Simple method for improving purity and yield of watermelon cross-breeding

Abstract

To provide a simple method for improving the purity and yield of cross breeding of watermelon.SOLUTION: The method comprises the steps of: constructing an isolation net chamber; killing the midges; extracting the non-conforming stocks; emasculating; pollinating; cutting open the breeding gourds; and collecting, disinfecting and sun-drying the seeds. In the present invention, cross-breeding of watermelon is carried out by means of net-chamber isolation and artificial pollination, so as to improve the purity and yield of watermelon breeding.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, and in particular to a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon and melon hybrid breeding. [Background technology]

[0002] Watermelon refers to both watermelons and melons. China is the world's leading producer and consumer of watermelons. In recent years, the planting area has exceeded 28 million mu, accounting for over 70% of the total fruit sold in the summer market. The watermelon and melon industry plays an important role in developing China's agriculture and rural areas, increasing farmers' incomes, and enriching them. China is also the world's leading producer of watermelon and melon seeds, with an annual production requirement of approximately 1.5 million kilograms of watermelon seeds and approximately 500,000 kilograms of melon seeds, totaling 2 million kilograms. China's watermelon and melon breeding output reaches 6 billion yuan. All watermelon and melon seed companies around the world have established breeding bases in China, accounting for more than one-third of the world's total. Mass breeding for overseas markets is the main source of cash income in northwest China. However, China's efforts to breed high-quality watermelon and melon seeds have encountered significant technological bottlenecks. One reason is that China's watermelon breeding advantages have been lost due to rising labor costs, and the other reason is the continuous improvement of industry requirements for seed quality. Traditional watermelon breeding in China often involves manually emasculating the flowers in the open, tying them up to isolate them, and then artificially pollinating them. This method has problems such as low seed purity, requiring a large number of workers, heavy workloads, and high production costs. Therefore, it is particularly important to produce watermelon seeds with high quality and high yields at low cost. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon crossbreeding, and carries out watermelon melon crossbreeding by gauze isolation and artificial pollination, thereby improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon crossbreeding. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In one aspect, the present invention provides a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon hybrid breeding, comprising: The method includes step 1 of constructing an isolation screened chamber, step 2 of killing small insects, step 3 of removing unsuitable plants, step 4 of emasculating female plants, step 5 of pollinating, and step 6 of cutting open the breeding melons, collecting seeds, disinfecting them, and drying them in the sun; Step 1: Install supports in the watermelon melon seed breeding production area, attach rope connectors to the supports, fasten all the surrounding supports to the rope connectors with ropes, pull the ropes diagonally to fasten them to the ground, cover the supports with nylon gauze with a density of 20 mesh, and tightly compact the surrounding nylon gauze with soil, set up a buffer room at the entrance and exit of the isolation screen room, and use two layers of insect-proof net curtains stacked alternately on the doors of the buffer room to prevent external insects from entering the screen room and carrying out activities such as pollination; In step 2, after covering the gauze, a pesticide such as 10% cypermethrin emulsion concentrate 2500 times solution is sprayed over the entire inside of the gauze to kill small insects such as aphids and thrips and prevent them from entering the female flowers and causing harm. In step 3, the morphology of the parent plants is carefully observed before pollination. If any plants are found that differ from the characteristics of the cultivar to be cultivated, they are removed and In step 4, the day before pollination, all male flowers, including buds, and any attached fruits are removed from the female plants. In step 5, in the evening of the day before the male flowers bloom or early in the morning of the same day, the male flowers of the robustly growing male plants are picked and placed in a container covered with a compress after picking, so that the male flowers can be pollinated after they bloom naturally. The petals are removed from the male flowers of the male plants, and the male flower medicine from the male plants is lightly and evenly applied to the stigmas of the second or third female flowers of the female plants that have just bloomed. Then, labeled ropes are tied to the stalks of the pollinated female flowers, and several different colors are selected as labels, and one color is changed every 3 to 5 days. This allows the breeding melons to be harvested in batches. Pollination should be carried out from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. on sunny, high-temperature days and from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. on cloudy, low-temperature days. There is no need to tie up the flowers of the female plants. The netted greenhouse provides a natural isolation function, preventing pollination by insects, so there is no need to cover the female flowers of the female plants with caps to isolate and protect them. In step 6, the seeds are harvested in the morning on a sunny day, allowed to ferment naturally in a cool, dark environment for 48 hours, the mucilage is removed, the seeds are rinsed thoroughly with purified water, the water is thoroughly filtered, disinfected, washed, and quickly dried or sun-dried to reduce the moisture content of the seeds to within 8%. [Effects of the Invention]

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the simple method of improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon cross breeding of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] 1. Increased seed purity and yield. One advantage of using gauze isolation to breed watermelon melons is the high breeding purity. Under gauze isolation conditions, spraying pesticides such as 10% cypermethrin emulsion concentrate 2500x solution into the screened cage to kill insects ensures that there are no insects inside the cage and prevents natural pollination. Therefore, breeding purity is significantly improved compared to that of open-field breeding, and netted cage isolation can achieve 100% watermelon melon seed purity. Another advantage of using gauze isolation to breed watermelon melons is the high breeding yield. Under the conditions of gauze isolation, the netted greenhouse can adjust the microclimate environment for watermelon melon growth, and during the flowering period, the humidity inside the netted greenhouse is about 10% higher than in the open field, which is favorable for pollination and fertilization, and significantly improves the seed set rate of early pollination.The netted greenhouse also has good ventilation, which reduces the breeding humidity compared to plastic greenhouses, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and increases yields by 50% compared to the open field, thereby increasing the profits of breeding companies.

[0007] 2. Saves time and labor costs. In conventional watermelon and melon hybridization, the female flowers of female plants must be tied up and capped the day before pollination to prevent insect pollination, and they must also be protected by capping after pollination. In contrast, isolation in a netted greenhouse and killing insects before the flowers bloom eliminates pollination by external insects, eliminating the need to tie up the flowers. This saves nearly three times the time required for pollination by isolating and tying up the flowers in the open field, reducing manual input and workload. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] The drawings constituting a part of this invention provide a further understanding of the invention, and the illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to interpret the invention but are not intended to unduly limit the invention.

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an external outline view of the screen chamber. [Figure 2] This is a diagram of the internal structure of the mesh chamber. [Figure 3] This is a diagram of watermelon and melon breeding using a screened greenhouse. [Figure 4] This is an actual drawing of the embankment that secures the screen chamber to the outside of the screen chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The embodiments and features of the present invention can be combined with each other as long as they are not inconsistent. The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples with reference to the drawings.

[0011] As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, in the present invention, a simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon and melon hybridization is preferred, and this method includes the following steps 1 to 7.

[0012] Step 1 involves selecting and preparing the land. It is preferable to select sandy soil as a watermelon and melon seed breeding production site that is fertile, soft, deep, has a moderate hydrogen ion index, a pH value of about 7.0, has good breathability and light transmittance, and is easy to drain and irrigate.When leveling the land, dig furrows and peripheral trenches in the watermelon and melon seed breeding production site, connect all the trenches, and prevent puddles from forming, thereby preventing the occurrence of flooding.

[0013] In step 2, an isolation screened chamber is constructed. Supports are installed in the watermelon melon seed breeding production area, rope connectors are attached to the supports, all surrounding supports are fixed to the rope connectors with ropes, the ropes are pulled diagonally to fix them to the ground, the supports are covered with nylon gauze with a density of 20 mesh, the surrounding nylon gauze is tightly compacted with soil, a buffer room is set up at the entrance and exit of the isolation net room, and the doors of the buffer room are used with two layers of insect-proof net curtains stacked alternately.

[0014] Step 3 is sowing the seeds and growing the seedlings. For breeding parent seeds, the purity of the parent should be 99.8% or higher. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in warm water at about 50-55°C and stirred constantly. When the water temperature drops to about 30°C, stirring is stopped and the seeds are soaked for 6-8 hours. After removing the seeds, they are soaked in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20-30 minutes. After washing with purified water, germination is promoted in an incubator. The seeds are placed in a container on a layer of damp gauze or towel, spread flat on the damp gauze or towel, and then covered with one to three layers of damp gauze. The container is then placed in an incubator at about 30°C. Generally, the seeds can germinate within 24 hours. Finally, the germinated seeds are sown. When the soil temperature stabilizes at about 15°C, male plants are sown. After 5-7 days, female plants are sown. The flowering periods of the male and female plants should be synchronized. The sowing ratio of male to female plants should be 1:10. The seedbed temperature should be controlled at 25-30°C during the day and 12-13°C at night.

[0015] Step 4 involves transplanting and planting. When watermelon melon seedlings reach three to four leaves and a single core, they are transplanted and transplanted when the soil temperature stabilizes above 15°C. For about seven days before planting, gradually open the ventilation openings wider to harden the seedlings, and unless the weather is exceptional, do not close the ventilation openings at night. For female plants, select seedlings of the same size for planting, allowing the female plants to flower intensively during the flowering period. For male plants, plant three types of seedlings (large, medium, and small). This allows for extended pollination periods during the pollination period. Plant male plants at a ratio of one row to 10 female plants, spaced around the perimeter of the field. For easy pollen collection, female plants should be spaced 20–30 cm apart, with furrow spacing of 50–60 cm. Male plants should be spaced 10–20 cm apart, with furrow spacing of 40–50 cm.

[0016] Step 5 involves killing midges, uprooting incompatible plants, emasculating them, and pollinating them. Prune female plants before pollination as follows: Only the main stem of the watermelon is left, and the side stems are removed. After the core is picked at the five-leaf stage of the melon, one healthy main stem is left and the remaining main stems are removed for pruning. Kill small insects by: After covering the area with gauze, spray a pesticide such as 10% cypermethrin emulsion concentrate at a 2500x dilution over the entire area of ​​the gauze to kill small insects such as aphids and thrips and prevent them from entering the female flowers and causing harm. Remove unsuitable plants as follows: Before pollination, the morphology of the parent plants is carefully observed, and any plants found that differ from the characteristics of the cultivar are removed. Emasculate the female plants as follows: The day before pollination, remove all male flowers, including buds, and any attached fruit from the female plants. Pollinate as follows: In the evening or early morning of the day before male flowers bloom, the male flowers of robustly growing male plants are picked and placed in a container covered with a compress. After picking, the male flowers can be pollinated after they bloom naturally. The petals are removed from the male flowers, and the male flower treatment is lightly and evenly applied to the stigmas of the second or third female flowers of the female plant that have just bloomed. Then, labeled ropes are tied to the stalks of the pollinated female flowers. Several different colors are selected as labels, and one color is changed every three to five days. This allows for batch harvesting of breeding melons. Pollination should be performed between 6:00 AM and 9:00 AM on sunny, high-temperature days, and between 6:00 AM and 10:00 AM on cloudy, low-temperature days. All unpollinated female flowers and those that bloom after 10:00 AM should be removed to ensure improved fruit set after cross-breeding of the female flowers that bloomed after that time. After fruit set, the plants are pinched off to concentrate nutrients on the breeding melons, which will help them develop. After fruit set, the stems can be pinched off when they reach 1.3 meters for early varieties and 1.5 meters for mid-late varieties.

[0017] In step 6, the breeding melons are harvested and seeds are collected. Breeding melons are harvested only after they have fully matured. Before harvesting, all inbred melons must be thoroughly removed. Any breeding melons without marks or with unclear marks are deemed inbred and removed. On a sunny morning, marked hybrid fruits and those matching the characteristics of the female plant are harvested together, stacked, and identified. The breeding melons are then cut open and the seeds are collected. The pulp that meets the breeding melon's requirements is placed in a plastic container along with the seeds, and allowed to ferment naturally in a cool, dark environment for 24 to 48 hours. The mucus on the surface of the seeds is then rubbed off by hand, rinsed thoroughly with purified water, and the water is thoroughly filtered.

[0018] In step 7, the seeds are disinfected and dried in the sun. Tsunami 100 is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:80, and the fermented seeds are washed with purified water. The seeds are then placed in a container of disinfectant and soaked for 15 minutes, with the ratio of disinfectant to wet seeds being 2-3:1. The seeds are then removed from the container and washed twice with water. They are then quickly dried or placed on a mat or screen to dry in the sun. When the moisture content drops to within 8% of the national standard, the seeds are stored in linen, cloth, or woven bags and marked.

[0019] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. All modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the concept and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

[Claim 1] A simple method for improving the purity and yield of watermelon melon hybrid breeding, comprising: The method includes step 1 of constructing an isolation screened chamber, step 2 of killing small insects, step 3 of removing incompatible plants, step 4 of emasculating female plants, step 5 of pollinating, and step 6 of cutting open the breeding melons, collecting seeds, disinfecting them, and drying them in the sun; In step 1, supports are installed in the watermelon melon seed breeding production area, rope connectors are attached to the supports, all surrounding supports are fixed to the rope connectors with ropes, the ropes are pulled diagonally to fix them to the ground, the supports are covered with nylon gauze with a density of 20 mesh, the surrounding nylon gauze is firmly compacted with soil, a buffer room is set up at the entrance and exit of the isolation screen room, and the doors of the buffer room are made of two layers of insect-proof net curtains stacked alternately to prevent external insects from entering the screen room and carrying out activities such as pollination, In step 2, after covering the gauze, a pesticide is sprayed over the entire inside of the gauze to kill small insects such as aphids and thrips and prevent them from entering the female flowers and causing harm; In step 3, the morphology of the parent plants is carefully observed before pollination. If any plants are found that differ from the characteristics of the cultivar to be cultivated, they are removed. In step 4, the day before pollination, all male flowers, including buds, and any attached fruits are removed from the female plants; In step 5, in the evening of the day before the male flowers bloom or early in the morning of the same day, the male flowers of the male plants that are growing well are picked and placed in a container covered with a compress after picking, so that the male flowers can be pollinated after they bloom naturally. The petals are removed from the male flowers of the male plants, and the medicine from the male flowers of the male plants is lightly and evenly applied to the stigmas of the second or third female flowers of the female plants that have just bloomed. Then, labeled ropes are tied to the stalks of the pollinated female flowers, and several different colors are selected as labels, and one color is changed every 3 to 5 days, thereby batch-harvesting the breeding melons. Pollination should be carried out from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. on sunny, high-temperature days and from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. on cloudy, low-temperature days. There is no need to tie up the flowers of the female plants, and the netted greenhouse provides a natural isolation function, preventing pollination by insects, so there is no need to cover the female flowers of the female plants with caps to isolate and protect them. Step 6: Collect the seeds in the morning on a sunny day, ferment them naturally in a cool, dark environment for 48 hours, remove the mucilage, rinse them thoroughly with purified water, filter the water thoroughly, disinfect, wash them, and quickly dry or sun-dry them until the moisture content of the seeds is within 8%. method.

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