Magnetization of permanent magnet modules

Abstract

To provide a method and system for magnetizing permanent magnets. [Solution] The present disclosure relates to a method for magnetizing one or more sections of permanent magnets arranged substantially in a V shape. The method includes applying a first magnetic field, which includes the steps of: activating an open-end magnetizing coil located near the open end of the V shape to generate a first magnetic flux; activating a first side magnetizing coil located on the first side of the first leg of the V shape to generate a second magnetic flux; and activating a second side magnetizing coil located on the second side of the second leg of the V shape to generate a third magnetic flux. The magnetizing coils are activated simultaneously, and the second side magnetizing coil is activated with the opposite polarity to the first side magnetizing coil.

Description

Technical Field

[0005]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method and system for magnetizing a permanent magnet. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method and system for magnetizing a permanent magnet module for an electromechanical machine, specifically a generator, more specifically a wind turbine generator.

Background Art

[0002] Electromechanical machines such as motors and generators generally include a rotor structure and a stator structure. In the case of an electromechanical machine using a permanent magnet, the permanent magnet (PM) is generally included in the rotor (although it can alternatively be arranged in the stator structure), while the winding element (e.g., a coil) is usually included in the stator (although it can alternatively be arranged in the rotor structure).

[0003] In the case of a PM generator having a magnet in the rotor, the rotation of the rotor structure under the influence of an external force creates a changing magnetic field in the winding, thereby generating electric power. In the case of a motor, electric power is supplied to the winding to move the rotor. Permanent magnet generators are generally considered to be reliable and require less maintenance than other types of generators.

[0004] Permanent magnet generators can be used, for example, in wind turbines, particularly offshore wind turbines. The prospect of less maintenance makes permanent magnet generators an attractive option, particularly for offshore wind turbines.

[0005] A wind turbine generally comprises a rotor having a rotor hub and multiple blades. The rotor is set to rotate under the influence of wind on the blades. The rotation of the rotor shaft is driven either by directly driving the generator rotor ("direct drive type") or by using a gearbox. Such a direct drive wind turbine generator can have a diameter of, for example, 6 to 8 meters (236 to 315 inches), a length of, for example, 2 to 3 meters (79 to 118 inches), and can rotate at a low speed in the range of, for example, 2 to 20 rpm (revolutions per minute). Alternatively, a permanent magnet generator may also be coupled to a gearbox that increases the rotational speed of the generator to, for example, 50 to 500 rpm or more.

[0006] The permanent magnets may be provided in a permanent magnet module that can be mounted on the rotor as a single item. A permanent magnet module may be defined as a unit having multiple permanent magnets such that multiple magnets can be mounted together on and removed together from the rotor of an electromachine. Such a module may have a module base having a shape suitable for housing or supporting multiple permanent magnets that can be fixed to a base. The base may be configured to be fixed to the rotor rim such that the multiple magnets are fixed together to the rotor rim via the module base. Thus, the use of a permanent magnet module can facilitate the manufacture of the rotor. The use of a permanent magnet module can also facilitate rotor maintenance, as if there is a problem with the magnets, the magnet module can be removed and replaced with a new module.

[0007] A permanent magnet module may have a module base formed as a stack of metal sheets that can be separated from each other by an electrically insulating material. This feature allows magnetic losses, such as eddy currents, to be reduced in the corresponding electromechanism, thereby improving the efficiency of the corresponding electromechanism.

[0008] The permanent magnets in direct-drive offshore wind turbines are generally arranged on a permanent magnet module in a flat or V-shaped configuration. However, these magnet configurations are not limited to generators for direct-drive offshore applications, nor are they limited to the field of wind turbines alone. Generators of considerable size that may have similar configurations can also be found, for example, in steam turbines and hydraulic turbines.

[0009] In a planar configuration, permanent magnets can be mounted on a flat or tangential surface of the base, substantially parallel to the (local) radial direction, i.e., the direction extending radially from the rotor center to the module. The magnets are generally bonded to the base and may be further covered by plates to improve fixation to the base. All magnets within a module typically have the same magnetic orientation, i.e., all magnets have north facing the stator, and the magnetic orientations of adjacent modules are opposite to have a radial magnetic configuration. Compared to other configurations, the area of ​​permanent magnets is generally larger in planar or tangential configurations. However, permanent magnets may detach from the base due to poor adhesion, especially in applications with long service lives or applications operating in corrosive atmospheres, such as wind turbines, particularly offshore wind turbines.

[0010] In a magnet module with a V-shaped configuration, the magnet module is positioned at an inclination with respect to the (local) radial direction, i.e., the direction extending radially from the center of the rotor to (and through) the center of the module. In these configurations, the magnets may be embedded in the base or clamped between the base and a central support fixed to the base. In these configurations, the permanent magnets may have a circumferential magnetic orientation (sometimes called a "lateral" or "tangential" magnetic flux orientation). Because the magnetic flux is more concentrated, the magnetic field and operation may be more efficient in the V-shaped configuration. However, such configurations generally require more space and therefore may have a lower module utilization rate.

[0011] The V-shape as used throughout this disclosure can be considered any shape of a magnet that resembles the letter V or an inverted letter V. The V-shape means that the permanent magnets form at least two legs that are inclined toward each other, i.e., the permanent magnets are closer to each other at one end of the magnet and further apart at the opposite end of the magnet. The two legs of the permanent magnets in a permanent magnet module may be closer to each other on the side closer to the base of the permanent magnet module, or alternatively, closer on the side closer to the air gap of the electromachine.

[0012] A permanent magnet module may include a horizontal section between its two inclined legs. This should still be considered covered by the term V-shape.

[0013] The V-shape used throughout this disclosure should also be understood to cover magnet arrangements that cover more than a single "V". For example, permanent magnet modules containing W-shaped arrangements, i.e., two adjacent "V"s, should also be considered to be covered.

[0014] The magnets used in permanent magnet modules need to be magnetized before use. In permanent magnet modules using a V-shaped configuration, pre-magnetization is generally used. Pre-magnetization means that the magnets are magnetized before the permanent magnet module is assembled. Pre-magnetization complicates the assembly process due to attractive and repulsive forces between different components. Furthermore, transporting pre-magnetized modules, for example, is more complex because it requires additional spacing and special packaging.

[0015] Nevertheless, in magnet modules with essentially V-shaped cross-sections, pre-magnetization is often used because post-magnetization (i.e., magnetization of the magnet after assembly with the rest of the module) is complex. Pre-magnetization generally requires a strong magnetic field and a large amount of energy, but even then, magnetization may not be complete.

[0016] European Patent No. 3923305 discloses a method for magnetizing a section of one or more permanent magnets arranged in a V-shape, comprising: applying a first magnetic field such that the magnetic flux lines are substantially perpendicular to a first leg of the V-shape; removing the first magnetic field; and applying a second magnetic field such that the magnetic flux lines are substantially perpendicular to a second leg of the V-shape.

[0017] This disclosure provides a system and method that overcomes at least some of the aforementioned shortcomings. [Overview of the project]

[0018] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for magnetizing one or more sections of permanent magnets arranged substantially in a V shape. The method includes applying a first magnetic field, which includes activating an open-end magnetizing coil located near the open end of the V shape to generate a first magnetic flux; activating a first side magnetizing coil located on a first side of a first leg of the V shape to generate a second magnetic flux; and activating a second side magnetizing coil located on a second side of a second leg of the V shape to generate a third magnetic flux. The magnetizing coils are activated simultaneously, and the second side coil is activated with the opposite polarity to the first side coil.

[0019] This method allows for strong magnetization of permanent magnets while the forces acting on the permanent magnet module and magnetization assembly are significantly reduced, preventing damage to the magnets and magnetization coils. Therefore, it provides a more reliable magnetization process.

[0020] The operation of one of the coils of opposite polarity generates an opposing force without significantly affecting the magnetization of the magnet, reducing the applied force by more than 50% compared to other conventional magnetization methods, and specifically by up to 66% compared to other conventional magnetization methods. Because the magnetization coils must withstand lower forces during the magnetization process, they can be designed with lower mechanical complexity. This can extend the maximum lifespan of the magnetization coils and magnetization assemblies, providing an improved method for post-magnetizing permanent magnets.

[0021] Through this disclosure, operating a coil with reverse polarity can mean changing the direction of current flow within the coil, i.e., allowing current to flow in the opposite direction compared to the direction of current flowing through other coils.

[0022] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for magnetizing a permanent magnet module having one or more magnets that are substantially V-shaped, including a first leg and a second leg. The method includes the step of positioning the permanent magnet module such that a section of the permanent magnet module is positioned below an upper magnetization coil and between a first side magnetization coil and a second side magnetization coil. In the first step, the method further includes the step of simultaneously energizing the upper magnetization coil, the first side magnetization coil and the second side magnetization coil, wherein the first side magnetization coil has opposite polarity to the second magnetization coil. The method then further includes the step of simultaneously energizing the upper magnetization coil, the first side magnetization coil and the second side magnetization coil in the second step, wherein the first and second side magnetization coils have opposite polarity to that in the first step.

[0023] In yet another aspect, there is provided a fixture comprising a passage for receiving a permanent magnet module made of a magnetic material and having a V-shaped arrangement with a first leg, a second leg, and an open end between the first leg and the second leg, an open-end magnetization coil disposed near the open end of the V-shape when the permanent magnet module is disposed in the passage, a first-side magnetization coil on a first side of the passage disposed substantially parallel to the first leg when the permanent magnet module is disposed in the passage, and a second magnetization coil on a second side of the passage disposed substantially parallel to the second leg when the permanent magnet module is disposed in the passage.

[0024] The system further comprises a control system configured to energize the open-end magnetization coil, the first-side magnetization coil, and the second-side magnetization coil to apply a first magnetic field to magnetize the first leg and to energize the open-end magnetization coil, the first-side magnetization coil, and the second-side magnetization coil to apply a second magnetic field to magnetize the second leg, wherein the first and second side magnetization coils are operated with opposite polarities when applying the first and second magnetic fields.

[0025] Further objects, advantages, and features of embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art by considering the description or may be learned by practice.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] [Figure 1] A perspective view of an example of a wind turbine is schematically shown. [Figure 2] An example of a hub and nacelle of a wind turbine is shown. [Figure 3] A system for magnetizing a permanent magnet module is schematically shown. [Figure 4] A flowchart of an example of a method for magnetizing one or more sections of a permanent magnet disposed substantially in a V-shape is shown. [Figure 5A] The direction of the magnetic flux MF created by an operating coil according to an example of the present disclosure is schematically shown. [Figure 5B] Schematically shows the magnetic flux lines according to the example of FIG. 5A. [Figure 6] Schematically shows the direction of the magnetic flux MF created by the operating coil according to another example of the present disclosure.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0027] Here, embodiments of the present disclosure will be referred to in detail, and one or more examples thereof are shown in the drawings. Each example is provided for explanation, not limitation. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the teachings. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to create further embodiments. Therefore, the present disclosure is intended to cover modifications and changes such as those within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0028] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a wind turbine 10. In this example, the wind turbine 10 is a horizontal-axis wind turbine. Alternatively, the wind turbine 10 may be a vertical-axis wind turbine. In this example, the wind turbine 10 includes a tower 15 extending from a support system 14 on the ground 2, a nacelle 16 attached to the tower 15, and a rotor 18 coupled to the nacelle 16. The rotor 18 includes a rotatable hub 20 and at least one rotor blade 22 coupled to the hub 20 and extending outwardly from the hub 20. In this example, the rotor 18 has three rotor blades 22. In alternative embodiments, the rotor 18 includes more or fewer than three rotor blades 22. The tower 15 may be made of tubular steel to define a cavity (not shown in FIG. 1) between the support system 14 and the nacelle 16. In alternative embodiments, the tower 15 is any suitable type of tower having any suitable height. According to an alternative form, the tower may be a hybrid tower comprising a concrete part and a tubular steel part. Also, the tower may be a partial or complete lattice tower.

[0029] The rotor blades 22 are spaced apart around the hub 20 to facilitate the rotation of the rotor 18 and to allow kinetic energy to be transferred from the wind to usable mechanical energy, and subsequently to electrical energy. The rotor blades 22 are fitted to the hub 20 by coupling the blade root portions 24 to the hub 20 with a plurality of load transfer regions 26. The load transfer regions 26 may have hub load transfer regions and blade load transfer regions (neither of which are shown in Figure 1). The load induced on the rotor blades 22 is transferred to the hub 20 via the load transfer regions 26.

[0030] In the example, the rotor blades 22 may have lengths ranging from about 15 meters (m) to about 90 meters or more. The rotor blades 22 may have any suitable length that allows the wind turbine 10 to function as described herein. For example, non-limiting examples of blade lengths include lengths of 20 m or less, 37 m, 48.7 m, 50.2 m, 52.2 m, or more than 91 m. When wind strikes the rotor blades 22 from the wind direction 28, the rotor 18 rotates around the rotor axis 30. As the rotor blades 22 rotate and are subjected to centrifugal force, the rotor blades 22 are also subjected to various forces and moments. Thus, the rotor blades 22 may deflect and / or rotate from a neutral or non-deflected position to a deflected position.

[0031] Furthermore, the pitch system 32 can change the pitch angle of the rotor blades 22, i.e., the angle that determines the orientation of the rotor blades 22 relative to the wind direction, thereby adjusting the angular position of at least one rotor blade 22 relative to the wind vector, and thereby controlling the load and the power generated by the wind turbine 10. The pitch axis 34 of the rotor blades 22 is shown. During the operation of the wind turbine 10, the pitch system 32 can specifically change the pitch angle of the rotor blades 22 so that the angle of attack of (part of) the rotor blades is reduced, thereby facilitating a reduction in rotational speed and / or facilitating a stall of the rotor 18.

[0032] In this example, the blade pitch of each rotor blade 22 is controlled individually by the wind turbine controller 36 or the pitch control system. Alternatively, the blade pitch of all rotor blades 22 may be controlled simultaneously by the control system.

[0033] Furthermore, in this example, as the wind direction 28 changes, the nacelle 16 can be rotated around the yaw axis 38 to position the rotor relative to the wind direction 28.

[0034] In this example, the wind turbine controller 36 is shown as being concentrated within the nacelle 16, but the wind turbine controller 36 may be a distributed system located throughout the wind turbine 10, on the support system 14, within the wind power plant, and / or in a remote control center. The wind turbine controller 36 includes a processor 40 configured to perform the methods and / or steps described herein. Furthermore, many of the other components described herein include processors.

[0035] As used herein, the term “processor” is not limited to integrated circuits referred to as computers in the prior art, but broadly includes controllers, microcontrollers, microcomputers, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), application-specific integrated circuits, and other programmable circuits, and these terms are used interchangeably herein. It should be understood that a processor and / or control system may further include memory, input channels, and / or output channels.

[0036] Figure 2 shows a simplified internal cross-sectional view of the nacelle 16 and rotor hub 20 of a direct-drive wind turbine 10. As shown, the generator 3 may be coupled to the rotor hub 20 of the wind turbine 10 to generate electricity from the rotational energy produced. Thus, the generator 3 is directly driven by the rotation of the rotor hub 20. Other wind turbine configurations that use a gearbox between the wind turbine rotor and the generator are also known.

[0037] It should be understood that the frame 1 and generator 3 can generally be supported by a support frame or bed plate 17 located at the top of the wind turbine tower 15. The bed plate 17 may be the bottom portion of the frame 1, or it may be joined to the bottom flange of the frame 1. The bed plate 17 is rotatably mounted on the wind turbine tower 15, allowing the nacelle to rotate around the yaw axis (shown in Figure 1).

[0038] The direct-drive wind turbine 10 in Figure 2 includes a generator 3 mounted on a frame 1. The generator 3 comprises a generator stator 33 and a generator rotor 31 configured to rotate around a rotation axis 30. The frame 1 in this example comprises a rear frame or rear frame portion 19 and a front frame or a frame 13 projecting forward. The front frame 13 may be formed integrally with the rear frame 19 or separately from the rear frame. If formed separately, fasteners 4, such as bolts, may join the front frame 13 to the rear frame. In this example, the front frame 13 extends forward beyond the generator 3. The rear frame joins the front frame 13 to the tower 15.

[0039] The rear portion of frame 1 is sometimes called the main frame. The main frame can transmit the loads and vibrations acting on the rotor 18 of the wind turbine 10 to the tower 15 of the wind turbine 10. See Figure 1. The main frame may be made of cast steel. The main frame may have a bottom opening, a front opening, and a rear opening. The bottom opening can allow a passage between the main frame and the inside of the tower 15, the front opening can allow a passage between the main frame and the inside 21 of the rotor hub 20, for example, through the front portion 13, and the rear opening can allow a passage between the main frame and the inside of the nacelle 16.

[0040] In this example, the front frame 13 is attached to and supports the generator stator 33. The front frame 13 further supports the rotatable shaft 52.

[0041] In Figure 2, the front frame 13 is an internal structure, and the rotatable shaft 52 is an external structure. In another example, the front frame 13 may be an external structure, and the rotatable shaft 52 may be an internal structure. In both examples, the internal and external structures can rotate relative to each other around the rotation axis 30.

[0042] The rotatable shaft 52 is rotatably supported by the front frame 13 via a front bearing 55 and a rear bearing 56. Both the front and rear bearings may have rolling elements such as balls or rollers. In some examples, the bearings may include double tapered roller bearings. In other examples, the bearings may be journal bearings.

[0043] The rotating shaft 52 may be operably connected to the rotor hub 20 via the generator rotor 31. The latter can be achieved, for example, by a series of bolts 4. The bolts 4 may join the rotor hub 20, the outer structure 52, and the generator rotor 31 to each other such that at least a portion of the generator rotor 31 is sandwiched between the rotor hub 20 and the outer structure 52. This joining in this example allows the rotational motion of the rotor hub 20 to be transmitted to the outer structure 52 via the generator rotor 31. In another example, the joining may be achieved by any suitable fasteners available or by welding.

[0044] Figure 3 schematically shows a system for magnetizing a permanent magnet module 100, which has permanent magnets with a substantially V-shaped axial configuration.

[0045] The system shown in Figure 3 comprises a fixture 60 made of a magnetic material. The magnetic material used herein can be understood to be any ferromagnetic material. One suitable material for the fixture is steel.

[0046] The fixing device 60 is provided with a passage 66, and the permanent magnet module 100 can be provided in the passage 66 such that a section of the permanent magnet module 100 is positioned inside the fixing device 60.

[0047] As shown in the example in Figure 3, the permanent magnet module 100 comprises a first inclined magnet portion 41, a second inclined magnet portion 42, and a horizontal magnet portion 43. The first inclined magnet portion 41 and the second inclined magnet portion 42 each form a V-shaped first leg and a V-shaped second leg.

[0048] The first and second inclined magnet portions 41 and 42 are substantially rectangular in cross-section in the axial direction. In other examples, the first and second inclined magnet portions 41 and 42 may have substantially trapezoidal cross-sections. Furthermore, the horizontal magnet portion 43 has a rectangular cross-section with chamfered edges.

[0049] In this specification, an axial cross-section can be defined as a cross-section having a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, where the axis of rotation extends along the axial direction of the electromachine, i.e., the plane is defined by the radial direction.

[0050] Permanent magnets may be made from, for example, AlNiCo steel (aluminum-nickel-cobalt), rare earth magnetic materials such as neodymium (NdFeB) or samarium-cobalt, or from, for example, ceramic materials.

[0051] The permanent magnet module 100 may comprise several first permanent magnets 41 arranged in a row along the axis, or second permanent magnets 42 arranged in a row along the axis, or third permanent magnets 43 arranged in a row along the axis. The axial lengths of these magnets may be similar.

[0052] It is clear that other examples of the permanent magnet module 100 do not necessarily have to include the horizontal magnets 43 near the vertices of the V-shape.

[0053] As shown in the example in Figure 3, the permanent magnet module 100 further comprises a base that extends radially from the bottom to the top, which at least partially supports the permanent magnets 41, 42, and 43 and is adapted to be positioned on the rotor of an electromachine.

[0054] The base in the example shown in Figure 3 comprises an upper pole piece 45, a first lateral wing 46, and a second lateral wing 47. The upper pole piece 45 has a substantially trapezoidal axial cross-section with a long side parallel to the short side and a first and second lateral side connecting the long side to the short side. In this example, the horizontal magnet portion 43 is attached to the short side of the upper pole piece, the first permanent magnet 41 is attached to the first lateral side of the upper pole piece, and the second permanent magnet is attached to the second lateral side of the upper pole piece.

[0055] In this example, the first lateral wing 46 and the second lateral wing 47 have substantially right-angled triangular cross-sections. In this embodiment, the first permanent magnet 41 may be positioned between the inclined edge of the first lateral wing 46 and one of the inclined edges of the upper pole piece 45, and the second permanent magnet 42 may be positioned between the inclined edge of the second lateral wing 47 and the other of the inclined edge of the upper pole piece 45. Thus, the first permanent magnet 41 may be attached to the inclined edge of the first lateral wing 46 and one of the inclined edges of the upper pole piece 45, and the second permanent magnet 42 may be attached to the other of the inclined edge of the upper pole piece 45. The attachment may be, for example, by glue or bond.

[0056] The system for magnetizing the permanent magnet module further comprises an open-end magnetization coil 61 located in a section of the passage 66, a first side magnetization coil 63 located on a first side of the passage 66, and a second side magnetization coil 62 located on a substantially second side of the passage 66.

[0057] In this way, when the section of the permanent magnet module 100, which includes permanent magnets 41, 42, and 43 having substantially V-shaped cross-sections, is received into the passage 66, the first side magnetization coil 63 is positioned next to the first V-shaped leg 41, and the second side magnetization coil 62 is positioned next to the second V-shaped leg 42. The open-end magnetization coil 61 is positioned near the open end of the V-shape.

[0058] In some examples, the first side magnetization coil 63 may be positioned substantially parallel to the first leg 41 of the V-shape, and the second side magnetization coil 62 may be positioned substantially parallel to the second leg 42 of the V-shape. Furthermore, the open-end magnetization coil 61 may be positioned substantially parallel to the apex of the V-shape. In other examples, the open-end magnetization coil 61 may be positioned substantially parallel to one of the first and second side magnetization coils 62, 63. In yet another example, the open-end magnetization coil 61 may be positioned substantially perpendicular to the apex of the V-shape.

[0059] The V-shaped first and second legs 41, 42 may have north facing inward towards the magnet and south facing outward towards the magnet. When in use, this arrangement forces the magnetic flux toward the stator. The “neighboring” permanent magnet module in the electromachine may have south facing inward towards the legs and north facing outward towards the legs.

[0060] In the example shown in Figure 3, the magnets of the permanent magnet module 100 exhibit a (non-reversed) V configuration, and as a result, the open-end magnetization coil 61 is the upper coil located in the upper section of the passage 66.

[0061] Coils 61, 62, and 63 are energized to magnetize magnets 41, 42, and 43. When current C flows through coils 61, 62, and 63, a magnetic field can be created inside the coils. This generates magnetic forces Fx and Fy in the magnetizer fixture.

[0062] One aspect of this disclosure provides a method 400 for magnetizing sections of one or more permanent magnets 41, 42, 43 arranged substantially in a V-shape. Figure 4 shows a flowchart of method 400.

[0063] Method 400 includes steps of applying a first magnetic field, which include: step 402 activating an open-end magnetization coil 61 located near the open end of a V-shape to generate a first magnetic flux MF 61; step 404 activating a first side magnetization coil 63 located on the first side of the first leg 41 of the V-shape to generate a second magnetic flux MF 63; and step 406 activating a second side magnetization coil 62 located on the second side of the second leg 42 of the V-shape to generate a third magnetic flux MF 62. The magnetization coils 61, 62, and 63 are activated simultaneously, and the second side magnetization coil 62 is activated with the opposite polarity to the first side magnetization coil 63.

[0064] When a side magnet is magnetized, a high magnetic force is generated. A coil connected in the opposite direction (such as one that generates a magnetic field near the other side magnet in the opposite direction to the other coil) can reduce the force during the magnetization process. The repulsive effect of magnetic fields can be achieved by coils of opposite polarity. In the illustrated example, the magnetization of a portion of the permanent magnet can be effectively carried out while substantially reducing the force. A magnetic field of opposite polarity does not affect the magnetization of any portion of the permanent magnet.

[0065] Because the magnetizer coil can handle lower forces, the reliability of the magnetization process is increased, and the coil lifespan can be extended. Post-magnetization of permanent magnets can be performed without the drawbacks of conventional techniques.

[0066] The system may further include a power supply for energizing the magnetic coils 61, 62, and 63, and a system for reversing the polarity of the coils, i.e., reversing the direction of the current in the coils. In some examples, the magnetization coils can be operated, for example, by discharging an electric capacitor.

[0067] The magnetomotive force (MMF) current applied to magnetize the permanent magnet may be 300 to 650 kiloampere-turns (kAt). In particular, the magnetomotive force applied to the open-end magnetization coil 61 may be 350 to 650 kAt, more specifically 450 to 550 kAt, and more specifically about 500 kAt.

[0068] In some examples, the step of activating the first and second side magnetization coils may include applying a magnetomotive force of 60-90% of the magnetomotive force applied to activate the open-end magnetization coil, specifically 70-80% of the magnetomotive force applied to activate the open-end magnetization coil. In some examples, the magnetomotive force applied to the first and second side magnetization coils 63, 62 may be in the range of 300-500 kAt, specifically about 350-450 kAt, and more specifically about 400 kAt.

[0069] In some examples, the first magnetic field may include magnetic flux lines substantially perpendicular to the first leg of the V-shape. The first leg of the V-shape may be magnetized.

[0070] In some examples, the step of applying a first magnetic field may include the step of activating a second side coil 62 with opposite polarity to the open-end magnetization coil 61 and the first side coil 63, such that the magnetic flux lines are substantially perpendicular to the first V-shaped leg 41.

[0071] In other examples, the step of applying a first magnetic field may include the step of operating the first side coil 63 with opposite polarity to the open-end magnetization coil 61 and the second side coil 62, such that the magnetic flux lines are substantially perpendicular to the second leg 42 of the V shape.

[0072] Figure 5A schematically shows the direction of the magnetic flux MF produced by each of the coils 61, 62, and 63 of the system shown in Figure 3, where, in one example, the second side coil 62 has opposite polarity to the other coils 61 and 63.

[0073] As can be seen from the schematic diagram, the direction of the current in the magnetic flux MF produced by the second side coil 62 is opposite to the direction of the current in the magnetic flux MF produced by the first side coil 63. The currents in coils 63 and 62 may have similar magnitudes, for example 400 kA, but may be applied in opposite directions. The forces produced within the magnetic fixture are relatively low; for example, the force Fx in the x-direction may be 29 kN and the force Fy in the y-direction may be 70 kN.

[0074] Figure 5B schematically shows the magnetic flux lines generated by the magnetic flux MF shown in Figure 5A. In particular, Figure 5B shows the magnetic flux lines during a magnetization pulse, i.e., during a short period in which current is delivered through the coil.

[0075] Figure 5B illustrates in detail how the magnetic flux lines can be positioned substantially in the magnetization direction relative to the first V-shaped leg 41. Since the second coil 62 is operated with opposite polarity compared to the other coils, the magnetic flux lines are substantially perpendicular to the first V-shaped leg 41.

[0076] The magnetization pulse is not very effective on the second leg and apex of the V-shape because the magnetic field is not perpendicular to the second leg and apex of the V-shape, i.e., the magnetic flux lines are not aligned along the desired magnetization direction.

[0077] In some examples, the first magnetic field may be applied for a period of 1 to 50 ms, specifically 5 to 20 ms.

[0078] After the first pulse, i.e., after the first magnetic field is applied, a second magnetic field can be applied such that the magnetic flux lines are substantially perpendicular to the second leg of the V-shape.

[0079] Therefore, method 400 may further include the step of removing the first magnetic field and applying a second magnetic field by simultaneously operating the open-end magnetization coil 61, the first side magnetization coil 63, and the second side magnetization coil 62. The first and second magnetization coils may be operated with opposite polarity compared to when the first magnetic field is applied. Thus, the second magnetic field may include magnetic flux lines substantially perpendicular to the second V-shaped portion.

[0080] In some examples, the first pulse may be directed specifically to a first V-shaped leg, for example, the right leg 41, and the second pulse may be directed specifically to a second V-shaped leg, for example, the left leg 42.

[0081] Figure 6 schematically shows the direction of the magnetic flux MF produced by each of the coils 61, 62, and 63 of the system shown in Figure 3, where, in one example, the first side coil 63 has opposite polarity to the other coils 61 and 62. As a result, a magnetic flux line substantially perpendicular to the second V-shaped leg 42, in this example to the left V-shaped leg, can be obtained, while the force produced within the magnetic fixture is relatively low.

[0082] In the illustrated example, the permanent magnets arranged in a V-shape are part of a permanent magnet module, but in other examples, the V-shape of the magnets may be found in other applications.

[0083] After magnetizing a first section of permanent magnets arranged in a substantially V-shape, subsequent sections can be magnetized. The method may further include the step of moving the permanent magnet module axially before magnetizing further sections of the permanent magnets.

[0084] In some examples, after magnetizing one section of the permanent magnet module 100, the permanent magnet module 100 can be displaced axially relative to the fixture 60. Subsequently, the remaining sections of the module can be magnetized. In each magnetization step, a length of, for example, 5 to 30 cm, specifically 10 to 20 cm, of the module may be magnetized. The length of the permanent magnet module 100 may be, for example, 50 cm to 2 meters, specifically about 1 meter.

[0085] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for magnetizing a permanent magnet module having one or more magnets that are substantially V-shaped, including a first leg and a second leg.

[0086] The method includes the step of positioning the permanent magnet module 100 such that a section of the permanent magnet module is positioned below the upper magnetization coil 61 and between the first side magnetization coil 63 and the second side magnetization coil 62. The method further includes, in the first step, energizing the upper magnetization coil 61, the first side magnetization coil 63 and the second side magnetization coil 62 simultaneously, wherein the first side magnetization coil has opposite polarity to the second magnetization coil. The method then further includes, in the second step, energizing the upper magnetization coil 61, the first side magnetization coil 63 and the second side magnetization coil 62 simultaneously, wherein the first and second side magnetization coils 63 and 62 have opposite polarity to those in the first step.

[0087] In some examples, the method may further include the step of rearranging the permanent magnet module such that another section of the permanent magnet module 100 is positioned below the upper magnetization coil 63.

[0088] The upper magnetization coil and the first and second side magnetization coils may be arranged in channels within the magnetic fixture. In some examples, the method may include the step of moving the permanent module 100 through the passage of the fixture 60. In some examples, the step of repositioning the permanent magnet module may include sliding the permanent magnet module within the fixture.

[0089] A permanent magnet module can be rearranged so that subsequent sections of the module can be magnetized. This process can continue along the entire length of the permanent magnet module until it is magnetized.

[0090] Magnetized permanent magnet modules can be used in electromechanical devices, particularly generators. Permanent magnet modules can be used in wind turbine generators. In some examples, the generator may be a direct wind turbine generator.

[0091] In further aspects of the present disclosure, a system is provided. The system comprises a fixture 60 having a passage 66 for receiving a permanent magnet module 100, which comprises permanent magnets 41, 42, 43 arranged in a V-shape and made of a magnetic material, having a first leg 41 and a second leg 42 and an open end between the first leg and the second leg. The system further comprises an open-end magnetization coil 61 positioned near the V-shaped open end when the permanent magnet module is positioned in the passage 66, a first side magnetization coil 63 on a first side of the passage arranged substantially parallel to the first leg when the permanent magnet module 100 is positioned in the passage 66, and a second magnetization coil 62 on a second side of the passage arranged substantially parallel to the second leg when the permanent magnet module 100 is positioned in the passage 66. The system further comprises a control system for energizing the open-end magnetization coil 61, the first side magnetization coil 63 and the second side magnetization coil 62 according to any example of the method 400 described above.

[0092] This specification discloses the teachings, including preferred embodiments, using examples, and enables a person skilled in the art to practice the teachings, including by fabricating and using any device or system and by performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope is defined by the claims and may include other examples that are recognizable to a person skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements that do not substantially differ from the language of the claims. A person skilled in the art can construct further embodiments and techniques in accordance with the principles of this application by combining and adapting aspects from the various embodiments described above and other known equivalents for each such aspect. Where reference numerals related to the drawings are placed in parentheses within the claims, those reference numerals are merely for clarity of the claims and should not be construed as limiting the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0093] 1 frame 2 ground 3 Generators 4. Fasteners, bolts 10 Wind Turbines 13 Front frame, front section 14 Support System 15 Towers 16 Nacer 17 Bed Plate 18 rotors 19. Rear frame, rear frame section 20 Hubs 21 Inside 22 rotor blades 24. Blade base 26 Load transfer region 28 wind direction 30 Rotation axis 31 Generator Rotor 32 Pitch System 33 Generator Stator 34 Pitch axis 36 Wind Turbine Controller 38 Yaw axis 40 processors 41 First inclined magnet section, first permanent magnet, first leg section 42 Second inclined magnet section, second permanent magnet, second leg section 43 Horizontal magnet, horizontal magnet section, third permanent magnet 45 Upper pole piece 46. ​​First lateral wing 47. Second lateral wing 52 Rotating shaft, external structure 55 Front bearing 56 Rear bearing 60 Fixtures 61 Open-end magnetization coil, upper magnetization coil 62 Second side magnetization coil 63 First side magnetization coil 66 aisles 100 Permanent Magnet Modules MF61 First Magnetic Flux MF63 Second Magnetic Flux MF62 Third Magnetic Flux

Claims

1. A method (400) for magnetizing a section of one or more permanent magnets (41, 42, 43) arranged substantially in a V shape, comprising the step of applying a first magnetic field, wherein the step of applying the first magnetic field is Step (402) involves activating an open-end magnetization coil (61) positioned near the V-shaped open end to generate a first magnetic flux (MF61), Step (404) involves activating a first side magnetization coil (63) positioned on the first side of the V-shaped first leg (41) to generate a second magnetic flux (MF63), Step (406) involves activating the second side magnetization coil (62) located on the second side of the V-shaped second leg (42) to generate a third magnetic flux (MF62), and Includes, The magnetization coils (61, 62, 63) are operated simultaneously, and the second side magnetization coil (62) is operated with the opposite polarity to the first side magnetization coil (63). Method (400).

2. The method according to claim 1 (400), wherein the first magnetic field includes magnetic flux lines substantially perpendicular to the first leg (41) of the V-shape.

3. The first step of removing the magnetic field, A step of applying a second magnetic field by simultaneously operating the open-end magnetization coil (61), the first side magnetization coil (63), and the second side magnetization coil (62), wherein the first side coil and the second side coil (63, 62) are operated with the opposite polarity to when the first magnetic field is applied. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising (400).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 (400), wherein the permanent magnets (41, 42) arranged substantially in a V shape are part of a permanent magnet module (100).

5. The method according to claim 4 (400), wherein the permanent magnet module (100) comprises a first inclined magnet portion (41), a second inclined magnet portion (42), and a horizontal magnet portion (43).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 (400), wherein the first magnetic field is applied for a period of 1 to 50 ms, specifically 5 to 20 ms.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 (400), wherein the first side magnetization coil (63) is arranged substantially parallel to the V-shaped first leg (41), and the second side magnetization coil (62) is arranged substantially parallel to the V-shaped second leg (42).

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 (400), wherein the open-end magnetization coil (61) is arranged substantially parallel to the vertices of the V-shape.

9. A method for magnetizing a permanent magnet module (100) having one or more substantially V-shaped magnets (41, 42, 43) including a first leg (41) and a second leg (42), The steps include positioning the permanent magnet module (100) such that a section of the permanent magnet module (100) is positioned below the upper magnetization coil (61) and between the first side magnetization coil (63) and the second side magnetization coil (62), A step of performing the method according to claim 3 Methods that include...

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the upper magnetization coil (61) and the first and second side magnetization coils (63, 62) are arranged in a channel within a magnetic fixture.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising the step of rearranging the permanent magnet module (100) such that another portion of the permanent magnet module (100) is positioned below the upper magnetization coil (61).

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the permanent magnet module (100) includes a horizontal magnet (43) near the apex of the V-shape.

13. A fixing device (60) having a passage (66) for receiving a permanent magnet module (100) made of magnetic material and comprising a V-shaped arrangement of permanent magnets (41, 42, 43) having a first leg (41) and a second leg (42), and an open end between the first leg and the second leg, When the permanent magnet module (100) is positioned in the passage (66), an open-end magnetization coil (61) is positioned near the V-shaped open end, When the permanent magnet module (100) is positioned in the passage (66), the first side magnetization coil (63) is positioned substantially parallel to the first leg portion (41) on the first side surface of the passage (66), When the permanent magnet module (100) is positioned in the passage, the second side magnetization coil (62) is located on the second side surface of the passage (66) and is substantially parallel to the second leg portion (42), A control system for energizing the open-end magnetization coil (61), the first side magnetization coil (63), and the second side magnetization coil (62) to apply a first magnetic field and magnetize the first leg portion (41), A control system for energizing the open-end magnetization coil (61), the first side magnetization coil (63), and the second side magnetization coil (62) to apply a second magnetic field and magnetize the second leg portion (42), Equipped with, A system in which the first and second side magnetization coils (63, 62) are operated in opposite polarities when the first and second magnetic fields are applied.

14. The system according to claim 13, further comprising a transport system for moving the permanent magnet module (100) through the passage (66).

15. The system according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the control system comprises a power supply for energizing the magnetization coil and a system for reversing the polarity of the coil.

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