Crushing tool, crushing apparatus and crushing method

Abstract

To provide a crushing tool having high durability.SOLUTION: A crushing tool for crushing a surface to be crushed by being pressed against the surface to be crushed, the crushing tool comprising: a base portion; and a plurality of bits protruding from a tip surface of the base portion, wherein at least bits located at an outermost peripheral portion among the plurality of bits protrude radially such that tips of the bits are located outside an outer periphery of the tip surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a crushing tool, a crushing device, and a crushing method for crushing a surface to be crushed. [Background technology]

[0002] Containers for holding high-temperature contents generally have a refractory layer provided on the inner surface as a lining to protect the container body from the heat of the contents. An example of a container having such a refractory layer is a container for holding molten metal (hereinafter referred to as a "molten metal container").

[0003] However, when such a container is used, the refractory layer gradually deteriorates due to wear caused by contact with the high-temperature contents and spalling (cracks and peeling) caused by thermal shock, etc. Therefore, to maintain the functionality of the refractory layer, it is necessary to carry out periodic repairs.

[0004] A commonly used method for repairing a refractory layer is to spray a monolithic refractory. However, when a monolithic refractory is sprayed onto a deteriorated refractory layer, an interface between the deteriorated refractory layer (hereinafter referred to as the deteriorated layer) and a new refractory layer remains inside the repaired refractory layer. Furthermore, the surface of the deteriorated refractory layer may be coated with molten metal, slag, and other debris (also referred to as slag or buildup) that adhered to the surface of the container during use. Therefore, if a crack occurs in the new refractory layer on the surface side during use of the container after repair, molten metal or the like may penetrate through the crack to the interface between the deteriorated layer and the new refractory layer, causing the new refractory layer to peel off.

[0005] Therefore, in order to prevent the above-mentioned peeling, when repairing the refractory layer, the surface of the area to be repaired is scraped to remove the deteriorated layer and slag adhering to the surface of the refractory layer, and then unshaped refractory material is sprayed on.

[0006] For example, Patent Document 1 proposes that when repairing the lining of the inner surface of a molten metal vessel by spraying, the deteriorated layer on the surface of the refractory layer is removed and dismantled in advance over the entire surface using a crushing device equipped with a crushing tool. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-292278 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Patent Document 1 discloses a crushing tool in which a plurality of bits are provided on the front surface of a base portion, and the bits extend parallel to the striking axis direction. However, when the crushing tool described in Patent Document 1 is used by pressing it against a refractory layer, there is a possibility that the base portion will be damaged, the bits will break, or the bits will fall off.

[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a highly durable crushing tool, crushing device, and crushing method. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.

[0011] 1. A crushing tool that crushes a surface to be crushed by being pressed against the surface to be crushed, The crushing tool includes a base portion and a plurality of bits protruding from a tip surface of the base portion, At least the bits located on the outermost periphery of the plurality of bits are provided so as to protrude radially so that their tips are located outside the outer periphery of the tip surface.

[0012] 2. The crushing tool according to claim 1, wherein the crushing tool has a rotation axis at the center of the tip surface that is perpendicular to the tip surface, and the plurality of bits are inclined at least in the rotational direction relative to the rotation axis of the crushing tool.

[0013] 3. The crushing tool according to 2, wherein the bit is inclined in the direction of rotation, and the inclination angle in the direction of rotation is 5° or more and 25° or less.

[0014] 4. The crushing tool according to any one of 1 to 3 above, wherein the radially protruding bits have an inclination angle in the centrifugal direction of more than 0° and not more than 60°.

[0015] 5. Let the number of bits be n. The distances between the tip of the bit and a straight line perpendicular to the tip surface at the center of the tip surface are r1, r2, ..., r n Then, for all integers i between 1 and n-1, r i+1 -r i 5. The crushing tool according to any one of 1 to 4 above, wherein the value of is equal to or less than the diameter of the maximum diameter portion of the bit.

[0016] 6. A crushing device for crushing a refractory layer of a container having a refractory layer on the inner surface and an opening at the top, a support frame that spans the opening; a swivel drive unit provided at a lower part of the support frame; a vertical support member provided below the swivel drive unit and extending in a vertical direction; a horizontal support member that is supported by the vertical support member so as to be able to rise and fall and that extends in a horizontal direction; an elevation drive unit that raises and lowers the horizontal support member; A crushing and removing device provided at one end of the horizontal support member and having the crushing tool described in any one of 1 to 5 at its tip; a reaction support device provided at the other end of the horizontal support member and having at its tip an abutment member that comes into contact with the refractory layer.

[0017] 7. A crushing method for crushing a surface to be crushed by pressing a crushing tool against the surface to be crushed, The crushing tool includes a base portion and a plurality of bits protruding from a tip surface of the base portion, A crushing method, wherein at least the bits located on the outermost periphery of the plurality of bits are provided so as to protrude radially so that their tips are located outside the outer periphery of the tip surface of the base portion. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] According to the present disclosure, the durability of the crushing tool can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] 1 is a front view showing a structure of a crushing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] 1 is a front view showing the structure of a crushing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a top view showing the structure of a crushing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a bit. [Figure 5] FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a container. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams illustrating examples of a support structure for a contact member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] (Crushing tools) The crushing tool according to the present invention is a tool for crushing a surface to be crushed, and is suitably used for crushing and removing a deteriorated layer present on the surface of a refractory layer provided on the inner surface of a vessel. The present invention can be applied to refractory layers of any material and structure.

[0021] The crushing tool is used by pressing it against the surface to be crushed, and preferably applies an impact in a predetermined impact axis direction. Furthermore, the crushing tool is preferably rotated around a rotation axis while pressed against the surface to be crushed. That is, the crushing tool may perform either or both of crushing by impact and crushing by rotation. When performing both crushing by impact and crushing by rotation, the impact axis direction and the rotation axis direction are the same. Specific crushing methods using the crushing tool will be described later.

[0022] First, an overview of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic front view showing an example of a crushing tool according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the crushing tool 1 comprises a base 2 and bits 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Bits 3 and 7 are located on the outermost periphery of the multiple bits, and are provided so that their tips protrude radially outward from the outer periphery of a tip surface 8 of the base 2 (outside the dashed line in the figure).

[0024] When the crushing tool is pressed against the surface to be crushed and crushing is continued to a depth exceeding the height of the protruding bit, conventionally, the side of the base comes into contact with the surface to be crushed, causing damage to the base, breakage of the bit, or bit drop-off. However, by positioning the tip of the bit located at the outermost periphery outside the outer periphery of the tip face of the base, the part that may come into contact with the side of the base is crushed by the bit located forward of the side in the pressing direction. Therefore, direct contact between the side of the base and the surface to be crushed can be prevented.

[0025] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Furthermore, elements not mentioned in this specification may be the same as those of conventional crushing tools, crushing devices, and crushing methods.

[0026] 2 and 3 show an example of a crushing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, which are a front view and a top view, respectively.

[0027] 2 and 3, the crushing tool 10 includes a base 11 and a plurality of bits 12. Furthermore, the crushing tool 10 includes a holder 13 below the base 11.

[0028] 2 and 3, the base 11 is approximately cylindrical. In the present invention, the shape of the base is not limited, and any shape is possible as long as it allows the bit to be protruded. However, from the viewpoint of making the shape suitable for rotating the crushing tool, the shape of the base is preferably a rotationally symmetric shape (e.g., a regular square prism), and more preferably a rotating body (e.g., a cylindrical or approximately cylindrical shape). A cylindrical or approximately cylindrical base may also be called a disk.

[0029] A holder 13, which is substantially cylindrical and has a smaller diameter than the base 11, is provided coaxially and integrally with the base 11 at the bottom of the base 11. An axial hole (not shown) is provided at the bottom of the holder 13, and in use, the crushing tool 10 is connected to an external device through the axial hole to transmit reciprocating motion, and preferably also rotational motion.

[0030] The base 11 has a tip surface 14 at its upper portion. When viewed from above as shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the tip surface 14 is circular. The tip surface 14 is highest at the center and lowest at the outermost periphery. However, the shape of the tip surface is not limited in the present invention. The tip surface may include multiple surfaces, and may have a multi-step structure with a step in part. Each surface may be flat or curved. For example, the inclination of the surface may change stepwise or continuously toward the periphery. Specifically, a concentric step may be provided on the periphery, or a concentric inclined surface may be provided. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of making the shape suitable for rotating the crushing tool, the shape of the tip surface when viewed from above is preferably a rotationally symmetric shape (e.g., a square), and more preferably a circle or an approximately circle.

[0031] The tip surface 14 is generally opposed to the surface to be crushed. Here, the tip surface can be defined as a surface of the upper surface of the base that is perpendicular to the impact axis direction or rotation axis direction of the crushing tool, and a surface that forms an angle of 45° or less with the perpendicular surface. By configuring it in this way, the tip surface faces the surface to be crushed at an angle within the above-mentioned angle. In addition, the center of the tip surface usually forms a right angle with the impact axis direction or rotation axis direction.

[0032] Twenty-four bit holes 15 are provided on the tip surface 14, and a total of 24 bits 12 protrude from each bit hole 15, one for each. That is, all 24 bits 12 protrude from the tip surface 14. Here, even if a bit protrudes from the boundary between the tip surface and the side surface of the base, it is considered to protrude from the tip surface as long as the protruding position of the bit partially overlaps with the tip surface. Protruding the bit from the tip surface can prevent the bit from breaking due to the reaction force received from the surface to be crushed during crushing. Note that the number of bits shown in the figure is an example, and the number of bits is not limited as long as there is more than one, but is preferably six or more to improve crushing efficiency. Furthermore, from the standpoint of maintainability, all bits 12 have the same shape.

[0033] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the shape of the bit 12 according to this embodiment. The bit 12 comprises, from the tip, a cutting portion 16 having a generally conical shape (height h), a main body 17 having a generally truncated conical shape (top diameter d1, bottom diameter d2), and a generally cylindrical insertion portion 18 having a diameter smaller than d2, all of which are coaxially integrated. The bottom diameter of the cutting portion 16 of the bit 12 is smaller than d1. The cutting portion 16 is fitted to the main body 17 and is configured to be detachable. The shape of the bit is not limited to that of the above embodiment, and can be any shape, preferably a rotating body such as a cone.

[0034] In this embodiment, a cemented carbide alloy is used for the cutting portion 16. By using a cemented carbide alloy for the tip of the bit, the durability of the bit can be improved. Specific examples of the cemented carbide alloy include cemented carbide such as tungsten carbide, and cemented carbide alloys commonly used for tools can be used. In this embodiment, a material other than a cemented carbide alloy is used for the main body 17 and the insert portion 18. From the viewpoint of cost, a material other than a cemented carbide alloy may be used for the parts of the bit other than the tip. The cutting portion 16 is generally called a tip.

[0035] As shown by the cutting portion 16, the sharpened tip of the bit makes the crushing tool more suitable for removing refractory layers. When repairing a refractory layer, molten metal may penetrate cracks in the refractory layer, solidify into a thin sheet, and adhere as a metal base. Because the metal base has higher elasticity than brittle materials such as rock, a refractory layer with the metal base attached can be crushed more effectively by applying a rotational force rather than an impact force. In particular, by pressing the crushing tool, the bit tip can be hooked onto the metal base, and then further rotated to more efficiently remove it. Therefore, from the perspective of creating a bit shape that easily hooks onto the metal base, it is preferable to use a more pointed tip than bits used for crushing brittle materials. Specifically, the radius of curvature of the bit tip is preferably 5 mm or less. Furthermore, the tip angle of the bit is preferably 80° or less. The lower limit of the radius of curvature is not limited, but may be, for example, 0.5 mm or more. Furthermore, there is no lower limit to the tip angle, but from the viewpoint of further improving the bit life, it may be, for example, 40° or more. Fig. 5 shows an enlarged view of the cutting portion 16. The tip angle and radius of curvature correspond to α and r, respectively. The cutting portion 16 has a tip angle α of 80° and a radius of curvature r of 1 mm.

[0036] The bit 12 is supported by the base portion 11 by inserting the insertion portion 18 into the bit holder 19 and then inserting the bit holder 19 into the bit hole 15. In this embodiment, the bit 12 is inserted and fixed in the bit hole 15 so that it can rotate around the bit axis. As a result, when the surface to be crushed is crushed, the frictional force with the surface to be crushed causes the bit to rotate, preventing uneven wear of the bit and further improving the life of the crushing tool.

[0037] In Figure 2, the bit 12 is provided so that the surface formed by connecting its tips (a virtual tip surface) is flat or nearly flat. The shape of the virtual tip surface can be set according to the surface shape of the surface to be crushed. For example, when crushing the surface of a refractory layer provided on the inner surface of a cylindrical container, it is desirable to make the virtual tip surface a curved surface that is convex toward the tip and has the same radius of curvature as the inner surface of the container. By matching the curvature of the virtual tip surface with the curvature of the inner surface of the container, it is possible to make the crushing depth uniform when crushing the refractory layer.

[0038] In this embodiment, when the surface to be crushed is flat, the crushing depth is made uniform and the layer to be crushed (for example, a deteriorated layer) is selectively crushed by adjusting the position and depth of the bit hole 15 and the shape of the tip surface 14 to make the tip virtual surface nearly flat. In this way, the bits may be protruded so that the difference in height of all bit tips is within 10 mm.

[0039] Next, the bit inclination angle will be explained. The bit inclination angle is defined as a direction parallel to the impact axis or rotation axis of the crushing tool (in other words, an axis that passes through the center of the tip surface and is perpendicular to the tip surface) that passes through the center of the tip surface, with an inclination of 0. The bit inclination angle can be expressed as a component in the direction away from the axis (centrifugal direction) and a component in the direction of rotation around the axis (rotational direction). In this case, the centrifugal inclination angle is expressed as a positive value when the bit tip moves away from the axis. Furthermore, for the rotational inclination angle, one of the clockwise and counterclockwise directions is defined as the rotational direction, and the other is defined as the opposite direction to the rotational direction. Furthermore, a consistent expression is used for which direction is defined as the rotational direction for all bits.

[0040] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, at least the bits located on the outermost periphery of the bits 12 are radially protruding so that their tips are located outside the outer periphery of the tip face 14. That is, of the bits 12, the eight bits protruding closest to the outer periphery of the tip face 14 are all inclined in the centrifugal direction so that their tips are located outside the outer periphery of the tip face 14. In other words, the eight bits are inclined radially outward with respect to a line that passes through the center of the tip face 14 and is perpendicular to the tip face 14. The diameter of a circle connecting the tips of the outermost bits is larger than the diameter of a circle when the tip face 14 is viewed from above. As described above, by arranging the outermost bits at such an inclination angle, contact between the side of the base and the surface to be crushed can be prevented.

[0041] It is desirable that not only the outermost bit but also the other bits protruding from the tip surface be inclined in the centrifugal direction. By inclining the other bits in the centrifugal direction, it is possible to prevent the gap between the tip of the outermost bit and the tip of the other bits from becoming large, thereby making the amount of crushing per bit uniform. It is also preferable to arrange the bits so that the bit located on the outer side in the centrifugal direction has a larger centrifugal inclination angle than the bit located on the inner side in the centrifugal direction. In other words, it is preferable that the bits are protruding radially so that the inclination angle gradually increases from the inner side to the outer side in the centrifugal direction of the tip surface.

[0042] The lower limit of the centrifugal inclination angle of the radially protruding bits is not particularly limited, and can be any angle as long as the outermost bits satisfy the above-mentioned conditions. However, an angle greater than 0° is preferable, and 20° or greater is more preferable. On the other hand, if the centrifugal inclination angle exceeds 60°, the bending moment acting on the base of the bit when pressed against the surface to be crushed becomes too large. Therefore, to further improve durability, the centrifugal inclination angle of the radially protruding bits is preferably 60° or less. As an example, the centrifugal inclination angle of the outermost bits in Figures 2 and 3 is 45°.

[0043] Furthermore, in the bit shown in FIG. 4, the bottom diameter of the cutting portion 16 is smaller than the top diameter d1 of the main body portion 17. Therefore, if the bit is placed upright on the base, there is a risk that the top surface of the main body portion 17 will interfere with the surface to be crushed if crushing is carried out to a depth exceeding the height h of the cutting portion 16. In this way, if the inclination angle in the centrifugal direction is small, interference between the bit and the surface to be crushed may cause the bit to fall off or break. Conversely, if the inclination angle in the centrifugal direction is too large, there is a risk that the side of the main body portion 17 will interfere with the surface to be crushed. Therefore, when using the bit shown in FIG. 4, in order to prevent interference between the main body portion 17 and the surface to be crushed even when the crushing tool is pressed to a depth exceeding the height h, the inclination angle in the centrifugal direction is set to θ t Super 90°-θ t It is more preferable that θ is: t =atan((d1 / 2) / h).

[0044] In another specific example, when a superhard material and a material other than a superhard material are used for the bit and at least the tip of the bit is made of a superhard material, the inclination angle in the centrifugal direction is θ r Super 90°-θ r It is preferable that θ r is calculated as follows. First, imagine a plane that passes through the tip of the bit and intersects with the central axis of the bit at an angle of θ = 90°. As the angle θ is gradually reduced, the angle θ when the part made of a material other than the super-hard material comes into contact with the plane is calculated as θ. r By setting the inclination angle in the centrifugal direction in this way, it is possible to prevent interference between the parts other than the ultra-hard material and the surface to be crushed. When using the bit shown in Figure 4, θ r =θ t is.

[0045] Furthermore, in this embodiment, all bits 12 are inclined toward the rotation direction (clockwise in FIG. 3 ). In other words, all bits 12 are inclined in the rotation direction with respect to the rotation axis of the crushing tool, which passes through the center of the tip surface 14 and is perpendicular to the tip surface 14. When the crushing tool is rotated while being pressed, a reaction force having a component in the pressing direction and a component in the rotation direction acts on the tip of the bit. If the bit is protruding without being inclined in the rotation direction, the reaction force acts in a direction inclined in the rotation direction with respect to the central axis of the bit, resulting in a large bending moment acting on the center of the bit base. Therefore, by inclining the bit in the rotation direction, the orientation of the bit can be brought closer to the direction in which the reaction force acts, thereby reducing the bending moment acting on the bit. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce bit dropout and breakage. In this way, it is preferable that the bit be inclined at least in the rotation direction with respect to the rotation axis passing through the center of the tip surface. From the same perspective, it is more preferable that the inclination angle in the rotation direction be 5° or more. On the other hand, if the tilt angle of the rotation direction is too large, the direction of the bit axis will move away from the direction of the reaction force, and the bending moment will increase. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the tilt angle of the rotation direction to 25° or less.

[0046] Next, the bit positions will be explained in detail.

[0047] Increasing the area that can be crushed at one time enables efficient crushing. Therefore, the distance between the line perpendicular to the tip surface at the center of the tip surface and the tip of the outermost bit is preferably 100 mm or more, more preferably 200 mm or more. On the other hand, considering the size that can be used as a tool for crushing refractory layers, the distance is preferably 300 mm or less. For the same reason, when the base part is cylindrical or approximately cylindrical, its diameter is preferably 80 mm or more and 280 mm or less.

[0048] In this embodiment, the bits 12 are evenly arranged over the entire tip surface 14. Specifically, when bits whose tips are on the same circumference are considered to be in the same row, the number of bits per row is 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, and 8 from the center. Here, for rows containing multiple bits, all of the bits are arranged point-symmetrically, i.e., at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. By arranging the bits as point-symmetrically as possible in this way, it is possible to cancel out the component of the reaction force acting on the bit tip during crushing that is on the same plane as the surface to be crushed.

[0049] The pitch between multiple bits in the same row is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of reducing the workload per bit, it is preferable to narrow the pitch and arrange as many bits as possible in the same row. For example, it is preferable to have two or more bits located on the outermost periphery.

[0050] In this embodiment, in order to reduce the variation in the crushing depth of the crushed surface, the intervals between adjacent rows are made small and are all equal to or less than the bottom diameter d2 of the main body 17 of the bit 12. Therefore, for n bits, the distances between the tip of the bit and a straight line perpendicular to the tip face at the center of the tip face are preferably set to r1, r2, ..., r n Then, for all integers i between 1 and n-1, r i+1 -r i The value of is less than or equal to the diameter of the largest diameter part of the bit.

[0051] (Crushing method) The above-described crushing tool is used by, for example, advancing the crushing tool toward the surface to be crushed by an external actuator or the like and pressing it against the surface to be crushed. Typically, the refractory layer can be crushed by applying a rotational force and / or an impact force to the crushing tool in contact with the refractory layer by a crushing and removing device. More specifically, the refractory layer can be crushed by using a crushing device equipped with the above-described crushing tool. The specific configuration of the crushing device will be described later.

[0052] (Crushing equipment) A crushing device according to one embodiment of the present invention is a crushing device for crushing a refractory layer in a container having an opening at the top and a refractory layer on the inner surface, and includes the following elements. A support frame spanning the opening A swivel drive unit provided at the bottom of the support frame A vertical support member provided below the swivel drive unit and extending vertically a horizontal support member that is supported by the vertical support member so as to be able to rise and fall and that extends horizontally; A lifting drive unit that lifts and lowers the horizontal support member A crushing and removing device provided at one end of the horizontal support member and having the crushing tool of the present invention at its tip. A reaction support device provided at the other end of the horizontal support member By using the above-mentioned crushing tool in the crushing device, the refractory layer can be crushed using a crushing tool with high durability.

[0053] Furthermore, the provision of the reaction force support device supports the reaction force generated when the crushing and removal device is used to perform crushing, thereby preventing deformation of the device and resulting displacement of the crushing tool, and as a result, it becomes possible to very accurately control the extent to which the refractory layer is removed.

[0054] [container] The crushing device in this embodiment is for repairing a vessel having a refractory layer on its inner surface. The vessel can be any vessel that has an opening at the top and has a refractory layer at least on its inner surface. The vessel may be, for example, a molten metal vessel. Examples of the molten metal vessel include a hot metal ladle, a molten steel ladle, and a refining vessel.

[0055] Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of the structure of the vessel. The vessel 100 includes a metal vessel body 110 and a refractory layer 120 provided on the inner surface of the vessel body 110. The vessel body 110 is typically made of steel and is also called a steel shell. The refractory layer 120 is also called a lining.

[0056] The crushing device of this embodiment can be applied to a refractory layer having any material and structure. Therefore, the refractory layer 120 may be made of any material and have any structure as long as it is a layer made of a refractory material.

[0057] It is also common for the lining refractory layer to be composed of a molded refractory layer provided on the surface of the vessel body and an unshaped refractory layer provided on the surface of the molded refractory layer. When repairing a refractory layer consisting of a molded refractory layer and an unshaped refractory layer, typically only at least a portion of the unshaped refractory layer located on the surface side is crushed and removed, and the molded refractory layer is reused without being removed. The present invention can also be suitably used for crushing a refractory layer having such a structure.

[0058] The shape of the container is not particularly limited, but may typically be a container with a circular horizontal cross section. If the horizontal cross section of the container is circular, it may be a container with a constant inner diameter, i.e., a cylindrical container. Alternatively, it may be a container with a shape in which the inner diameter decreases as it moves away from the opening (going downward), such as container 100 shown in FIG. 6.

[0059] 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the crushing device 20 in one embodiment of the present invention. The crushing device 20 is provided with a support frame 30, and the crushing device 20 is installed on top of the container 100 by bridging the support frame 30 across the opening of the container 100.

[0060] The method for installing the support frame 30 is not particularly limited, and it can be installed in any manner above the container 100. For example, the support frame 30 may be placed on the upper end of the container 100 as shown in FIG.

[0061] However, the upper end of the container is susceptible to deformation due to the heat and weight of the contents (e.g., molten steel). Furthermore, when the contents are put in or taken out, they may adhere to the upper end, resulting in an uneven upper end. Therefore, from the viewpoint of stably supporting the crushing device, it is preferable to place the support frame 30 on a part of the container other than the upper end surface.

[0062] For example, if the container 100 is a container that is transported and used, it may have protrusions (trunnions) on the outer periphery of the container at opposing positions to be used when suspending it with a crane, etc. In this case, the support frame 30 may be installed by engaging with the protrusions.

[0063] Furthermore, in vessels such as ladles, an annular reinforcing member called a stiffener may be attached to the outer periphery of the vessel to increase the vessel's rigidity. This stiffener is usually attached to a position lower than the vessel's top end surface so as to protrude outward. Therefore, it is generally less susceptible to deformation due to the contents, and the contents do not adhere to it. Therefore, it is also preferable to place a support frame 30 on the top end surface of this stiffener.

[0064] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of mounting the crushing device horizontally and stably, it is preferable that the support frame has a plurality of support legs whose height can be adjusted independently. By installing the support frame on the container via the support legs, it becomes possible to finely adjust the height and inclination of the entire crushing device, thereby further improving the crushing accuracy. The number of support legs is not particularly limited and may be any number of two or more, but is preferably three or more, more preferably three to five, and even more preferably four. It is preferable that the support legs have a hydraulic actuator for adjusting the height.

[0065] Furthermore, since the crushing device usually has a certain weight, it is fixed to a certain extent by its own weight. However, if the reaction force during crushing is large, the crushing device may become displaced. To avoid this, the support frame 30 may be engaged with a trunnion as described above, or the support frame 30 may be fixed to the container 100 using fixing devices such as pins and bolts. Therefore, it is also preferable that the support frame 30 and the container 100 have fixing holes for fixing the support frame 30 through pins or bolts.

[0066] A swivel drive unit 40 is provided below the support frame 30, and a vertical support member 50 is provided below the swivel drive unit 40. The vertical support member 50 is a member that extends in the vertical direction (the up and down direction in FIG. 7) and is rotatably supported by the swivel drive unit 40.

[0067] A horizontal support member 60 extending horizontally is supported on the vertical support member 50 so as to be movable up and down, and the horizontal support member 60 is driven in the up and down direction (the longitudinal direction of the vertical support member 50) by a lifting drive unit 70.

[0068] A crushing and removing device 80 having a crushing tool 81 at its tip is provided at one end of the horizontal support member 60. By driving the crushing tool 81 while it is pressed against the surface of the refractory layer 120, it is possible to remove deteriorated layers and slag present on the surface of the refractory layer 120. The crushing tool described above can be suitably used as the crushing tool 81.

[0069] Any device can be used as the crushing and removing device 80 as long as it can crush and remove the refractory layer. Typically, a crushing and removing device is used that crushes the refractory layer 120 by applying one or both of a rotational force and an impact force to a crushing tool 81 in contact with the refractory layer. When applying the impact force, the crushing tool 81 may be moved back and forth against the surface of the refractory layer 120. For example, a hydraulic drifter may be suitably used as the crushing and removing device 80.

[0070] When the bit of the crushing tool 81 has a structure inclined in the rotation direction, it is preferable that the rotational force be applied in the same direction as the inclination of the bit.

[0071] (Reaction support device) A reaction force support device 90 is provided at the other end of the horizontal support member 60, and a contact member 91 that comes into contact with the refractory layer 120 is provided at the tip of the reaction force support device 90. When the refractory layer 120 is crushed by the crushing and removing device 80, the contact member 91 is brought into contact with the surface of the refractory layer 120 opposite the surface to be crushed, thereby suppressing deformation of the crushing device 20 due to the reaction force and enabling accurate control of the position of the crushing tool 81.

[0072] In particular, in the crushing apparatus of the present invention, the crushing and removing device 80 is supported on the vertical support member 50 via the horizontal support member 60. Therefore, without the reaction support device 90, a bending moment is applied to the vertical support member 50 in the direction indicated by arrow A, with the connection point with the swivel drive unit 40 as the fulcrum. Therefore, by applying a force in the opposite direction (arrow B) using the reaction support device 90, the bending moment can be canceled out.

[0073] Any desired member can be used as the contact member 91 without any particular limitation. Note that a preferred embodiment of the contact member will be described later.

[0074] (actuator) The crushing device preferably includes an actuator for adjusting the positions of the crushing tool and the contact member. A preferred embodiment in which an actuator is used will be described below.

[0075] The crushing and removing device 80 preferably includes a first actuator 82 for adjusting the position of the crushing tool 81. In this case, the crushing tool 81 is configured to be able to advance and retreat in a direction parallel to the horizontal support member 60 by the first actuator 82. By using the first actuator 82, the crushing tool 81 can be moved in the horizontal direction, and the refractory layer can be crushed to a desired depth.

[0076] Similarly, the reaction force support device 90 preferably includes a second actuator 92 for adjusting the position of the abutting member 91. In this case, the abutting member 91 is configured to be movable forward and backward in a direction parallel to the horizontal support member 60 by the second actuator 92. By using the second actuator 92, the abutting member 91 can be moved horizontally and pressed against the refractory layer with a desired force. When performing crushing, the second actuator can be controlled to press the abutting member 91 against the refractory layer so as to cancel out the reaction force generated by pressing the crushing tool 81 against the refractory layer.

[0077] Any actuators that can drive the crushing removal device and the reaction support device can be used as the first and second actuators, but it is preferable to use hydraulic cylinders, which are preferably equipped with stroke measurement sensors.

[0078] When hydraulic cylinders are used as the first and second actuators, it is preferable to use hydraulic cylinders with the same specifications. It is also preferable to connect these hydraulic cylinders with the same specifications to the same hydraulic power source and configure them to operate in synchronous opposite directions. This configuration allows the reaction force support device to be pressed against the refractory layer with a force that balances the reaction force generated by pressing the crushing and removal device against the refractory layer, thereby canceling out the reaction force, despite the simple structure.

[0079] (contacting member) Next, a preferred embodiment of the contact member provided in the reaction support device will be described.

[0080] ·Material As described above, the contact member is not particularly limited and any material can be used. However, if the contact member is hard, there is a risk that the surface (support surface) of the refractory layer it contacts may be damaged. Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing the risk of damage to the refractory layer, the contact member is preferably made of a soft material, and more preferably made of an elastic material. As the soft material, it is preferable to use a material selected from, for example, resin and rubber. A combination of multiple soft materials can also be used. As the elastic material, it is preferable to use, for example, rubber. Note that the rubber here also includes elastomers.

[0081] ·shape The shape of the abutting member is not particularly limited and can be any shape. In one embodiment of the present invention, the abutting member preferably has a flat surface (abutting surface) on the side that comes into contact with the refractory layer. The flat abutting surface can reliably support the reaction force while preventing the force from concentrating at one point on the refractory layer. As the abutting member having a flat abutting surface, for example, a block-shaped or sheet-shaped abutting member can be used.

[0082] The shape of the contact surface is not particularly limited, but it can typically be rectangular or circular.

[0083] In another embodiment of the present invention, wheels may be used as the abutting members. As mentioned above, the surface of the refractory layer is uneven due to the adhesion of molten metal, slag, etc., or the peeling off of parts of the refractory layer. However, if the abutting members are wheels, the abutting members can be moved smoothly while remaining in contact with the surface of the refractory layer. The wheels are preferably rotatable. Furthermore, the rotation surface of the wheels is preferably rotatable about the longitudinal direction of the horizontal support member as the rotation axis. With this structure, the wheels serving as abutting members can be moved smoothly in any direction while remaining in contact with the refractory layer.

[0084] ·Support method As already explained, it is preferable that the abutment member be movable back and forth in a direction parallel to the horizontal support member by the second actuator. In this case, the abutment member can be attached to the second actuator by any method, but it is preferable that the abutment member be supported by the second actuator in a state in which it can swing in at least one direction. By making the abutment member swingable, it is possible to stably support the reaction force even if the surface of the refractory layer is inclined or uneven.

[0085] FIG. 8(a) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a structure in which the abutment member 91 is supported in a state in which it can swing in one direction. In this example, the abutment member 91 is supported using a joint 93 with one degree of freedom of rotation, and the abutment member 91 can swing freely in one axial direction as indicated by the arrow. Note that while FIG. 8(a) shows a case in which it swings in the vertical direction, the swing direction is not particularly limited and may be any direction, such as the horizontal direction. It is more preferable that the abutment member 91 be able to swing in two directions. One method for enabling swing in two directions is to use two joints with one degree of freedom each with different swing directions.

[0086] 8(b) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a structure in which a ball joint is used as the joint 93 that supports the abutment member 91. In this example, the use of a ball joint allows the abutment member 91 to be supported freely in three axial directions. That is, as shown by the arrows in the figure, the abutment member 91 can swing in any direction, including up and down and left and right, and can also rotate around the central axis of the ball joint.

[0087] (Repair using crushing equipment) When repairing a vessel using the crushing device, first, crushing device 20 is installed at the opening of vessel 100 as shown in Fig. 7. Then, while horizontal support member 60 is continuously or intermittently driven in the rotational and vertical directions by swivel drive unit 40 and lift drive unit 70, at least the surface of refractory layer 120 is crushed by crushing and removing device 80. At this time, crushing and removing device 80 is pressed against one of the opposing inner surfaces of vessel 100, and reaction force support device 90 is pressed against the other opposing inner surface to cancel out the reaction force.

[0088] That is, the crushing method according to the present invention is preferably a method for crushing a refractory layer of a container having an opening at the top and a refractory layer on an inner surface, the method comprising: The crushing device is placed at the opening of the container; While driving the horizontal support member continuously or intermittently in a rotational direction and a vertical direction by the rotation drive unit and the lift drive unit, The crushing and removing device is pressed against one of the opposing inner surfaces of the container, and the reaction force support device is pressed against the other of the opposing inner surfaces, This is a crushing method in which at least the surface layer of the refractory layer on one side is crushed by the crushing and removing device.

[0089] The specific method for driving the crushing and removing device is not limited. For example, while the crushing and removing device is pressed against the refractory layer to perform crushing, one or both of the rotation drive unit and the lift drive unit may be used to drive the horizontal support member, thereby moving the crushing and removing device in one or both of the inner circumferential direction (rotational direction) of the container and the vertical direction. This method allows the refractory layer to be continuously crushed.

[0090] However, as mentioned above, in an actual container, the deterioration state of the refractory layer on the opposing surfaces is not necessarily the same, and the thickness of the attached slag and the thickness of the deteriorated layer vary depending on the position. Therefore, in order to reliably remove the deteriorated layer while preventing the removal of sound, undeteriorated refractory, it is preferable to adjust the depth to which the refractory layer is crushed for each position on the inner surface of the container. From this perspective, it is preferable to crush the refractory on the inner periphery of the container by repeating the following steps (1) to (3). (1) With the horizontal support member stopped, the crushing and removing device is advanced toward the refractory layer to crush the refractory layer. (2) After the refractory layer has been crushed to a desired depth, the crushing and removing device is retracted to a position where the crushing tool does not come into contact with the refractory layer. (3) Using one or both of the rotation drive unit and the lift drive unit, the horizontal support member is driven to move the crushing and removal device in one or both of the inner circumferential direction (rotational direction) and vertical direction of the container at a predetermined pitch.

[0091] Whatever method is used for crushing, the reaction force support device should be driven in conjunction with the forward and backward movement of the crushing and removing device so as to cancel out the reaction force.

[0092] (Fracture depth control) As described above, in order to reliably remove the deteriorated layer while preventing the removal of sound, undeteriorated refractory, it is preferable to adjust the depth to which the refractory layer is crushed for each position on the inner surface of the vessel. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the crushing device preferably includes a control device that controls the crushing and removing device based on data on a target crushing depth predetermined for each position on the inner surface of the vessel. Furthermore, in the crushing method according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the control device controls the crushing and removing device so that the refractory layer is crushed to the target crushing depth predetermined for each position on the inner surface of the vessel.

[0093] The target crushing depth is not particularly limited and can be determined by any method. For example, the target crushing depth can be determined based on the usage history of the vessel to be repaired, the condition of the refractory layer on the inner surface of the vessel at the time of repair, etc.

[0094] As information regarding the usage history of the container, it is preferable to use data obtained by periodically measuring the three-dimensional shape of the inner surface of the container. For example, the measurement data can be used to determine whether the refractory layer has peeled off at various parts of the inner surface of the container, and to identify the peeled areas. Furthermore, if no peeling occurs, it is also possible to estimate the approximate thickness of the deteriorated layer that will be formed from the usage history of the container (number of uses, usage time, etc.). Therefore, in determining the target crushing depth, the estimated thickness of the deteriorated layer estimated from the usage history of the container can also be used. Furthermore, the thickness of the deteriorated layer that is formed tends to saturate at a certain level (e.g., 30 to 40 mm). Therefore, the known saturated thickness of the deteriorated layer can also be used to determine the target crushing depth.

[0095] Furthermore, the three-dimensional shape of the inner surface of the container at the time of repair can be measured and used to determine the target crushing depth.

[0096] (Control taking into account deformation of the device) As described above, by using the reaction support device to cancel out the reaction force, the bending moment acting on the crushing device, particularly on the vertical support members, can be canceled out, and the crushing depth can be accurately controlled.

[0097] However, from the viewpoint of further improving the accuracy of the crushing depth, it is preferable to correct the target crushing depth in consideration of the rigidity of the crushing device. An example of this method will be described below.

[0098] When repairing a refractory layer using the crushing device of the present invention, the crushing is performed while the crushing and removal device is pressed against the inner surface of the container. To crush the refractory layer, the crushing tool must be pressed with considerable force. To balance this reaction force, the reaction support device presses the surface opposite the side where the crushing and removal device is pressed. Therefore, the crushing device, particularly the horizontal support member on which the crushing and removal device is installed, is subjected to a strong compressive force from both ends toward the center, resulting in elastic deformation according to the rigidity (spring constant) of the member.

[0099] In this case, the amount of deformation x due to the elastic deformation can be expressed by the following equation (1) according to Hooke's law. x=F / k (1) Here, the following symbols are defined as follows: x: deformation amount (mm) F: Force applied to the device (N) k: spring constant (N / mm)

[0100] Therefore, the actuator (hydraulic cylinder) is driven to move the stroke δ from the surface of the refractory layer in the depth direction. d Even if the device is pushed in by 1 mm, the actual crushing depth δ will decrease due to the deformation of the device. Specifically, the actual crushing depth δ is expressed by the following equation (2). δ=δ d -F / k (2) Here, the following symbols are defined as follows: δ d : Total stroke of hydraulic cylinder (mm) F: Force applied to the device (N) k: spring constant (N / mm) The stroke of the hydraulic cylinder starts from the point (0 mm) when the crushing tool or the contact member first contacts the surface of the refractory layer. The spring constant is the spring constant of the entire system including the crushing and removal device, the first actuator, the reaction support device, the second actuator, and the horizontal support member.

[0101] Therefore, when the refractory layer is crushed using the crushing device, it is preferable to control the actual crushing depth δ to the target crushing depth using the above formula (2), thereby compensating for the deformation of the device and controlling the removal depth of the refractory layer with even higher accuracy.

[0102] The spring constant k can be experimentally determined by measuring in advance the relationship between the force F applied to the device and the amount of deformation x.

[0103] In addition, the force F acting on the device can be measured in real time by a pressure sensor attached to the hydraulic cylinder. In other words, since the pressure-receiving area of ​​the hydraulic cylinder is known, the force F can be calculated by multiplying the pressure measured by the pressure sensor by the pressure-receiving area. [Explanation of symbols]

[0104] 1. Crushing tools 2 Base 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 bits 8 Tip surface 10 Crushing tools 11 Base 12-bit 13 Holder 14 Tip surface 15 bit holes 16 Cutting part 17 Main body 18 Insertion part 19 Bit Holder 20 Crushing equipment 30 Support Frame 40 Swivel drive unit 50 Vertical support member 60 Horizontal support member 70 Lifting drive unit 80 Crushing and Removal Equipment 81 Crushing tools 82 First Actuator 90 Reaction support device 91 Contact member 92 Second Actuator 93 Joints 100 containers 110 Container body part 120 refractory layer d1 diameter d2 Base diameter h high α Tip angle r radius of curvature

Claims

1. A crushing tool that crushes a surface to be crushed by being pressed against the surface to be crushed, The crushing tool includes a base portion and a plurality of bits protruding from a tip surface of the base portion, At least the bits located on the outermost periphery of the plurality of bits are provided so as to protrude radially so that their tips are located outside the outer periphery of the tip surface.

2. The crushing tool according to claim 1 , wherein the crushing tool has a rotation axis at the center of the tip surface and perpendicular to the tip surface, and the plurality of bits are inclined at least in a rotational direction with respect to the rotation axis of the crushing tool.

3. The crushing tool according to claim 2 , wherein the bit inclined in the rotation direction has an inclination angle in the rotation direction of 5° or more and 25° or less.

4. The crushing tool according to claim 1 , wherein the radially protruding bits have a centrifugal inclination angle of more than 0° and not more than 60°.

5. The crushing tool according to claim 2 , wherein the radially protruding bits have an inclination angle in the centrifugal direction of more than 0° and not more than 60°.

6. The crushing tool according to claim 3 , wherein the radially protruding bits have an inclination angle in the centrifugal direction that is greater than 0° and not greater than 60°.

7. The number of bits is n, and the distance between the tip of the bit and a straight line perpendicular to the tip surface at the center of the tip surface is r １ , r ２ , ..., r ｎ Then, for all integers i between 1 and n-1, r ｉ＋１ -r ｉ The crushing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the value of is equal to or less than the diameter of the maximum diameter portion of the bit.

8. A crushing device for crushing a refractory layer of a container having a refractory layer on an inner surface and an opening at an upper portion, a support frame that spans the opening; a swivel drive unit provided at a lower part of the support frame; a vertical support member provided below the swivel drive unit and extending in a vertical direction; a horizontal support member that is supported by the vertical support member so as to be able to rise and fall and that extends in a horizontal direction; an elevation drive unit that raises and lowers the horizontal support member; a crushing and removing device provided at one end of the horizontal support member and having the crushing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6 at its tip; a reaction support device provided at the other end of the horizontal support member and having at its tip an abutment member that comes into contact with the refractory layer.

9. A crushing device for crushing a refractory layer of a container having a refractory layer on an inner surface and an opening at an upper portion, a support frame that spans the opening; a swivel drive unit provided at a lower part of the support frame; a vertical support member provided below the swivel drive unit and extending in a vertical direction; a horizontal support member that is supported by the vertical support member so as to be able to rise and fall and that extends in a horizontal direction; an elevation drive unit that raises and lowers the horizontal support member; a crushing and removing device provided at one end of the horizontal support member and having the crushing tool according to claim 7 at its tip; a reaction support device provided at the other end of the horizontal support member and having at its tip an abutment member that comes into contact with the refractory layer.

10. A crushing method for crushing a surface to be crushed by pressing a crushing tool against the surface to be crushed, The crushing tool includes a base portion and a plurality of bits protruding from a tip surface of the base portion, A crushing method, wherein at least the bits located on the outermost periphery of the plurality of bits are provided so as to protrude radially so that their tips are located outside the outer periphery of the tip surface of the base portion.

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