Fuel oil composition

Abstract

To provide a fuel oil composition having excellent combustion performance by containing a fatty acid alkyl ester and also having oil passing performance at normal temperature.SOLUTION: A fatty acid alkyl ester having a specific property, a cracked gas oil fraction, and a residual carbon source are contained in amounts of 15.0 vol% or more and 35.0 vol% or less, 20.0 vol% or more and 40.0 vol% or less, and 0.5 vol% or more and 5.0 vol% or less, respectively, based on the total amount of the composition; (1) densities at 15 °C. of from 0. 8600g / cm3 to 0. 8800g / cm3, (2) kinematic viscosities at 50 °C. of from 2. 000mm2 / s to 4. 500mm2 / s, (3) sulfur-containing contents of not more than 0.400% by mass, (4) tri - and higher-ring aromatic contents of not less than 3.0% by volume, and (5) residual carbons of 10% residual oils of not less than 0.21% by mass and not more than 0.60% by mass.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition. [Background technology]

[0002] JIS K2205:1991 Class 1 heavy oil (hereinafter also referred to as "A heavy oil"), especially JIS K2205:1991 Class 1 No. 1 heavy oil (hereinafter also referred to as "low-sulfur A heavy oil"), has a higher calorific value per unit volume than kerosene, light oil, etc., allowing for a reduction in the amount (volume) of fuel oil used. Furthermore, compared to C heavy oil (JIS K2205:1991 Class 3 heavy oil), it has lower sulfur, nitrogen, and residual carbon content, resulting in a lower environmental impact. Furthermore, unlike C heavy oil, it does not require heating, can be stored and used at room temperature, and has excellent supply stability. Therefore, it is widely used as a fuel oil for internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines, and as a fuel oil for external combustion engines such as power generation boilers.

[0003] Known marine fuel oils include fuel oils that satisfy ISO 8217 "Petroleum products - Fuels (class F) - Specification of marine fuels." ISO 8217:2017 added additional regulations for marine distillate oils with a maximum content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of 7% by volume or less (DF grades: DFA, DFZ, and DFB). Known fuel oil compositions containing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) include those described in Patent Documents 1 to 3. Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose fuel oil compositions for internal combustion engines and fuel oil compositions for external combustion engines that contain 5 to 100% by volume of a methyl ester of rapeseed oil containing a fatty acid methyl ester, such as methyl myristate. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-231119 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-231120 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-231121 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Fatty acid alkyl esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) contained in the fuel oil compositions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have high combustion performance, and are therefore one of the base oils that are being investigated for use as fuel oils. Furthermore, when fatty acid alkyl esters derived from animals or plants are used, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced, which contributes to the suppression of global warming through reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and is therefore extremely useful from the perspective of environmental protection. Therefore, the use of fatty acid alkyl esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as base oils can be expected to improve combustion performance, and furthermore, the use of fatty acid alkyl esters derived from animals or plants can result in base oils that contribute to environmental protection.

[0006] Incidentally, when a fuel oil composition is used in a ship, particularly in a ship's diesel engine, the frequency of fuel oil filter clogging is likely to increase due to the generation of sludge caused by the aggregation of asphaltene during normal use. Furthermore, when the fuel oil composition is used after long-term storage in a fuel oil tank or the like on board the ship, sludge is more likely to be generated, and the frequency of clogging tends to increase even more.

[0007] Although fuel oil compositions for ships that satisfy the aforementioned ISO 8217 are known, they can sometimes cause blockage of fuel oil filters. Known methods for reducing blockage frequency include reducing potential sediment (total sediment aged, ISO 10307-2) to 0.10% by mass or less and reducing actual sediment (total sediment by hot filtration, ISO 10307-1) to 0.10% by mass or less. However, the permeability of marine fuel oils, particularly distillate oils, through fuel oil filters after storage at room temperature is insufficient, and a fuel oil composition that can further reduce blockage frequency is desired. This is because reducing the blockage frequency of fuel oil filters can reduce the frequency of fuel oil filter cleaning, thereby enabling stable operation.

[0008] In Japan, it is known that the Japan Fisheries Federation's fishing boat fuel oil standard requires that the water content and dry sludge content be below a certain level in order to reduce the frequency of blockages in heavy oil A for fishing boats. Thus, marine fuel oil compositions used both domestically and overseas are required to further reduce the frequency of blockages, and requirements for oil passing performance are becoming stricter every year.

[0009] The fuel oil compositions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 focus on reducing unburned matter (smoke) and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust gases, improving calorific value and reducing soot concentrations in combustion exhaust gases, and improving sludge stability by reducing sulfur content and incorporating carbon residue imparting agents. However, they do not focus on improving fuel passability by reducing the frequency of blockages in addition to improving combustion performance, and there is room for improvement, particularly in terms of fuel passability. Furthermore, ISO 8217 establishes standards for marine distillate oils with a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of 7% by volume or less, but makes no mention of low-sulfur heavy oil A with a fatty acid alkyl ester content of more than 7% by volume. Furthermore, low-sulfur heavy oil A with a fatty acid alkyl ester content of more than 7% by volume, such as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is prone to clogging of fuel oil filters when stored at room temperature and then used, and therefore cannot be said to have excellent fuel oil filter passability (hereinafter also referred to as "room-temperature fuel passability"). Therefore, further improvements are required to improve room temperature oil passing performance by reducing the frequency of fuel oil filter clogging when the fuel oil is used after storage at room temperature. With regard to fuel oil compositions, demands for improvements in performance that leads to stable navigation, such as combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance, are becoming increasingly stringent year by year, and such demands for improvements are particularly pronounced in fuel oil compositions for ships.

[0010] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a fuel oil composition which contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thereby has excellent combustion performance and also room temperature oil passing performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The present inventors have conducted extensive research in light of the above problems and have found that the problems can be solved by the following invention. That is, the present invention provides a fuel oil composition having the following composition.

[0012] [1] A fuel oil composition comprising a fatty acid alkyl ester satisfying all of the following (a1) to (a3), a cracked light oil fraction satisfying all of the following (b1) to (b4), and a residual carbon source satisfying all of the following (c1) to (c2), wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is from 15.0 to 35.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, the content of the cracked light oil fraction is from 20.0 to 40.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, and the content of the residual carbon source is from 0.5 to 5.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, and the composition satisfies all of the following (1) to (5): (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 1.700 mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 / s or less (b2) Sulfur content is 0.40% by mass or less (b3) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more (c1) The slope of the filtration time is 0.15 or less. (c2) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 5.0% by mass or more (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 2.000mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 3.0% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less. [2] The fuel oil composition according to the above [1], wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is a fatty acid methyl ester. [3] The fuel oil composition according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the fatty acid is a mixed fatty acid containing two or more fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. [4] The fuel oil composition according to [3] above, wherein the mixed fatty acid is obtained from at least one raw material selected from animal oils and vegetable oils. [5] The fuel oil composition according to [4] above, wherein the raw material is waste cooking oil. [6] The fuel oil composition according to any one of [1] to [5] above, wherein the residual carbon source is at least one selected from C heavy oil, atmospheric distillation residue, vacuum distillation residue, directly decomposed heavy oil, cracked heavy oil, and extract. [7] The fuel oil composition according to [6] above, wherein the residual carbon source is an extract. [8] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [7], which is used in an internal combustion engine. [9] A method for producing a fuel oil composition that satisfies all of the following (1) to (5), comprising mixing a fatty acid alkyl ester that is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the fatty acid alkyl ester satisfying all of the following (a1) to (a3), a cracked light oil fraction that satisfies all of the following (b1) to (b4), and a residual carbon source that satisfies all of the following (c1) to (c2), so that the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is from 15.0 to 35.0 vol%, based on the total volume of the composition, the content of the cracked light oil fraction is from 20.0 to 40.0 vol%, based on the total volume of the composition, and the content of the residual carbon source is from 0.5 to 5.0 vol%, based on the total volume of the composition. (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 1.700 mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 / s or less (b2) Sulfur content is 0.40% by mass or less (b3) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more (c1) The slope of the filtration time is 0.15 or less. (c2) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 5.0% by mass or more (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 2.000mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 3.0% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fuel oil composition which contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thus has excellent combustion performance and also room temperature oil passing performance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] Hereinafter, a fuel oil composition according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "the present embodiment") will be specifically described. In this specification, the values ​​of "less than," "greater than," and "to" in describing a numerical range are values ​​that can be arbitrarily combined. For example, when a certain numerical range is described as "A to B" and "C to D," the numerical ranges "A to D" and "C to B" are also included. Furthermore, the numerical values ​​in the examples are values ​​that can be used as upper or lower limits.

[0015] [Fuel oil composition] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester that satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), a cracked light oil fraction that satisfies all of the following (b1) to (b4), and a residual carbon source that satisfies all of the following (c1) to (c2), wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is from 15.0 to 35.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, the content of the cracked light oil fraction is from 20.0 to 40.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, and the content of the residual carbon source is from 0.5 to 5.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, satisfying all of the following (1) to (5): (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 1.700 mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 / s or less (b2) Sulfur content is 0.40% by mass or less (b3) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more (c1) The slope of the filtration time is 0.15 or less. (c2) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 5.0% by mass or more (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 2.000mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 3.0% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.

[0016] (Composition and properties of fuel oil composition) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment satisfies the composition and properties specified in the following (1) to (5). (1) Density at 15°C The density of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment at 15 ° C. is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 If the density at 15°C is not within the above range, the combustion performance may be reduced. Also, the total calorific value may be reduced.

[0017] From the viewpoint of improving room temperature oil passing performance and combustion performance, and further improving the total calorific value, the density of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment at 15°C is preferably 0.8650 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8680 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8710 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.8790 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8770 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8750 g / cm 3 The following is the result. In this specification, the density at 15°C is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2249-1:2011 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of density - Part 1: vibration method).

[0018] (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment at 50 ° C. is 2.000 mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 If the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is not within the above range, the combustion performance may be reduced. In addition, the composition may not be suitable for use in various devices such as pumps and flow meters, and lubricity may not be ensured, making it impossible to use the composition as a fuel oil composition.

[0019] The kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 2.800 mmHg, from the viewpoint of improving combustion performance, making it more suitable for use in various equipment, and improving lubricity.2 / s or more, preferably 3.100 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 3,300 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 4.100 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 3.700 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 3,500 mm 2 / s or less. In this specification, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2283:2000 (Testing method for kinematic viscosity of crude oil and petroleum products).

[0020] (3) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.400% by mass or less. If the sulfur content is not within this range, corrosion may occur due to an increase in sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas, and environmental performance may be reduced due to an increased load on the environment. In consideration of suppressing the occurrence of corrosion and improving environmental performance, the sulfur content is preferably 0.360% by mass or less, more preferably 0.350% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.315% by mass or less. Furthermore, the lower the sulfur content, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, but from the viewpoint of improving storage stability and lubricity, it is usually 0.05% by mass or more. In this specification, the sulfur content other than fatty acid alkyl esters is measured by selecting a measurement method depending on the content, and when the content is 0.01 to 5 mass%, it is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-4:2003 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 4: Radioactive excitation method).

[0021] (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings The content of aromatics with three or more rings in the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 3.0% by volume or more. If the content of aromatics with three or more rings is not within the above range, room temperature oil passing performance will decrease. From the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in room temperature oil passing performance of the fatty acid alkyl ester and thereby improving the room temperature oil passing performance of the fuel oil composition, the content is preferably 3.1% by volume or more, more preferably 3.2% by volume or more, and even more preferably 3.3% by volume or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 6.0% by volume or less. In this specification, the contents of aromatic components other than residual carbon sources (monocyclic aromatic components, bicyclic aromatic components, and tricyclic or higher aromatic components), as well as the contents of saturated components and olefin components, are values ​​measured by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography method specified in JPI-5S-49-2007, Petroleum Products - Hydrocarbon Type Testing Method.

[0022] (5) Carbon residue in 10% residual oil The carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less. If the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil exceeds 0.60% by mass, it becomes difficult to maintain combustion performance, sludge is more likely to be produced, and room temperature oil passability decreases. Furthermore, by setting the carbon residue content to 0.21% by mass or more, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be treated as heavy oil A and is exempt from the light oil delivery tax, thereby providing tax benefits. From the perspective of improving combustion performance and room temperature oil passability, and taking into consideration tax benefits, the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil is preferably 0.22% by mass or more, more preferably 0.23% by mass or more, with the upper limit being preferably 0.50% by mass or less, more preferably 0.40% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.38% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.37% by mass or less. In this specification, the carbon residue of 10% residual oil is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2270-2:2009 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Part 2: Micro method) using 10% residual oil prepared in accordance with Appendix A.

[0023] Furthermore, in addition to the properties and compositions (1) to (5) above, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment preferably further satisfies at least one property and composition selected from the following (6) to (12), and it is particularly preferable that it satisfies all of the properties and compositions (6) to (12) below.

[0024] (6) Flash point From the viewpoint of safety in handling, the flash point of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 60.0°C or higher, more preferably 65.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 70.0°C or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 100.0°C or lower. In this specification, the flash points of substances other than fatty acid alkyl esters are values ​​measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-3:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Flash point test method - Part 3: Pensky-Martens closed-cell method).

[0025] (7) Cetane number The cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 39.0 or more, more preferably 40.0 or more, and even more preferably 41.0 or more, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is usually not more than 55.0. When the cetane number is within the above range, combustion performance is improved. In this specification, the cetane number is a value determined in accordance with JIS K 2280-4:2013 (Petroleum products -- Determination of octane number, cetane number and cetane index -- Part 4: Cetane number).

[0026] (8) Moisture content The water content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. When the water content is within this range, the generation of sludge due to an emulsion of asphaltene and water and the occurrence of freezing during storage at room temperature can be suppressed, thereby reducing the frequency of blockage in fuel oil filters and improving room temperature oil passing performance. In this specification, the water content other than fatty acid alkyl esters is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-1:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of water content - Part 1: Distillation method).

[0027] (9) Copper Plate Corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 1 or less (1a or 1b) in terms of the classification of copper plate in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary equipment such as fuel oil tanks, piping, diesel engines, and equipped pumps can be prevented, thereby enabling more stable operation of various equipment such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. In this specification, copper plate corrosion is measured in accordance with JIS K 2513:2000 (Petroleum products - Copper plate corrosion test method) at a test temperature of 50°C and for a test time of 3 hours.

[0028] (10) Acid value The acid value of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 0.05 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably less than 0.05 mgKOH / g. The smaller the acid value, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, with 0.0 mgKOH / g being particularly preferred. When the acid value is within the above range, sludge formation can be suppressed, thereby reducing the frequency of blockage in fuel oil filters, improving room-temperature oil passing performance and further suppressing corrosion of components such as storage tanks and piping during room-temperature storage. In this specification, the acid value is a value measured in accordance with "7. Potentiometric titration method (acid value)" specified in JIS K 2501:2003 (Petroleum products and lubricants - Test method for neutralization number).

[0029] (11) Pour point The pour point of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably −0.0° C. or lower, more preferably −2.5° C. or lower, and even more preferably −5.0° C. or lower, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually −35.0° C. or higher. When the pour point is within the above range, the fluidity in storage tanks and piping at low temperatures is improved, and handleability is also improved. In this specification, the pour point is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2269:1987 (Testing method for pour point and cloud point of crude oil and petroleum products).

[0030] (12)Nitrogen content The nitrogen content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 200 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 190 ppm by mass or less, and even more preferably 180 ppm by mass or less. There is no particular lower limit, but it is usually 30 ppm by mass or more. If the nitrogen content is within the above range, NOx emissions can be reduced, thereby improving environmental performance. In this specification, the nitrogen content is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2609:1998 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination method for nitrogen content).

[0031] (fatty acid alkyl esters) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), and contains a fatty acid alkyl ester, which is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in an amount of from 15.0 to 35.0% by volume based on the total volume of the composition. (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less

[0032] (a1) Cetane number The cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 49.0 or higher. Fatty acid alkyl esters are known as oils with high cetane numbers, and the use of fatty acid alkyl esters can improve the cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, thereby improving combustion performance. Therefore, if the cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is less than 49.0, the effect of improving the cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment cannot be sufficiently obtained, and combustion performance may be reduced. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance, the cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 50.0 or more, more preferably 51.0 or more. There is no particular upper limit, and it is usually 70.0 or less.

[0033] (a2) Acid value The acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 0.50 mgKOH / g or less. If the acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is not within the above range, the suppression of sludge formation will increase the frequency of clogging in fuel oil filters, resulting in a decrease in room-temperature oil permeability and the possibility of corrosion of components such as storage tanks and piping during storage at room temperature. From the viewpoint of improving room-temperature oil permeability and suppressing corrosion of components, the acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 0.48 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 0.47 mgKOH / g or less, and even more preferably 0.46 mgKOH / g or less. There is no particular lower limit, and the acid value is usually 0.05 mgKOH / g or more.

[0034] (a3) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil The carbon residue of the 10% residual oil of fatty acid alkyl ester is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less. If the carbon residue of the 10% residual oil of fatty acid alkyl ester is not within the above range, it will be difficult to achieve a carbon residue of 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less in the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, making it difficult to maintain combustion performance. In addition, it will be difficult to reduce the frequency of clogging in the fuel oil filter, which may result in a decrease in room temperature oil passing performance. In order to improve combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance by making it easier to make the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment 0.21 mass% or more and 0.60 mass% or less, the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 0.85 mass% or more, more preferably 0.90 mass% or more, with the upper limit preferably being 1.40 mass% or less, more preferably 1.30 mass% or less, even more preferably 1.15 mass% or less, and still more preferably 1.00 mass% or less. Furthermore, if the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of fatty acid alkyl ester is within the above range, it becomes easier to enjoy tax benefits.

[0035] (fatty acids and alkyl alcohols) In a broad sense, a fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid and an alkyl alcohol, and the fatty acid alkyl ester used in this embodiment is an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and satisfies all of the above (a1) to (a3).

[0036] The fatty acid may be either saturated or unsaturated. Among fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, representative examples of saturated fatty acids include caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecylic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosylic acid, and behenic acid.

[0037] Representative preferred examples of unsaturated fatty acids include monounsaturated fatty acids such as myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and erucic acid; and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, mead acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosadienoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.

[0038] The fatty acid may be one kind or a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds, and the fatty acid alkyl ester may be any of the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and the following (a4) to (a 11 ) and improves combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance, it is preferable to use a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds. That is, as will be described later, it is preferable to use two or more fatty acid alkyl esters using a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds. Furthermore, the above fatty acids are representative examples of straight-chain fatty acids, but the fatty acids may be either straight-chain or branched-chain fatty acids as long as they have 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

[0039] Examples of alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Propanol and butanol may have a straight chain or a branched chain. The fatty acid alkyl esters are selected from the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and the following (a4) to (a 11 ) to improve combustion performance and room-temperature oil passing performance, and in consideration of ease of production of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less, i.e., more preferably methanol or ethanol, and particularly preferably methanol. Therefore, fatty acid methyl ester is particularly preferred as the fatty acid alkyl ester used in this embodiment.

[0040] In this embodiment, the fatty acid alkyl ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more. 11 ) and improve combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance, it is preferable to use two or more of them in combination. Examples of combinations of two or more include two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from two or more fatty acids and one alkyl alcohol, two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from one fatty acid and two or more alkyl alcohols, and two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from two or more fatty acids and two or more alkyl alcohols, and any of these may be used in this embodiment.

[0041] The fatty acid alkyl esters are selected from the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and the following (a4) to (a 11 ) and improve combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance, it is preferable to use two or more fatty acid alkyl esters composed of two or more fatty acids and one alkyl alcohol. When two or more fatty acids are used, for example, the fatty acids exemplified above may be mixed and used, or a mixed fatty acid containing two or more fatty acids may be used. Preferred examples of mixed fatty acids include fatty acids obtained from raw materials such as animal oils, vegetable oils, etc. The use of fatty acids derived from animals and plants obtained from these animal and vegetable oils as raw materials can contribute to the suppression of global warming by reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and is therefore extremely useful from the perspective of environmental protection.

[0042] Typical preferred animal oils that can be used as raw materials for mixed fatty acids include beef tallow, lard, mutton tallow, whale oil, fish oil, and liver oil, while typical preferred vegetable oils include linseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, castor oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, and rice bran oil. When using a naturally occurring raw material such as an animal oil or a vegetable oil, a pretreatment may be carried out as necessary before preparing a fatty acid alkyl ester by esterification with an alkyl alcohol. For example, the pretreatment may be carried out by purification such as distillation or clay treatment.

[0043] When two or more fatty acids are used, the two or more fatty acid alkyl esters preferably include fatty acid alkyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols, and among the unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms, it is more preferable to include fatty acid alkyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, i.e., oleic acid alkyl esters, linoleic acid alkyl esters, and linolenic acid alkyl esters. In this case, the total content of the fatty acid alkyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol contained in the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, even more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 75% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is recommended to set it to 95% by mass or less. When the total content of the fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms is within the above range, the fatty acid alkyl ester can be prepared by the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and further the following (a4) to (a 11 ) can be easily satisfied, thereby improving combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance.

[0044] As the raw material of the mixed fatty acid, vegetable oil is preferred, and rapeseed oil is particularly preferred.Furthermore, as the raw material of the mixed fatty acid, waste edible oil is preferred, waste edible oil containing vegetable oil is more preferred, and vegetable oil containing rapeseed oil, i.e., waste edible oil containing rapeseed oil is even more preferred.By adopting waste edible oil as the animal and vegetable oil, it is possible to avoid competition with food and also to protect the environment by reusing waste. Like the above-mentioned naturally occurring raw materials such as animal oils and vegetable oils, waste edible oils may be pretreated, if necessary, before being esterified with alkyl alcohol to prepare fatty acid alkyl esters. For example, pretreatment by purification such as distillation or clay treatment may be performed.

[0045] In the present embodiment, when fatty acids derived from animals or plants are used as the mixed fatty acids, fatty acids other than fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, i.e., fatty acids having from 7 to 23 carbon atoms, may be contained. In this case, the content of fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms contained in the mixed fatty acids is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 92% by mass or more, and even more preferably 95% by mass or more. That is, the content of fatty acids other than fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and even more preferably 5% by mass or less. The lower limit is preferably the lower the better, and there is no particular restriction, but it is usually 0.5% by mass or more.

[0046] In addition to the properties and composition of the above (a1) to (a3), the fatty acid alkyl ester further has the following properties (a4) to (a 11 ) and preferably satisfies at least one of the properties and compositions selected from the following (a4) to (a 11 It is preferable that the properties and composition of the above-mentioned materials are satisfied.

[0047] (a4) Density at 15°C The density of the fatty acid alkyl ester at 15°C is preferably 0.8700 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8750 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm3 The upper limit is preferably 0.9000 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8900 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8850 g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the density at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be made to be 0.8700 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.8900g / cm 3 Therefore, the combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance are improved, and the total calorific value is also improved.

[0048] (a5) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the fatty acid alkyl ester at 50°C is preferably 3.000 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 3.200 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 3,300 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 4,500 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 4,000 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 3.900 mm 2 When the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is within the above range, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be made to be 2.000 mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less, improving combustion performance, making it easier to adapt to the range of use of various equipment such as pumps and flow meters, and improving lubricity.

[0049] (a6) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 3 ppm by mass or less, and the lower limit is not particularly limited, as the lower limit is the more preferable. When the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be easily reduced to 0.400% by mass or less, which can further suppress the occurrence of corrosion and improve environmental performance. In this specification, the sulfur content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-6:2013 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 6: ultraviolet fluorescence method).

[0050] (a7) Flash point From the viewpoint of safety in handling, the flash point of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 100.0° C. or higher, more preferably 130.0° C. or higher, and even more preferably 150.0° C. or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 200.0° C. or lower. In this specification, the flash point of a fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-2:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Flash point test method - Part 2: rapid equilibrium closed-cell method).

[0051] (a8) Moisture content The water content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 1000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 500 mg / kg or less, and even more preferably 250 mg / kg or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 100 mg / kg or more. When the water content is within the above range, sludge formation and freezing can be suppressed, and the frequency of clogging can be reduced, thereby improving the room temperature oil passing performance. In this specification, the water content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-2:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of water content - Part 2: Karl Fischer volumetric titration method).

[0052] (a9) Copper plate corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably categorized as 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary machinery can be prevented, enabling more stable operation of various devices such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines.

[0053] (a 10 ) Pour point The pour point of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably −0.0° C. or lower, more preferably −2.5° C. or lower, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually −20.0° C. or higher. When the pour point is within the above range, the fluidity in a storage tank or in piping at low temperatures is improved, and the handleability is also improved.

[0054] (a 11 ) Compositional analysis The composition of fatty acid alkyl esters can be analyzed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (FID) in accordance with "2.4.21.3-77 Fatty acid composition (FID temperature-programmed gas chromatography method)" of the Standard Methods for Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials (established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society in 1993).

[0055] As described above, the fatty acid alkyl ester preferably comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester of an alkyl alcohol with a mixed fatty acid containing at least an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, particularly oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The total content of the mixed fatty acid containing at least oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid and the fatty acid alkyl ester of an alkyl alcohol based on the total amount of fatty acid alkyl esters is, as described above, preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, even more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 75% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is recommended that it be 95% by mass or less.

[0056] When the fatty acid alkyl ester contains two or more types of fatty acid alkyl esters, it is preferable that they contain at least an oleic acid alkyl ester, a linoleic acid alkyl ester, and a linolenic acid alkyl ester (a fatty acid alkyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol), as described above. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the composition further contains stearic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of saturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), even more preferable that the composition further contains palmitic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of saturated fatty acids having 16 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), even more preferable that the composition further contains arachidic acid alkyl esters and erucic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of saturated fatty acids having 20 and 22 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), as well as eicosenoic acid alkyl esters and behenic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids having 20 and 22 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), and it is particularly preferable that the composition further contains at least one selected from caprylic acid alkyl esters, capric acid alkyl esters, lauric acid alkyl esters, and myristate alkyl esters.

[0057] (Fatty acid alkyl ester content) The content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is 15.0% by volume or more and 35.0% by volume or less. If the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is less than 15.0% by volume, combustion performance decreases, and if it exceeds 35.0% by volume, room temperature oil passability decreases. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and room temperature oil passability, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 17.5% by volume or more, and the upper limit is preferably 32.5% by volume or less.

[0058] (Cracked gas oil fraction) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains a cracked gas oil fraction in an amount of 20.0% by volume or more and 40.0% by volume or less based on the total volume of the composition. The cracked gas oil fraction is a catalytically cracked gas oil fraction obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue. The cracked gas oil fraction used in this embodiment is one of the above fractions that satisfies the properties and composition of the following (b1) to (b4). (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 1.700 mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 / s or less (b2) Sulfur content is 0.40% by mass or less (b3) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more

[0059] (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the cracked light oil fraction at 50°C is 1.700mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 If the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is not within the above range, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 2.000 mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less, the combustion performance may be reduced, it may be difficult to conform to the operating range of various equipment such as pumps and flow meters, and lubricity may be reduced. By making it easier to set the kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment within the above range, combustion performance can be improved, making it easier to adapt to the range of use of various equipment, and from the viewpoint of improving lubricity, it is preferably 1.900 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 2.100 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 3.200 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 2.800 mm 2 / s or less.

[0060] (b2) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the cracked light oil fraction is 0.400% by mass or less. If the sulfur content is not within this range, it will be difficult to achieve a sulfur content of 0.400% by mass or less in the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, which will make it difficult to suppress the occurrence of corrosion and may result in reduced environmental performance. Considering that the occurrence of corrosion can be suppressed and environmental performance can be improved by making it easier for the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment to be 0.400 mass% or less, the sulfur content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.300 mass% or less, more preferably 0.250 mass% or less, and the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and although there is no particular limit, it is usually 0.05 mass% or more.

[0061] (b3) Aromatic content The aromatic content of the cracked diesel fraction is 50.0% by volume or more. Here, the aromatic content refers to the total content of one-ring aromatics, two-ring aromatics, and three- or more-ring aromatics. If the aromatic content is not within the above range, it is not possible to prevent fuel oil filter clogging due to sludge generation, and this can usually result in reduced oil passing performance and reduced combustion performance. From the viewpoint of further suppressing fuel oil filter clogging due to sludge generation, thereby improving normal oil passing performance and improving combustion performance, the content is preferably 60.0% by volume or more, more preferably 65.0% by volume or more, and the upper limit is preferably 85.0% by volume or less.

[0062] (b4) Aromatic content with 3 or more rings The content of aromatic compounds having three or more rings in the cracked light oil fraction is 5.0% by volume or more. If the content of aromatic compounds having three or more rings is not within the above range, it will be difficult to achieve a content of aromatic compounds having three or more rings of 3.0% by volume or more in the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, which may result in reduced storage stability. In order to facilitate achieving a 3 or more ring aromatic content of 3.0% by volume or more in the fuel oil composition of this embodiment and improve storage stability, the content is preferably 6.0% by volume or more, more preferably 7.0% by volume or more, even more preferably 8.0% by volume or more, and even more preferably 8.5% by volume or more, with no particular upper limit, and it is usually 15.0% by volume or less.

[0063] The cracked gas oil fraction has the following properties and compositions (b1) to (b4) in addition to the properties and compositions (b5) to (b6) below. 14 ) and preferably satisfies at least one of the properties and compositions (b5) to (b 14 It is preferable that the properties and composition of the above-mentioned materials are satisfied.

[0064] (b5) Density at 15°C The density of the cracked gas oil fraction at 15°C is preferably 0.8900 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8950 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.900 g / cm 3The upper limit is preferably 0.9400 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.9300 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9200 g / cm or less 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the kinematic viscosity at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be reduced to 0.8600 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.8900g / cm 3 Therefore, the room temperature oil passing performance and combustion performance are improved, and further the total calorific value is improved.

[0065] (b6) Flash point From the viewpoint of improving safety in handling, the flash point of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 60.0° C. or higher, more preferably 65.0° C. or higher. There is no particular upper limit to the flash point, and it is usually 100° C. or lower.

[0066] (b7) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil The carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, with the upper limit preferably being 0.20% by mass or less. When the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil is within the above range, the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be easily adjusted to 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less, thereby improving combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance. In addition, it becomes easier to enjoy tax benefits.

[0067] (b8) Cetane number The cetane number of the cracked gas oil fraction is preferably 20.0 or more, more preferably 25.0 or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 45.0 or less. When the cetane number is within the above range, combustion performance is improved.

[0068] (b9) Moisture content The water content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. When the water content is within this range, sludge formation and freezing can be suppressed, and the frequency of blockage can be reduced, thereby improving the room temperature oil passing performance.

[0069] (b 10 ) Copper plate corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 1 or less (1a or 1b) in terms of the classification of copper plate in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary machinery can be prevented, thereby enabling more stable operation of various equipment such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines.

[0070] (b 11 ) Acid value The acid value of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.05 mg KOH / g or less, more preferably less than 0.05 mg KOH / g. The smaller the acid value, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, with 0.0 mg KOH / g being particularly preferred. When the acid value is within the above range, the room temperature oil passing performance is improved and corrosion of components can be suppressed.

[0071] (b 12 ) Pour point The pour point of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably −10.0° C. or lower, more preferably −12.5° C. or lower, and even more preferably −15.0° C. or lower, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually −35.0° C. or higher. If the pour point is within the above range, the fluidity in storage tanks and piping at low temperatures is improved, and handleability is also improved.

[0072] (b 13 )Nitrogen content The nitrogen content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 400 ppm by mass or less, and even more preferably 300 ppm by mass or less. Although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually 50 ppm by mass or more. If the nitrogen content is within the above range, NOx emissions can be reduced, thereby improving environmental performance.

[0073] (b 14 ) Distillation properties As for the distillation properties of the cracked light oil fraction, the 10% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 170.0°C or higher, more preferably 180.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 195.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 230.0°C or lower, more preferably 220.0°C or lower, and even more preferably 210.0°C or lower. The 50% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 240.0°C or higher, more preferably 250.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 260.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 300.0°C or lower, more preferably 285.0°C or lower, and even more preferably 270.0°C or lower. The 90% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 310.0°C or higher, more preferably 320.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 330.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 370.0°C or lower, more preferably 355.0°C or lower, and even more preferably 340.0°C or lower. When the distillation properties of the cracked light oil fraction are the above 10% by volume distillation temperature, 50% by volume distillation temperature and 90% by volume distillation temperature, the effects of low boiling point components and high boiling point components are suppressed, improving combustion performance. In this specification, the 10% by volume distillation temperature, 50% by volume distillation temperature, and 90% by volume distillation temperature of the distillation properties are values ​​measured in accordance with JIS K2254:2018 (Petroleum products - Determination of distillation properties - (atmospheric pressure method)).

[0074] (Content of cracked gas oil fraction) The content of the cracked gas oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is 20.0% by volume or more and 40.0% by volume or less. If the content of the cracked gas oil fraction is less than 20.0% by volume, room temperature passability will decrease, and if it exceeds 40.0% by volume, combustion performance will decrease. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and room temperature passability, the content of the cracked gas oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 22.5% by volume or more, with the upper limit preferably being 37.5% by volume or less.

[0075] (residual carbon source) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains a residual carbon source in an amount of 0.5% by volume or more and 5.0% by volume or less, based on the total volume of the composition. The residual carbon source used in this embodiment is one of the above fractions that satisfies all of the following (c1) to (c2): (c1) The slope of the filtration time is 0.15 or less. (c2) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 5.0% by mass or more

[0076] Typical examples of the residual carbon source include heavy oil fractions such as C heavy oil, atmospheric distillation residue, vacuum distillation residue, directly decomposed heavy oil, and cracked heavy oil, which satisfy all of the above (c1) and (c2), as well as extracts. The residual carbon source can be obtained from the following fractions alone or in combination of two or more. In consideration of room temperature oil passing performance and combustion performance, atmospheric distillation residue, directly decomposed heavy oil fractions, and extracts are preferred, with extracts being more preferred. ·C heavy oil Atmospheric distillation residue (residual oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil in an atmospheric distillation unit) Vacuum distillation residue (residual oil obtained by vacuum distilling atmospheric distillation residue in a vacuum distillation unit) Directly desulfurized heavy oil fraction (heavy oil obtained by directly desulfurizing atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue in a desulfurization unit) Cracked heavy oil fraction (heavy oil obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of directly decomposed heavy oil) Extract (a highly aromatic extract obtained by distilling and separating medium and heavy vacuum distillate oils obtained by vacuum distillation of atmospheric distillation residue oil, and bright stock oils obtained by deasphalting vacuum distillation residue oils using furfural, etc.)

[0077] (c1) Slope of filtration time The slope of the filtration time of the residual carbon source is 0.15 or less. If it is greater than 0.15, excellent room-temperature oil passing performance cannot be obtained. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and room-temperature oil passing performance, the slope of the filtration time of the residual carbon source is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.08 or less, even more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.03 or less. There is no particular restriction on the lower limit, and it is usually 0.01 or more. The method for measuring the slope of the filtration time will be explained in the Examples.

[0078] (c2) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil The carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the carbon residue source is 5.0% by mass or more. If it is less than 5.0% by mass, it becomes necessary to increase the blend ratio of the carbon residue source in order to make the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less, making it difficult to maintain combustion performance. In addition, it becomes difficult to reduce the frequency of clogging in the fuel oil filter, and room temperature oil passing performance may decrease. In order to improve combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance by making it easier to set the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment to 0.21 mass% or more and 0.60 mass% or less, the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the carbon residue source is preferably 8.0 mass% or more, more preferably 10.0 mass% or more, with the upper limit being preferably 50.0 mass% or less, more preferably 35.0 mass% or less, even more preferably 25.0 mass% or less, and still more preferably 15.0 mass% or less. Furthermore, if the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the carbon residue source is within the above range, it becomes easier to enjoy tax benefits.

[0079] The residual carbon source may further have the following properties and compositions (c3) to (c4) in addition to the properties and compositions (c1) to (c2) above. 12 ) and preferably satisfies at least one of the properties and compositions (c3) to (c 12 It is preferable that the properties and composition of the above-mentioned materials are satisfied.

[0080] (c3) Density at 15°C The density of the residual carbon source at 15°C is preferably 0.9830 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.9750 g / cm 3 Below, 0.9600g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.8800 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9000 g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the density at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be made to be 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 Therefore, the combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance are improved, and the total calorific value is also improved.

[0081] (c4) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the residual carbon source at 50°C is preferably 40,000 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 35,000 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 25,000 mm 2 / s or less, and there is no particular lower limit, usually 5,000 mm 2 When the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is within the above range, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be made to be 2.000 mm / s or more. 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less, improving combustion performance, making it easier to adapt to the range of use of various equipment such as pumps and flow meters, and improving lubricity.

[0082] (c5) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the residual carbon source is preferably 1.500% by mass or less, more preferably 1.000% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.800% by mass or less, and the lower limit is not particularly limited as the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and is usually 0.050% by mass or more. If the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be easily reduced to 0.400% by mass or less, which can further suppress the occurrence of corrosion and improve environmental performance.

[0083] (c6) Flash point From the viewpoint of safety in handling, the flash point of the residual carbon source is preferably 50.0° C. or higher, more preferably 60.0° C. or higher, and even more preferably 70.0° C. or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 200.0° C. or lower.

[0084] (c7) Moisture content The water content of the residual carbon source is preferably 0.1% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.1% by volume. When the water content is within the above range, sludge formation and freezing can be suppressed, and the frequency of clogging can be reduced, thereby improving the room temperature oil passing performance.

[0085] (c8) Copper plate corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the residual carbon source is preferably 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the classification of copper plate in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary machinery can be prevented, thereby enabling more stable operation of various equipment such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines.

[0086] (c9) Asphaltene content From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance, the asphaltene content of the residual carbon source is preferably 0.9% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.1% by mass or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, as the smaller the better, and some may contain 0.0% by mass, but the asphaltene content is usually 0.0% by mass or more. In this specification, the asphaltene content, aromatic content (the total amount of aromatics with one ring, aromatics with two rings, and aromatics with three or more rings), saturated content, and resin content are values ​​measured by the TLC / FID method specified in IP-469 (International Standard Test Methods (IP Test Methods)).

[0087] (c 10 ) Aromatic content From the viewpoint of improving room temperature oil passing performance, the aromatic content of the residual carbon source is preferably 65.0 mass% or more, more preferably 70.0 mass% or more, and although there is no upper limit, it is usually 90.0 mass% or less.

[0088] (c 11 )Saturate content From the viewpoint of improving room temperature oil passing performance, the saturated content of the residual carbon source is preferably 35.0 mass% or less, more preferably 25.0 mass% or less, and even more preferably 20.0 mass% or less. There is no particular lower limit, and the saturated content is usually 5.0 mass% or more.

[0089] (c 12 ) Resin content From the viewpoint of improving room temperature oil passing performance, the resin content of the residual carbon source is preferably at least two times the asphaltene content and not more than the saturated content, more preferably at least three times the asphaltene content and not more than 0.9 times the saturated content, and even more preferably at least four times the asphaltene content and not more than 0.8 times the saturated content.

[0090] (Residual carbon source content) The content of the residual carbon source based on the total amount of the composition is 0.5% by volume or more and 5.0% by volume or less. If the content of the residual carbon source is less than 0.5% by volume, room temperature oil passing performance will decrease. If the content of the residual carbon source is more than 5.0% by volume, combustion performance will decrease. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance, the content of the residual carbon source based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 0.6% by volume or more, more preferably 0.8% by volume or more, with the upper limit being preferably 3.5% by volume or less, more preferably 2.5% by volume or less.

[0091] (Other diesel and kerosene fractions) In addition to the cracked diesel fraction, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment may also contain diesel fractions such as directly desulfurized diesel fraction, directly run diesel fraction, vacuum diesel fraction, desulfurized diesel fraction, and desulfurized cracked diesel fraction, as well as kerosene fractions such as directly run kerosene fraction and desulfurized kerosene fraction. Among these diesel fractions and kerosene fractions, directly desulfurized diesel fraction and directly run diesel fraction are preferred from the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and room temperature oil performance by combining them with fatty acid alkyl esters, cracked diesel fractions, and residual carbon sources. These diesel fractions and kerosene fractions may be used alone or in combination. Directly desulfurized diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by directly desulfurizing atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue in a desulfurization unit) Straight-run diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil in an atmospheric distillation unit) Vacuum diesel fraction (a diesel fraction obtained by vacuum distilling atmospheric distillation residue in a vacuum distillation unit) Desulfurized diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by desulfurizing straight-run diesel fraction and / or vacuum diesel fraction) Desulfurized cracked diesel fraction (a diesel fraction obtained by desulfurizing catalytically cracked diesel fraction obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue) Straight-run kerosene fraction (kerosene fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil in an atmospheric distillation unit) Desulfurized kerosene fraction (kerosene fraction obtained by desulfurizing straight-run kerosene fraction)

[0092] (Properties of other diesel and kerosene fractions) The other diesel fuel fractions and kerosene fractions that can be used in this embodiment preferably have the following properties: When the other diesel fuel fractions and kerosene fractions have the following properties, excellent combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance are more likely to be obtained. The kinematic viscosity at 50°C is preferably 2.900 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 3,800 mm 2 / s or more, with the upper limit preferably being 5,000 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 4.400 mm 2 / s or less. The sulfur content is preferably 1.20% by mass or less, more preferably 0.40% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.10% by mass or less. The lower the lower limit, the better, and it is usually 0.01% by mass or more. The aromatic content is preferably 20.0% by volume or more, more preferably 35.0% by volume or more, and even more preferably 40.0% by volume or more, with no particular upper limit, and is usually 65.0% by volume or less. The content of aromatic components having three or more rings is preferably 1.5% by volume or more, more preferably 1.8% by volume or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 5.0% by volume or less. The density at 15°C is preferably 0.8300 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8400 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8500 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.8900 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8800 g / cm 3 The following is the result. The flash point is preferably 60.0°C or higher, more preferably 65.0°C or higher. The residual carbon content of the 10% residual oil is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and the upper limit is preferably 0.20% by mass or less. The cetane number is preferably 30.0 or more, more preferably 35.0 or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 70.0 or less. The water content is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. The copper plate corrosion is preferably classified as 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. The acid value is preferably 0.05 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably less than 0.05 mgKOH / g. The smaller the acid value, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, with 0.0 mgKOH / g being particularly preferred. The pour point is preferably -0.0°C or lower, more preferably -2.5°C or lower, and there is no particular lower limit, but it is usually -30.0°C or higher. The nitrogen content is preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 300 ppm by mass or less, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually 50 ppm by mass or more. As for distillation properties, the 10% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 170.0°C or higher, more preferably 180.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 270.0°C or lower, more preferably 260.0°C or lower. The 50% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 250.0°C or higher, more preferably 265.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 310.0°C or lower, more preferably 300.0°C or lower. The 90% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 310.0°C or higher, more preferably 330.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 370.0°C or lower, more preferably 355.0°C or lower.

[0093] (Various additives) To the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, various additives such as antioxidants, low-temperature fluidity improvers, lubricity improvers, cetane number improvers, combustion promoters, detergents, sludge dispersants, antifungal agents, etc. may be appropriately selected and blended as needed within the range that allows the above-mentioned various properties to be maintained. Furthermore, coumarin may be blended from the viewpoint of diesel oil delivery tax.

[0094] (Application) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be used in both internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, but in consideration of its excellent combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance, it is preferably used in internal combustion engines. Furthermore, in consideration of the above-mentioned properties of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, it is particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines.

[0095] [Method for producing fuel oil composition] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be produced by mixing the above-mentioned fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked light oil fraction, and residual carbon source, and, if necessary, other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives, so that the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked light oil fraction, and residual carbon source, based on the total amount of the composition, are 15.0 vol% to 35.0 vol%, 20.0 vol% to 40.0 vol%, and 0.5 vol% to 5.0 vol%, respectively.

[0096] There are no particular restrictions on the order in which the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked light oil fraction, and residual carbon source, and, if necessary, other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives are mixed. For example, the fatty acid alkyl ester may be mixed with the cracked light oil fraction, residual carbon source, and further with the other light oil fractions and various additives in sequence; the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked light oil fraction, residual carbon source, and, if necessary, the other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives may be mixed simultaneously (lump-mixing); the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked light oil fraction, and residual carbon source may be mixed in advance, and then the other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives may be mixed in, if necessary; or the fatty acid alkyl ester and cracked light oil fraction may be mixed in advance, and then the residual carbon source may be mixed, and then the other light oil fractions, kerosene fractions, and various additives may be mixed in, if necessary. [Example]

[0097] Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The properties of each substrate were determined according to the following methods as described above.

[0098] [Measurement of properties and composition] The properties and compositions of the fatty acid alkyl esters, cracked diesel fractions, residual carbon sources (atmospheric residual oil and extract), directly desulfurized diesel fractions, and various base stocks of straight-run diesel fractions used in the Examples and Comparative Examples, as well as the properties and compositions of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples, were measured by the following methods. The properties and compositions of the fatty acid alkyl esters are shown in Table 1, and the properties and compositions of the other base stocks are shown in Table 2. The properties and compositions of the fuel oil compositions are shown in Table 3. (1) (a4) (b5) (c3) Density at 15°C: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2249-1:2011 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of density - Part 1: Vibration method). (2) (a5) (b1) (c4) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2283:2000 (Testing method for kinematic viscosity of crude oil and petroleum products). (3) (a6) (b2) (c5) Sulfur content: The sulfur content of the fuel oil composition, cracked diesel fraction, carbon residue, directly desulfurized diesel fraction, and directly run diesel fraction is measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-4:2003 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 4: Radioactive excitation method), and the sulfur content of fatty acid alkyl esters is measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-6:2013 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 6: Ultraviolet fluorescence method). (4) (b3) (b4) Aromatic content (single-ring aromatics, two-ring aromatics, and three or more ring aromatics): Measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography as specified in JPI-5S-49-2007, Petroleum Products - Hydrocarbon Type Testing Method. (5)(a3)(b7)(c2) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil: This value is measured in accordance with JIS K 2270-2:2009 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Part 2: Micro method) using 10% residual oil prepared in accordance with Appendix A. (6) (a7) (b6) (c6) Flash point: The flash points of the fuel oil composition, cracked diesel fraction, directly decomposed diesel fraction, directly run diesel fraction, atmospheric distillation residue oil and extract were measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-3:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Flash point test - Part 3: Pensky-Martens closed-cell method), and the flash point of the fatty acid alkyl ester was measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-2:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Flash point test - Part 2: Rapid equilibrium closed-cell method). (7) (a1) (b8) Cetane number: A value measured in accordance with JIS K 2280-4:2013 (Petroleum products - Determination of octane number, cetane number and cetane index - Part 4: Cetane number). (8) (a8) (b9) (c7) Water content: The water contents of the fuel oil composition, cracked diesel fraction, directly decomposed diesel fraction, directly run diesel fraction, atmospheric distillation residue and extract were measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-1:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of water content - Part 1: Distillation method), and the water content of the fatty acid alkyl esters was measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-3:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of water content - Part 3: Karl Fischer coulometric titration method). (9)(a9)(b 10 (c8) Copper plate corrosion: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2513:2000 (Petroleum products - Copper plate corrosion test method). The test temperature was 50°C and the test time was 3 hours. (10)(a2)(b 11 ) Acid value: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2501:2003 (Petroleum products and lubricating oils - Neutralization number test method). (11)(a 10 )(b 12 ) Pour point: Measured in accordance with JIS K2269:1987 (Test method for pour point and cloud point of crude oil and petroleum products). ·(12)(b 13) Nitrogen content: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2609:1998 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Nitrogen content test method). (a 11 ) Composition analysis of fatty acid alkyl esters: Measured by gas chromatography analysis using a flame ionization detector (FID) in accordance with "2.4.21.3-77 Fatty acid composition (FID temperature-programmed gas chromatography method)" of the Standard Methods for Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials (established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society in 1993). ·(b 14 ) Distillation properties (10% by volume distillation temperature, 50% by volume distillation temperature, and 90% by volume distillation temperature): Measured in accordance with JIS K2254:2018 (Petroleum products - Determination of distillation properties - (atmospheric pressure method)). ·(c9)~(c 12 ) The asphaltene content, aromatic content (the total amount of aromatics with one ring, aromatics with two rings, and aromatics with three or more rings), saturated content, and resin content of the residual carbon source are values ​​measured by the TLC / FID method specified in IP-469 (International Standard Test Methods (IP Test Methods)).

[0099] (c1) Slope of filtration time Three graduated test tubes used in "JIS K2601:1998 - Crude Oil Test Methods - 14. Water Dilution Test Method 14.2 Water Dilution Tester" (hereinafter referred to as the water dilution tester) were filled with the sample up to the 100 mL mark. Then, using the centrifuge used in the water dilution tester, the sample was centrifuged for 55 minutes at a relative centrifugal force of 600. The temperature conditions during centrifugation were 70.0°C for atmospheric distillation residue oil and 25.0°C for extract (the kinematic viscosity of the atmospheric distillation residue oil and extract to be measured was 40 to 100 mm). 2 The temperature of the sample was adjusted so that the temperature was 1 / s. Next, three 50 mL beakers were prepared, and the top 50 mL of the samples from the three centrifuged graduated test tubes was dispensed into each 50 mL beaker. The beakers after dispensing were weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg, and the weighed mass was designated as M1 (g). The dispensed samples were then heated in a thermostatic bath for 15 minutes. The temperature conditions in the thermostatic bath were adjusted to 100.0±1°C for atmospheric distillation residue and 50.0±1°C for extract (the kinematic viscosity of the atmospheric distillation residue and extract to be measured was 15 to 30 mm). 2 The temperature of the sample was adjusted so that the temperature was 1 / s.

[0100] A filter paper (Whatman No. 4 (55 mmφ)) with pores of 20 to 25 μm was placed in the filtration apparatus (hereinafter referred to as the filtration apparatus) specified in the actual sediment test method of JPI-5S-60-2000. The filter paper was pre-dried in a dryer at 110°C for 20 minutes. An upper funnel was then placed on top of it and fixed to prevent the sample from leaking in. At this time, a packing with a 28 mm diameter hole was placed on top to adjust the diameter of the filtration surface to 28 mm. A vacuum pump capable of suction at an exhaust speed of 12 L / min was then attached to the other end of the vacuum bottle. The upper funnel was also heated in the same way as the sample. That is, it was heated to 100.0±1°C for atmospheric distillation residue and 50.0±1°C for extract (the kinematic viscosity of the atmospheric distillation residue and extract to be measured was 15 to 30 mm). 2 The temperature of the sample was adjusted so that the temperature was 1 / s.

[0101] Next, the first heated sample was poured into the center of the filter paper, taking care not to let the sample touch the inner wall of the funnel. One minute after pouring the filter paper, the vacuum pump was started and filtration began. The time required from the start of filtration until the sample was filtered and the entire filter paper was exposed (only the filtering surface with an inner diameter of 28 mm was required) was measured, and the measured time required for filtration was defined as t (seconds). The beaker was also weighed after use, and the weighed mass was defined as M2 (g).

[0102] Next, after stopping the vacuum pump, step D was repeated for the second and third samples. During this time, no actions that would change the measurement conditions, such as removing the tester or cleaning the equipment, were performed. Furthermore, if the sample could no longer be filtered due to clogging of the filter paper, the filtration process was terminated and the next process was carried out. Specifically, if filtration was not completed within 6 minutes of starting, the filtration process was terminated. If the filter paper was clogged, the remaining sample was dissolved in toluene and removed with a pipette. Then, after washing the funnel and filter paper with n-heptane, the upper funnel was removed and the edge of the filter paper was checked. If the color reached the edge of the filter paper, the sample had leaked, so the test was repeated.

[0103] The filtration time per unit volume of the fuel oil composition for internal combustion engines for each measurement was calculated using the following formula (1). T n =t n / (M / d) (1) In the above formula (1), n ​​is the number of measurements, which is 3. n is the filtration time per unit volume of the fuel oil composition for internal combustion engines (seconds / cm), calculated from the time required for filtration in the nth measurement. 3 ), t n is the time (seconds) required for the n-th measurement of filtration, M is the mass (M1-M2) (g) of the filtered internal combustion engine fuel oil composition, and d is the density (g / cm 3 ) Note that when filtration was not possible due to clogging of the filter paper, it was marked as "calculation not possible." Then, the filtration time per unit volume of the internal combustion engine fuel oil composition was plotted on the vertical axis against the number of measurements of the time required for filtration on the horizontal axis, and the slope of the approximation line was calculated by the least squares method from the points, and the slope of the filtration time was calculated.

[0104] [Performance evaluation criteria] The following performance ratings 1 to 3 were evaluated, and the worst rating was used as the overall rating. A rating of C indicates failure. The ratings for each performance are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0105] 1. Combustion performance The increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples relative to the cetane number of the Reference Example was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: Increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) is 3.0 or more B: Increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) is 2.0 or more and less than 3.0 C: Increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) is less than 2.0

[0106] 2.Normal temperature oil passing performance An 18 L can (made of tinplate) was provided with an open section (φ32.5 mm) at the top to allow air circulation, and 3 L of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples was placed in the container and stored in a dark place at room temperature for 90 days (temperature was not adjusted by air conditioning, and the room temperature during the period was 12.0 to 26.0°C). After storage, the fuel oil compositions were subjected to an oil permeability test using the oil permeability tester described in JP 2007-197512 A. The amount of oil that passed through the fuel oil composition in 10 minutes was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: The amount of oil passing through is 2.20L or more B: The amount of oil passing is 1.50L or more and less than 2.20L C: The amount of oil passing through is less than 1.50L

[0107] [Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 10 and Reference Example] Various base materials having the properties and compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were mixed in the proportions shown in Tables 3 and 4 to prepare the fuel oil compositions of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 10, and Reference Example. The combustion performance and room temperature oil passing performance of each of the resulting fuel oil compositions were evaluated according to the methods described above, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0108] [Table 1] *1. Base material 1 (fatty acid alkyl ester 1) and base material 2 (fatty acid alkyl ester 2) are both fatty acid methyl esters obtained using waste cooking oil, including rapeseed oil.

[0109] [Table 2]

[0110] [Table 3]

[0111] [Table 4]

[0112] [Performance evaluation results] As shown in Table 3, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment was evaluated to have good combustion performance and room-temperature oil passing performance, and was confirmed to be suitable for use in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, and particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines. Furthermore, although not specifically evaluated, the sulfur content was low at 0.400% by mass or less, and the pour point was low at -5.0°C or less, confirming that the fuel oil composition of this embodiment also has excellent environmental performance and low-temperature flow performance. Therefore, it was confirmed that the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is sufficiently suitable for use in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines.

[0113] On the other hand, the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 1, which contains specific fatty acid alkyl ester 1 but with a low content, is inferior in combustion performance, while the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 2, which contains a high content, is inferior in room temperature passability. It was confirmed that the fuel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, which do not contain specific fatty acid alkyl ester 1 but contain fatty acid alkyl ester 2 with a low carbon residue content in 10% residual oil, all have poor room temperature passability. It was confirmed that the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 3, which contains a low content of cracked light oil fraction, is inferior in room temperature passability, while the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 4, which contains a high content, is inferior in combustion performance. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the fuel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 8 to 10, which contained a residual carbon source with a large filtration time slope exceeding 0.15, were all inferior in room temperature oil passing performance. [Industrial Applicability]

[0114] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment is a fuel oil composition that contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thus has excellent combustion performance and also room temperature oil passing performance, and can be suitably used in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, particularly in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines. Furthermore, in internal combustion engines that have a fuel oil filter, such as marine diesel engines, the frequency of clogging of the fuel oil filter can be reduced, thereby reducing the frequency of cleaning and enabling stable operation.

Claims

1. The following (a １ ) to (a ３ ) and the following (b １ ) to (b ４ ) and the following (c １ ) to (c ２ and a residual carbon source that satisfies all of the following (1) to (5): the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is from 15.0 to 35.0 vol% based on the total amount of the composition, the content of the cracked light oil fraction is from 20.0 to 40.0 vol% based on the total amount of the composition, and the content of the residual carbon source is from 0.5 to 5.0 vol% based on the total amount of the composition, (a １ ) Cetane number is 49.0 or higher (a ２ ) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a ３ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (b １ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 1.700 mm ２ / s or more 3.600mm ２ / s or less (b) ２ ) Sulfur content is less than 0.40% by mass (b ３ ) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b ４ ) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more (c １ ) The slope of the filtration time is 0.15 or less (c ２ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 5.0% by mass or more (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm ３ More than 0.8800g / cm ３ below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 2.000 mm ２ / s or more 4.500mm ２ / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 3.0% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.

2. 2. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is a fatty acid methyl ester.

3. 3. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is a mixed fatty acid containing two or more fatty acids each having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

4. 4. The fuel oil composition according to claim 3, wherein the mixed fatty acid is obtained from at least one raw material selected from animal oils and vegetable oils.

5. 5. The fuel oil composition according to claim 4, wherein the raw material is waste cooking oil.

6. 3. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the residual carbon source is at least one selected from the group consisting of C heavy oil, atmospheric distillation residue, vacuum distillation residue, directly decomposed heavy oil, cracked heavy oil, and extract.

7. 7. The fuel oil composition according to claim 6, wherein the residual carbon source is an extract.

8. 3. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, which is used in an internal combustion engine.

9. It is an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, １ ) to (a ３ ) and the following (b １ ) to (b ４ ) and the following (c １ ) to (c ２ and a residual carbon source that satisfies all of the following conditions (1) to (5): (a １ ) Cetane number is 49.0 or higher (a ２ ) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a ３ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (b １ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 1.700 mm ２ / s or more 3.600mm ２ / s or less (b) ２ ) Sulfur content is less than 0.40% by mass (b ３ ) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b ４ ) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more (c １ ) The slope of the filtration time is 0.15 or less (c ２ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 5.0% by mass or more (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm ３ More than 0.8800g / cm ３ below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 2.000 mm ２ / s or more 4.500mm ２ / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 3.0% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.

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