Encoded safety system for firearms

Abstract

This improves the safety of firearms of the same type but with different calibers. [Solution] A coding safety system for firearms (1, 1a) of different diameters, comprising: a first safety element for preventing a first firearm (1) having a first caliber from being attached to a second firearm (1a) having a second different caliber; and a second safety element for preventing the second firearm (1a) from being attached to the first firearm (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an encoding safety system for firearms, particularly autoloading firearms of the same type but different calibers, to prevent confusion of weapon parts. The present invention also relates to a weapon part having at least one safety element of the encoding safety system, and an autoloading firearm having at least one safety element for use in a safety and identification system.

[0002] Terms relating to position in this document, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", etc., relate to firearms where the bore is horizontal and the projectile is fired forward away from the shooter.

Background Art

[0003] In firearms of the same type but different calibers, particularly autoloading firearms, if the appearance is the same, one or more of the parts may be inadvertently confused during cleaning of the firearm and subsequent reassembly of the firearm. The existence of multiple different caliber sizes for firearms with mostly the same platform can pose a risk to the health and lives of the shooter and people around, resulting in fatal consequences such as explosions.

[0004] The caliber of European assault rifles is often designed for NATO 5.56×45mm ammunition. In the United States in recent years, the popularity of.300 caliber Blackout ammunition (7.62×35mm) has been increasing. The design of the cartridge designed for these.300 caliber Blackout ammunitions is the same as that of NATO standard 5.56×45 ammunition for its rear part. The.300 blackout ammunition is more powerful than NATO ammunition within an acceptable range of internal ballistics levels and is developed based on the 5.56mm NATO ammunition.

[0005] The .300 Blackout and .300 Whisper rounds are specialized calibers used in conjunction with noise and flash signature suppressors, particularly for niche ballistic applications, especially for police and military special forces. These specialized calibers are used in close-range engagements against guarded and unguarded primary targets, specifically in confined urban areas, and for eliminating mission-related secondary targets, where noise suppression is critical.

[0006] 5.56mm and .300 Blackout / Whisper rounds share essentially the same cartridge case (5.56mm NATO), but the shoulder and neck differ significantly depending on the bullet diameter. Nevertheless, their external dimensions remain nearly identical. As will be discussed later, this becomes a problem.

[0007] Because these auto-loading firearms share the same platform, differing only in the barrel and chamber, and therefore can use (or use) the same magazine, it is difficult to distinguish these auto-loading firearms of different calibers from their appearance. The 5.56mm NATO round and the .300 Blackout / Whisper round are similar in appearance, making it possible to swap their parts, for example, in the HK433 and HK437 assault rifles.

[0008] Inserting a relatively small 5.56mm NATO round into a chamber designed for a larger .300 Blackout round is not a major problem, presumably because inserting a relatively small 5.56mm caliber bullet into a barrel with a bore diameter of 7.62mm would simply cause it to malfunction as it passes through the barrel due to its insufficient power.

[0009] However, the potential risks arising from the 5.56mm NATO cartridge case not being supported and bolstered in the forward chamber of the .300 Blackout remain unclear. The rear of the cartridge case is still supported and can be closed, allowing the propellant gas pressure to dissipate outside the barrel. Nevertheless, dangerous gas pressures could still form inside the chamber.

[0010] If the pressure inside the chamber is excessive, the base of the cartridge case deforms, and gas tends to escape from all areas of the base surface that are not supported by the conforming shape, such as the spring-biased kicker or extractor, causing leakage into the cartridge case. Such leakage can cause the gas pressure inside the chamber, which can exceed 6,000 bar, to escape backward. This can cause an explosion or injure the shooter.

[0011] The risk is significantly higher with .300 Blackout cartridges. When a .300 Blackout round is chambered for a relatively small caliber, this relatively large bullet can jam at the entrance to the barrel. In this case, the mouth and neck of the cartridge can be pushed out by the closed breech plug to cover the stationary bullet. As a result, the rear of the bullet compresses the propellant floating inside the cartridge, causing a compression that results in high gas pressure, which puts the shooter and those nearby at serious risk of explosion.

[0012] Patent Document 1 discloses a pistol interchangeable system, which comprises two different grips for different calibers, two different barrels for different caliber bullets, and / or two different magazines for different caliber ammunition cartridges. The grip for the smaller caliber has a safety element to prevent the attachment of the barrel and / or magazine for the larger caliber.

[0013] This exchange system allows for the conversion of large-caliber weapons to small-caliber weapons by changing the grip, while preventing the loading of large-caliber bullets into small-caliber weapons.

[0014] Furthermore, various methods exist for adapting military weapons into civilian versions. Traditionally, fully automatic functions have been disabled in civilian versions of military weapons, but the caliber remains the same. Therefore, the aforementioned problems do not occur. Often, the possibility of rapid fire is hindered by elements such as rails in such civilian versions, or by specific shapes inside or on the grip. Examples of civilian versions include the SP5 for the MP5, the MR95 for the G95, and the HK393 / C36 for the G36, all developed by the present applicant. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0015] [Patent Document 1] German Patent Application Publication No. 102009057864 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0016] Based on prior art, the present invention aims to create a particularly improved coding safety system for the above-mentioned types of firearms, especially auto-loading firearms, that enhances their safety. [Means for solving the problem]

[0017] This problem is solved by a coding safety system having the features described in claim 1.

[0018] Furthermore, this objective is achieved by a weapon component having at least one safety element for use in the coding safety system described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention provides a first or second caliber firearm, particularly an auto-loading firearm, having at least one safety element, for use in the coding safety system described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

[0020] The coding safety system obtained by the present invention for firearms, particularly auto-loading firearms, is: - At least one first automatic loading firearm having a first caliber, or at least one component thereof, - At least one second firearm having a second different caliber, or at least one component thereof (where the first caliber is different in size from the second), - At least one first safety element on the first and / or second firearm or at least one part thereof, designed to prevent at least one part of at least one first firearm from being attached to at least one second firearm, and - At least one second safety element on the first and / or second firearm or at least one part thereof, designed to prevent at least one part from at least one second firearm from being attached to at least one first firearm. It is equipped with.

[0021] In this invention, "firearms" refers to any firearm, such as repeating rifles, hunting rifles, and automatic loading firearms such as pistols, machine pistols, and especially assault rifles and machine guns, or any other automatic loading firearms whose safety can be improved by an encoded safety system.

[0022] The present invention provides a coding safety system that prevents parts of a firearm, particularly an auto-loading firearm of a first caliber, from being unintentionally fitted to a firearm of a second different caliber, particularly an auto-loading firearm, regardless of whether the second caliber is larger or smaller. Thus, the present invention prevents the confusion of parts of firearms of different calibers. Furthermore, the present invention ensures reliable identification of parts designed for a particular caliber. Any number of parts of a single firearm may have such safety elements. These parts may belong to both the first and second auto-loading firearms. A single part may have two or more safety elements, for example, on one coupling interface or on two or more different coupling interfaces.

[0023] When most components, especially most or all components, are encoded and thus have safety devices, safety can be improved to an optimal level.

[0024] At least one first and second safety element can be designed for mechanical interrogation between at least two components. This eliminates the risk of confusing components or modules of the same type with different calibers.

[0025] Thus, the present invention prevents a component of a firearm of a first caliber from being inadvertently mounted on a firearm of a second caliber, for example, in a stressed situation. This applies when a component of a firearm of a first caliber is on a component of a firearm of a second caliber and vice versa. This encoding system can be used with the assault rifle HK433 having a caliber for 5.56x45mm NATO ammunition and the assault rifle HK437 having a caliber for.300 blackout ammunition.

[0026] In this encoded safety system, at least one component of at least one of the first and / or second firearms can be at least one of the following components: magazine, feed mechanism, grip / lower receiver, upper receiver, barrel receiver, barrel, locking element, bolt, and / or bolt head.

[0027] The present invention raises mechanical interrogation regarding the first and second safety elements between the aforementioned components, especially between the barrel module and the barrel nut, between the barrel nut and the grip, between the grip and the upper receiver, and between the grip and the magazine.

[0028] Thus, the safety verification concept obtained by the present invention eliminates the confusion of parts between firearms of the same type but with different calibers, thereby improving the level of safety. In other words, the safety element obtained by the present invention prevents at least one part for a firearm having a first caliber from being replaced with a functionally identical part for a second firearm of the same type but with a second caliber, or prevents the same part for the first firearm from being installed on the second firearm.

[0029] At least one first and / or second safety element of the coding safety system may be at least one mechanical structure or recess on a part that allows assembly of parts of the same diameter and prevents assembly of parts of different diameters.

[0030] The at least one structure in the present invention may be any suitable mechanical design, for example, a modification of the external shape, diameter, size, or dimensions of all or part sections and / or parts of a component.

[0031] The at least one recess or complementary structure in the present invention may be any suitable corresponding counter structure or design, such as a modification of the shape, diameter, size, or dimensions of an entire or partial section and / or part of a corresponding component, such as a recess, cavity, notch, etc.

[0032] At least one first and / or second safety element or structure of the coding safety system may be an element on at least one part that enables connection by engagement and / or conformity of shape with a corresponding element on a second part of a firearm of the same caliber, particularly a recess or paired structure, while preventing the part of the first firearm from being positioned on the part of the second firearm and vice versa.

[0033] The first engaging element on the component may be a raised element such as a web, a rounded projection, a pin, or a protrusion, and the second engaging element may be a corresponding cavity, recess, hole, or groove.

[0034] The first or second engaging element can be positioned and formed in any suitable section or portion of the part.

[0035] For example, a barrel for a first caliber may have a safety element of one form of the second type of engagement element described above, extending over at least a portion of its outer circumference. This is designed to connect with the first engagement element on the grip by a conforming shape. Since this corresponding second element is not formed on the second barrel, it becomes impossible to place a barrel for a second caliber on the grip.

[0036] The first or second safety element may be an internal recess of a component of the first firearm, particularly within the magazine slot, which interacts with a corresponding structure on the magazine of the first firearm. This recess is not formed in the same component of the second firearm, specifically the magazine receiver, and therefore it is impossible to mount the first component of the second firearm onto the second component of the first firearm, specifically mounting the magazine into the magazine receiver.

[0037] At least one first and / or second safety element of the coding safety system may be an enlargement or reduction of at least one section or part of at least one component.

[0038] A structurally simple approach allows for changes in the diameter, length, size, or dimensions of parts or sections of one or more components. Furthermore, one or more positioning pins on the first automatic loading firearm can be made larger or smaller, longer or shorter, or have different steps or inclines compared to the positioning pins on the second firearm.

[0039] In some assault rifles, such as the HK433 and HK437, the lower receiver folds onto the upper receiver via a front hinge and is secured to the upper receiver by a rear pin. Positioning pins on both sides of the barrel mount can be positioned in corresponding recesses in the lower receiver. Having positioning pins of different sizes in different barrel mounts, and / or recesses of different sizes in the lower receivers of the first and second firearms, ensures that these two parts are never confused and are not mounted on the wrong firearm. Thus, these positioning pins and / or recesses function as a potential safety feature.

[0040] Safety elements can be formed on all or only some of the interfaces of individual components.

[0041] At least one first and / or second safety element or structure of the coding safety system may be formed by a visual and / or tactile marker, and / or there may be at least one visual and / or tactile marker in addition to the at least one first and / or second safety element.

[0042] At least one first and / or second safety element or structure of the coded safety system can be provided on some or all of the components of the first and second firearms. By applying universal coding to some or all of the components, the level of safety is advantageously improved.

[0043] The grip may have a safety element in the form of a first recess on the front of the magazine receiver, which interacts with a projection on the front of the magazine. This recess is absent in the grip for the second caliber. The recess and projection can function as a safety element wherever they are formed on the magazine and magazine receiver.

[0044] In one embodiment, the grip may have an internal stopper surface that interacts with a projection at the front of the magazine. The stopper surface and projection can function as a safety element, regardless of where they are formed on the grip and magazine.

[0045] The magazine may have a safety element in the form of a front projection, which interacts with a corresponding recess in the magazine receiver of the grip for the first caliber. In a simpler design, the magazine for the second caliber has no projection, making it impossible to insert the magazine for the first caliber into the magazine receiver of the grip for the second caliber.

[0046] The projection on the magazine may be a lug or web. This lug or web corresponds to a recess in the magazine receiver and can only be inserted into this grip.

[0047] The projection can be formed on the upper part of the magazine, particularly at the front end. The width of the projection is less than or equal to the width of the magazine.

[0048] This projection or web on the magazine can function as a stopper, particularly at the front or rear of the magazine, limiting how far it can be inserted into the magazine receiver.

[0049] In this design, the magazine receiver or grip has an internal stopping surface that corresponds to the front or rear stopping member of the magazine. In this way, the lower or upper end of the magazine receiver can be easily changed.

[0050] In particular, the present invention prevents a magazine for a first caliber from being inserted into a magazine receiver with a grip for a second caliber, and vice versa. This facilitates quick magazine changes while effectively preventing the unintentional insertion of the wrong magazine.

[0051] Therefore, the recess can be formed in the magazine receiver rather than the magazine itself, and the projection can be formed in the magazine rather than the magazine receiver. The projection on the magazine helps prevent confusion with magazines for assault rifles. The projection can be formed on the upper front side of the magazine. This projection can then be seen and sensed by the user, thus forming a first safety measure.

[0052] Recesses within a magazine are difficult to see or sense. However, it is important for the user to be able to determine whether a new magazine is correct, especially in stressful and difficult situations such as during combat.

[0053] This effectively eliminates the possibility of the first magazine being mounted on the second firearm. The projection or web prevents the magazine from being fully inserted into the magazine receiver of the grip, thus ensuring that the ammunition cartridge is never loaded.

[0054] The same applies to the magazine receiver's retaining member, which prevents the insertion of magazines that do not have a corresponding recess.

[0055] The engaging elements may extend circumferentially. It is known that these elements do not necessarily have to extend along the entire length of the barrel, and that a second corresponding element is required for the grip. As illustrated, there are numerous possible designs for the safety elements.

[0056] The barrel receptacle and / or barrel of the first and / or second firearm may have at least one safety element in the form of a projection, such as a web or pin. This web or pin may correspond to a recess in the barrel receptacle of the same firearm, so that the barrel can only be mounted in the correct barrel receptacle. Depending on the size of the projection or web and the corresponding recess, the barrel from the first firearm may not be mounted in the barrel receptacle of the second firearm, and vice versa. Depending on the size, the projection may be designed so that barrel receptacles of firearms of different calibers are held sufficiently far from the barrel so that the barrel nut cannot be tightened.

[0057] The barrel and / or locking element of the first and / or second firearm may have at least one projection, such as a web or pin, or at least one section of different diameters. In the latter case, the barrel and / or locking element may be stepped so that the section of different diameters corresponds to a section of the locking element of the same firearm.

[0058] The threaded portion of the barrel and / or locking element may have different designs, for example, with respect to its length and / or thread pitch.

[0059] These safety features ensure that the barrel can only be mounted on the corresponding locking element of the same firearm. Depending on the size of the projection or step and the corresponding section, or the design of the threaded section, it may be impossible to mount the barrel of the first firearm on the locking element of a firearm of a different caliber. The projection can be designed to prevent the barrel from being mounted on a firearm of a different caliber.

[0060] Tactile and / or visual markers may also be provided on the first or second firearm components, particularly the magazine. This makes it easier to see and perceive multiple different components at night or in adverse conditions.

[0061] The first engaging element may be coaxial with the barrel of the handgun, preferably at the front end of the weapon's grip or lower receiver. This first element is preferably located near the barrel rest of the grip. In this context, the term "grip" is synonymous with the weapon's lower receiver.

[0062] In the structurally simple design of the present invention, the first engaging element on the grip may be a projection, particularly a web, a rounded projection, a pin, or a ridge. The corresponding second engaging element may be a recess, a hole, or a groove in a corresponding part, such as a gun barrel.

[0063] In another design of the present invention, the second engagement element can be provided on each component, for example, at the rear of the gun barrel.

[0064] A second engagement element may also be formed between a stopper member equipped with a positioning pin and each component, for example, the rear end of the barrel. The end forms a connection portion on the barrel to a barrel nut, to which the barrel nut can be fastened. The positioning pin ensures that the barrel is correctly inserted into the barrel rest. A barrel equipped with a stopper member or positioning pin is disclosed in the present applicant's German Patent Application Publication No. 102017002242, which is incorporated herein by reference. In this regard, refer specifically to paragraph

[0064] .

[0065] The barrel nuts of the two firearms may have different thread pitches and / or lengths, thereby preventing confusion.

[0066] In another design of the present invention, the recess can be formed on the front end of a component, particularly the magazine receiver. The projection can also be formed on the upper front end of a component, particularly the magazine. The width of the projection is less than or equal to the width of the magazine.

[0067] In the simple design of this invention, the recessed part is a vertical groove within the magazine receiver. The corresponding projection can be a web or a lug.

[0068] The component, specifically the grip, may have a first safety element extending along its outer circumference, which is designed to achieve a connection by conforming to its shape by engaging with, for example, a second element on the barrel.

[0069] As illustrated, there are numerous possible designs for safety elements, which can be derived from the claims and the following description of the drawings, as well as from the drawings themselves, by those skilled in the art.

[0070] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0071] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a partial side perspective view of a first embodiment of an automatic loading firearm in the form of an HK433 assault rifle. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows a partial side perspective view of a first embodiment of an automatic loading firearm in the form of an HK437 assault rifle. [Figure 3a] Figure 3a shows a side view of the barrel of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 1. [Figure 3b] Figure 3b shows a side view of the barrel of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 2. [Figure 4a] Figure 4a shows a side view of the magazine of the automatic loading firearm shown in Figure 1. [Figure 4b] Figure 4b shows a side view of the magazine of the automatic loading firearm shown in Figure 2. [Figure 5a] Figure 5a shows a side perspective view of a portion of the grip for the HK433 with the HK433 magazine fully inserted. [Figure 5b] Figure 5b shows a side perspective view of a portion of the grip for the HK433 with a portion of the HK437 magazine inserted. [Figure 6a] Figure 6a shows a side perspective view of a portion of the grip for the HK437 and a fully inserted magazine for the HK437. [Figure 6b] Figure 6b shows a side perspective view of a portion of the grip for the HK437 and a portion of the magazine for the HK433 with the grip inserted. [Figure 7a] Figure 7a shows a schematic side view of a .300 caliber Blackout / Whisper round. [Figure 7b] Figure 7b shows a schematic side view of a 5.56 NATO caliber round. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a partial side view of another embodiment of the HK433 assault rifle. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows a partial side view of another embodiment of the HK437 assault rifle. [Figure 10a] Figure 10a shows a side view of the magazine of the automatic loading firearm shown in Figure 8. [Figure 10b] Figure 10b shows a side view of the magazine of the automatic loading firearm shown in Figure 9. [Figure 11a] Figure 11a shows a side view of the grip of the automatic loading firearm shown in Figure 8. [Figure 11b] Figure 11b shows a partially cutaway side view of the grip of the automatic loading firearm shown in Figure 9. [Figure 12a] Figure 12a shows the grip of the automatic loading firearm from Figure 8, viewed from below. [Figure 12b] Figure 12b shows the grip of the automatic loading firearm from Figure 9, viewed from below. [Figure 13a] Figure 13a shows the grip of the automatic loading weapon in Figure 8, viewed from below, next to the separate barrel support. [Figure 13b] Figure 13b shows the grip of the automatic loading weapon in Figure 9, viewed from below, next to the separate barrel support. [Figure 14a] Figure 14a shows the barrel support of the automatic loading weapon in Figure 8, viewed from the front. [Figure 14b] Figure 14b shows the barrel support of the automatic loading weapon in Figure 9, viewed from the front. [Figure 15a] Figure 15a shows the barrel support of the automatic loading weapon in Figure 8 from above. [Figure 15b] Figure 15b shows the barrel support of the automatic loading weapon in Figure 9, viewed from the front. [Figure 16a] Figure 16a shows a side view of the upper receiver of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 8, with the barrel mount attached. [Figure 16b] Figure 16b shows a side view of the upper receiver of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 9, with the barrel mount attached. [Figure 17a] Figure 17a shows a side view of the barrel of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 8. [Figure 17b] Figure 17b shows a side view of the barrel of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 9. [Figure 18a] Figure 18a shows a side view of the barrel of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 8 with the locking element attached. [Figure 18b] Figure 18b shows a side view of the barrel of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 9 with the locking element attached. [Figure 19a] Figure 19a shows a side view of the barrel of the automatic loading weapon shown in Figure 8, with the locking element shown in a partially cutaway view. [Figure 19b]Figure 19b shows a side view of the barrel of the auto-loading weapon shown in Figure 9, with the locking element shown in a partially cutaway view. [Figure 20a] Figure 20a shows another embodiment of the magazine feeder for the HK433 assault rifle, from above. [Figure 20b] Figure 20b shows another embodiment of the magazine feeder for the HK437 assault rifle, from above. [Figure 21a] Figure 21a shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the magazine for the HK433 assault rifle, complementary to the ammunition feeder shown in Figure 20a. [Figure 21b] Figure 21b shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the magazine for the HK437 assault rifle, complementary to the ammunition feeder in Figure 20b. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0072] The functions of the coding safety system will now be explained with reference to the drawings. Figures 1 and 2 show the auto-loading firearms and their main components that use the coding safety system.

[0073] Figure 1 shows a section of an automatic-loading firearm 1. This firearm 1 is a 5.56 NATO caliber assault rifle (HK433). Hereafter, this will be referred to as a small-caliber rifle. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the HK433 assault rifle and its functions, for example from German Patent Application Publication No. 102017002242, and therefore no further explanation is necessary unless required to understand the present invention.

[0074] Figure 1 shows the barrel 2 of an automatic loading firearm 1 and the grip 7 that forms the lower receiver. As disclosed in German Patent Application Publication No. 102017002242, the barrel 2 has a locking socket or locking element 3 at its rear. At the front of the locking element 3 is an integrated circumferential stop member 4, and at the center of its bottom is a positioning pin 5 extending rearward. This ensures that the barrel 2 is always mounted in the barrel receiver 8 in the same way when assembling the firearm. At the rear end 6 of the locking element 3 or the rear end 6 of the barrel 2 is a connecting section into which the barrel nut is mounted and tightened. Four notches 6a are distributed at even 90° intervals around the entire circumference, which ensure that the barrel is securely received in the breech or grip 7. The grip 7 also has a magazine slot 17 or magazine receiver.

[0075] Figure 2 shows a section of the HK437, an assault rifle that is almost identical to the HK433 but has a caliber for .300 Blackout ammunition. .300 Blackout is also referred to herein as the large caliber.

[0076] The HK437 assault rifle is distinguished by an improved grip 7a, an improved barrel 2a, and an improved magazine receiver 17a or magazine slot. The grip 7a has a first engaging element 9 on which the barrel rest 8 is positioned, which is a web-shaped projection on the circumference and forms part of a first safety element to prevent confusion.

[0077] Unlike the barrel 2 of the HK433, the barrel 2a of the HK437 has a second engaging element 10 at its rear end in the form of a groove complementary to the web 9, thereby preventing another barrel from being attached thereto. During assembly, the web 9 on the grip 7a fits into the groove 10 of the barrel 2a by a matching shape.

[0078] An upper receiver, not shown, may have a web corresponding to the groove 10 of the barrel 2a for connection with the grip 7a.

[0079] Figures 3a and 3b show side views of barrels 2 and 2a for comparison. The web 9 of the grip 7a and the groove 10 machined into the connecting section form the safety element of the HK437 barrel 2a. The HK433 does not have a groove on its barrel 2, and therefore this barrel 2 cannot be attached to the grip 7a. This forms the safety element of the HK433.

[0080] Figures 4a and 4b show the HK433 magazine 11 and the HK437 magazine 11a. The HK437 magazine 11a has a web 13 at the front, which corresponds to a recess 12 on the front inner wall of the magazine slot 17a in the grip of the HK437. This recess 12 extends upward for a sufficient length within the magazine slot 17a so that only the HK437 magazine can be fully inserted into the grip of the HK437 and snap into place.

[0081] In this embodiment, the HK433 magazine 11 has a stopper member 14 at its rear. The stopper member 14 abuts against the grip 7, specifically its lower edge, when the magazine 11 is snap-engaged in place. This prevents the magazine from being inserted too deeply into the slot, which could lead to malfunction. This stopper member may also be formed on the HK437 magazine 11a.

[0082] Figures 5a and 5b show an HK433 magazine 11 inserted into an HK433 grip 7, and an HK437 magazine 11a inserted into an HK433 grip 7, respectively. Since there is no recess 12 for the web 13 in the magazine slot 17, it is impossible to fully insert the HK437 magazine 11a into the magazine slot 17. In other words, the HK433's magazine slot 17 prevents the HK437 magazine 11a from being inserted further into the HK433 grip after it has been inserted about 20-30% of the way.

[0083] Figures 6a and 6b both show the grip 7 of the HK437, with an HK433 magazine 11 (Figure 6b) on one side and an HK437 magazine 11a (Figure 6a) on the other. Figure 6a shows the HK437 magazine 11a being inserted into the HK437 magazine slot 17a of the HK437 grip. Figure 6b shows the HK433 magazine 11 being inserted into the HK437 magazine slot 17a of the HK437 grip.

[0084] Because the magazine slot 17 is blocked by a web 22 formed on its inner wall, the magazine 11 for the HK433 cannot be fully inserted into the magazine receiver 17a of the grip 7 of the HK437 and snap into place. See also Figures 11b, 12b, and their descriptions.

[0085] In the embodiment illustrated herein, the assault rifle HK437 has two safety elements. The first safety element is formed by a recess 12 in the magazine receiver 17a inside the grip 7a of the HK437, which interacts with the corresponding web 13 on the magazine 11a for the HK437.

[0086] The grip 11 of the HK433 does not have a recess 12, and when the magazine 11a is inserted, the magazine slot 17 obstructs the web 13, so the magazine 11a for the HK437 cannot be fully inserted into the magazine receiver 17 of the grip 7 of the HK433 and snap into place.

[0087] Figures 7a and 7b show the .300 Blackout / Whisper round (large caliber 16) and the 5.56 NATO round (small caliber 15). Since the 5.56mm and .300 Blackout / Whisper rounds each use the same 5.56mm NATO cartridge case, their external dimensions are nearly identical. This is shown in Figure 7 by their respective lengths k and diameters d. The difference in external shape is due to the difference in bullet diameter, particularly at the shoulder and neck of the cartridge case.

[0088] Figures 8 and 9 show other embodiments of the HK433 assault rifle (Figure 8) and the HK437 assault rifle (Figure 9).

[0089] The partially assembled HK433 assault rifle shown in Figure 8 has a magazine 11 inserted into the grip 7 and snap-engaged in place. The upper receiver 19 is mounted on top of it, and the barrel 2 is attached. The trigger, trigger guard, and grip are then assembled.

[0090] The partially assembled HK437 assault rifle shown in Figure 9 includes a magazine 11a inserted into the grip 7a and snap-engaged into place. The upper receiver 19a is mounted on top of it, and the barrel 2a is attached. The trigger, trigger guard, and grip are then assembled.

[0091] The magazines 11 and 11a each have bases 20 and 20a, which can slide and pivot.

[0092] Figure 10a shows a side view of the HK433 magazine, and Figure 10b shows a side view of the HK437. Figure 11a shows a partially cut-out side view of the HK433 grip, and Figure 11b shows a side view of the HK437 grip. Figures 12a and 12b show the HK433 grip and the HK437 grip from below.

[0093] The HK437 magazine 11a also has a web 13 at the front, which corresponds to a recess 12 in the front wall of the magazine slot 17a of the HK437's grip (see Figure 11a). This recess 12 extends vertically for a sufficient length within the magazine slot 17a so that only the HK437 magazine can be fully inserted into the HK437's grip and snap into place.

[0094] Furthermore, bevels 21 are present on the upper sides of both sides of the HK473 magazine, at the outer corners of the magazine 11a. These are complementary to the webs 22 (see Figures 11b, 12b, and 13b) that are formed on both sides of the HK437 magazine slot 17a and project inward. These webs 22 extend downward within the magazine slot 17a for 15% to 25% of their length. As a result, only the HK437 magazine 11a with bevels 21 can be fully inserted into the HK477 magazine slot 17a and snap into place.

[0095] The same webs 22 prevent the HK433 magazine 11 from being fully inserted into the HK437 magazine slot and snapping into place, because the upper edge of the HK433 magazine 11 abuts against these webs and is prevented from doing so.

[0096] The HK433 magazine 11 (see Figure 10a) also has a stopper member 14 at the rear. There is no web or slope at the front.

[0097] Figure 13a shows the grip 7 of the HK433 from below, next to a separate barrel support 8, and Figure 13b shows the grip 7a of the HK437, the automatic loading weapon of Figure 9, from below, next to a separate barrel support.

[0098] The grip 7 of the HK433 has recesses or supports 35 for the barrel rests 8 on both sides of the bottom of the front end (see Figures 11a, 12a, and 13a). The grip 7a of the HK437 also has recesses or supports 35 for the barrel rests 8a on both sides of the bottom of the front end (see Figures 11b, 12b, and 13b).

[0099] The barrel mount 8 of the HK433 is shown from the front in Figure 14a and from above in Figure 15a. The barrel mount 8 of the HK433 has two pins 23 on either side of its rear bottom, which are perpendicular to the barrel axis of the weapon, and these pins attach the barrel mount 8 to the mount 35 on the lower receiver 7. The pins 23 of the HK433 are thinner, i.e., smaller in diameter and longer, than the pins 23a of the HK437, and are complementary to the internal dimensions of the mount 35 of the HK433.

[0100] The barrel mount 8a of the HK437 is shown from the front in Figure 14b and from above in Figure 15b. The barrel mount 8a of the HK437 also has two pins 35a on either side of the rear bottom, which are perpendicular to the barrel axis of the weapon, and these pins attach the barrel mount 8a to the mount 35a on the lower receiver 7a. The pins 35a of the HK437 are thicker, wider, and shorter than the pins 35 of the HK433, and are complementary to the internal dimensions of the mount 35a of the HK437.

[0101] Receiver 35 is complementary to the external dimensions of pin 23 of the HK433. Receiver 35a is also complementary to pin 23a of the HK437. Because pin 23 and pin 23a differ in size and shape, and because receiver 35 and receiver 35a differ in size and shape, it is impossible to attach the barrel receiver 8 of the HK433 to the lower receiver 7a of the HK437. Similarly, it is impossible to attach the barrel receiver 8a of the HK437 to the lower receiver 7 of the HK433 for the same reason.

[0102] The barrel rest 8a of the HK437 also has two webs or lugs 27a at its front, with a recess 25a between them. These lugs 27a and recess 25a house a locking element 3a and its positioning pin 5a on the barrel 2a (see Figures 18b and 19b). The locking element 3a fits into the lugs 27a so that it can slide along its outer surface until the positioning pin 5a engages with the recess 25a. The outer shape of the locking element may have a recess or bevel that is complementary to the lugs 27a.

[0103] The positioning pin 5a of the HK437 is longer and thicker than the positioning pin 5 of the HK433. Therefore, the barrel rest 8 of the HK433 cannot be attached to it, nor can the barrel nut of the HK433 be fitted. As a result, the barrel rest 8 of the HK433 cannot be attached to the locking element 8a of the HK437.

[0104] The HK433 barrel mount 8 does not have a front web or lug 27a or recess. As a result, only the HK437 barrel 2a can be reliably mounted on the HK437 barrel mount 8a.

[0105] Figure 16a shows a side view of the upper receiver 19 of the HK433 with the barrel support 8 attached. Figure 16b shows a side view of the upper receiver 19a of the HK437 with the barrel support 8a attached.

[0106] Figure 17a shows a side view of the barrel 2 of the HK433, Figure 18a shows a side view of the barrel 2 with the locking element 3 attached, and Figure 19a shows a side view of the barrel 2 with the locking element 3 attached, with a partial cutout that also shows the chamber 29.

[0107] Figure 17b shows a side view of the barrel 2a of the HK437, Figure 18b shows a side view of the barrel 2a with the locking element 3a attached, and Figure 19b shows a side view of the barrel 2a with the locking element 3a attached, with a partial cutout that also shows the chamber 29a.

[0108] These two partial cutouts specifically show that the lengths L, L'' of the sections within the locking element 3a at the end of the HK437 barrel 2a differ from the lengths La, Lb of the sections within the locking element 3 at the end of the HK433 barrel 2. Lengths L, La are the lengths of the threaded sections 33, 33a, respectively, and these ends have steps 31, 31a. The threaded section 31a of the HK437, with length La, is significantly longer than the threaded section 33 of the HK433, with length L. As a result, even if one attempts to attach the locking element 3 of the HK433 to the barrel 2a of the HK437, they cannot be fully screwed together and made into a single unit because the threaded sections of the locking element 3 of the HK433 are too short. In other words, the barrel 2a of the HK437 cannot be fully screwed into the locking element 3 of the HK433.

[0109] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the locking element 3a of the HK437 in the section of length Lb is smaller than the inner diameter of the locking element 3 of the HK433 in the section of length L''. As a result, even if one attempts to attach the locking element 3a of the HK437 to the barrel 2 of the HK433, they cannot be fully screwed together and made into a single unit. In other words, the barrel 2 of the HK433 cannot be fully screwed onto the locking element 3a of the HK437.

[0110] Figure 20a shows the ammunition feeder 37 of the magazine 11 for the assault rifle HK433 from above, and Figure 20b shows another ammunition feeder 37a of the magazine 11a for the assault rifle HK437.

[0111] These ammunition feeders 37, 37a move the ammunition cartridge upward toward the top opening of the magazine in the conventional manner by a spring (not shown) within the magazine 11, 11a, respectively, so that during conventional reloading, the ammunition cartridge can be removed from the magazine and loaded into the chamber (not shown) through a breech plug (not shown).

[0112] In principle, it is possible to fire .300 caliber Blackout / Whisper rounds (large caliber 16) from a 5.56x45 magazine (HK433 magazine 11). However, because the neck of the .300 Blackout / Whisper cartridge case is wider than that of the 5.56 round due to the bullet's caliber of 7.62, it is not possible to fully load a .300 Blackout / Whisper round into a 5.56 magazine 11, and the .300 Blackout / Whisper round will tilt, which could lead to a malfunction.

[0113] In this regard, the internal geometric shape of the .300 Blackout / Whisper magazine 11a is adapted accordingly. Furthermore, the ammunition feeder 11a is adapted to the internal geometric shape of the Blackout magazine 11a.

[0114] The safety elements of the ammunition feeders 37 and 37a within the magazines 11 and 11a are formed by labeling or markings, such as those shown for ammunition feeder 37a, or by differences in the shape and size of ammunition feeder 37 and ammunition feeder 37a, and the internal geometric shapes of magazines 11 and 11a.

[0115] Figure 21a shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the magazine for the HK433 assault rifle, which is complementary to the ammunition feeder in Figure 20a, and Figure 21b shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the magazine for the HK437 assault rifle, which is complementary to the ammunition feeder in Figure 20b.

[0116] The HK433 ammunition feeder 37 has a recess 39 on its left side, which is complementary to a first guide rib 43 for the ammunition feeder in the HK433 magazine. There is also a second recess 41, which is complementary to a second guide rib 45 for the ammunition feeder in the HK433 magazine 11. The ammunition feeder 37 also has a rear guide rib 40 at its rear end, which is complementary to a recess 47 in the rear inner wall of the magazine 11. These ribs 43, 45 and recess 47 extend along substantially the entire length of the inner wall of the magazine 11, guiding the ammunition feeder 37 within the magazine 11 as the ammunition cartridge is transferred upward. The ammunition feeder 37 is installed in the magazine 11 from below and is pushed upward by an internal spring (not shown). As the ammunition feeder 37 moves within the magazine 11, it is guided by a recess 39 that contacts two guide ribs 43, 45, and by a rear rib 40 within the recess 47. The front of the HK433 ammunition feeder 37 has another recess 51, which interacts with the front rib 49 of the HK433 magazine 11 to prevent the ammunition feeder 37 from tilting within the magazine 11.

[0117] The HK437 ammunition feeder 37a also has a first recess 39a on its left side, which is complementary to the first guide rib 43a for the ammunition feeder in the HK437 magazine. There is also a second recess 41a which is complementary to the second guide rib 45a in the HK433 magazine 11. The ammunition feeder 37a also has a rear guide rib 40a at its rear end, which is complementary to the recess 47a in the rear inner wall of the magazine 11a. These ribs 43a, 45a and recess 47a extend along substantially the entire length of the inner wall of the magazine 11a and guide the ammunition feeder 37a within the magazine 11a when the ammunition cartridge is being transferred upward. The ammunition feeder 37a is installed in the magazine 11a from below and is pushed upward by an internal spring (not shown). As the ammunition feeder 37a moves within the magazine 11a, it is guided by a recess 39a that abuts against two guide ribs 43a, 45a, and by a rear rib 40a within the recess 47a. The front of the HK437 ammunition feeder has another recess 51a, which interacts with the front rib 49a of the HK433 magazine 11 to prevent the ammunition feeder 37a from tilting within the magazine 11a.

[0118] The width B1 of the front guide between recesses 39 and 41 in the ammunition feeder 37 of the HK433 is smaller than the width B1a of the front guide between recesses 39a and 41a in the ammunition feeder 37a of the HK437. For example, width B1 can be approximately 14 mm, and width B1a can be approximately 15 mm.

[0119] Furthermore, the width B2 of the recess 41 in the ammunition feeder 37 of the HK433 is smaller than the width B2a of the recess 41 in the ammunition feeder 37a of the HK437. For example, width B2 can be approximately 3 mm, and width B2a can be approximately 7 mm, so width B2a is greater than twice width B2.

[0120] These measurements indicate that recesses 39, 41, and recesses 39a, 41a fit into the respective guide ribs in the HK433 and HK437 magazines, as well as the complementary guide ribs 43, 45, 43a, and 45a in the HK433 and HK437 magazines.

[0121] The width B3 between the guide rib 43 and the guide rib 45 of the HK433 magazine 11 is smaller than the width B3a between the guide rib 43a and the guide rib 45a of the HK437 magazine 11a. For example, the width B3 of the HK433 magazine 11 can be approximately 14 mm, and the width B3a of the HK437 magazine 11a can be approximately 16 mm.

[0122] Furthermore, the width B4 of the guide rib 45 of the HK433 magazine 11 is smaller than the width B4a of the guide rib 45a of the HK437 magazine 11a. For example, width B4 can be approximately 2 mm, and width B4a can be approximately 6 mm, so width B4a is greater than twice width B4. Naturally, these widths B1, B1a~B4, and B4a may be different.

[0123] Due to differences in the internal shape and size of the HK433 magazine 11 and the HK437 magazine 11a, and the HK433 ammunition feeder 37 and the HK437 ammunition feeder 37a, it is impossible to install the HK433 ammunition feeder 37 into the HK437 magazine 11a, or the HK437 ammunition feeder 37a into the HK433 magazine 11. The wide ammunition feeder guide ribs 43a and 45a on the inner wall of the HK437 magazine 11a prevent the HK433 ammunition feeder 37 from being installed inside it. The wide front guide B1 of the HK437 ammunition feeder 37a prevents it from being installed in the magazine chamber of the HK433 magazine 11.

[0124] These safety features prevent the attachment of the HK433 ammunition feeder 37 to the HK437 magazine 11a, or the attachment of the HK437 ammunition feeder 37a to the HK433 magazine 11, thereby preventing malfunctions.

[0125] The coding safety system obtained by the present invention, the weapon components obtained by the present invention, and the auto-loading firearms obtained by the present invention for use in the coding safety system obtained by the present invention improve the safety of auto-loading firearms of different calibers.

[0126] Those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments of the present invention from the following claims and drawings. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0127] 1. Automatic loading firearm, assault rifle HK433 1a Automatic loading firearm, assault rifle HK437 2-barrel HK433 2a HK437 gun barrel 3. Locking element HK433 3a Locking element HK437 4 Stopping member 5 Positioning pins 6. Rear end, connection section 6a Notch 7. Grip, lower receiver HK433 7a Grip, Lower Receiver HK437 8. Barrel support for HK433 8a Barrel support HK437 9. First engaging element, circumferential web 10 Second engaging element, circumferential groove 11-round magazine HK433 11a Magazine HK437 12 Magazine slot recess 13 Web 14 Stopping member 15 caliber, NATO 5.56(5.56mm×45) 16 caliber, 300 Blackout (.300 BLK) d diameter k length 17. Magazine slot not shown in Figure 6b: HK433 17a Magazine Slot HK437 19 Upper Receiver HK433 19a Upper Receiver HK437 20 Magazine base HK433 20a Magazine base HK437 21 A portion molded to fit into the web 22 22 Magazine Slot Web HK437 23-pin HK433 23a Pin HK437 25a Recess for gun barrel support HK437 27a Web for gun barrel support HK437 29 Pharmacy HK433 29a Chamber HK437 31 steps HK433 31a Step HK437 33 Threaded Section HK433 33a Threaded Section HK437 35 Tailpiece HK433 35a transition tube HK437 L, L'' length, HK433 La, Lb length, HK437 37 Bullet transmitter HK433 37a bullet transmitter HK437 39. First recess of the HK433 ammunition feeder 39a First recess of the HK437 ammunition feeder 40 Rear guide rib of the HK433 ammunition feeder 40a Rear guide rib of the HK437 ammunition feeder 41 Second recess of the HK433 ammunition feeder 41a Second recess of the HK437 ammunition feeder 43 First ammunition feeder guide rib for HK433 magazine 43a First ammunition feeder guide rib for HK437 magazine .45 Second feeder guide rib for HK433 magazine 45a Second ammunition feeder guide rib for HK437 magazine 47 Recess in the magazine wall of the HK433 47a Recess in the wall of the HK437 magazine 49 Forward rib of HK433 magazine 49a Forward rib of magazine for HK437 51 Forward recess of the HK433 ammunition feeder 51a Forward recess of the HK437 ammunition feeder Width between recess 39 and recess 41 of B1 HK433 Width between recesses 39a and 41a of B1a HK437 Width of recess 41 in B2 HK433 Width of recess 41a of B2a HK437 The width between guide rib 43 and guide rib 45 of B3 HK433 The width between guide rib 43a and guide rib 45a of B3a HK437 B4 HK433 Guide rib width 45 Width of guide rib 45a of B4a HK437

Claims

1. A coding safety system for firearms of the same type but different calibers (1, 1a) to prevent confusion of at least one component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a): - At least one first firearm (1) of a first caliber, or at least one component thereof (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a), - At least one second firearm (1a) of a second different caliber, or at least one component thereof (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a), - At least one safety element on the first and / or second firearm (1, 1a) or at least one of its components (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a), designed to prevent at least one of the first firearm (1) from being attached to the at least one second firearm (1a), and At least one second safety element on the first and / or second firearm or its at least one component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) is designed to prevent the at least one component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) from being attached to the at least one first firearm (1) A coding security system equipped with the following features.

2. The coding safety system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) on the first and / or second firearm includes at least one magazine (11, 11a), a feeder (37, 37a), a grip / lower receiver (7, 7a), an upper receiver (19, 19a), a barrel support (8, 8a), a barrel (2, 2a), a locking element (3, 3a), a breechblock, and / or a breechblock bolt.

3. The coding safety system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one first and / or second safety element is at least one mechanical structure or at least one recess on the at least one component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) that allows the assembly of the components of the same bore and prevents the assembly of the components of different bore sizes.

4. The at least one first and / or second safety element, together with the corresponding second engagement element on at least one second part (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) of the second firearm (1a) of the same caliber, provides engagement between at least two of the parts (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) for the assembly of the first or second firearm (1, 1a), and An encoding safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising an engaging element on at least one component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) that enables connection by fitting and / or fitting of shape between the first firearm and (1) the component (2a, 3a, 7a, 8a, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) of the second firearm (1a), and / or prevents connection by fitting and / or fitting of shape, and thus assembly, and the reverse.

5. The coding safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one first and / or second safety element is an enlargement or reduction of at least one part (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a).

6. The coding safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one first and / or second safety element is a visual and / or tactile marker, and / or in addition to the first and / or second safety element, there is also at least one visual and / or tactile marker.

7. The coding safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one first and / or second safety element is provided on some or all of the parts (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) of the first and second firearms (1, 1a).

8. A component (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 11, 11a, 19, 19a, 37, 37a) of a firearm (1, 1a) having at least one safety element, for use in the coded safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A first and / or second caliber firearm (1, 1a) having at least one safety element, for use in the coding safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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