Pillar structure

Abstract

To provide a column structure capable of suppressing damage when receiving a horizontal load.SOLUTION: A column structure includes a column body supporting a load in a vertical direction, and a side plate attached to at least a part of a side surface of the column body and divided into two or more divided plates in a vertical direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a pillar structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, structures have been proposed for building column structures that combine RC (Reinforced Concrete) with wood materials, aiming to expand the use of wood materials, which are a resource-recycling material. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a wood-coated RC member in which a wood surface material is attached to the surface of a reinforced concrete member that has been constructed or manufactured in advance, covering the RC member.

[0003] Patent document 2 also describes a surface wooden pillar that includes a hollow pillar with a square cross section, which has a hollow space with a square cross section formed by joining the long edge sides of three or more long rectangular wooden boards, and a filler (reinforced concrete) that is provided in the hollow space of the hollow pillar and is integrated with the hollow pillar. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-104656 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2021-67026 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, if a horizontal load (lateral force) due to an earthquake or other event acts on a building and causes the column structure to deform, the wooden material placed on the surface of the column structure may be severely damaged if it is subjected to the horizontal load.

[0006] The present disclosure aims to provide a column structure that is less susceptible to damage when subjected to horizontal loads. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A first aspect of the technology of the present disclosure is a column structure having a column body that supports vertical loads and a side panel that is attached to at least a portion of the side surface of the column body and is divided into two or more separate panels in the vertical direction.

[0008] A second aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a column structure of the first aspect, in which the side panels are divided into a central panel located in the center in the vertical direction, an upper panel above the central panel and in contact with the upper edge of the central panel, and a lower panel below the central panel and in contact with the lower edge of the central panel.

[0009] A third aspect of the technique of the present disclosure is the column structure of the first or second aspect, wherein the side plates are arranged on at least two surfaces of the column body.

[0010] A fourth aspect of the technique of the present disclosure is the column structure of the third aspect, wherein the side plates are arranged to surround the column body when viewed in a horizontal cross section of the column body.

[0011] A fifth aspect of the technique of the present disclosure is the column structure of any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the side plate is in close contact with the side surface of the column body.

[0012] A sixth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a column structure of the second aspect, in which the upper plate is in contact with an upper structure located above the column body, and the lower plate is in contact with a lower structure located below the column body.

[0013] A seventh aspect of the technology of the present disclosure is a column structure of the second aspect, wherein the center plate and the upper plate, and the center plate and the lower plate are in linear contact when viewed in the normal direction of the center plate.

[0014] An eighth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a column structure of the second aspect, in which the central plate and the upper plate, and the central plate and the lower plate, are in contact with each other in a convex or concave shape relative to the center of the central plate when viewed in the normal direction of the central plate.

[0015] A ninth aspect of the technique of the present disclosure is the pillar structure of any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein each of the divided plates has the same height dimension. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present disclosure, a column structure is obtained that is less susceptible to damage when subjected to horizontal loads. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view showing the column structure of the first embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the pillar structure of the first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the column structure of the first embodiment in a horizontal cross section. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the column structure of the first embodiment, exploded in a horizontal cross section. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a front view showing the column structure of the first comparative example together with a part of a building. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the curvature distribution when a horizontal load acts on a column structure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the bending moment distribution when a horizontal load acts on a column structure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the column deformation angle and shear force of a column structure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the pillar structure of the first embodiment used in the structural experiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a pillar structure of a second comparative example used in the structural experiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a compressive axial force is applied to a column structure. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a tensile axial force is applied to a column structure. [Figure 13]FIG. 13 is a front view showing the column structure of the second embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a front view showing the column structure of the third embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a front view showing the column structure of the fourth embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a front view showing the column structure of the fifth embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a front view showing the column structure of the sixth embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a front view showing the column structure of the seventh embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a front view showing the column structure of the eighth embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a front view showing the column structure of the ninth embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a front view showing the column structure of the tenth embodiment together with a part of a building. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a horizontal cross section of the pillar structure of the first modified example. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a horizontal cross section of the pillar structure of the second modified example. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a horizontal cross section of a pillar structure of the third modified example. [Figure 25] FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a pillar structure of the fourth modified example. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 is a front view showing a pillar structure of the fourth modified example. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a perspective view showing a pillar structure of the fifth modified example. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 is a front view showing a pillar structure of the sixth modified example. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a front view showing a pillar structure of the sixth modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments of the technology of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0019] Fig. 1 shows a column structure 102 of the first embodiment together with a part of a building 22. Figs. 2 and 3 also show the column structure 102 of the first embodiment.

[0020] The column structure 102 is disposed, for example, between an upper structure 24 located above it and a lower structure 26 located below it. The upper structure 24 and the lower structure 26 form part of the building 22. The column main body 104 is integrally joined to a beam 34 (ceiling beam) of the upper structure 24 and a beam 36 (floor beam) of the lower structure 26. As a result, the column main body 104 is located on the lower structure 26 and supports the vertical load from the upper structure 24.

[0021] In the example shown in FIG. 2 , the beams 34, 36 have joints 38 that are joined to the column main body 104. The joints 38 are formed in the shape of a square block when viewed from above. The length L2 of one side of the joints 36 is longer than the width W1 of the beams 34, 36. As will be described later, the length L2 of one side of the joints 36 is approximately the same as the width W2 of the side panel 112. This achieves a structure in which the upper edge 112A of the side panel 112 contacts the joint 38 above it, and the lower edge 112B of the side panel 112 contacts the joint 38 below it. In this example, the joint 38 that the upper edge 112A of the side panel 112 contacts is the upper structure 24, and the joint 38 that the lower edge 112B of the side panel 112 contacts is the lower structure 26.

[0022] The column structure 102 has a column body 104 and a side plate 112. The column structure 102 is made of, for example, reinforced concrete.

[0023] As shown in Fig. 2, the pillar body 104 has the shape of a quadrangular pillar in this embodiment. That is, as shown in Fig. 3, the horizontal cross section of the pillar body 104 is rectangular. This "rectangle" also includes a "square." In particular, in the example shown in Fig. 3, the horizontal cross section of the pillar body 104 is a square. In the following, the length of one side of the horizontal cross section of the pillar body 104, that is, the length of the component, is defined as L.

[0024] In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, reinforcing bars 108 are embedded in concrete 106 as reinforcing materials in the column body 104. The reinforcing bars 108 increase the tensile strength, compressive strength, and bending strength of the column body 104. In particular, the tensile strength of concrete 106 is generally low compared to its compressive strength, but the reinforcing bars 108 increase the tensile strength.

[0025] The side plates 112 are arranged on each of the four side surfaces 104S of the pillar main body 104. Each of the side plates 112 is in close surface contact with the corresponding side surface 104S. The four side plates 112 may be joined together using, for example, wood screws 40 or an adhesive (a urethane adhesive is one example).

[0026] The side plates 112 are placed on the side surfaces 104S of the pillar members 104 formed of concrete in a post-process. However, this is not limitative, and for example, the pillar members 104 may be formed by forming a form using four side plates 112 and pouring cement and aggregate into this form.

[0027] The four side panels 112 as a whole surround the periphery of the column main body 104. In this way, the side panels 112 surround the column main body 104, thereby restraining and reinforcing it. It can also be said that the four side panels 112 are wrapped around the periphery of the column main body 104. The side panels 112 are made of a wood-based material, for example, LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber). LVL material is sometimes called laminated veneer lumber. The side panels 112 may be plywood made of a wood material other than LVL, or may be solid wood.

[0028] Each of the side plates 112 has a central plate 114, an upper plate 116, and a lower plate 118. The central plate 114 is located at the center of the side plate 112 in the up-down direction. The upper plate 116 is located above the central plate 114. An upper edge 114A of the central plate 114 and a lower edge 116B of the upper plate 116 are in linear contact when viewed in the normal direction of the side plate 112. The lower plate 118 is located below the central plate 114. A lower edge 114B of the central plate 114 and an upper edge 118A of the lower plate 118 are in linear contact when viewed in the normal direction of the side plate 112. In other words, the side plate 112 is divided into three parts by linear dividing lines: the central plate 114, and the upper and lower plates 116 and 118 located above and below it. There is no limit to the number of divisions of the side plate 112, as will be described later. In the structure in which the side plate 112 is divided in this manner, each of the divided plate members is an example of a divided plate of the disclosed technology. In the case of the column structure 102 of this embodiment, the center plate 114, the upper plate 116, and the lower plate 118 are all examples of divided plates.

[0029] In this embodiment, the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 is also the upper edge 112A of the side plate 112, and is in linear contact with the upper structure 24 of the building 22. The lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 is also the lower edge 112B of the side plate 112, and is in contact with the lower structure 26 of the building 22. That is, the upper edge 112A of the side plate 112 is in contact with the upper structure 24, and the lower edge 112B is in contact with the lower structure 26. In this way, the upper edge 112A of the side plate 112 is in contact with the upper structure 24, and the lower edge 112B is in contact with the lower structure 26, so that the side plate 112 supports part of the vertical load of the building 22.

[0030] In this embodiment, the height HA of the upper plate 116 is equal to the length L of one side of the main body 104. The height HB of the lower plate 118 is also equal to the length L of one side of the column main body 104.

[0031] In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, four side plates 112 are arranged corresponding to each of the four side surfaces 104S, but for example, two side plates 112 may be integrated to form an L-shaped end surface so as to correspond to two adjacent side surfaces 104S.

[0032] Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described in comparison with a column structure of a comparative example.

[0033] 5 shows a pillar structure 72 of a first comparative example. In the pillar structure 72 of the first comparative example, the same elements, members, etc. as those in the pillar structure 102 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0034] In the column structure 72 of the first comparative example, a side plate 74 is arranged on each of the four side surfaces 104S (see Figures 3 and 4 of the first embodiment) of the column main body 104. Unlike the side plate 112 of the first embodiment, the side plate 74 of the first comparative example is a single plate material that is continuous from the upper edge 74A to the lower edge 74B. In other words, the side plate 74 is not divided into upper and lower parts. The upper edge 74A of the side plate 74 is in contact with the upper structure 24, and the lower edge 74B is in contact with the lower structure 26.

[0035] Here, let us assume that a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like acts on the column structure 102 of the first embodiment and the column structure 72 of the first comparative example. In this case, a horizontal shear force acts on the column main body 104, and the main deformation is bending deformation, and bending deformation and shear deformation occur on the column main body 104 according to the curvature distribution illustrated in Fig. 6. In addition, in this case, a bending moment acts due to inertial force with a bending moment distribution illustrated in Fig. 7. The bending moment is largest at the top and bottom of the column structure. Note that the actual bending moment may gradually increase nonlinearly from the center of the column structure 102 toward the top and bottom in some cases, and in this respect, Fig. 7 is an example of an ideal bending moment distribution.

[0036] In the structure of the first comparative example, when the column structure 72 is deformed, the side plate 74 as a whole attempts to rigidly rotate as indicated by the arrow R1, as shown on the right side of Fig. 5. However, because the upper edge 74A of the side plate 74 is in contact with the upper structure 24 and the lower edge 74B is in contact with the lower structure 26, the upper edge 74A of the side plate 74 receives a downward force from the upper structure 24, and the lower edge 74B receives an upward force from the lower structure 26. In other words, stress is concentrated at the corners of the upper edge 74A and the lower edge 74B of the side plate 74, which may cause deformation or damage (bending cracks, shear cracks, etc.) to the side plate 74. If the side plate 74 is deformed or damaged, the restoring force characteristics of the column structure 72 will also deteriorate.

[0037] The right side of FIG. 1 shows the column structure 102 of the first embodiment in a state where it has been deformed by a horizontal load similarly acting due to an earthquake or the like.

[0038] In the column structure 102 of the first embodiment, the side plates 112 are divided into three parts, upper and lower. Therefore, when the column structure 102 is deformed, not only the central plate 114 but also the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 attempt to rigidly rotate as indicated by arrow R2. In this case, because the side plates 112 are divided into three, the rotation angles of the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 are smaller than the rotation angle of the side plate 74 in the column structure 72 of the comparative example. Stress in the side plates 112 is dispersed not only to the corners of the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 and the corners of the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118, but also to the boundary between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116 and the boundary between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118. This alleviates local stress concentration on the upper edge 112A and the lower edge 112B of the side plates 112, thereby suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112. Furthermore, by suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112, the deterioration of the restoring force characteristics of the column structure 102 can also be suppressed.

[0039] FIG. 8 shows an example of the results of a structural experiment in which a horizontal load was applied to the column structure 102 of the first embodiment and the column structure 92 of the second comparative example, assuming that the column structure 102 is a corner column on a lower floor of a multi-story building. In this graph, the solid line indicates the column structure 102 of the first embodiment, and the dashed line indicates the column structure 92 of the second comparative example. As shown in FIG. 9, the column structure 102 of the first embodiment has side panels 112 arranged on the side surfaces 104S of the concrete column main body 104. The side panels 112 are divided into three panels: a central panel 114, an upper panel 116, and a lower panel 118, similar to the shape shown in FIG. 1. In contrast, the column structure 92 of the second comparative example has a structure in which the side panels 72 are removed from the column structure 72 of the first comparative example (see FIG. 5), as shown in FIG. 10. In the column structure 92 of the second comparative example, the four side surfaces 104S of the column main body 104 are exposed.

[0040] When a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like acts on columns on the lower floors of a multi-story building, the shear force from the beams may increase the compressive axial force as the column axial force when the horizontal load is in one direction, and may change to a tensile axial force when the horizontal load is in the opposite direction. Figure 11 shows a state in which a compressive axial force N acts on column structures 102 and 92 as the column axial force. In this case, a shear force +Q also acts on the column structures 102 and 92, causing horizontal deformation δ1 (mainly bending deformation and shear deformation). In contrast, Figure 12 shows a state in which a tensile axial force N acts on column structures 102 and 92 as the column axial force. In this case, a shear force -Q acts on the column structures 102 and 92 in the opposite direction to that shown in Figure 11, causing horizontal deformation δ2 (mainly bending deformation and shear deformation). Therefore, assuming that corner columns are subject to the most severe loading conditions among columns in a multi-story building during an earthquake, an experiment was conducted by repeating, as one cycle, a positive loading (positive load) in which the column axial force increases with an increase in horizontal load (shear force +Q) and a compressive axial force acts, and a negative loading (load weight) in which the column axial force decreases with an increase in horizontal load (shear force -Q) and a tensile axial force acts. Note that in the experiment, cyclic loading with gradually increasing displacement was performed, but the graph in Figure 8 shows an envelope load to make the effect of the side panel 112 easier to understand and to facilitate comparison between the first embodiment and the second comparative example. The "column deformation angle" on the horizontal axis of the graph in Figure 8 is the inclination angle of the center line CL of the column body with respect to the vertical line PL.

[0041] From this graph, it can be seen that under a positive load, the ultimate bending strength increases in the first quadrant where a compressive axial force acts as the horizontal load (shear force) increases. Furthermore, under a positive load, the column structure 102 of the first embodiment has a column deformation angle of 5×10 compared to the column structure of the second comparative example. -3 rad, and 10 x 10 -3 rad, the shear force (ultimate bending strength of the column structure) increases by about 20%. Even when the column deformation angle is larger than this, the column structure 102 of the first embodiment exhibits relatively higher strength and superior deformation performance than the column structure of the second comparative example. Even under heavy load, the column structure 102 of the first embodiment exhibits almost the same shear force as the column structure of the second comparative example, and exhibits similar structural performance.

[0042] In the column structure 102 of the first embodiment, the upper edge 112A of the side plate 112 is in contact with the upper structure 24, and the lower edge 112B is in contact with the lower structure 26. In a structure in which the side plate 112 is in contact with the structures above and below in this way, the side plate 112 bears part of the vertical axial force acting on the column main body 104, thereby reducing the axial force burden on the column main body 104 and improving deformation performance.

[0043] Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the following embodiments, the same elements, members, etc. as those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0044] As shown in Fig. 13, in the column structure 202 of the second embodiment, the upper plate 116 is divided into two parts, upper and lower, and has an upper plate upper part 116P and an upper plate lower part 116Q. The lower plate 118 is also divided into two parts, upper and lower, and has a lower plate upper part 118P and a lower plate lower part 118Q. Therefore, the side plate 112 as a whole has a structure divided into five parts, upper and lower. In the column structure 202 of the second embodiment, the center plate 114, the upper plate upper part 116P, the upper plate lower part 116Q, the lower plate upper part 118P, and the lower plate lower part 118Q are examples of divided plates.

[0045] In the column structure 202 of the second embodiment configured as described above, when the column structure 102 is deformed by a horizontal load, the stress on the side plate 112 is dispersed to the boundary between the upper plate upper part 116P and the upper plate lower part 116Q, and also to the boundary between the lower plate upper part 116P and the lower plate lower part 116Q. As a result, as shown as "After deformation" on the right side of Fig. 8, local stress concentration on the corners of the upper edge 112A and the lower edge 112B of the side plate 112 is alleviated, and deformation and damage to the side plate 112 can be suppressed.

[0046] Next, a third embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 14 , in a pillar structure 302 of the third embodiment, the side plates 112 are divided into five parts as a whole, but the heights of the divided side plates are the same. Specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 14 , the central plate 114 is divided into three parts: an upper central plate 114P, a lower central plate 114Q, and a middle central plate 114R. In contrast, the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 are made of a single plate material and are not divided. The plate materials constituting the upper plate 116, the lower plate 118, and the central plate 114 are all formed to the same height, resulting in a structure in which the side plates 112 are divided into five parts in the height direction. In the pillar structure 302 of the third embodiment, the upper central plate 114P, the lower central plate 114Q, the middle central plate 114R, the upper plate 116, and the lower plate 118 are examples of divided plates.

[0047] In the column structure 302 of the third embodiment having such a structure, the plate materials constituting the side plates 112 are substantially the same shape, so that it is possible to prevent deformation from being concentrated in a particular plate material. Moreover, since the side plates 112 have the same shape, there is no need to handle these plate materials separately, and management is easy. Furthermore, each plate material is shorter in height, lighter in weight, and smaller in size than, for example, the central plate 114 of the first embodiment. Therefore, for example, when attaching the side plates 112 to an existing column body 104 on-site, this work is easy.

[0048] Note that an example in which the multiple plate members (divided plates) constituting the side plate 112, i.e., the plate members constituting the upper plate 116, the lower plate 118, and the central plate 114, are all the same height is not limited to the example in which the side plate 112 is divided into five, as shown in Fig. 14. For example, in an example in which the side plate 112 is divided into three in the height direction, i.e., in an example in which the upper plate 116, the lower plate 118, and the central plate 114 are all made of a single plate member, the upper plate 116, the lower plate 118, and the central plate 114 may all have the same height.

[0049] Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 15, in a pillar structure 402 of the fourth embodiment, an upper side 114A of a central plate 114 has an upwardly convex curved shape, and a lower side 116B of an upper plate 116 has an upwardly concave curved shape corresponding to this. When viewed in the normal direction of the side plates 112, the upper side 114A of the central plate 114 and the lower side 116B of the upper plate 116 are in contact with each other in a curved manner along this curved shape.

[0050] Furthermore, the lower side 114B of the central plate 114 is curved in a convex shape downward, and correspondingly, the upper side 118A of the lower plate 118 is curved in a concave shape downward. When viewed in the normal direction of the side plate 112, the lower side 114B of the central plate 114 and the upper side 118A of the lower plate 118 are in contact with each other in a curved manner along this curved shape.

[0051] In the column structure 402 of the fourth embodiment, the shapes of the curved portions of the central plate 114, the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 can also be said to be convex with respect to the center of the central plate 114.

[0052] In the column structure 402 of the fourth embodiment configured as described above, when the column structure 102 is deformed by a horizontal load, the stress of the side plates 112 is dispersed not only to the corners of the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 and the corners of the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 but also to the boundary between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116 and the boundary between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118. This alleviates local stress concentration on the upper edges 112A and lower edges 112B of the side plates 112, thereby suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112. Furthermore, suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112 also suppresses a decrease in the restoring force characteristics of the column structure 102.

[0053] Furthermore, since the contact portions between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116, and between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118, are curved, when a horizontal load is applied, the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 move smoothly in the horizontal direction relative to the central plate 114, and the overall deformation of the side plate 112 also occurs smoothly.

[0054] Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 16, in a pillar structure 502 of the fifth embodiment, an upper side 114A of a central plate 114 is curved in a concave downward shape, and a lower side 116B of an upper plate 116 is curved in a convex downward shape corresponding to this. When viewed in the normal direction of the side plate 112, the upper side 114A of the central plate 114 and the lower side 116B of the upper plate 116 are in contact with each other in a curved manner along the curved shapes.

[0055] Furthermore, the bottom side 114B of the central plate 114 is curved in a concave shape upward, and correspondingly, the top side 118A of the lower plate 118 is curved in a convex shape upward. When viewed in the normal direction of the side plate 112, the bottom side 114B of the central plate 114 and the top side 118A of the lower plate 118 are in contact with each other in a curved manner along this curved shape.

[0056] In the column structure 502 of the fifth embodiment, it can also be said that the shapes of the curved portions of the central plate 114, the upper plate 116, and the lower plate 118 are concave with respect to the center of the central plate 114. In addition, in the fourth embodiment, it can also be said that the contact portion between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116 and the contact portion between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118 are curved in the opposite direction to that in the third embodiment.

[0057] In the column structure 502 of the fifth embodiment configured as described above, when the column structure 102 is deformed by a horizontal load, the stress of the side plates 112 is dispersed not only to the corners of the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 and the corners of the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 but also to the boundary between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116 and the boundary between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118. This alleviates local stress concentration on the upper edges 112A and lower edges 112B of the side plates 112, thereby suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112. Furthermore, suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112 also suppresses a decrease in the restoring force characteristics of the column structure 102.

[0058] Furthermore, since the contact portions between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116, and between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118, are curved, when a horizontal load is applied, the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 move smoothly in the horizontal direction relative to the central plate 114, and the overall deformation of the side plate 112 also occurs smoothly.

[0059] In addition, compared to the column structure 402 of the fourth embodiment and the column structure 502 of the fifth embodiment, the column structure 102 of the first embodiment, the column structure 202 of the second embodiment, and the column structure 302 of the third embodiment, the contact portions between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116, and between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118 are linear, which has the advantage of making them easier to mold.

[0060] Next, a sixth embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 17 , in a column structure 602 of the sixth embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment, the upper side 114A of the central plate 114 is convex upward, and the lower side 116B of the upper plate 116 is concave upward. However, unlike the fourth embodiment, these sides have a shape (trapezoidal shape) with three straight line segments. Furthermore, the lower side 114B of the central plate 114 is convex downward, and the upper side 118A of the lower plate 118 is concave downward, but these sides also have a shape (trapezoidal shape) with three straight line segments. As in the fourth embodiment, in the sixth embodiment, the shapes of the contact portions of the central plate 114, the upper plate 116, and the lower plate 118 are convex with respect to the center of the central plate 114.

[0061] Next, the seventh embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 18 , in the pillar structure 702 of the seventh embodiment, as in the fifth embodiment, the upper edge 114A of the central plate 114 is convex downward, and the lower edge 116B of the upper plate 116 is concave downward. However, unlike the fifth embodiment, these edges have a shape (trapezoidal shape) with three straight line segments. Also, the lower edge 114B of the central plate 114 is convex upward, and the upper edge 118A of the lower plate 118 is concave upward, but these edges also have a shape (trapezoidal shape) with three straight line segments. As in the fifth embodiment, in the seventh embodiment, the shape of the contact portion between the central plate 114, the upper plate 116, and the lower plate 118 is concave with respect to the center of the central plate 114.

[0062] In this structure in which the side plate 112 is divided into upper and lower parts, the shape of the contacting portion may be one straight line, multiple straight lines, or a curved shape.

[0063] Next, an eighth embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 19, in a column structure 802 of the eighth embodiment, the upper side 116A of the upper plate 116 is not in contact with the upper structure 24, creating a gap GP1. Similarly, the lower side 118B of the lower plate 118 is not in contact with the lower structure 26, creating a gap GP2. Therefore, in the column structure 802 of the eighth embodiment, the side plates 112 do not support the vertical load of the building 22. However, the side plates 112 have the effect of restraining the periphery of the column main body 104.

[0064] In the column structure 802 of the eighth embodiment configured as described above, when the column structure 102 is deformed by a horizontal load, if the rotation angle of the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 in the direction of arrow R2 is less than a predetermined angle, the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 does not contact the upper structure 24, and the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 does not contact the lower structure 26. Then, when the rotation angle of the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 in the direction of arrow R1 reaches a predetermined angle, the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 comes into contact with the upper structure 24, and the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 comes into contact with the lower structure 26. In this state, the stress of the side plate 112 is also dispersed to the boundary between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116, and the boundary between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118. In the fifth embodiment as well, local stress concentration on the upper edge 112A and the lower edge 112B of the side plate 112 is alleviated, thereby suppressing deformation and damage to the side plate 112. Furthermore, suppressing deformation and damage to the side plate 112 also suppresses a decrease in the restoring force characteristics of the column structure 102.

[0065] Next, a ninth embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 20, in a column structure 902 of the ninth embodiment, grout material 904 is disposed between the upper edge 114A of the central plate 114 and the lower edge 116B of the upper plate 116, and between the lower edge 114B of the central plate 114 and the upper edge 118A of the lower plate 118. The grout material 904 is, for example, mortar or resin. The presence of the grout material 904 ensures the transmission of force between the members above and below the grout material 904. The grout material 904 is preferably a so-called high-strength grout, which is a material having a compressive strength equal to or greater than a predetermined value.

[0066] Similar grout material 904 is also placed between the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 and the upper structure 24, and between the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 and the lower structure 26. The upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 is in contact with the upper structure 24 via the grout material 904. The lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 is in contact with the lower structure 26 via the grout material 904 as well.

[0067] In the pillar structure 902 of the ninth embodiment configured as described above, when the pillar structure 102 is deformed by a horizontal load, the stress of the side plates 112 is dispersed not only to the corners of the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 and the corners of the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 but also to the boundary between the central plate 114 and the upper plate 116 and the boundary between the central plate 114 and the lower plate 118. This alleviates local stress concentration on the upper edges 112A and lower edges 112B of the side plates 112, thereby suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112. Furthermore, suppressing deformation and damage to the side plates 112 also suppresses a decrease in the restoring force characteristics of the pillar structure 902.

[0068] Furthermore, in the ninth embodiment of the column structure 902, grout material 904 is arranged between the upper edge 114A of the central plate 114 and the lower edge 116B of the upper plate 116, between the lower edge 114B of the central plate 114 and the upper edge 118A of the lower plate 118, in the gap between the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 and the upper structure 24, and between the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118 and the lower structure 26, so that vertical loads are reliably transmitted in the side plates 112.

[0069] Next, a tenth embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 21, in a column structure 1002 of the tenth embodiment, a side plate 112 is divided into two, an upper plate 116 and a lower plate 118. In the example shown in Fig. 21, the divided side plates, that is, an upper plate 116 and a lower plate 118, have the same shape and therefore the same height. In the column structure 1002 of the tenth embodiment, the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 are examples of divided plates.

[0070] In the column structure 1002 of the tenth embodiment configured as described above, as shown on the right side of FIG. 21 , when the column structure 1002 is deformed by a horizontal load, both the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 tend to rotate in the direction of arrow R2. However, the amount of rotation (angle of rotation) is smaller than the amount of rotation of the side plate 74 in the column structure 72 of the first comparative example shown in FIG. 5 . The stress of the side plate 112 acts in a dispersed manner on the corners of the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 and the corners of the lower edge 118B of the lower plate 118. As a result, even in the tenth embodiment in which the side plate 112 is divided into two, local stress concentration on the upper edge 112A and the lower edge 112B of the side plate 112 is alleviated, thereby suppressing deformation and damage to the side plate 112. Furthermore, suppressing deformation and damage to the side plate 112 also suppresses a decrease in the restoring force characteristics of the column structure 102.

[0071] Note that the structure in which the side plate 112 is divided into two in this manner is not limited to the structure having the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 of the same shape as shown in Fig. 21. In other words, the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 may have different shapes (different dimensional heights). If the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 have the same shape, there is no need to handle the upper plate 116 and the lower plate 118 separately, as with the side plate 112 related to the column structure 302 of the third embodiment shown in Fig. 14, and management is easier.

[0072] As can be seen from the above description, the disclosed technology does not limit the number of divisions of the side plate 112. Other than the above example, it may be divided into, for example, four divisions, six divisions or more.

[0073] In the disclosed technology, the structure of the column structure 102 is not limited to the structure having the reinforcing bars 108 shown in FIG. 3, but may adopt the structures of the various modifications shown in FIGS.

[0074] In a first modified example shown in FIG. 22 and a second modified example shown in FIG. 23, steel materials 110 are embedded in concrete 106 instead of reinforcing bars 108. In the first modified example shown in FIG. 22, the cross-sectional shape of steel materials 110 is an "H" shape, and is a so-called "H-shaped steel." In the second modified example shown in FIG. 23, the cross-sectional shape of steel materials 110 is a shape in which two "H-shaped steels" are combined with a phase difference of 90 degrees. Moreover, a third modified example shown in FIG. 24 is a structure in which reinforcing bars 108 and steel materials 110 are used together.

[0075] As described above, there is no particular limitation on the specific structure of the pillar body 104. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the pillar body 104 is not limited to the rectangle (including square) shown in Fig. 3 and Figs. 22 to 24, but may be, for example, a polygonal pillar, a circular pillar, an elliptical pillar, etc. Furthermore, the side surface 104S may have a shape that combines a flat surface and a curved surface (for example, a curved surface).

[0076] In the disclosed technology, the configuration for joining the column structure to the upper structure 24 and the lower structure 26 is not limited to the above structure, and the modified structures shown in Figs. 25 to 29 may also be employed.

[0077] In a fourth modified example shown in FIGS. 25 and 26 , the length L2 of one side of the joint 38 is approximately the same as the width W1 of the beams 34, 36. That is, the length L2 of one side of the joint 38 is shorter than the width W2 of the side panel 112. A slab 42 is disposed between the beams 34 that extend perpendicular to each other. Similarly, a slab 42 is disposed between the beams 36 that extend perpendicular to each other. The slab 42 forms part of the upper structure 24 or the lower structure 26. An intermediate member 44 is disposed between the slab 42 and the upper plate 116 located below it. The intermediate member 44 is, for example, a wood-based member similar to the side panel 112. The intermediate member 44 is in contact with the upper plate 116 and the slab 42.

[0078] In the structure of the fourth modified example, the upper edge 116A of the upper plate 116 does not contact the joint 38, so no force acts directly between the joint 38 and the upper plate 116. However, because the intermediate member 44 contacts the upper plate 116 and the slab 42, a structure can be realized in which force acts between the joint 38 and the upper plate 116 via the intermediate member 44.

[0079] In the fourth modified example, as shown on the left side of Fig. 26, for example, when the column structure 102 is located at a corner of a building, there may be no slab above the upper plate 116. In this case, an intermediate member 44 may be placed between the upper plate 116 of the column structure 102 and the lower plate 118 of the column structure 102 located further above the column structure 102. Furthermore, when force from the joint 38 is not to be applied to the upper plate 116 (side plate 112), the intermediate member 44 may be omitted.

[0080] In the fifth modified example shown in FIG. 27, the width W1 of the beams 34, 36 is made approximately equal to the length L2 of one side of the joint 38. Such a beam is sometimes called a flat beam. The length L2 of one side of the joint 36 is approximately equal to the width W2 of the side panel 112, as will be described later. Therefore, similar to the example shown in FIG. 2, a structure is realized in which the upper edge 112A of the side panel 112 contacts the joint 38 above it, and the lower edge 112B of the side panel 112 contacts the joint 38 below it.

[0081] In the sixth modified example shown in Figs. 28 and 29 , the reinforcing bars 108 provided in the column main body 104 protrude upward from the joints 38 in each of the column main bodies 104. The joints 38 are formed with insertion holes 120 through which the reinforcing bars 108 are inserted from bottom to top. The protruding length of the reinforcing bars 108 from the joints 38 is set so that the reinforcing bars 108 protrude further upward from the joints 38 in a state where the column structure 102 and the beams 34, 36 above it are joined, as shown in Fig. 29 . In addition, a recess 122 is formed in the bottom surface of the column main body 104 to accommodate the protruding portion of the reinforcing bars 108 in a state where the column structure 102 is installed on the joints 38.

[0082] In the sixth modified example, the beam 34 or 36 and the joint 38 are assembled into a predetermined shape in advance, for example, in a factory, before being transported to the construction site of the building 22. Then, at the construction site of the building 22, the joint 38 is installed on the column structure 102. At this time, a reinforcing bar 108 is inserted into the insertion hole 120 of the joint 38, and the upper part of the reinforcing bar 108 protrudes above the joint 38. In this state, a new column structure 102 can be installed above the joint 38, and the upper part (protruding part) of the reinforcing bar 108 can be inserted into the recess 112. In this way, in the sixth modified example, the beam 34 or 36 and the joint 38 are assembled into a predetermined shape in advance, for example, in a factory, which shortens the work time at the construction site and stabilizes the quality.

[0083] In the disclosed technology, the number and positions of the side plates 112 are also not limited to the example in which they are attached to all four side surfaces of the rectangular pillar body 104. For example, a side plate 112 may be attached to any side surface 104S of a polygonal pillar body 104. In this case, it is sufficient that a side plate 112 divided into a center plate 114, an upper plate 116, and a lower plate 118 is attached to at least one of the polygonal side surfaces 104S. The side surface 104S to which such a side plate 112 is not attached may not have a side plate, or may have a side plate that is not divided into three upper and lower portions (see side plate 74 shown in FIG. 4).

[0084] When the column body 104 is a rectangular column, if the side plates 112 are arranged on at least two side surfaces 104S of the column body 104, the effect of alleviating stress concentration when a horizontal load acts is greater than a structure in which the side plates 112 are arranged on only one side surface 104S. For example, when the column body 104 is rectangular column-shaped as in each of the above embodiments (including modified examples), if the side plates 114 are arranged on two adjacent side surfaces 104S, the effect of the side plates 114 can be exerted in two orthogonal directions. Moreover, the side plates 114 may be attached to two opposing surfaces of the column body 104 which is a rectangular column.

[0085] In particular, when the side plates 112 are arranged to surround the column body 104 in horizontal cross section, the column body 104 is constrained by the side plates 112, resulting in high resistance to horizontal loads. For example, since the column body 104 is reinforced by the side plates 112, resistance to shear force is high. In addition, the bending strength of the column structure is also increased. These factors improve the deformation performance of the column structure.

[0086] Furthermore, for a column body 104 in which part or all of the side surface 104S is configured as a curved surface (curved surface), in addition to the flat side plate 112, a side plate having a curved shape that matches the shape of the side surface 104S may be used.

[0087] When the flat side plate 112 is attached to the curved side surface 104S, the side surface 104S may be attached by making line contact or point contact with the side surface 104S.

[0088] Furthermore, when the side plate 112 is attached in close contact with the column body 104, it is possible to cause integral deformation of the column body 104 and the side plate 112, compared to a structure in which the side plate 112 is arranged at a distance from the column body 104. In this case, "close contact" means that at least a part of the surface of the side plate 114 facing the side surface 104S is in surface contact with the side surface 104S without any gap.

[0089] The following additional notes are further disclosed regarding the above embodiment. (Appendix 1) a column body that supports a vertical load; A side plate attached to at least a part of the side surface of the pillar body and divided into two or more divided plates in the vertical direction; A pillar structure having: (Appendix 2) The side plate is A column structure as described in Appendix 1, which is divided into a central plate located in the center in the vertical direction, an upper plate above the central plate and in contact with the upper edge of the central plate, and a lower plate below the central plate and in contact with the lower edge of the central plate. (Appendix 3) The column structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the side panels are arranged on at least two sides of the column body. (Appendix 4) A column structure as described in Appendix 3, wherein the side panels are arranged to surround the column body when viewed in a horizontal cross section of the column body. (Appendix 5) 5. The column structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the side plate is in close contact with the side surface of the column body. (Appendix 6) The upper plate is in contact with a superstructure located above the column body, A column structure as described in Appendix 2, wherein the lower plate is in contact with an underlying structure located below the column body. (Appendix 7) A pillar structure as described in Appendix 2, wherein the central plate and the upper plate, and the central plate and the lower plate are in linear contact when viewed in the normal direction of the central plate. (Appendix 8) A pillar structure as described in Appendix 2, wherein the central plate and the upper plate, and the central plate and the lower plate are in contact with each other in a convex or concave shape relative to the center of the central plate when viewed in the normal direction of the central plate. (Appendix 9) 9. The pillar structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each of the divided plates has the same height dimension. [Explanation of symbols]

[0090] 102 Column structure 104 Pillar body 104S side 112 Side panel 114 Center plate 116 Upper Plate 118 Lower plate 202 Column structure 302 Column structure 402 Column structure 502 Column structure 602 Column structure 702 Column structure 802 Column structure 902 Column structure 904 Grout material 1002 Column Structure

Claims

1. a column body that supports a vertical load; A side plate attached to at least a part of the side surface of the pillar body and divided into two or more divided plates in the vertical direction; A pillar structure having:

2. The side plate is The column structure of claim 1, which is divided into a central plate located in the center in the vertical direction, an upper plate above the central plate and in contact with the upper edge of the central plate, and a lower plate below the central plate and in contact with the lower edge of the central plate.

3. The column structure according to claim 1 , wherein the side plates are arranged on at least two sides of the column body.

4. The column structure according to claim 3 , wherein the side plates are arranged to surround the column body when viewed in a horizontal cross section of the column body.

5. The column structure according to claim 1 , wherein the side plate is in close contact with the side surface of the column body.

6. The upper plate is in contact with a superstructure located above the column body, The column structure according to claim 2 , wherein the lower plate is in contact with an underlying structure located below the column body.

7. The column structure according to claim 2 , wherein the central plate and the upper plate, and the central plate and the lower plate are in linear contact with each other when viewed in a normal direction of the central plate.

8. The column structure according to claim 2 , wherein the central plate and the upper plate, and the central plate and the lower plate, are in contact with each other in a convex or concave shape relative to the center of the central plate when viewed in the normal direction of the central plate.

9. The column structure according to claim 1 , wherein each of said dividing plates has the same height dimension.

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