Smoke exhaust equipment

Abstract

To obtain a smoke exhaust system that can discharge smoke from within a protected area to the outside without contaminating the surrounding environment. [Solution] The system includes an air pipe with a hole for sucking in smoke, and a jet fan that generates a high-speed airflow inside the air pipe from one end to the other. The air pipe is routed so that the section with the hole is located inside the protected area, and the other end is located outside the protected area. When the jet fan is activated, a high-speed airflow is generated inside the air pipe, creating a negative pressure state. If smoke is present inside the protected area, the negative pressure inside the air pipe draws the smoke into the air pipe through the hole and discharges it outside the protected area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a smoke exhaust facility that discharges smoke generated in a protected area to the outside.

Background Art

[0002] Smoke generated during a fire contains substances harmful to the human body, obstructs the field of vision during evacuation, and may cause secondary disasters. Such smoke fills from the ceiling of the protected area. In a protected area filled with smoke, it is conceivable to suppress the spread of the fire by spraying water from the water spray heads installed in the area.

[0003] However, when water is sprayed in a state where smoke is generated, there is a risk that the smoke at the ceiling will spread throughout the protected area. As a result, there is a risk of harming evacuees, which has been a major problem in evacuation.

[0004] Therefore, a smoke exhaust facility has been proposed for the purpose of exhausting smoke so that it does not spread when a fire occurs (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The conventional smoke exhaust facility according to Patent Document 1 is provided with a foam generator having an air intake on the proximal end side of a foam generator main body incorporating a nozzle and a foaming net on the other end side, at the upper part of the protected area.

[0005] Furthermore, when a fire occurs in the protected area, the conventional smoke exhaust facility according to Patent Document 1 takes in air in the protected area by the foam generator to generate high-expansion foam, and discharges the generated high-expansion foam.

[0006] As a result, it is possible to reduce the spread of smoke by confining the smoke staying at the upper part of the protected area where the fire has occurred in the foam and exhausting the smoke. Further, even if the generated foam defoams over time, since the smoke particles are adsorbed on the foam film as an aqueous foam solution until defoaming, the amount of smoke spread can be reduced.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-85890 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-38698 [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Development of a new catalyst that efficiently neutralizes carbon monoxide at room temperature," National Institute for Materials Science, July 19, 2018 (https: / / www.nims.go.jp / press / 2018 / 07 / 201807190.html) [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] However, conventional technology has the following problems: Conventional smoke exhaust systems, as described in Patent Document 1, suppress the diffusion of smoke within a protected area by discharging foam containing trapped smoke outside the protected area. However, releasing foam may contaminate the surrounding environment. Furthermore, such conventional smoke exhaust systems cannot be applied to installation environments where discharging foam containing trapped smoke is unsuitable.

[0010] This disclosure is made to solve the above-mentioned problems and aims to provide a smoke exhaust system that can discharge smoke from within a protected area to the outside without polluting the surrounding environment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The smoke exhaust system described herein comprises an air pipe with holes for drawing in smoke, and a jet fan that generates a high-speed airflow inside the air pipe from one end to the other. The air pipe is installed such that the section with the holes is located inside the protected area, while the other end is located outside the protected area. When the jet fan is activated, a high-speed airflow is generated inside the air pipe, creating a negative pressure state. If smoke is present inside the protected area, the negative pressure state inside the air pipe draws the smoke into the air pipe through the holes, and the smoke is then discharged outside the protected area. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] According to this disclosure, it is possible to obtain a smoke exhaust system that can discharge smoke from within a protected area to the outside without contaminating the surrounding environment. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust system according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] This is an explanatory diagram showing a first specific example of the arrangement of air pipes and the arrangement of holes provided in air pipes in a smoke exhaust system comprising air pipes and a jet fan according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This is an explanatory diagram showing a second specific example of the arrangement of air pipes and the arrangement of holes provided in air pipes in a smoke exhaust system comprising air pipes and a jet fan according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] This is an explanatory diagram showing a third specific example of the arrangement of air pipes and the arrangement of holes in air pipes in a smoke exhaust system comprising air pipes and a jet fan according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the smoke exhaust system of this disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The smoke exhaust equipment according to the present disclosure has a configuration in which the inside of an air duct provided with holes capable of sucking smoke is brought into a negative pressure state by starting a jet fan, and the smoke generated in the protection compartment is taken into the air duct through the holes and discharged outside the protection compartment, which is a technical feature.

[0015] Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the smoke exhaust equipment according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. The smoke exhaust equipment in Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an air duct 10, a jet fan 20, a control unit 30, and a filter unit 40.

[0016] The air duct 10 is provided with holes 11 capable of sucking the smoke generated in the protection compartment. One end of the air duct 10 is connected to the jet fan 20. By starting the jet fan 20, a high-speed air flow flowing through the air duct 10 from one end to the other end is generated.

[0017] When a high-speed air flow flows through the air duct 10, the inside of the air duct 10 where the holes 11 are provided becomes a negative pressure state. When smoke 1 is generated near the holes, the smoke 1 is sucked into the air duct 10 through the holes 11. Then, the smoke sucked into the air duct 10 can be discharged together with the high-speed air flow from the discharge port 12 provided at the other end.

[0018] Therefore, by piping the air duct 10 so that the piping portion provided with the holes 11 is located inside the protection compartment and the other end is located outside the protection compartment, the smoke 1 generated in the protection compartment can be taken into the air duct 10 through the holes 11 and discharged outside the protection compartment through the discharge port 12 at the other end.

[0019] The jet fan 20 can be started manually as needed, but it can also be automated to be started and controlled by the control unit 30. As a method of performing start control, the control unit 30 can start the jet fan 20 by receiving an external signal indicating that a fire has occurred inside the protection compartment.

[0020] An external signal indicating a fire has occurred within a protected area can be generated by fire prevention equipment that monitors fires occurring within the protected area, when the fire is detected.

[0021] Furthermore, the control unit 30 can periodically ventilate and purify the protected area by activating the jet fan 20 for a certain period of time, regardless of whether there is a fire or smoke.

[0022] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, a filter section 40 for purifying the fluid discharged outside the protected area can be provided at the other end, prior to the exhaust port 12 for discharging smoke. In Figure 1, examples of the filter section 40 include a soot / dust filter 41 and a carbon monoxide filter 42.

[0023] The soot and dust filter 41 is a filter that can remove soot and dust from the fluid moving from one end to the other inside the air tube 10. Specifically, it is conceivable that a dry mist, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, is generated inside the air tube 10, causing soot and dust to be adsorbed onto the charged dry mist particles, thereby suppressing the outflow of soot and dust outside the protected area.

[0024] The carbon monoxide filter 42 is a filter that can remove carbon monoxide from the fluid moving from one end to the other inside the air pipe 10. Specifically, it is conceivable to suppress carbon monoxide flowing outside the protected area by applying a catalyst that detoxifies carbon monoxide at room temperature with high efficiency, such as the one disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.

[0025] In this way, by providing the filter section 40 before the outlet 12 of the air pipe 10, the smoke can be detoxified and the discharged gas can be purified.

[0026] Although Figure 1 illustrates a smoke exhaust system with a control unit 30 and a filter unit 40, the control unit 30 and the filter unit 40 are not essential components. The smoke exhaust system according to this disclosure is technically characterized by having an air pipe 10 and a jet fan 20, and even with a configuration in which the jet fan 20 is manually started, it is possible to realize a smoke exhaust system that can discharge smoke 1 from within the protected area to the outside without contaminating the surrounding environment.

[0027] Furthermore, the arrangement of the air pipes 10 and the arrangement of the holes 11 provided in the air pipes 10 may be optimized according to the environment of the protected area. Therefore, specific examples of the arrangement of the air pipes 10 and the arrangement of the holes 11 provided in the air pipes 10 will be explained using Figures 2 to 4.

[0028] Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a first specific example of the arrangement of the air pipe 10 and the arrangement of the holes 11 provided in the air pipe 10 in a smoke exhaust system composed of an air pipe 10 and a jet fan 20 according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.

[0029] In Figure 2, the jet fan 20 is located outside the protected compartment 100, and the exhaust port 12 of the air pipe 10 is located outside the protected compartment 100 on the opposite side from the jet fan 20. The air pipe 10 is routed to form an S-shape within the protected compartment 100. The multiple holes 11 in the air pipe 10 are evenly spaced within the protected compartment 100.

[0030] In this first specific example, when the jet fan 20 is activated, a negative pressure is created inside the air pipe 10, drawing the smoke 1 generated inside the protected area 100 into the air pipe 10 through the multiple holes 11, and allowing the smoke to be discharged outside the protected area 100 through the outlet 12.

[0031] Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a second specific example of the arrangement of the air pipe 10 and the arrangement of the holes 11 provided in the air pipe 10 in a smoke exhaust system composed of an air pipe 10 and a jet fan 20 according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.

[0032] In Figure 3, the jet fan 20 is located outside the protective compartment 100, and the exhaust port 12 of the air pipe 10 is located outside the protective compartment 100 on the same side as the jet fan 20. The air pipe 10 is piped in such a way that the central part of the protective compartment 100 is double-layered. In addition, the multiple holes 11 provided in the air pipe 10 are positioned at approximately equal intervals along the piping. Therefore, in the central part of the protective compartment 100, there are approximately twice as many holes 11 as there are per unit volume of the protective compartment 100.

[0033] In this second specific example, similar to the first example, when the jet fan 20 is activated, a negative pressure is created inside the air pipe 10, drawing in the smoke 1 generated inside the protected compartment 100 through multiple holes 11, and discharging the smoke to the outside of the protected compartment 100 through the outlet 12. In particular, in the second example, more holes 11 are located in the central part of the protected compartment 100, allowing smoke from the central part to be drawn into the air pipe 10 more quickly.

[0034] Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a third specific example of the arrangement of the air pipe 10 and the arrangement of the holes 11 provided in the air pipe 10 in a smoke exhaust system composed of an air pipe 10 and a jet fan 20 according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.

[0035] In Figure 4, the jet fan 20 is located outside the protective compartment 100, and the exhaust port 12 of the air pipe 10 is located outside the protective compartment 100 on the same side as the jet fan 20. The air pipe 10 is piped so that the central part within the protective compartment 100 is double-layered. In addition, compared to Figure 3, more holes 11 are located in the central part of the air pipe 10 within the protective compartment 100. Therefore, approximately four times as many holes 11 are located in the central part of the protective compartment 100 within the unit volume of the protective compartment 100.

[0036] In this third specific example, as in the first and second examples, when the jet fan 20 is activated, a negative pressure is created inside the air pipe 10, drawing in the smoke 1 generated inside the protected compartment 100 through the multiple holes 11, and discharging the smoke to the outside of the protected compartment 100 through the outlet 12. In particular, in the third specific example, even more holes 11 are arranged in the central part of the protected compartment 100 than in the second example, allowing the smoke in the central part to be drawn into the air pipe 10 more quickly.

[0037] In the smoke exhaust system described herein, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the arrangement of the air pipes 10 and the arrangement of the holes 11 provided in the air pipes 10 can be appropriately designed according to the environment of the protected area 100.

[0038] For example, in a protected area 100 where areas prone to smoke generation and areas used as evacuation routes are known in advance, an appropriate layout design should be implemented for the arrangement of the air pipes 10 and holes 11 so that smoke generated in those areas can be quickly and efficiently drawn into the air pipes 10.

[0039] Figures 2 to 4 show a layout assuming that the air pipes 10 are installed in the ceiling portion of the protected compartment 100. However, the air pipes 10 used in the smoke exhaust system according to this disclosure can also be installed in other layouts, such as vertically along the walls of the protected compartment 100 or horizontally along the floor of the protected compartment 100.

[0040] In particular, when the air pipes 10 are routed vertically along walls or other surfaces, the holes 11 can be strategically placed at heights that make it easier to ensure a clear line of sight for evacuees during a fire, thereby suppressing obstruction of the view during evacuation by smoke.

[0041] Furthermore, the orientation of the holes 11 in the air pipe 10 can also be varied. For example, when the air pipe 10 is installed in the ceiling of the protected compartment 100, instead of placing the holes 11 directly below the air pipe 10 so as to face the floor, the holes 11 can be positioned to face the wall, or to face the center of the protected compartment 100, or in any other direction appropriate to the environment.

[0042] By adopting an appropriate layout from among these various piping configurations, it becomes possible to expand the smoke exhaust range and remove smoke 1 within the protected area 100 more quickly, depending on the environment of the protected area 100.

[0043] Furthermore, the airflow of the jet fan 20 may be changed depending on the installation environment of the protected area 100 or the layout design of the air pipes. Also, even within the same protected area 100, it is possible to switch the airflow of the jet fan 20 in multiple stages before starting it.

[0044] For example, if a sensor capable of detecting smoke concentration is installed within the protected area 100, the control unit 30 can receive the smoke concentration detected by the sensor as an external signal and perform multi-stage control so that the airflow of the jet fan 20 increases as the smoke concentration increases.

[0045] In this way, by variably controlling the airflow of the jet fan 20 according to the smoke concentration detection result, it becomes possible to expel the smoke 1 inside the protected area 100 more quickly and ensure visibility.

[0046] Furthermore, while Figures 1 to 4 illustrate the case where the air pipe 10 consists of one pipe, it is also possible to pipe two or more air pipes 10 in parallel. In addition, for multiple air pipes 10 piped in parallel, in addition to simultaneously creating a negative pressure state, it is also conceivable to selectively switch the connection of air pipes 10 to the jet fan 20 using solenoid valves or the like, and control the system to create a negative pressure state only for specific air pipes 10 depending on the fire detection location.

[0047] Furthermore, while Figures 1 to 4 show a configuration in which the jet fan 20 supplies airflow to the air pipe 10, it is also possible to configure it to draw air in from the downstream side of the filter section 40. In this case as well, negative pressure will be generated inside the air pipe 10, and the same effect can be obtained.

[0048] As described above, according to Embodiment 1, by activating a jet fan to create a negative pressure state inside an air pipe equipped with holes capable of sucking in smoke, a smoke exhaust system can be realized that can draw in smoke generated within the protected area through the holes into the air pipe and discharge it outside the protected area. As a result, a smoke exhaust system can be obtained that can discharge smoke from within the protected area to the outside without contaminating the surrounding environment.

[0049] Furthermore, unlike conventional devices, it can remove smoke from the protected area without using a foam generator. Therefore, it can be applied to installation environments where foam discharge is unsuitable, A relatively inexpensive configuration can be achieved.

[0050] Furthermore, the arrangement of air pipes and the placement of holes in the air pipes can be appropriately designed according to the environment of the protected area. Additionally, by providing a control unit, the smoke exhaust system can be operated in conjunction with fire prevention equipment. Furthermore, by providing a filter, the fluid discharged outside the protected area can be purified.

[0051] As a result, it is possible to have design flexibility to obtain smoke exhaust systems suitable for various protected areas, and to realize optimal smoke exhaust systems according to the protected area. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] 10 Air pipe, 11 Hole, 12 Outlet, 20 Jet fan, 30 Control unit, 40 Filter unit, 41 Soot / dust filter, 42 Carbon monoxide filter, 100 Protective compartment.

Claims

1. An air tube equipped with a hole for suction of smoke, A jet fan is provided to generate a high-speed airflow within the air tube, extending from one end to the other of the aforementioned air tube. Equipped with, The air pipe is installed such that the portion of the pipe with the hole is located inside the protected area, and the other end is located outside the protected area. When the jet fan is activated, it generates a high-speed airflow in the air tube, creating a negative pressure state within the air tube. If smoke is present in the protected area, the negative pressure state in the air tube draws the smoke into the air tube through the holes, and the smoke is then discharged outside the protected area. Smoke extraction equipment.

2. Control unit for controlling the start of the jet fan Furthermore, When the control unit receives an external signal indicating that a fire has occurred in the protected area, it activates the jet fan. The smoke exhaust system according to claim 1.

3. A filter section is provided at the other end of the air pipe, prior to the outlet for discharging the smoke, and purifies the fluid moving from one end to the other. The smoke exhaust system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

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