ground and the reinforcement material 1, and also the role of protecting the reinforcement material 1. The injection material 4 is filled between the wall surface of the drilled hole 3 and the reinforcement material 1, and is filled over the entire length of the drilled hole 3. Cement milk or mortar is used as the injection material 4, but cement milk is typically used.

[0022] The shape of the mesh of the net 6 is arbitrary and may be circular or polygonal, such as a diamond or hexagon, but in this embodiment it is square. An example of the net 6 is shown in Fig. 2. The net 6 is made up of many vertical lines 60 extending along the up-down direction Y of the slope and many horizontal lines 61 extending along the left-right direction X of the slope, and has many intersections 62 where the vertical lines 60 and the horizontal lines 61 intersect.

[0023] In this embodiment, the net 6 is composed of a large number of ring units 71. However, the net 6 may also be formed by stretching wire ropes in two directions, for example, vertically and horizontally. The ring units 71 in this embodiment are ring-shaped. The net 6 is formed by combining a large number of ring units 71 without fixing them to each other. This ring unit 71 is shown in Figure 6. The ring unit 71 is rectangular, specifically, square as shown in Figure 6(a), with the length of one side being, for example, approximately 50 cm. The ring unit 71 is formed by forming a wire rod 72 (wire) made by twisting together a plurality of wires (steel wires) into a ring shape.

[0024] The ring unit 71 is equipped with a joint device for connecting and disconnecting predetermined locations around the entire circumference. As shown in FIG. 6(b), joint devices 73a and 73b are attached to both ends of a wire 72. One joint device, 73a, is provided with a male thread portion 74, and the other joint device, 73b, is provided with a connecting nut 75 that screws onto the male thread portion 74. The ring unit 71 can be connected and disconnected into a ring shape by screwing the connecting nut 75 onto and unscrewing it from the male thread portion 74. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6(a), an E-ring 76, which is a fastener, can prevent the connecting nut 75 from returning. This allows the ring unit 71 to be connected and held in a ring shape.

[0025] The net 6 shown in FIG. 2 is formed by arranging and combining ring units 71 having such a configuration in a plane. Reinforcement members 1 are cast at predetermined locations among the intersections 62 of the net 6. The reinforcement members 1 are aligned at intervals in the horizontal direction X of the slope and also aligned at intervals in the vertical direction Y of the slope. More specifically, the reinforcement members 1 are arranged at regular intervals in the horizontal direction X of the slope, forming multiple intersections 62. The reinforcement members 1 are also arranged at regular intervals in the vertical direction Y of the slope. The reinforcement members 1 are usually arranged in a staggered or grid pattern, but in this embodiment, they are arranged in a staggered pattern. The net 6 includes intersections 62 where reinforcement members 1 are arranged and intersections 62 where no reinforcement members 1 are arranged. FIG. 3 shows intersections 62 where reinforcement members 1 are arranged, and FIG. 4 shows intersections 62 where no reinforcement members 1 are arranged.

[0026] The spacing (number of intersections 62) between the staggered reinforcing members 1 in the left-right direction X of the slope and the spacing (number of intersections 62) between the staggered reinforcing members 1 in the up-down direction Y of the slope may vary, but is 2 m as an example. That is, the example arrangement of the reinforcing members 1 in FIG. 2 is a 2 m x 2 m staggered arrangement. As described above, since the ring units 71 are squares with sides of 50 cm, the spacing of 2 m corresponds to the length of four ring units 71. Therefore, in the example arrangement in FIG. 2, there are three intersections 62 between adjacent reinforcing members 1 in the left-right direction X of the slope where no reinforcing member 1 is located. Furthermore, there are three horizontal lines 61 between the horizontal lines 61 where reinforcing members 1 are located at intersections 62 in the up-down direction Y of the slope where no reinforcing member 1 is located.

[0027] Hereinafter, horizontal lines 61 in which reinforcing materials 1 are arranged at intersections 62 will be referred to as reinforced horizontal lines 61a, and horizontal lines 61 in which reinforcing materials 1 are not arranged at intersections 62 will be referred to as unreinforced horizontal lines 61b. In the example arrangement shown in Fig. 2, the horizontal lines 61 are arranged in a 2m x 2m staggered pattern, so that three unreinforced horizontal lines 61b exist between adjacent reinforced horizontal lines 61a in the vertical direction Y of the slope. Note that the spacing between the reinforcing materials 1 in the vertical direction Y of the slope may be 1.5m or 1m, and therefore the arrangement of the reinforcing materials 1 may be a 1.5m x 2m staggered pattern or a 1m x 2m staggered pattern. When the reinforcing material 1 is arranged in a staggered pattern of 1.5m x 2m, there will be two unreinforced horizontal lines 61b between adjacent reinforced horizontal lines 61a in the vertical direction Y of the slope, and when the reinforcing material 1 is arranged in a staggered pattern of 1m x 2m, there will be one unreinforced horizontal line 61b between adjacent reinforced horizontal lines 61a in the vertical direction Y of the slope.

[0028] As shown in Figure 5, the reinforcement 1 is positioned between the corners of two combined ring units 71. That is, the reinforcement 1 is positioned inside each of the two combined ring units 71. A fixing device 7 is attached to the head of the reinforcement 1 to secure the reinforcement 1 to the slope 2. The fixing device 7 may have various configurations, but it is particularly suitable for use when a net 6 is installed as a surface work. Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the fixing device 7 is made up of a bearing plate 8 and a nut 9. The bearing plate 8 consists of an upper bearing plate 8a and a lower bearing plate 8b. The corners of the two ring units 71 are sandwiched between the upper bearing plate 8a and the lower bearing plate 8b. However, the net 6 is not completely fixed by the upper bearing plate 8a and the lower bearing plate 8b. The net 6 is sandwiched between the upper bearing plate 8a and the lower bearing plate 8b to the extent that the ring unit 71 can move to some extent along the surface of the ground.

[0029] The lower support plate 8b is thin. The upper support plate 8a is thicker than the lower support plate 8b. The lower support plate 8b is larger than the upper support plate 8a, and if circular, has a larger diameter. The lower surface of the upper support plate 8a has downward protrusions 8c protruding from multiple locations, specifically three locations. The downward protrusions 8c abut against the upper surface of the lower support plate 8b. These downward protrusions 8c form and maintain a predetermined gap between the upper support plate 8a and the lower support plate 8b. The net 6 is positioned in this gap.

[0030] The head of the reinforcing member 1 is inserted through the center of the support plate 8. The support plate 8 and the reinforcing member 1 are arranged coaxially. A nut 9 is screwed onto the head of the reinforcing member 1 that penetrates the support plate 8. The nut 9 presses the support plate 8 against the slope 2. While the reinforcing member 1 is generally inserted perpendicular to the slope 2, in reality, it is often not perpendicular. Therefore, the angle between the reinforcing member 1 and the support plate 8 may not be a right angle. To ensure that the nut 9 can be sufficiently tightened even in such cases, the pressing surface of the nut 9 that presses the support plate 8, or in this embodiment, the upper support plate 8a, is spherical (curved). Furthermore, the pressed surface formed on the inner surface of the upper support plate 8a that is pressed by the pressing surface of the nut 9 may be an inclined surface 2 that expands in diameter toward the upper side, or a concave spherical (curved) surface.

[0031] The nut 9 may have various shapes and configurations. In this embodiment, however, the nut 9 is integrally configured with a nut portion 9a, a pressing portion 9b, and a sheath portion 9c. Specifically, the nut 9 has a hexagonal nut portion 9a at its upper portion in cross section, a pressing portion 9b below it with a spherical pressing surface on its peripheral side, and a cylindrical sheath portion 9c below that. By engaging a tool with the nut portion 9a, the nut 9 can be rotated and screwed onto the head of the reinforcement material 1, and the support plate 8 can be pressed downward via the pressing portion 9b. Furthermore, by extending the sheath portion 9c below the pressing portion 9b, the portion of the reinforcement material 1 near the surface of the slope 2 can be protected by the sheath portion 9c. Therefore, the sheath portion 9c can prevent corrosion of the reinforcement material 1. Furthermore, because the sheath portion 9c is interposed between the net 6 and the reinforcement material 1, the net 6 and the reinforcement material 1 do not come into direct contact with each other. This construction method in which a net 6 is stretched across the structure has the characteristic that force is transmitted from the reinforcing material 1 to the net 6, but since the sheath portion 9c is interposed between the two ring units 71 and the reinforcing material 1, it is possible to prevent the reinforcing material 1 from rubbing against the net 6, damaging its surface and causing corrosion of the reinforcing material 1.

[0032] As described above, standing trees 5 exist on the slope 2. The standing trees 5 come in a variety of sizes and shapes. If the standing trees 5 are too large to fit inside a single ring unit 71, a portion of the net 6 is partially removed to form a tree exclusion area 63. While many standing trees 5 actually exist, FIG. 2 partially illustrates only the area around one standing tree 5 on the slope 2 for ease of explanation. When a standing tree 5 exists on the slope 2, the net 6 is laid on the slope 2 so as to avoid the standing tree 5. In other words, the tree exclusion area 63 is defined by excluding the portion of the net 6 that corresponds to the tree 5. The tree exclusion area 63 is not provided with a net 6, and is instead a blank area without the net 6. In this embodiment, the net 6 is formed by combining square ring units 71, and the size of the tree exclusion area 63 corresponds to the size of multiple ring units 71. The tree exclusion area 63 is rectangular or square in shape. The size and shape of the tree exclusion area 63 correspond to the shape and size of the base of each tree 5 .

[0033] The tree exclusion area 63 is formed by the edge of the net 6 surrounding the standing trees 5. The tree exclusion area 63 is defined by a pair of upper and lower horizontal lines 61 located on both sides of the standing trees 5 in the up-down direction Y of the slope, and a pair of left and right vertical lines 60 located on both sides of the standing trees 5 in the left-right direction X of the slope. The upper horizontal line 61 defining the tree exclusion area 63 is referred to as the upper horizontal line 63a, the lower horizontal line 61 defining the tree exclusion area 63 is referred to as the lower horizontal line 63b, the right vertical line 60 defining the tree exclusion area 63 is referred to as the right vertical line 63c, and the left horizontal line 61 defining the tree exclusion area 63 is referred to as the left vertical line 63d.

[0034] The example in Figure 2 shows a case where the trees 5 are relatively small. In this case, a square tree exclusion area 63 is formed whose length in the up-down direction Y (vertical) and whose length in the left-right direction X (horizontal) of the slope are equivalent to two ring units 71 each. Therefore, the area of ​​the tree exclusion area 63 is equivalent to four ring units 71 in total, two ring units 71 in both the vertical and horizontal directions. On the other hand, Figure 10(b) shows a case where the trees 5 are relatively large. In this case, a tree exclusion area 63 is formed whose length is four ring units 71 in the up-down direction Y (vertical) of the slope and five ring units 71 in the left-right direction X (horizontal). The tree exclusion area 63 is a horizontally long rectangle. The area of ​​the tree exclusion area 63 is equivalent to a total of 20 ring units 71.

[0035] FIG. 10 shows the process of forming the tree exclusion area 63. The tree exclusion area 63 is formed by partially removing the ring unit 71. FIG. 10(a) shows the state in which the ring unit 71 has been partially removed. Ring units 71 are placed every other ring unit 71 around the tree 5. This means that the wires 72 that make up the ring units 71 are not continuous but are discontinuous. Therefore, to ensure that the wires 72 are continuous, an area correction member 64 is placed in the tree exclusion area 63, as shown in FIG. 10(b). It is preferable to use the same wires 72 as the ring units 71 for the area correction member 64. The area correction member 64 is formed by forming the wires 72 into a rectangular shape that matches the shape of the tree exclusion area 63. The area correction member 64 is connected to the ring units 71 that exist on the edge of the tree exclusion area 63. In this way, by providing the area correction members 64 on the edges of the net 6 that define the tree exclusion area 63, the edges of the net 6 that define the tree exclusion area 63 can be formed continuously, and the tree exclusion area 63 can be formed and maintained in a rectangular shape. The edges of the net 6 that define the tree exclusion area 63 can then be reinforced by the area correction members 64, and the shape of the tree exclusion area 63 can be easily maintained.

[0036] The slope stabilization structure includes a rope 10 for preventing a fallen tree 5 from becoming driftwood in the event of a natural disaster such as heavy rainfall. As shown in FIG. 2 , the rope 10 is looped around the base of the tree 5 and connected to a net 6. The rope 10 is connected to an intersection 62 of the net 6 located above the tree 5 on the slope 2. The intersection 62 to which the rope 10 is connected is referred to as a connection intersection 62a. When the tree 5 falls, the load of the fallen tree acts on the rope 10, is transmitted through the rope 10, and then acts on the net 6 from the connection intersection 62a. The fallen tree load then acts on the reinforcement member 1 via the net 6. The fallen tree load acts on the reinforcement member 1 located above the tree 5 on the slope 2. More specifically, the load is distributed across multiple reinforcement members 1 located above the tree 5 on the slope 2.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2, the ropes 10 are connected to an intersection 62 on an unreinforced horizontal line 61b among many intersections 62 of the net 6. That is, the connection intersection 62a is the intersection 62 on the unreinforced horizontal line 61b. The ropes 10 are also connected to an intersection 62 on a vertical line 60 located between adjacent reinforcing members 1 in the left-right direction X of the slope. That is, the connection intersection 62a is the intersection 62 at which the vertical line 60 located between adjacent reinforcing members 1 in the left-right direction X of the slope intersects with the unreinforced horizontal line 61b.

[0038] Figure 7 shows the rope 10 used. The rope 10 includes a winding portion 10a that is wound around the base of the tree 5, a connecting portion 10b that is connected to the net 6, and a connecting portion 10c that connects the winding portion 10a and the connecting portion 10b. More specifically, the rope 10 includes a wire portion 11, a loop portion 12, and a hook 13. The loop portion 12 is provided at one end of the wire portion 11, and the hook 13 is attached to the other end of the wire portion 11. The rope 10 may be of various lengths, but preferably several representative lengths are prepared and selected from these several types of ropes 10 depending on the situation at the site. The wire portion 11 of the rope 10 may be made of a steel wire. The wire portion 11 and the loop portion 12 may be made of a single continuous wire. The other end of the wire portion 11 may also be provided with a hook 13, that is, the wire portion 11 may be provided with a hook 13 at each of its two ends.

[0039] FIG. 8(a) shows a first usage mode of the rope 10. In this usage mode, the rope 10 is a single piece extending from the tree 5 to the connection node 62a, and the single rope 10 forms the winding portion 10a, the connection portion 10b, and the connecting portion 10c. One end of the rope 10 is wound around the base of the tree 5, and the other end of the rope 10, including the hook 13, is inserted into the loop portion 12. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the hook 13 is connected to the net 6. In this case, the loop portion 12 and a predetermined length region on one end of the wire portion 11 form the winding portion 10a. The hook 13 forms the connecting portion 10b, and the portion of the wire portion 11 between the hook 13 and the winding portion 10a forms the connecting portion 10c. FIG. 2 shows this usage mode.

[0040] FIG. 8(b) shows a second use of the rope 10. In this way, two ropes 10 may be used from the tree 5 to the connection node 62a. The two ropes 10 may form the winding section 10a, the connection section 10b, and the connecting section 10c. That is, the rope 10 may be configured as two ropes, consisting of a winding rope 14 wound around the base of the tree 5 and a connecting rope 15 connected to the net 6 and the winding rope 14. The hook 13 of the winding rope 14 is hooked onto the loop section 12 of the winding rope 14. This allows the winding rope 14 to surround the base of the tree 5. Furthermore, when winding the winding rope 14 around the tree 5, the winding rope 14 is inserted into the loop section 12 of the connecting rope 15. This allows the connecting rope 15 to be connected to the winding rope 14. When the rope 10 is thus made up of two ropes, the winding rope 14 and the connecting rope 15, the entire winding rope 14 becomes the winding portion 10a, the hook 13 of the connecting rope 15 becomes the connecting portion 10b, and the annular portion 12 and the wire portion 11 of the connecting rope 15 become the connecting portion 10c.

[0041] If the tree 5 is thick, the number of connection points to the net 6 may be increased from one to multiple. In this case, one rope 10 may be used for each connection point. Figure 9 shows an example of construction in which the net 6 is connected to two points. The rope 10 includes a first rope 21 and a second rope 22. The first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are connected to the same tree 5, but are connected to the net 6 at different points. Although both the first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are wound around the tree 5 in Figure 9, for example, only the first rope 21 may be wound around the tree 5, and the second rope 22 may be connected to the first rope 21. Alternatively, a single winding rope 14 may be wound around the tree 5, and the first rope 21 and the second rope 22 may be connected to the winding rope 14.

[0042] The above is the basic configuration of the slope stabilization structure. Below, we will explain in more detail an example of construction, focusing mainly on the connection nodes 62a of the ropes 10. Figures 11 to 13 show the case of a relatively small standing tree 5, with the arrangement of the reinforcement members 1 being, in order from Figure 11 onwards, a 2m x 2m staggered arrangement, a 1.5m x 2m staggered arrangement, and a 1m x 2m staggered arrangement. Figures 14 to 16 show the case of a relatively small standing tree 5, with the arrangement of the reinforcement members 1 being, in order from Figure 14 onwards, a 2m x 2m staggered arrangement, a 1.5m x 2m staggered arrangement, and a 1m x 2m staggered arrangement. Figures 17 to 19 show the case of a relatively large standing tree 5, with the arrangement of the reinforcement members 1 being, in order from Figure 17 onwards, a 2m x 2m staggered arrangement, a 1.5m x 2m staggered arrangement, and a 1m x 2m staggered arrangement. 20 to 22 show the case of a relatively large standing tree 5, and the arrangement of the reinforcing materials 1 is, in order from Fig. 20, a staggered arrangement of 2m x 2m, a staggered arrangement of 1.5m x 2m, and a staggered arrangement of 1m x 2m. Note that the ropes 10 are shown in simplified form.

[0043] In Figure 11, reinforcement material 1 is placed on the line that defines the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, reinforcement material 1 is placed at the intersection 62 of the right-hand section vertical line 63c and the lower-hand section horizontal line 63b. No reinforcement material 1 is placed on the upper-hand section horizontal line 63a. Therefore, the upper-hand section horizontal line 63a is an unreinforced horizontal line 61b.

[0044] The reinforced horizontal line 61a located above the upper section horizontal line 63a on the slope 2 and closest to the standing tree 5 is referred to as the first reinforced horizontal line 611, the reinforced horizontal line 61a located next to the first reinforced horizontal line 611 on the slope 2 is referred to as the second reinforced horizontal line 612, and the reinforced horizontal line 61a located next to the second reinforced horizontal line 612 on the slope 2 is referred to as the third reinforced horizontal line 613. In FIG. 11 , of the two reinforcements 1 shown on the first reinforced horizontal line 611, the reinforcement 1 on the left is referred to as the first-stage first reinforcement 111, and the reinforcement 1 on the right is referred to as the first-stage second reinforcement 112. In addition, the three reinforcements 1 shown on the second reinforced horizontal line 612 are referred to, from left to right, as the second-stage first reinforcement 121, the second-stage second reinforcement 122, and the second-stage third reinforcement 123. The two reinforcing members 1 shown on the third reinforcing horizontal line 613 are referred to as a third-stage first reinforcing member 131 and a third-stage second reinforcing member 132, from the left.

[0045] Furthermore, the unreinforced horizontal line 61b located between the standing tree 5 and the first reinforced horizontal line 611 is referred to as the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the unreinforced horizontal line 61b located between the first reinforced horizontal line 611 and the second reinforced horizontal line 612 is referred to as the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. In the case of Figure 11, there is one unreinforced horizontal line 61b between the upper section horizontal line 63a and the first reinforced horizontal line 611. Therefore, the first unreinforced horizontal line 621 consists of two lines: the unreinforced horizontal line 61b on the upper section horizontal line 63a and the unreinforced horizontal line 61b above the slope 2. Furthermore, there are three second unreinforced horizontal lines 622.

[0046] The connection nodes 62a of the rope 10 may vary and are selected depending on the situation at the site, but preferred connection nodes 62a are indicated with circles. There are not just one preferred connection node 62a, but multiple preferred connection nodes 62a, and these multiple preferred connection nodes 62a are grouped together in a specified area. An area consisting of multiple preferred connection nodes 62a grouped together is called a recommended connection area, and there are multiple recommended connection areas. The recommended connection areas are indicated by dashed two-dot lines. In the construction example shown in Figure 11, the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83.

[0047] The first recommended connection area 81 is closest to the standing tree 5 on the upper side of the slope 2. The first recommended connection area 81 is located between the standing tree 5 and the first reinforced horizontal line 611. There are six connection intersections 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. The connection intersections 62a in the first recommended connection area 81 consist of a total of six intersections 62 where two first-stage unreinforced horizontal lines 621 intersect with three vertical lines 60 located between the first-stage first reinforcement member 111 and the first-stage second reinforcement member 112. Of the six connection intersections 62a in the first recommended connection area 81, two connection intersections 62a are located on the upper section horizontal line 63a.

[0048] The second recommended connection area 82 and the third recommended connection area 83 are located on the second-stage unreinforced horizontal lines 622. The second recommended connection area 82 consists of a total of nine intersection points 62 where three second-stage unreinforced horizontal lines 622 intersect with three vertical lines 60 located between the second-stage first reinforcement member 121 and the second-stage second reinforcement member 122. Similarly, the third recommended connection area 83 consists of a total of nine intersection points 62 where three second-stage unreinforced horizontal lines 622 intersect with three vertical lines 60 located between the second-stage second reinforcement member 122 and the second-stage third reinforcement member 123.

[0049] FIG. 11 shows, as an example, a state in which the rope 10 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. When the rope 10 is connected to the connection node 62a in the first recommended connection area 81 in this manner, in the unlikely event that a standing tree 5 falls and becomes a fallen tree, the fallen tree load acts on the rope 10 and is transmitted from the rope 10 to the connection node 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. The fallen tree load is then distributed and acts via the net 6 mainly on three reinforcements 1 located on the upper side of the slope 2 in the first recommended connection area 81. That is, the fallen tree load is distributed and acts mainly on three reinforcements: the first-stage first reinforcement 111, the first-stage second reinforcement 112, and the second-stage second reinforcement 122. Therefore, the first-stage first reinforcement 111, the first-stage second reinforcement 112, and the second-stage second reinforcement 122 cooperate to support the fallen tree load, effectively preventing the fallen tree from being washed downstream and becoming driftwood. Furthermore, the second-tier second reinforcement material 122 is located between the first-tier first reinforcement material 111 and the first-tier second reinforcement material 112 in the left-right direction X of the slope, and is located immediately above the slope 2 relative to the first-tier first reinforcement material 111 and the first-tier second reinforcement material 112.

[0050] 11, when the rope 10 is connected to the connection node 62a in the second recommended connection area 82, the fallen tree load is distributed and acts mainly on the three reinforcements: the second-stage first reinforcement 121, the second-stage second reinforcement 122, and the third-stage first reinforcement 131. When the rope 10 is connected to the connection node 62a in the third recommended connection area 83, the fallen tree load is distributed and acts mainly on the three reinforcements: the second-stage second reinforcement 122, the second-stage third reinforcement 123, and the third-stage second reinforcement 132.

[0051] In FIG. 12 , the reinforcement material 1 is placed on the line defining the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, the reinforcement material 1 is placed at the intersection 62 between the right-side vertical line 63c and the upper-side horizontal line 63a. Therefore, the upper-side horizontal line 63a is a reinforced horizontal line 61a. In the construction example shown in FIG. 12 , the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84. Each recommended connection area has six connection intersections 62a. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set to the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the third recommended connection area 83 and the fourth recommended connection area 84 are set to the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. In FIG. 12 , as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the second recommended connection area 82.

[0052] In FIG. 13 , reinforcement members 1 are arranged on the lines defining the tree-exclusion area 63. Specifically, reinforcement members 1 are arranged at the intersection 62 between the right-side vertical line 63c and the lower-side horizontal line 63b, and at the intersection 62 between the left-side vertical line 63d and the upper-side horizontal line 63a. Therefore, the upper-side horizontal line 63a is a reinforced horizontal line 61a. In the construction example shown in FIG. 13 , the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83. Each recommended connection area has three connection intersections 62a. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set to the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the third recommended connection area 83 is set to the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. In FIG. 13 , as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the first recommended connection area 81.

[0053] 14 to 16 show an example of construction work for another standing tree 5. In FIG. 14, no reinforcement material 1 is placed on the line defining the tree exclusion area 63. Therefore, the upper section horizontal line 63a is an unreinforced horizontal line 61b. In the construction example shown in FIG. 14, the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83. The first recommended connection area 81 has three connection intersections 62a, two of which are located on the upper section horizontal line 63a. The first recommended connection area 81 is set to the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the second recommended connection area 82 and the third recommended connection area 83 are set to the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. In FIG. 14, as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the third recommended connection area 83.

[0054] In FIG. 15 , the reinforcement material 1 is placed on the line defining the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, the reinforcement material 1 is placed at the intersection 62 in the middle of the right-side vertical line 63c. The upper-side horizontal line 63a is an unreinforced horizontal line 61b. In the construction example shown in FIG. 15 , the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84. Each recommended connection area has six connection intersections 62a. Two of the six connection intersections 62a in the second recommended connection area 82 are located on the upper-side horizontal line 63a. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set on the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the third recommended connection area 83 and the fourth recommended connection area 84 are set on the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. In FIG. 15 , as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the second recommended connection area 82.

[0055] In FIG. 16 , the reinforcement material 1 is placed on the line defining the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, the reinforcement material 1 is placed at the intersection 62 in the middle of the left-side vertical line 63d. The upper-side horizontal line 63a is an unreinforced horizontal line 61b. In the construction example shown in FIG. 16 , the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83. Each recommended connection area has three connection intersections 62a. The first recommended connection area 81 has three connection intersections 62a, two of which are located on the upper-side horizontal line 63a. The first recommended connection area 81 is set to the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the second recommended connection area 82 and the third recommended connection area 83 are set to the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. In FIG. 16 , as an example, the rope 10 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the first recommended connection area 81, which is also on the upper-side horizontal line 63a.

[0056] 17 to 19 show a construction example for another standing tree 5. In FIG. 17, reinforcement materials 1 are placed on the lines that define the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, reinforcement materials 1 are placed on both the upper section horizontal line 63a and the lower section horizontal line 63b. The upper section horizontal line 63a is a reinforced horizontal line 61a. In the construction example shown in FIG. 17, a first recommended connection area 81 and a second recommended connection area 82 exist as recommended connection areas. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set on the first-stage unreinforced horizontal line 621. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are adjacent to each other in the left-right direction X of the slope and are at the same height in the up-down direction Y of the slope. Each recommended connection area has nine connection intersections 62a.

[0057] 17, as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the first recommended connection area 81, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the second recommended connection area 82. The connection intersection 62a in the first recommended connection area 81 is an intersection 62 at which a vertical line 60 located between the first-stage first reinforcement 111 and the first-stage second reinforcement 112, which are adjacent to each other in the first reinforced horizontal line 611, intersects with a first-stage unreinforced horizontal line 621. The connection intersection 62a in the second recommended connection area 82 is an intersection 62 at which a vertical line 60 located between the first-stage second reinforcement 112 and the first-stage third reinforcement 113, which are adjacent to each other in the first reinforced horizontal line 611, intersects with a first-stage unreinforced horizontal line 621. The first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are connected to different recommended connection areas and are connected to recommended connection areas adjacent to each other in the left-right direction X of the slope. The first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are both connected to an intersection 62 on the first-stage unreinforced horizontal line 621. That is, the first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are connected to a connection intersection 62a in the recommended connection area of ​​the same stage.

[0058] The fallen tree load is distributed to the first rope 21 and the second rope 22. The first reinforcing horizontal line 611 is provided with, from left to right, a first-stage first reinforcing member 111, a first-stage second reinforcing member 112, and a first-stage third reinforcing member 113, and the second reinforcing horizontal line 612 is provided with, from left to right, a second-stage first reinforcing member 121 and a second-stage second reinforcing member 122. The fallen tree load acting on the first rope 21 acts primarily on the first-stage first reinforcing member 111, the first-stage second reinforcing member 112, and the second-stage first reinforcing member 121. The fallen tree load acting on the second rope 22 acts primarily on the first-stage second reinforcing member 112, the first-stage third reinforcing member 112, and the second-stage second reinforcing member 122. Therefore, the fallen tree load is distributed across a total of five reinforcing members 1.

[0059] In FIG. 18, reinforcement material 1 is placed on the line that defines the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, reinforcement material 1 is placed at the intersection 62 in the middle of the lower section horizontal line 63b. The upper section horizontal line 63a is an unreinforced horizontal line 61b. In the construction example shown in FIG. 18, the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84. Each recommended connection area has six connection intersections 62a. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set as the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the third recommended connection area 83 and the third recommended connection area 84 are set as the second unreinforced horizontal line 622.

[0060] In FIG. 18 , as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the third recommended connection area 83, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the second recommended connection area 82. The first rope 21 is connected to an intersection 62 on the second-stage unreinforced horizontal line 622, and the second rope 22 is connected to an intersection 62 on the first-stage unreinforced horizontal line 621. That is, the first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are connected to connection intersections 62a in recommended connection areas in different stages. The fallen tree load is distributed to the first rope 21 and the second rope 22. The fallen tree load acting on the first rope 21 acts primarily on the second-stage first reinforcement 121, the second-stage second reinforcement 122, and the third-stage first reinforcement 131. The fallen tree load acting on the second rope 22 acts primarily on the first-stage second reinforcement 112, the first-stage third reinforcement 113, and the second-stage third reinforcement 123. Therefore, the load of the fallen tree is distributed and acts on a total of six reinforcement members 1.

[0061] In FIG. 19, reinforcement materials 1 are placed on the lines defining the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, reinforcement materials 1 are placed at the midpoint 62 of the upper section horizontal line 63a, the midpoint 62 of the right section vertical line 63c, and the midpoint 62 of the lower section horizontal line 63b. The upper section horizontal line 63a is a reinforced horizontal line 61a. In the construction example shown in FIG. 19, the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84. Each recommended connection area has three connection intersections 62a. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set as the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the third recommended connection area 83 and the third recommended connection area 84 are set as the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. 19, as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the first recommended connection area 81, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a in the second recommended connection area 82. The first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are both connected to intersections 62 on the first-stage unreinforced horizontal line 621. That is, the first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are connected to connection intersections 62a in the recommended connection areas of the same stage.

[0062] 20 to 22 show a construction example for another standing tree 5. In FIG. 20, no reinforcement material 1 is placed on the line defining the standing tree exclusion area 63. The upper section horizontal line 63a is an unreinforced horizontal line 61b. In the construction example shown in FIG. 20, the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84. The unreinforced horizontal line 61b located between the second reinforced horizontal line 612 and the third reinforced horizontal line 613 is designated as the third unreinforced horizontal line 623. The first recommended connection area 81 is set as the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, the second recommended connection area 82 and the third recommended connection area 83 are set as the second unreinforced horizontal line 622, and the fourth recommended connection area 84 is set as the third unreinforced horizontal line 623. The second recommended connection area 82 and the third recommended connection area 83 are adjacent to each other in the left-right direction X of the slope. The first recommended connection area 81 has three connection nodes 62a, and the other three recommended connection areas each have nine connection nodes 62a.

[0063] In FIG. 20 , as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the third recommended connection area 83. As indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 20 , a third rope 23 may be additionally connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the fourth recommended connection area 84. When the third rope 23 is used in this manner, the fallen tree load is distributed to a total of three ropes 10: the first rope 21, the second rope 22, and the third rope 23. The first rope 21, the second rope 22, and the third rope 23 may be connected to the connection nodes 62a in recommended connection areas in different stages. The number of ropes 10 for one standing tree 5 is arbitrary and may be four or more.

[0064] In FIG. 21 , reinforcement materials 1 are placed on the lines that define the tree exclusion area 63. Specifically, reinforcement materials 1 are placed at the midpoint 62 of the left-side vertical line 63d and the midpoint 62 of the lower-side horizontal line 63b. The upper-side horizontal line 63a is an unreinforced horizontal line 61b. In the construction example shown in FIG. 21 , the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84. Each recommended connection area has six connection intersections 62a. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set as the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the third recommended connection area 83 and the fourth recommended connection area 84 are set as the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are adjacent to each other in the left-right direction X of the slope, and the third recommended connection area 83 and the fourth recommended connection area 84 are adjacent to each other in the left-right direction X of the slope. In FIG. 21 , as an example, the first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the first recommended connection area 81, and the second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the fourth recommended connection area 84. The first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are connected to the connection intersections 62a of recommended connection areas in different stages.

[0065] In FIG. 22 , reinforcement materials 1 are placed on the lines defining the tree-exclusion area 63. Specifically, reinforcement materials 1 are placed at the intersection 62 between the upper section horizontal line 63a and the left section vertical line 63d, the midpoint intersection 62 of the upper section horizontal line 63a, the intersection 62 between the lower section horizontal line 63b and the left section vertical line 63d, and the midpoint intersection 62 of the lower section horizontal line 63b. The upper section horizontal line 63a is a reinforced horizontal line 61a. In the construction example shown in FIG. 22 , the recommended connection areas include a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are set on the first unreinforced horizontal line 621, and the third recommended connection area 83 is set on the second unreinforced horizontal line 622. The first recommended connection area 81 and the second recommended connection area 82 are adjacent to each other in the left-right direction X of the slope. Each recommended connection area has three connection nodes 62a. In Fig. 22, as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the second recommended connection area 82. The first rope 21 and the second rope 22 are both connected to the nodes 62 on the first-stage unreinforced horizontal line 621.

[0066] The above explanation has been made in relation to a single standing tree 5, but Figures 23 to 25 show examples of construction when there are multiple standing trees 5, specifically when there are two large and two small trees, a total of four standing trees 5. In Figure 23, the reinforcing materials 1 are arranged in a staggered pattern of 2m x 2m, in Figure 24, the reinforcing materials 1 are arranged in a staggered pattern of 1.5m x 2m, and in Figure 25, the reinforcing materials 1 are arranged in a staggered pattern of 1m x 2m.

[0067] 23 , for a relatively small first standing tree 5a, a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83 exist, and as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. For a relatively small second standing tree 5b, a first recommended connection area 81 and a second recommended connection area 82 exist, and as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. For a relatively large third standing tree 5c, a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83 exist, and as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81, a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the second recommended connection area 82, and a third rope 23 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the third recommended connection area 83. Furthermore, for the relatively large fourth standing tree 5d, there is a first recommended connection area 81 and a second recommended connection area 82, and as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the first recommended connection area 81, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the second recommended connection area 82.

[0068] 24, for a relatively small first standing tree 5a, there are a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84. As an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. For a relatively small second standing tree 5b, there are a first recommended connection area 81 and a second recommended connection area 82. As an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the second recommended connection area 82. For a relatively large third standing tree 5c, there are a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83. As an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the second recommended connection area 82, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the third recommended connection area 83. Furthermore, for the relatively large fourth standing tree 5d, there are a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84, and as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the third recommended connection area 83, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the fourth recommended connection area 84.

[0069] 25, for a relatively small first standing tree 5a, there are a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83, and as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. Also, for a relatively small second standing tree 5b, there are a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, and a third recommended connection area 83, and as an example, a rope 10 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. Also, for a relatively large third standing tree 5c, there are a first recommended connection area 81 and a second recommended connection area 82, and as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the second recommended connection area 82, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection nodes 62a in the first recommended connection area 81. Furthermore, for the relatively large fourth standing tree 5d, there are a first recommended connection area 81, a second recommended connection area 82, a third recommended connection area 83, and a fourth recommended connection area 84, and as an example, a first rope 21 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the first recommended connection area 81, and a second rope 22 is connected to one of the connection intersections 62a of the second recommended connection area 82. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 1 Reinforcement 2. Slope 3 Drilling 4 Injection material 5 Standing trees 5a First standing tree 5b Second standing tree 5c third tree 5d Fourth standing tree 6 Net 7 Fixtures 8 Bearing Plate 8a Upper support plate 8b Lower bearing plate 8c Downward convex part 9 Nuts 9a Nut 9b Pressing part 9c Sheath 10 Rope 10a Winding part 10b Connection 10c connection part 11 Wire section 12 Annular section 13. Hook 14 turns of rope 15 Connecting rope 21 First Rope 22 Second Rope 23 Third Rope 60 vertical lines 61 Horizontal Line 61a Reinforced horizontal line 611 First Reinforced Horizontal Line 612 Second Reinforced Horizontal Line 613 Third Reinforced Horizontal Line 61b Unreinforced horizontal line 621 First level unreinforced horizontal line 622 Second row unreinforced horizontal line 623 Third row unreinforced horizontal line 62 intersection 62a Connection Node 63 Tree exclusion area 63a Upper section horizontal line 63b Lower section horizontal line 63c Right section vertical line 63d Left section vertical line 64 Area correction member 71 Ring Unit 72 Wire rod 73a, 73b Joint tool 74 Male thread 75 Connecting nut 76 E-ring 81 First recommended connection area 82 Second recommended connection area 83 Third Recommended Connection Area 84 Fourth Recommended Connection Area 111 First stage first reinforcement 112 First stage second reinforcement 113 First stage third reinforcement material 121 Second stage first reinforcement 122 Second stage second reinforcement material 123 Second stage third reinforcement material 131 Third stage first reinforcement material 132 Third-stage second reinforcement material X-axis, left and right directions Y slope up and down direction

Claims

1. A structure for stabilizing a slope having standing trees, comprising: A net is laid on the slope to form a tree exclusion area so as to exclude the tree portion; Reinforcement materials are installed on the slope at the intersections of the net and transmit the force received from the slope to the net via the intersections; a rope that is wound around the base of the tree and connected to an intersection of the net located on the upper slope of the tree, and that applies the load of the tree when it falls to the reinforcing member located on the upper slope of the tree; A stabilization structure for a slope having standing trees, comprising:

2. 2. The stabilization structure for slopes having standing trees according to claim 1, wherein the rope distributes the load of fallen trees to a plurality of reinforcing members arranged on the slope above the standing trees.

3. The net is made up of vertical lines extending up and down the slope and horizontal lines extending left and right on the slope, The reinforcement materials are arranged in a staggered or grid pattern with multiple intersections in the vertical and horizontal directions of the slope, When a horizontal line where a reinforcement material is placed at an intersection is defined as a reinforced horizontal line, and a horizontal line where a reinforcement material is not placed at an intersection is defined as an unreinforced horizontal line, 3. The stabilization structure for a slope having standing trees according to claim 2, wherein the ropes are connected to intersections on the unreinforced horizontal lines located above the standing trees on the slope.

4. When the horizontal line located on the upper side of the slope of the standing trees and defining the tree exclusion area is defined as the upper demarcation horizontal line, the reinforced horizontal line located on the upper side of the slope and closest to the standing trees is defined as the first reinforced horizontal line, the reinforced horizontal line located next to the first reinforced horizontal line on the slope is defined as the second reinforced horizontal line, the unreinforced horizontal line located between the standing trees and the first reinforced horizontal line is defined as the first unreinforced horizontal line, and the unreinforced horizontal line located between the first reinforced horizontal line and the second reinforced horizontal line is defined as the second unreinforced horizontal line, 4. The stabilization structure for slopes having standing trees according to claim 3, wherein the ropes are connected to an intersection on the first unreinforced horizontal line or an intersection on the second unreinforced horizontal line.

5. The rope includes a first rope and a second rope connected to the same standing tree, The first rope is connected to the intersection on the first unreinforced horizontal line, 5. The stabilization structure for slopes having standing trees according to claim 4, wherein the second rope is connected to an intersection on the second unreinforced horizontal line.

6. The net is made up of vertical lines extending up and down the slope and horizontal lines extending left and right on the slope, The reinforcement materials are arranged in a staggered or grid pattern with multiple intersections in the vertical and horizontal directions of the slope, When a horizontal line where a reinforcement material is placed at an intersection is defined as a reinforced horizontal line, and a horizontal line where a reinforcement material is not placed at an intersection is defined as an unreinforced horizontal line, 3. The stabilization structure for slopes having standing trees according to claim 2, wherein the rope is connected to an intersection of a vertical line and an unreinforced horizontal line located between a pair of adjacent left and right reinforcing members.

7. The reinforcement members are arranged in a staggered pattern, When the horizontal line located on the upper side of the slope of the standing trees and defining the tree exclusion area is defined as the upper demarcation horizontal line, the reinforced horizontal line located on the upper side of the slope and closest to the standing trees is defined as the first reinforced horizontal line, the reinforced horizontal line located next to the first reinforced horizontal line on the slope is defined as the second reinforced horizontal line, the unreinforced horizontal line located between the standing trees and the first reinforced horizontal line is defined as the first unreinforced horizontal line, and the unreinforced horizontal line located between the first reinforced horizontal line and the second reinforced horizontal line is defined as the second unreinforced horizontal line, A stabilization structure for slopes with standing trees as described in claim 6, wherein the rope is connected to an intersection point where a vertical line located between a pair of adjacent left and right reinforcing members in the first reinforced horizontal line intersects with the first unreinforced horizontal line, or to an intersection point where a vertical line located between a pair of adjacent left and right reinforcing members in the second reinforced horizontal line intersects with the second unreinforced horizontal line.

8. The rope includes a first rope and a second rope connected to the same standing tree, The first rope is connected to an intersection of a vertical line and an unreinforced horizontal line located between the first reinforcement member and the second reinforcement member adjacent to each other, 8. A stabilization structure for slopes with standing trees according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second rope is connected to an intersection of a vertical line located between the second reinforcement and a third reinforcement adjacent to the second reinforcement on the opposite side of the first reinforcement and an unreinforced horizontal line.

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