Fire extinguishing and fire spread prevention agent composition and fire extinguishing and fire spread prevention agent containing the same

Abstract

The present invention provides a fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition that has a low environmental impact and is suitable for extinguishing and suppressing the spread (preventing re-ignition) of large-scale fires such as forest fires, and a fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor using the same. [Solution] A fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressant composition characterized by comprising 5 to 40% by mass of a phosphorus salt, 0.1 to 20% by mass of a potassium salt that generates potassium radicals by thermal energy, and a dispersion medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing and spread prevention agent composition suitable for extinguishing large-scale fires such as forest fires and suppressing fire spread, and a fire extinguishing and spread prevention agent containing the same.

Background Art

[0002] With the recent global warming, drying has progressed in warm regions, the frequency of forest fires has increased, and problems such as the expansion of the scale of fires have become apparent. Technologies related to extinguishing and suppressing the spread of large-scale fires such as forest fires on a global scale are in demand.

[0003] Here, typical fire extinguishing agents known conventionally include water, powder fire extinguishing agents, strengthening liquids, foam fire extinguishing agents, etc. Water is the most frequently used as an inexpensive fire extinguishing agent, but there is a risk that the combustible (object to be extinguished) that should have been extinguished with water may reignite after the evaporation of water. The powder fire extinguishing agent containing an ammonia component suppresses the chain reaction of combustion by ammonia radicals generated by thermal decomposition and exhibits fire extinguishing ability, but depending on the wind direction, it may interfere with fire extinguishing and suppressing the spread of fire.

[0004] In addition, the strengthening liquid has the effect of extinguishing Class A fires and the effect of saponifying oil in Class B fires to extinguish them, but it may dry and powder on the surface of the extinguished combustible (object to be extinguished) and may not necessarily prevent reignition. The foam fire extinguishing agent exhibits fire extinguishing ability by the cooling effect due to the heat of vaporization of water and the asphyxiation effect by covering the surface of the combustible (object to be extinguished) with foam. However, since it contains a surfactant, the impact on the environmental load is regarded as a problem.

[0005] On the other hand, for example, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-201920), "a heat-sensitive inorganic composition fire extinguishing agent for metal fires or a heat-sensitive inorganic composition fire spread suppressant containing an alkali metal silicate compound, 0 to 26 parts by weight of aluminum silicate with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of silicon dioxide of the alkali metal silicate compound, and water." has been proposed.

Prior Art Documents

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-201920 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] However, the inorganic fire suppressant described in Patent Document 1 is specialized for metal fires and, from the standpoint of the environmental burden on the materials used, is not necessarily suitable for extinguishing and suppressing the spread of large-scale fires such as forest fires.

[0008] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition that has a low environmental impact and is suitable for extinguishing and suppressing the spread (preventing re-ignition) of large-scale fires such as forest fires, and a fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor using the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the inventors conducted numerous experiments on the components and formulations of fire extinguishing agents. As a result, they discovered that by combining phosphate and potassium salts and adjusting the formulation ratio within a specific range, it is effective in realizing a fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression agent composition that has a low environmental impact and is suitable for extinguishing and suppressing the spread (preventing re-ignition) of large-scale fires such as forest fires. This led to the present invention.

[0010] In other words, the present invention relates to a fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression agent composition characterized by comprising a phosphorus salt, a potassium salt, and a dispersion medium.

[0011] Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressing agent composition of the present invention having the above configuration, it is preferable that the phosphorus salt contains monoammonium phosphate and disammonium phosphate, and that the potassium salt is a compound that generates potassium radicals upon thermal energy. It is also preferable that the dispersant contains water.

[0012] Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition of the present invention having the above configuration, it is preferable that the composition contains 5 to 50% by mass of the phosphorus salt and 0.1 to 20% by mass of the potassium salt. The remainder may be a dispersion medium and other optional additives. It goes without saying that the total amount of all components in the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition is 100% by mass.

[0013] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a fire suppressant characterized by comprising the above-described fire suppressant composition of the present invention and a container for containing the fire suppressant composition.

[0014] In the fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressing agent of the present invention having the above configuration, it is preferable that the container is made of biodegradable plastic. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition that has a low environmental impact and is suitable for extinguishing and suppressing the spread (preventing re-ignition) of large-scale fires such as forest fires, and a fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor using the same. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0016] The following describes in detail typical embodiments of the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition of the present invention and the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor using the same. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various variations are conceivable within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention, all of which are included in the present invention.

[0017] <Fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression agent composition> The fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressing agent composition according to the present invention is characterized by mainly comprising (A) a phosphorus salt, (B) a potassium salt, and (C) a dispersion medium. These components will be described below.

[0018] (A) Phosphate Phosphates have the effect of preventing re-ignition due to carbonization of the wood surface. Examples of phosphates include ammonium phosphate such as monoammonium phosphate, dammonium phosphate, and triammonium phosphate; sodium phosphate such as monosodium phosphate, dodium phosphate, and trisodium phosphate; potassium phosphate such as monopotassium phosphate, dodium phosphate, and tripotassium phosphate; phosphates; guanylate phosphate; urea phosphate; amide phosphate; phosphate esters; and dimethyl phosphate.

[0019] In particular, ammonium phosphate salts are preferred from the viewpoint of having a high fire-spread prevention effect when coating objects that are combustible (objects to be extinguished) at high temperatures, and it is even more preferable to use monoammonium phosphate and dammonium phosphate in combination.

[0020] In the fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression agent composition of the present invention, the phosphorus content is preferable as the amount increases in order to achieve a higher effect, but from the viewpoint of handling and sprayability, it is preferable to use the maximum amount that can be contained in an aqueous solution. For example, 5 to 50% by mass is sufficient, and more preferably 10 to 40% by mass.

[0021] Furthermore, when using monoammonium phosphate and dammonium phosphate in combination as phosphate salts, the mixing ratio of monoammonium phosphate to dammonium phosphate should be 1 to 3:1 to 10 by mass, and preferably 1 to 3:2 to 8.

[0022] (B) Potassium salt The potassium salt is a compound that generates potassium radicals by thermal energy, and its anti-inflammatory property is improved by the negative catalytic effect of potassium radicals. Examples of the potassium salt include potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium hydroxide, potassium acetate, potassium propionate, monopotassium citrate, dipotassium citrate, tripotassium citrate, monopotassium trihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dipotassium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tripotassium monohydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, dipotassium phthalate, potassium hydrogen oxalate, dipotassium oxalate, potassium bicarbonate, and the like.

[0023] Among them, from the viewpoint of a water-soluble potassium-containing compound used in an aerosol fire extinguishing agent, it is preferable to use potassium bicarbonate or tripotassium citrate.

[0024] From the viewpoint that it is desirable that the content of the potassium salt in the fire extinguishing and flame spread inhibitor composition of the present invention is larger in aerosol generation amount and solubility, it may be 0.1 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 10% by mass.

[0025] (C) Dispersion medium The dispersion medium contains and disperses or dissolves the phosphorus salt (A) and the potassium salt (B), and also exhibits a cooling effect. Examples of such a dispersion medium include water (including all transparent liquids generally called water such as tap water, filtered water, ion-exchanged water, distilled water, pure water, etc.), seawater, river water, lake water, groundwater, well water, and the like.

[0026] Among them, water is preferable from the viewpoint that more of the phosphorus salt and potassium salt, which are fire extinguishing components, can be dissolved and the content of ions and fine particles is less so as not to form solids. Further, the dispersion medium occupies the remainder other than the phosphorus salt (A), the potassium salt (B), and any optional additive component (D) described later in the fire extinguishing and flame spread inhibitor composition of the present invention.

[0027] (D) Optional additive component The fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressing agent composition of the present invention may contain other optional components, as long as they do not significantly impair the effects of the present invention. Examples of such optional additives include salts and borates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals other than potassium, as well as nitrates, silicates, sulfates, etc. The amount of optional additives added may also be within a range that does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention.

[0028] <Fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor> Next, the present invention also relates to a fire suppressant characterized by comprising a fire suppressant composition having the above-described configuration and a container for containing the fire suppressant composition. This allows the fire suppressant composition contained in the container to be injected or dropped into the area to be extinguished, resulting in excellent fire extinguishing workability and handling.

[0029] Here, any container capable of containing the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition of the present invention can be used as the container; however, considering that the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor will eventually return to nature, it is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental impact that the container be made of biodegradable plastic.

[0030] Examples of such biodegradable plastics include microbially biodegradable plastics such as biopolyesters (e.g., PHB / V), bacterial cellulose, and microbial polysaccharides (e.g., pullulan, curdlan); aliphatic polyesters (e.g., polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene succinate, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid); polyvinyl alcohol; polyamino acids (e.g., PMLG); other chemically synthesized biodegradable plastics such as polyurethane and nylon oligomers; and natural biodegradable plastics such as chitosan and cellulose.

[0031] The form of the above-mentioned container is not particularly limited, and any container that can contain the fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressing agent composition of the present invention and withstand dropping or spraying is acceptable. Examples of various forms include bags, boxes, bottles, spheres, tubes, microcapsules, a gelled form of the chemical, a form in which the chemical is impregnated into a porous body, and a form in which the chemical is frozen. The container may also be flexible or rigid. [Examples]

[0032] To evaluate the fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression properties of the fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression agent compositions of the present invention, fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression agent compositions 1 to 12 were prepared by mixing the components shown in Table 1, and the following evaluation tests were conducted.

[0033] [Evaluation Test] (1) Fire extinguishability For each of the fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression agent compositions 1 to 12, using the first model (A-2) specified in the ministerial ordinance establishing technical standards for fire extinguishers, a total discharge rate of 60-75 L / min·m was applied from four discharge ports. 3 The fire extinguishing effect was determined by whether or not the substance extinguished fires when sprayed from a height of 10m for 8 seconds. The results are shown in Table 1. (2) Fire spread suppression For each of the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor compositions 1 to 12, the fire spread inhibitory effect was determined by whether or not there was inflammation suppression by preventing re-ignition for 2 minutes after the predetermined fire extinguishing method described in (1) above, leaving no residual flames. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0034] [Table 1]

[0035] As shown in Table 1, particularly from the experimental results for compositions 1 to 8, it can be seen that the fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor of the present invention is excellent in both fire extinguishing and fire spread suppression properties when used in predetermined ratios.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition characterized by comprising 5 to 40% by mass of a phosphorus salt, 0.1 to 20% by mass of a potassium salt that generates potassium radicals by thermal energy, and a dispersion medium.

2. The fire suppression agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the phosphorus salt is ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, phosphoric acids, guanylate, urea phosphate, amide phosphoric acid, phosphate ester, or dimethyl phosphate.

3. The fire extinguishing and fire spread inhibitor composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the potassium salt is potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium hydroxide, potassium acetate, potassium propionate, monopotassium citrate, dipotassium citrate, tripotassium citrate, monopotassium trihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dipotassium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tripotassium monohydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tetrapotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, dipotassium phthalate, potassium hydrogen oxalate, dipotassium oxalate, or potassium bicarbonate.

4. The phosphate salt includes monoammonium phosphate and disammonium phosphate. A fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressing agent composition according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

5. The fire extinguishing and fire spread suppressing agent composition according to claim 4, characterized in that the mass ratio of monoammonium phosphate to disammonium phosphate is 1 to 3:1 to 10.

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