Boiler support device

Abstract

To provide a new type of device for supporting boilers. [Solution] The boiler comprises a furnace. The furnace comprises at least two side walls, at least two end walls, a roof, and a bottom. The distance between at least two side walls defines the width of the furnace, the distance between at least two end walls defines the depth of the furnace, and the direction between at least two end walls is the depth direction. The apparatus further comprises at least one beam extending in the depth direction. The beam is positioned below the bottom to support it, and the beam is positioned between at least two side walls, away from each side wall. The ends of the beam extend below the vertical portions of at least two end walls. The apparatus comprises at least one rod between each end of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the end wall. The rod is substantially vertical and is attached between at least one end of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the end wall. Thereafter, the rod is configured to transfer the load from the beam to the vertical portion of the end wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a boiler, and more particularly to an apparatus for supporting a boiler.

Background Art

[0002] Boiler structures such as those of circulating fluidized bed boilers are generally very large and heavy. Therefore, the support of the boiler is very demanding and important.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a new type of apparatus for supporting a boiler. The object of the present invention is characterized by what is described in the independent claims. Some embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0004] In the proposed solution, the boiler comprises a furnace. The boiler is, for example, a circulating fluidized bed boiler or a bubbling fluidized bed boiler. The furnace comprises at least two side walls, at least two end walls, a roof, and a bottom. The furnace may be configured to have two side walls and two end walls such that the furnace has a rectangular horizontal cross-section with four corners. However, the furnace may be configured to have more than two side walls and / or more than two end walls such that the furnace has a polygonal horizontal cross-section with more than four corners. The distance between at least two side walls defines the width of the furnace, the distance between at least two end walls defines the depth of the furnace, and the direction between at least two end walls is the depth direction. Each of the at least two end walls has a generally vertical vertical portion and an inwardly inclined bottom, and the depth of the furnace at the bottom is smaller than the depth of the furnace at the vertical portion.

[0005] The presented apparatus further comprises at least one beam extending in the depth direction. The beam is positioned below the bottom to support the bottom. The beam is also positioned between at least two side walls, away from each side wall. The beam is longer than the depth of the furnace at the bottom of the furnace, and the ends of the beam extend below the vertical portions of at least two end walls. The apparatus also comprises at least one rod between each end of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the end wall. The rod is substantially vertical and is attached to at least one end of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the end wall. The rod is positioned to transfer the load from the beam to the vertical portion of the end wall. This solution provides a simple and reliable support for the boiler. For example, there is no need to support the bottom with internal bulkheads in the furnace. Also, the bottom, which slopes inward towards the end walls, does not need to transfer the load from the bottom, at least substantially.

[0006] According to one embodiment, the device comprises at least two rods between the end of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the end wall. This allows the load from the beam to be effectively and evenly transmitted to the vertical portion of the end wall.

[0007] According to one embodiment, the upper part of the rod is attached to the edge between the vertical portion of the end wall and the inwardly sloping bottom portion of the end wall. This eliminates the need to substantially transmit the load across the edge, and the furnace structure is simple at the connection point with the edge.

[0008] According to one embodiment, the ends of the beam are flatter than the rest of the beam. This provides space for the lower ends of the rods and their fixing elements. Thus, the ends of the rods do not extend below the lowest point of the beam, at least substantially.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the ends of the beam are wider than the rest of the beam. This provides adequate space for attaching two or more rods to the ends of the beam as needed. Also, if the ends of the beam are flatter than the rest of the beam, making them wider increases the rigidity of the ends of the beam.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the apparatus includes an elastic element in relation to the rod to allow thermal expansion between the rod and the furnace wall. Allowing thermal expansion increases the reliability of the structure. In addition, the rod can be placed in an environment cooler than the furnace wall, and a low temperature can be maintained during boiler use.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the elastic element comprises a spring. Using a spring to form the elastic element provides a simple and reliable structure for the elastic element.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the rod is positioned to penetrate at least one beam end, the device includes a support structure such as a plate at the lower end of the rod, and the elastic element is positioned between the support structure and the lower surface of at least one beam end. Thereafter, the lower end of the rod is connected to or attached to the beam end in a simple and reliable manner.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the device includes a clamping rod between the support structure and the underside of the beam end to limit the maximum distance between the support structure and the underside of the beam end. This prevents the elastic element from expanding excessively and from lifting the beam end beyond what is permissible.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the device includes a support element between the support structure and the underside of the beam end to limit the minimum distance between the support structure and the underside of the beam end. This prevents even very high loads on the beam from compressing the elastic element beyond what the support element can tolerate. The support element maintains the minimum distance between the support structure and the underside of the beam end. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0015] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings, with reference to several embodiments.

[0016] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram showing the bottom of the boiler viewed from an oblique angle above. [Figure 2]This is a side view showing a partial cross-section of the bottom of the boiler in Figure 1. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the boiler shown in Figure 1, viewed from the end face. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram showing a partially cross-sectional view of detail A in Figure 3, enlarged. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of the bottom of a boiler according to another embodiment, viewed from diagonally above. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of boiler 1. Boiler 1 is, for example, a circulating fluidized bed boiler or a bubble fluidized bed boiler. Boiler 1 comprises a furnace 2. Furnace 2 comprises two end walls 3, two side walls 4, a roof 5, and a bottom 6. Figure 1 shows generally only the bottom of boiler 1. However, the upper part and roof 5 of boiler 1 are schematically shown by dashed lines in Figure 1. Boiler 1 may include further equipment related to the boiler but not shown in the figure. Such equipment may include, for example, a boiler and steam circulation system, a flue gas flow path, a superheater, an economizer, a backpass, a fly ash collection system, and one or more cyclone separators.

[0018] If the furnace 2 comprises two end walls 3 and two side walls 4, the furnace 2 has a rectangular horizontal cross-section with four corners. However, the furnace 2 may be configured to have two or more end walls 3 and / or two or more side walls 4, so that the furnace 2 has a polygonal horizontal cross-section with more than four corners.

[0019] The distance between the side walls 4 defines the width W of the furnace 2. The distance between the end walls 3 defines the depth D of the furnace 2. The direction between the end walls 3 is the depth direction Dd. Typically, the width W of the furnace 2 is greater than the depth D of the furnace 2, as shown in the figure. However, in certain embodiments, the width W of the furnace 2 may be approximately equal to the depth D of the furnace 2, thereby making the horizontal cross-section of the furnace 2 approximately square. Typically, the width W of the furnace 2 is 8 to 20 meters, the depth D of the furnace 2 is 4 to 10 meters, and the height of the furnace 2 is 15 to 40 meters.

[0020] The end wall 3 has a substantially vertical vertical portion 3a and an inwardly inclined bottom portion 3b. The depth D of the furnace 2 at the bottom portion 3b is smaller than the depth D of the furnace 2 at the vertical portion 3a. This is clearly shown, for example, in FIG. 2. An edge 3c is formed between the vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3 and the inwardly inclined bottom portion 3b of the end wall 3.

[0021] The boiler 1 further includes a beam 7 extending in the depth direction Dd. The beam 7 is disposed below the bottom portion 6 to support the bottom portion 6. The beam 7 may contact the bottom portion 6 directly or indirectly. The beam 7 contacting the bottom portion 6 indirectly means that there is a solid structure such as a beam between the bottom portion 6 and the beam 7.

[0022] The boiler 1 further includes one or more beams 18 extending in the width direction of the furnace 2. The one or more beams 18 are attached to the lower end portions of the side walls 4 by attachment means 19. The attachment means 19 may include lugs, brackets, bolts, nuts, welding, and / or support beams, or any other suitable means for attaching the beam 18 to the lower end portions of the side walls 4. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the beam 7 extending in the depth direction Dd is disposed below the beam 18 extending in the width direction. Thereby, the beam 7 extending in the depth direction Dd prevents the beam 18 extending in the width direction from bending excessively.

[0023] The beam 7 extending in the depth direction Dd is disposed between the side walls 4 at a distance away from each side wall 4. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the beam 7 extending in the depth direction Dd is disposed substantially at the central portion of the furnace 2 in the width direction. The embodiment shown in the figure includes only one beam 7 extending in the depth direction Dd. However, the boiler 1 may include two or more beams 7 extending in the depth direction Dd to support the bottom portion 6.

[0024] The beam 7 extending in the depth direction Dd is longer than the depth D of the furnace 2 at the bottom portion 6 of the furnace 2. The end portion 7a of the beam extends below the vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3.

[0025] There is a rod 8 between each end 7a of the beam 7 and the corresponding vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3. The rod 8 is attached to the end 7a of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3. Thereby, the rod 8 is configured to transmit the load from the beam 7 to the vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3. The rod 8 is also called a suspension rod for holding the beam 7 that hangs from the end wall 3 and extends in the depth direction Dd. The rod 8 does not need to be supported from below.

[0026] The rod 8 is substantially vertical. Substantially vertical means that the rod 8 deviates by less than 15 degrees from the vertical direction. Preferably, the direction of the rod 8 is substantially the same as the direction of the vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3. Also, according to one embodiment, the direction of the rod 8 is substantially the same as the direction of the vertical tube of the end wall 3.

[0027] The upper part of the rod 8 is attached to an edge 3c between the vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3 and the bottom 3b inclined inside the end wall 3. The upper part of the rod 8 may be attached to the end wall 3 by any means suitable for the purpose. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the attachment means includes a lug 9, a plate 10, a bolt 11, and a bracket 12. The bracket 12 is attached to the upper part of the rod 8, for example, by welding. The bracket 12 is attached to the plate 10, for example, by a bolt 11. A plurality of rods 8 may be attached to one plate 10. The plate 10 may be attached to the end wall 3 using a plurality of lugs 9. The plate 10 may be attached to the lug 9, for example, by welding. The lug 9 may be attached to the end wall 3, for example, by welding.

[0028] The end wall 3 and the side wall 4 are formed by a plurality of vertical tubes 20 and fins welded between the plurality of vertical tubes 20. FIG. 3 schematically shows a part of some of the vertical tubes 20. The lug 9 may be welded to the vertical tube 20 and / or the fin between the vertical tubes 20.

[0029] According to the embodiment shown in the figure, there are two rods 8 between the end 7a of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3. It is also possible to arrange more than two rods 8 between the end 7a of the beam and the corresponding vertical portion 3a of the end wall 3.

[0030] For example, as is clear from Figure 2, the end 7a of the beam is flatter than the rest of the beam 7. Therefore, the height of the beam 7 is lower at the end 7a than the rest of the beam 7. Consequently, the lowest end of the rod 8 does not extend substantially below the bottom of the beam 7.

[0031] The end 7a of the beam is wider than the rest of the beam 7. This provides ample space for attaching two or more rods 8 to the end 7a of the beam as needed. Also, since the end 7a of the beam is flatter than the rest of the beam 7, making the end 7a wider increases its rigidity.

[0032] Furthermore, the boiler 1 is equipped with an elastic element 13 in relation to the rod 8 to allow for thermal expansion between the rod 8 and the wall of the furnace 2. The elastic element 13 is positioned between the rod 8 and the end 7a of the beam. Specifically, during use of the boiler 1, the elastic element 13 allows for thermal expansion greater than that of the rod 8 relative to the bottom 3b of the end wall 3. Thus, the rod 8 can be placed in an environment cooler than the wall of the furnace 2, and can maintain a low temperature during use of the boiler 1.

[0033] Details of the elastic element 13 are shown in Figure 4. The elastic element 13 includes a spring 14. In one embodiment, the spring 14 is a disc spring.

[0034] The rod 8 is positioned to pass through the end 7a of the beam. Therefore, the beam 7 has a through-hole for the rod 8. In the through-hole, there is a gap between the rod 8 and the beam 7, allowing the rod 8 and the beam 7 to move relative to each other in the axial direction of the rod 8 within the through-hole.

[0035] The lower end of the rod 8 has a support structure such as a plate 15. The plate 15 may be attached to the lower end of the rod 8 so as to rest on a nut 21 that is screwed into the lower end of the rod 8, which is provided with a thread.

[0036] The spring 14 is positioned around the rod 8 and on the plate 15. Thus, the spring 14 extends between the plate 15 and the underside of the beam end 7a. This allows the lower end of the rod 8 to be connected to or attached to the beam end 7a in a simple and reliable manner.

[0037] A clamping rod 16 is located between the plate 15 and the underside of the beam end 7a. The clamping rod 16 may be attached to the underside of the beam end 7a, for example, by welding. The clamping rod 16 may be positioned to pass through the plate 15. Therefore, the plate 15 may have a through hole for the clamping rod 16. In the through hole, there is a gap between the clamping rod 16 and the plate 15, allowing the clamping rod 16 and the plate 15 to move relative to each other in the axial direction of the clamping rod 16 within the through hole.

[0038] The spring 14 attempts to move the plate 15 and the underside of the beam end 7a away from each other. However, at the lower end of the clamping rod 16, the plate 15 is attached to the clamping rod 16 in such a way that it cannot move downward relative to the clamping rod 16. Thus, this structure limits the maximum distance between the plate 15 and the underside of the beam end 7a. At the lower end of the clamping rod 16, there is, for example, a nut 22, which prevents the plate 15 from moving further away from the underside of the beam end 7a. As a result, the spring 14 cannot expand excessively and will not lift the beam end 7a beyond what is permissible.

[0039] A thread may be provided at the lower end of the tightening rod 16. This allows the maximum distance between the plate 15 and the lower surface of the beam end 7a to be adjusted using a nut 22.

[0040] There is a sleeve 17 attached to the plate 15. The sleeve 17 is positioned inside the spring 14 around the rod 8. However, the sleeve 17 may be positioned elsewhere. The length of the sleeve 17 is less than the maximum distance between the plate 15 and the underside of the beam end 7a. Instead of attaching the sleeve 17 to the plate 15, it is also possible to attach the sleeve 17 to the underside of the beam end 7a.

[0041] The sleeve 17 is a support element between the support structure, for example, the plate 15, and the lower surface of the beam end 7a. The sleeve 17 defines the minimum distance between the plate 15 and the lower surface of the beam end 7a. When the load on the beam 7 increases, the spring 14 is compressed. When the load becomes sufficiently high, the lower surface of the beam end 7a comes into contact with the upper end of the sleeve 17. Thereafter, the sleeve 17 prevents the beam 7 from moving any further toward the plate 15. Thus, the sleeve 17 maintains the minimum distance between the plate 15 and the lower surface of the beam end 7a. Thereafter, even very high loads on the beam 7 do not compress the spring 14 beyond what the sleeve 17 can tolerate.

[0042] The length of the sleeve 17 may be less than the maximum distance between the plate 15 and the lower surface of the end 7a of the beam, and the difference between the length of the sleeve 17 and the maximum distance may be equal to the difference in thermal expansion between the wall of the furnace 2 and the rod 8. The difference in thermal expansion is, for example, 5 millimeters to 30 millimeters.

[0043] After thermal expansion occurs in the wall, the load from beam 7 is rigidly transmitted to rod 8. Furthermore, even if sand accumulates in furnace 2, for example, the spring 14 does not deflect excessively, and the load is rigidly transmitted to side wall 3 by the beam.

[0044] The spring 14 is sized to withstand long-term loads. The spring 14 is not compressed to its bottom, as the sleeve 17 prevents this compression. Furthermore, the spring 14 is not released, as the clamping rod 16 prevents this release. The clamping rod 16 maintains the spring 14 in a slightly compressed state.

[0045] The end wall 3 transmits the load from the rod 8 upward. The furnace 2 may be of the upper support type, in which case the roof 5 of the furnace 2 may be provided with beams and other support structures to support the furnace and transmit the load of the furnace 2 to a further support structure. The furnace 2 may also be of the intermediate support type.

[0046] Figure 5 shows another embodiment of boiler 1. The lower part of boiler 1 includes additional support structures 23, such as beams, to support the end wall 3 and side wall 4. Otherwise, the solution shown in Figure 5 corresponds to the solutions shown in Figures 1-4.

[0047] As technology advances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the concept of the present invention can be implemented in a variety of ways. The present invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above and may be modified within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A boiler support device equipped with a boiler, The boiler is equipped with a furnace, The aforementioned furnace is At least two end walls, At least two side walls, The roof and The bottom and, Equipped with, The distance between the at least two side walls defines the width of the furnace, the distance between the at least two end walls defines the depth of the furnace, and the direction between the at least two end walls is the depth direction. Each of the at least two end walls has a generally vertical section and a bottom section that slopes inward, and the depth of the furnace at the bottom section is smaller than the depth of the furnace at the vertical section. The boiler support device is The above-mentioned at least one beam extending in the depth direction, The system further comprises at least one rod between each end of the at least one beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the end wall, The at least one beam is positioned below the bottom to support the bottom, The at least one beam is positioned between the at least two side walls, away from each side wall. The at least one beam is longer than the depth of the furnace at the bottom of the furnace. The end of at least one beam extends below the vertical portion of the at least two end walls, The aforementioned rod is substantially vertical, The rod is attached to the end of at least one beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the end wall. The rod is configured to transmit the load from at least one beam to the vertical portion of the end wall. Boiler support device.

2. The boiler support device according to claim 1, wherein at each end of the at least one beam, there are at least two rods between the end of the at least one beam and the corresponding vertical portion of the side wall.

3. The boiler support device according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the rod is attached to the edge between the vertical portion of the end wall and the inwardly inclined bottom portion of the end wall.

4. The boiler support device according to claim 1, wherein the rod is a suspension rod.

5. The boiler support device according to claim 1, wherein the end of the at least one beam is flatter than the other part of the at least one beam.

6. The boiler support device according to claim 1, wherein the end of the at least one beam is wider than the other part of the at least one beam.

7. The boiler support device according to claim 5, wherein the end of the at least one beam is wider than the other part of the at least one beam.

8. The boiler support device according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic element in relation to the rod to allow thermal expansion between the rod and the wall of the furnace.

9. The boiler support device according to claim 8, wherein the elastic element comprises a spring.

10. The rod is positioned to penetrate the end of at least one beam, The boiler support device is provided with a support structure at the lower end of the rod, The boiler support device according to claim 8, wherein the elastic element is disposed between the support structure and the lower surface of the end of at least one beam.

11. The boiler support device according to claim 10, further comprising a tightening rod between the support structure and the lower surface of the end of the at least one beam in order to limit the maximum distance between the support structure and the lower surface of the end of the at least one beam.

12. The boiler support device according to claim 10, further comprising a support element between the support structure and the lower surface of the end of the at least one beam in order to limit the minimum distance between the support structure and the lower surface of the end of the at least one beam.

13. The boiler support device according to claim 11, further comprising a support element between the support structure and the lower surface of the end of the at least one beam in order to limit the minimum distance between the support structure and the lower surface of the end of the at least one beam.

14. The boiler support device according to claim 1, wherein the boiler is a fluidized bed boiler.

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