Tsunami shelter

Abstract

To provide a tsunami shelter capable of surely evacuating and protecting evacuees from a tsunami accompanying the occurrence of an earthquake.SOLUTION: The tsunami shelter is constituted by forming a coating layer of a polyurea resin on the whole surface of a shelter base body made of a styrene foam resin formed in a box-shaped body having a predetermined depth with an opened upper surface. According to such a configuration, since the tsunami shelter having the coating layer of the polyurea resin has high impact resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance, for example, even if the tsunami shelter is swept away by the tsunami and collides with floating objects such as driftwood, the tsunami shelter is hardly damaged, destroyed, deformed, or the like by the floating objects, and the form of the tsunami shelter is maintained. Since the shelter base body is made of the styrene foam resin, the tsunami shelter is extremely lightweight, has high buoyancy performance, and is kept in a floating state even if it is swept away and shaken by the tsunami. These synergistic effects ensure the safety of the evacuees who have boarded the tsunami shelter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter for evacuating people when a tsunami caused by an earthquake occurs. [Background technology]

[0002] Various types of tsunami shelters have been proposed so far, but they can be categorized in terms of their functions as follows: For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, there is a ground-fixed tsunami shelter that is composed of a structure fixed to the ground, and when a tsunami occurs, evacuates are accommodated in this tsunami shelter and are protected against the flow of the tsunami. For example, as shown in Patent Document 2, they can be broadly classified into floating tsunami shelters, which are detached from the ground and installed on land or sea, and which, in the event of a tsunami, can accommodate and evacuate a large number of evacuees inside, and which float on the sea with the current of the tsunami to protect the evacuees. [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-43746 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-209871

[0004] Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Here, we consider the disaster prevention requirements for tsunamis caused by earthquakes and the characteristics that tsunami shelters should have.

[0006] (1) Disaster prevention requirements (a) Time of occurrence of the earthquake Earthquakes and the resulting tsunamis can occur at any time of the day, at night or during the day, during working hours or off-hours. In other words, it is unclear whether the current situation will allow evacuees to take immediate action to evacuate.

[0007] (b) Tsunami arrival time The time it takes for a tsunami to reach the coast after an earthquake is faster than you might imagine. For example, in the case of a Nankai Trough earthquake, which is expected to occur in the near future, the time it takes for a tsunami to reach the coast in areas close to the epicenter is estimated to be 2 minutes in Shizuoka Prefecture, 3 minutes in Wakayama Prefecture, 4 minutes in Mie Prefecture, 5 minutes in Kochi Prefecture, and 7 minutes in Tokushima Prefecture. Even in areas far from the epicenter, the tsunami is predicted to arrive in roughly 10 to 15 minutes. This means that in many cases, there will not be enough time to take evacuation action to save lives after a tsunami occurs.

[0008] (2) Requirements that earthquake shelters must meet The requirements that an earthquake shelter must meet are that it must be able to allow evacuees to reach the tsunami shelter as quickly as possible after an earthquake occurs, and to take refuge there. For example, (i) The tsunami shelter must be located near evacuees at all times, and must meet the geographical requirements for allowing evacuees to evacuate to the tsunami shelter in an extremely short time when a tsunami occurs. (b) The tsunami shelter is lightweight and can be easily and conveniently set up in an evacuation shelter from its storage location by a small number of people (for example, one or two people) in the event of a tsunami. (c) The safe and easy accommodation of evacuees in tsunami shelters; (d) The safety of victims is fully ensured after they have evacuated to tsunami shelters. etc.

[0009] (3) Adaptability as a tsunami shelter as shown in the above-mentioned patent documents The tsunami shelter described in Patent Document 1 is a fixed-type tsunami shelter, and there is no problem if the location of the evacuees and the tsunami shelter are very close, but in reality, the location of the evacuees and the tsunami shelter are often far apart, and in order to use the tsunami shelter, evacuees must travel from their current location to the tsunami shelter's location, which means that they may not be able to reach the tsunami shelter in time for the tsunami to arrive. This can also happen if the tsunami occurs during a time when people are inactive, such as while they are sleeping, or during working hours when it is difficult to immediately stop work.

[0010] (2) The tsunami shelter described in Patent Document 2 is a floating tsunami shelter, a large shelter that can accommodate many people. However, because of its large size, it is generally difficult to moor it near tsunami shelter evacuees under normal circumstances, and it is therefore moored at facilities such as ports. As a result, if the location of the evacuees is far from the mooring location, the same problems as in (1) above are of concern. Furthermore, if the tsunami shelter is large, it will take time for many victims to be accommodated in the tsunami shelter, and as a result, there is a worst-case scenario in which it is not possible to accommodate all evacuees in the tsunami shelter by the time the tsunami arrives.

[0011] For the reasons stated above, it cannot be said that either the land-fixed tsunami shelter described in Patent Document 1 or the floating tsunami shelter described in Patent Document 2 can fully achieve the original function of a tsunami shelter, which is to reliably move evacuees into the tsunami shelter before the tsunami caused by an earthquake arrives, and then house them there to protect them from the damage caused by the tsunami.

[0012] Therefore, the present invention has been made with the object of providing a tsunami shelter that can reliably protect evacuees from tsunamis caused by earthquakes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] Original wish First InventionThe tsunami shelter according to the present invention is a rectangular structure having a predetermined depth and an open top surface. In the shape A polyurea resin coating layer is formed on the entire surface of the shelter base made of expanded polystyrene resin. At the same time, The inside of the shelter base is At each of the four corners, the adjacent A pair of side walls and a bottom wall Jointed and fixed Box-shaped A main body and a seat plate attached to the upper surface of the main body. It is characterized by the provision of an attached body with a storage room inside.

[0014] Original wish Second Invention In the tsunami shelters related to First Invention The tsunami shelter according to the present invention is characterized in that a resin coating layer made of polyurethane resin is formed on the entire surface of the attachment body and the entire surface of the seat plate.

[0015] Original wish The third invention In the tsunami shelters related to First Invention In the tsunami shelter related to The shelter base is characterized in that a plurality of through holes are provided in the side walls of the shelter base near the upper surface thereof, penetrating the side walls in the inward and outward directions. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] (a) The present application First Invention According to the tsunami shelter, a rectangular shape having a predetermined depth and an open top is provided. In the shape The shelter is made of expanded polystyrene resin and has a coating layer of polyurethane resin formed on the entire surface of the base. (a-i) The tsunami shelter is constructed by forming a coating layer of polyurethane resin over the entire surface of the shelter base, and it is a widely known fact from the results of various JIS performance tests that this polyurethane resin coating layer has extremely high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, and high waterproofing. Therefore, a tsunami shelter with a coating layer of polyurethane resin has high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance, and even if the tsunami shelter is swept away by a tsunami and collides with floating objects such as driftwood, it will hardly be damaged, destroyed, deformed, etc., and the shape of the tsunami shelter will be maintained, ensuring the safety of evacuees aboard the tsunami shelter. (a-b) Because the shelter base that constitutes the tsunami shelter is made of polystyrene foam resin, the tsunami shelter is extremely lightweight. As a result, the tsunami shelter has high buoyancy performance and remains floating even when swept away by a tsunami or shaken, ensuring the safety of evacuees aboard the tsunami shelter. (a-c) The coating layer of the polyurethane resin maintains the waterproofing of the shelter base, i.e., the waterproofing of the tsunami shelter, and even if the tsunami shelter floats on the sea for a long time, its buoyancy performance is not impaired, ensuring the safety of evacuees who take refuge in the tsunami shelter. (a-d) Because the tsunami shelter is extremely lightweight, for example, the tsunami shelter can be installed near evacuees during normal times, but when a tsunami occurs, the tsunami shelter can be transported from the installation location to a pre-determined waiting area and installed there. Therefore, compared to a case where the evacuees' residence or daily living location is far from the location of an evacuation tower prepared in advance by a government agency, and they have to travel a long way to the evacuation tower and evacuate to it when a tsunami occurs, the time from starting evacuation to completing evacuation is significantly shorter, and evacuees can reliably evacuate to a tsunami shelter even when the tsunami arrival time is short, within 10 minutes. The above extremely useful effects can be achieved.

[0017] Furthermore, in the tsunami shelter according to the first invention, The shelter base is provided on the inside of the shelter base. At each of the four corners, the adjacent A pair of side walls and a bottom wall Jointed and fixed Box-shaped A main body and a seat plate attached to the upper surface of the main body. An attached structure with a storage room inside is provided. So, (a-ho) Evacuees who take refuge in the tsunami shelter can maintain a comfortable and stable posture for a long time by sitting on the seat of the attached body, which helps them maintain their physical strength even if they have to remain in evacuation shelter for a long time, increasing the chances of being rescued. (a-he) By seating evacuees on the attached structures, their posture is stabilized, and even if the tsunami shelter is shaken or hit while floating, evacuees are prevented from being thrown out of the shelter, ensuring safety during evacuation. (a-to) The interior of the attached structure is a storage room, so if emergency supplies such as water and food are stored there, the health of evacuees can be maintained by using the supplies appropriately even if they remain afloat for a long time due to a tsunami, and the evacuees' protection performance will be improved. The above extremely useful effects are achieved.

[0018] (b) Original wish Second Invention In the tsunami shelters related to First Invention In the tsunami shelter described above, a resin coating layer made of polyurethane resin is formed on the entire surface of the attachment body and the surface of the seat plate, thereby improving the strength performance of the attachment body and the reliability of the tsunami shelter in use. (c) Original wish The third invention In the tsunami shelters related to First Invention In the tsunami shelter described above, a plurality of through holes are provided near the upper surface of the side wall of the shelter base, penetrating the side wall in an inward and outward direction. For example, these through holes can be used as hanging points for a lifting device such as a crane, making it easy to change the posture and installation position of the tsunami shelter. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of the shelter base that constitutes the tsunami shelter of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is an overall perspective view of a tsunami shelter in which a coating layer of polyurethane resin is formed on the entire outer surface of the shelter base. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] A tsunami shelter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS.

[0021] The tsunami shelter 1 according to the present invention is constructed by forming a coating layer 3 of a polyurethane resin on the entire surface of the shelter base 2 shown in FIG. 1 (see FIG. 3).

[0022] "Configuration of Shelter Base 2" The shelter base 2 is made of expanded polystyrene resin and is formed into a box-like shape with a predetermined depth and an open top. Specifically, it has a bottom wall 21 made of a rectangular expanded polystyrene resin plate material with a thickness of about 150 mm, and four side walls 22 made of expanded polystyrene resin plate material with a thickness of about 100 mm.

[0023] The side walls 22 are then arranged upright on the four sides of the bottom wall 21 so as to surround the bottom wall 21, and the bottom wall 21 and the four side walls 22 are bonded together to form an integrated unit. In this integrated state, a rectangular recess 23 with an open top, measuring, for example, approximately 1,700 mm in length and width and 770 mm in depth, is formed inside each side wall 22. This rectangular recess 23 functions as an evacuation waiting space 7 in the tsunami shelter 1, which will be described later.

[0024] In addition, the upper surface of the shelter base 2 (i.e., the upper end surfaces of the side walls 22) has both inner and outer edges chamfered (see Figure 3). Due to this chamfering, there are no sharp edges on the upper surface 2a of the shelter base 2, and as will be described later, when evacuees climb over the side walls 22 to enter or exit the rectangular recess 23 (i.e., the evacuation waiting space 7), they can do so safely and easily.

[0025] Furthermore, a plurality of through-holes 4 (three in each side wall 22 in this embodiment) with an inner diameter of approximately 50 to 60 mm are formed at an appropriate pitch near the upper portion of each side wall 22, penetrating the side wall 22 in an inward-outward direction. These through-holes 4 are used, for example, as hanging portions for crane hoisting devices 6, as shown in FIG. 3, or as attachment portions for holding ropes 5. In particular, by connecting the holding ropes 5 passed through the respective through-holes 4, the holding ropes 5 can be stretched around the periphery of the rectangular recess 23. For example, by a refugee who has taken refuge in the rectangular recess 23 grasping the holding ropes 5, the refugees can be protected from the shaking of the tsunami shelter 1 or from impacts when the tsunami shelter 1 comes into contact with floating objects.

[0026] Meanwhile, attachments 8 are provided at the four corners of the shelter base 2 near the bottom wall 21. These attachments 8 function as seats or as storage for supplies 9 such as water, and include a main body 8a made of expanded polystyrene resin that is joined and fixed across the pair of left and right side walls 22 and the bottom wall 21 so as to close the corners, and a seat board 8b that is also made of expanded polystyrene resin and connected to the main body 8a via hinges (not shown) so as to be able to open and close.

[0027] By setting the seat plate 8b in the closed position, the attachment 8 can be used as a chair, as shown in Figure 3, and the evacuee 10 can sit on it and rest their back against the left and right walls to stabilize their posture, preventing the evacuee 10 from being thrown out of the tsunami shelter, ensuring safety during evacuation, even if the tsunami shelter 1 shakes or receives an impact while floating.In addition, as shown in Figure 3, the evacuee 10 can also wait by sitting directly on the bottom wall 21 without sitting on the attachment 8.

[0028] Furthermore, the interior of the attachment 8 is a storage room 8c, and by opening the seat plate 8b, emergency supplies 9 such as water and food can be stored and kept in the storage room 8c. By storing emergency supplies 9 in the storage room 8c in this way, the health of evacuees can be maintained by using the emergency supplies 9 as needed, even if they remain afloat for a long time due to a tsunami.

[0029] "Construction of Tsunami Shelter 1" As shown in Figure 2, the shelter base 2 constructed as described above has a polyurethane resin coating layer formed on its entire surface, including the attachments 8 and through-holes 4. It is a widely known fact based on the results of various JIS performance tests that this polyurethane resin coating surface layer 3 has extremely high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, and high waterproofing properties. Therefore, a tsunami shelter 1 having this polyurethane resin coating layer 3 has high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance, and is almost never damaged, destroyed, or deformed even if it is swept away by a tsunami and collides with floating objects such as driftwood, and the shape of the tsunami shelter 1 is maintained, ensuring the safety of evacuees aboard the tsunami shelter 1.

[0030] In this case, the coating layer 3 is colored orange because it is the color that is easiest to see on the deep blue sea, and in fact, the life buoys and life jackets of the Japan Coast Guard are also colored orange. As a result, for example, if the tsunami shelter 1 is swept away by a tsunami and floats offshore, it will be easily found by a searching aircraft, leading to early rescue.

[0031] Furthermore, since the shelter base 2 that constitutes the tsunami shelter 1 is made of expanded polystyrene resin, the tsunami shelter 1 is extremely lightweight. As a result, the tsunami shelter 1 has high buoyancy performance and remains floating even when swept away by a tsunami or shaken, ensuring the safety of evacuees aboard the tsunami shelter 1.

[0032] Furthermore, the waterproofing of the shelter base 2, i.e., the waterproofing of the tsunami shelter 1, is maintained by the coating layer 3 of the polyurethane resin, and even if the tsunami shelter 1 floats on the sea for a long time, its buoyancy performance is not impaired, and the safety of evacuees who take refuge in the tsunami shelter 1 is guaranteed.

[0033] Because the tsunami shelter 1 is extremely lightweight, for example, the tsunami shelter 1 can be temporarily stored near the evacuees 10 during normal times, and when a tsunami occurs, the tsunami shelter 1 can be carried from the temporary storage location to a predetermined standby location and set up there. For this reason, compared to a case where, for example, the residence or daily living location of the evacuees 10 is far away from the location of an evacuation tower prepared in advance by a government agency, and the evacuees 10 have to travel a long way to the evacuation tower and evacuate to it when a tsunami occurs, the time from the start to the completion of evacuation is significantly shorter, and the evacuees 10 can reliably evacuate to the tsunami shelter 1 even when the tsunami arrival time is short, within 10 minutes.

[0034] "others" In this patent application, the invention is called a "Tsunami Shelter," but this does not mean that it can only be used to deal with tsunami disasters; rather, it is tailored to its typical uses, and it can also be used without any problems as a shelter for river flood disasters, for example. [Industrial Applicability]

[0035] The tsunami shelter according to the present invention can be widely used in the disaster prevention industry. [Explanation of symbols]

[0036] 1. Tsunami Shelter 2. Shelter base 3 Coating layer 4 Through holes 5. Gripping rope 6. Lifting equipment 7. Evacuation waiting space 8. Attachment 9 ·Stock stock 10 · evacuee 21 Bottom wall 22 · Side wall 23 Rectangular recess

Claims

1. A tsunami shelter characterized by being constructed by forming a coating layer of polyurethane resin over the entire surface of a shelter base made of expanded polystyrene resin, which is formed into a rectangular shape of a predetermined depth with an open top.

2. In claim 1, A tsunami shelter characterized in that an attachment body having a box-like shape spanning the bottom wall and side wall of the shelter base and having a storage chamber inside is integrally provided with the shelter base, and a seat plate is provided on the upper surface of the attachment body.

3. In claim 2, A tsunami shelter characterized in that a resin coating layer made of polyurethane resin is formed on the surface of the attached portion and the entire surface of the seat plate.

4. In claim 1, A tsunami shelter characterized in that a plurality of through holes are provided near the upper surface of the side wall of the shelter base, penetrating the side wall in an inward and outward direction.

5. In claim 1, A tsunami shelter characterized in that both the inner and outer edges of the upper end of the shelter base are chamfered.

6. In claim 1, A tsunami shelter characterized in that the coating layer provided over the entire surface of the shelter base is colored orange.

7. In claim 1, A tsunami shelter characterized in that a location information transmitter that constitutes a GPS centralization system is buried and arranged within the side wall of the shelter base.

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