Charging method

Abstract

We provide a charging method using soil. [Solution] The charging method involves mixing an electrically conductive material containing carbon black with soil containing ions and adding an ionic solution to form a conductive part. A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are provided in the conductive part to form an electric double layer capacitor, and the electric double layer capacitor is charged using a perovskite solar cell.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a charging method that can store electricity. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, it has been proposed to incorporate electrically conductive nanoporous carbon into cement, form a network of nanoporous carbon using the fluidity of water, and use concrete as a capacitor (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent Publication No. 11512022 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] However, Patent Document 1 only proposed storing electricity in concrete to create a capacitor, and did not propose other applications or safety measures for actual use.

[0005] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide a charging method using soil. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The charging method described in claim 1 involves mixing an electrically conductive material containing carbon black with soil containing ions and adding an ionic solution to form a conductive part, providing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator in the conductive part to form an electric double layer capacitor, and charging the electric double layer capacitor using a perovskite solar cell. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the charging method described in claim 1, soil mixed with an electrically conductive material can be charged by a perovskite solar cell. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view showing a glass container filled with soil, into which two copper plates are inserted. [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view showing a glass container filled with a mixture of soil and carbon black, with two copper plates inserted into the mixture. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the capacitor during charging. [Figure 4] This diagram shows how the separator, positive electrode, and negative electrode, which are part of the capacitor's structure, are arranged on a strip foundation. [Figure 5] This is a partial cross-sectional view showing the mixture backfilled into the earthen floor area. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the condition of the foundation structure after compaction. [Figure 7] This diagram shows temporary scaffolding and protective netting erected near the foundation structure. [Figure 8] This is a schematic diagram showing a protective net equipped with perovskite solar cells. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view taken along arrow AA in Figure 8. [Figure 10] This is a block diagram of a control device for controlling the charging and discharging of a capacitor according to the first embodiment. [Figure 11] This figure shows how the separator, positive electrode, and negative electrode, which are part of the capacitor's configuration, are arranged on the strip foundation of the second embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] (First Embodiment) Hereinafter, the first embodiment will be described in detail based on FIGS. 1 to 10. In this first embodiment, by mixing an electrically conductive substance into soil, conductive soil is formed, and the capacitor 11 described later is provided using this conductive soil. In this first embodiment, the electrically conductive substance is a substance having both electronic conductivity for moving electrons and ionic conductivity for moving ions. In this first embodiment, a combination of carbon black and binchotan charcoal is adopted as the electron-conductive substance, and soil 2 containing moisture is adopted as the ionic-conductive substance, but it is not limited thereto.

[0010] (Preliminary experiment to confirm the insulation of soil) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which soil 2 is placed in a glass container 1 and two copper plates 3 are inserted into this soil 2. The soil 2 was collected in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and was put into the glass container 1 after being sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 4.75 mm.

[0011] When a soil test of this soil 2 was conducted, the density of soil particles was 2.660 g / cm ,

[0013] , + , 2+ , + , 2+ , 2+ , 2+ , and the natural water content ratio was 35.7%. Also, the particle size of the soil 2 was 4.5% gravel, 39.5% sand, 42.0% silt, and 14.0% clay. As a result, this soil 2 was classified as sandy silt.

[0012] Sandy silt contains calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ), so the soil 2 can be used as an electrolyte. When the electrolyte substance in the soil 2 is insufficient, cations with a high ionization tendency such as calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), potassium ions (K + ), magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ), and sodium ions (Na + ) can be added to the soil 2 as electrolyte substances.

[0013] For example, cement contains calcium ions (Ca 2+) is included, so it may be mixed with Soil 2 as soil cement.

[0014] When the test leads of the tester were brought into contact with each of the two copper plates 3, no conduction was confirmed and it was in a non-conductive state. As a result, conductivity was not confirmed in Soil 2.

[0015] (Mixing of soil and electrically conductive substance) The above-mentioned Soil 2 and an electrically conductive substance were mixed. As the electrically conductive substance, a combination of carbon black and Binchotan charcoal is adopted, but it is not limited thereto. For example, as the electrically conductive substance, a material derived from one type of carbon (for example, Binchotan charcoal or activated carbon) may be adopted. Carbon black forms a carbon network and is a suitable member for reducing the internal resistance of Soil 2 and increasing the capacitance of Soil 2 by mixing with Soil 2. Binchotan charcoal is a suitable material for occluding and releasing ions. In this first embodiment, acetylene black produced by thermal decomposition of acetylene was used as the carbon black. However, registered trademark Ketjen black having a hollow shell structure of primary particles may be used, or inexpensive activated carbon may be used. In this case, it is preferable to use activated carbon mainly having micropores or mesopores.

[0016] Binchotan charcoal derived from carbon may be used in a crushed form, or commercially available powdered Binchotan charcoal may be used. In addition, activated carbon having macropores may be used instead of Binchotan charcoal.

[0017] Acetylene black and Binchotan charcoal are hydrophobic substances, but they become slightly more hydrophilic with water by being immersed in water for about one day. In this case, it is preferable to stir for about 10 to 30 minutes immediately after immersing in water. In this first embodiment, each of acetylene black and Binchotan charcoal was immersed in water and then mixed with Soil 2. Thereby, the affinity between Soil 2, acetylene black, and Binchotan charcoal is improved.

[0018] The amount of acetylene black added is between 5% and less than 20% by weight of soil 2. If the amount of acetylene black added is 5% or more by weight of soil 2, a carbon network can be formed in soil 2. If the amount of acetylene black added is 20% or more by weight of soil 2, the resistance value of mixture 4, which will be described later, will be further reduced, but in this first embodiment, it is set to less than 20% considering the price and cost-effectiveness of acetylene black.

[0019] The amount of Binchotan charcoal added is set to be between 8% and less than 25% by weight of soil 2. If the amount of Binchotan charcoal added is 8% or more by weight of soil 2, charging using ions from soil 2 by the capacitor 11 described later becomes possible. The amount of Binchotan charcoal added may be 25% or more by weight of soil 2, but in this first embodiment, it is set to less than 25% considering the price of Binchotan charcoal and cost-effectiveness.

[0020] The amount of binchotan charcoal to add will vary depending on the properties of soil 2, the amount of electrolytes contained in soil 2, and whether or not electrolytes are added, so the above amount should be used as a guideline. Also, considering the performance of capacitor 11 (charge amount, charging time, etc.) described later, it is preferable to add more binchotan charcoal than acetylene black. The amount of acetylene black to add may also be determined by considering the internal resistance (several ohms to tens of ohms) when mixed with soil 2.

[0021] In this first embodiment, soil 2, acetylene black, and crushed binchotan charcoal were mixed in a mixer for a few minutes (1 to 2 minutes) to create mixture 4.

[0022] (Experiment to confirm the conductivity of a mixture) Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a glass container 1 containing a mixture 4, with two copper plates 3 inserted into the mixture 4.

[0023] When the test leads of the tester were touched to each of the two copper plates 3, the resistance was approximately 20-30Ω, confirming the conductivity of the mixture 4. This confirmed that an electrical conductivity network was formed in the soil 2 by carbon black, a carbon-derived material.

[0024] The reason for the fluctuation of approximately 10Ω in the resistance value is that gas (air) is mixed into mixture 4, making the contact state of the electrically conductive material unstable. For this reason, mixture 4 was compacted manually using a metal tamping rod, and the resistance value of mixture 4 was measured again.

[0025] After manual compaction, the resistance of mixture 4 was approximately 18-20 Ω, and it was confirmed that the resistance decreased and the fluctuation in resistance also decreased. Furthermore, this resistance can be reduced to a few Ω by increasing the amount of carbon black added to 10-15%.

[0026] In this first embodiment, the mixture 4 is a conductive part in which an electrically conductive carbon network is formed, and a capacitor 11 is realized as a charging device that utilizes ions of soil 2 using this conductive part.

[0027] (Experiment to confirm energy storage using a mixture) Figure 3 shows the state of the capacitor 11 during charging, and is shown as a cross-sectional view excluding the power supply 8. As shown in Figure 3, the capacitor 11 of this first embodiment is formed by attaching the separator 5 to the glass container 1, adding the mixture 4, and then inserting the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 7 into this mixture 4.

[0028] The separator 5 prevents direct contact and short-circuiting between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 7, while allowing ions in the mixture 4 to pass through the formed carbon network. In this first embodiment, the material of the separator 5 can be a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate. Alternatively, the separator 5 can be a cellulose-derived nonwoven fabric or paper (e.g., Japanese paper or kitchen paper). The separator 5 is fixed to the glass container 1 with insulating tape. Alternatively, it may be placed in the glass container 1 sandwiched between insulating materials.

[0029] The positive electrode 6 can be made of a material that does not easily react with ionic substances contained in the soil 2, such as copper, aluminum, platinum, or carbon materials. In this first embodiment, a copper plate 3 was used. The positive electrode 6 is connected to a carbon network formed of acetylene black. An electric double layer is formed near the surface of the binchotan charcoal connected to this carbon network, causing the positive electrode 6 to be charged by attracting anions with the opposite charge.

[0030] The negative electrode 7 can be made of a material that does not easily react with ionic substances contained in the soil 2, such as copper, aluminum, platinum, or carbon materials. In this first embodiment, a copper plate 3 was used. The negative electrode 7 is connected to a carbon network formed of acetylene black. An electric double layer is formed near the surface of the binchotan charcoal connected to this carbon network, causing the negative electrode 7 to be charged by attracting cations with the opposite charge.

[0031] Power supply 8 is used to charge the capacitor 11, and can be a constant voltage power supply, a constant current power supply, or the like.

[0032] Wire 9 has one end connected to the positive terminal 6 and the other end connected to the + output terminal of power supply 8. Wire 10 has one end connected to the negative terminal 7 and the other end connected to the - output terminal of power supply 8.

[0033] In this first embodiment, a constant voltage power supply was used as the power supply 8 and charging was performed at a voltage of 1 V to 3 V. When the water content of the mixture 4 was high, charging was performed at 1.2 V or less to prevent the generation of hydrogen. When the water content of the mixture 4 was low, that is, when the generation of hydrogen was low, charging was performed at 3 V.

[0034] Depending on the state of the mixture 4, after charging for several minutes or about 5 to 10 minutes, when the wiring 9 and the wiring 10 were connected to a rotation motor (not shown), the rotation motor (not shown) rotated. As a result, it was confirmed that a carbon network was formed in the soil 2 with acetylene black and that the occlusion and release of ions by the binchotan, which is an ion adsorbing substance, were being performed. That is, it was confirmed that power storage was possible using the mixture 4.

[0035] Also, the mixture 4 was newly created in the aforementioned weight ratio, and sodium ions (Na + ) were added. Specifically, several hundred cc of 5% saline solution was added. Then, in the same manner as described above, charging was performed at a voltage of 1.2 V for the same time (several minutes or about 5 to 10 minutes). After that, when the wiring 9 and the wiring 10 were connected to the rotation motor, the rotation motor rotated longer than the mixture 4 to which no sodium ions (Na + ) were added.

[0036] Thus, by adding cations, the charge amount of the capacitor 11 increases, so that a large amount of power can be supplied.

[0037] Also, in civil engineering and construction, soil has played its role as ground or a foundation. According to this first embodiment, in addition to these, soil will play a role in power storage, and an electric double layer capacitor using soil can be realized.

[0038] (Application of Capacitor to Buildings) The following explanation will continue regarding the application of the capacitor 11 described above to a building. Here, it will be applied to a foundation structure 30. In this first embodiment, the capacitor 11 will be applied to a foundation structure 30 consisting of a strip foundation 40 and a floor concrete slab 60.

[0039] As will be described in more detail later, the foundation structure 30 comprises a strip foundation 40, a slab 50, a mixture 4 as backfill material, and a floor concrete 60. Figure 4 shows how the separator 5, positive electrode 6, and negative electrode 7, which are part of the capacitor 11's configuration, are arranged on the strip foundation 40. In an actual construction site, multiple strip foundations 40 are formed along the X-axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper to form the foundation structure 30. Therefore, the capacitor 11 can be installed in multiple locations.

[0040] The strip foundation 40 is made of concrete with reinforced bars, and its upper surface has shear reinforcement bars 41 and main reinforcement bars 42 extending perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The inner surface 40a of the strip foundation 40 corresponds to the inner surface of the glass container 1, so an insulating agent is applied or sprayed to ensure insulation. As the insulating agent, for example, alkylalkoxysilane-based insulating agents or silanesiloxane-based insulating agents can be used, but are not limited to these.

[0041] The slab 50 is made of concrete and is provided on the ground 45 in the space enclosed by the strip foundation 40, and is a member that extends along the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper. In this first embodiment, the slab 50 holds or houses the elements that constitute the capacitor 11. The upper surface 50a of the slab 50 is a member corresponding to the bottom surface of the glass container 1, and an insulating agent is applied or sprayed to ensure insulation. As the insulating agent, for example, alkylalkoxysilane-based insulating agents or silanesiloxane-based insulating agents can be used, but are not limited to these. As described above, in this first embodiment, an insulating container is formed by the opposing inner surfaces 40a of the strip foundation 40 and the upper surface 50a of the slab 50.

[0042] While U.S. Patent No. 1,151,2022, listed in the prior art section, discloses the storage of electricity in concrete, it does not disclose how to insulate the reinforcing bars when they are present in the concrete. In contrast, in this first embodiment, a mixture 4, in which an electrically conductive substance is mixed with soil, ensures insulation between the opposing inner surfaces 40a of the strip foundation 40 and the upper surface 50a of the slab 50. Therefore, even if reinforcing bars are placed inside or on the upper surface of the strip foundation 40, there is no need to insulate these bars. Furthermore, since the floor area 46 is a large space, even if the amount of charge per unit area is small, the large capacity of the mixture 4 allows for the storage of more electricity.

[0043] The slab 50 has a first holding portion 51 for holding the separator 5, a second holding portion 52 for holding the positive electrode 6, and a third holding portion 53 for holding the negative electrode 7. The first holding portion 51, the second holding portion 52, and the third holding portion 53 have recesses, which are formed when concrete is poured into formwork that matches the shape of each portion during the concrete pouring of the slab 50.

[0044] Since the first retaining portion 51 requires insulating properties, it is desirable to apply or spray the aforementioned insulating agent. Furthermore, to ensure the retention of the separator 5, the separator 5 can be securely held by an elastically deformable and insulating resin material 54. In Figure 4, the resin material 54 is provided on both sides of the separator 5, but the separator 5 may also be held by providing the resin material 54 on only one side of the separator 5. In this way, the separator 5 is fitted into the recess of the first retaining portion 51 by the resin material 54.

[0045] In this first embodiment, the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 have the same shape. By making the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 the same shape, a common formwork can be used, thereby reducing the cost of concrete pouring. Alternatively, the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 may be omitted, and the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 7 may be held by the mixture 4.

[0046] When constructing the foundation structure 30, the soil of the ground 45 is excavated using construction heavy machinery such as a backhoe. This excavated soil is then used as backfill material and is used to backfill the floor slab 46, which will be described later, after the strip foundation 40 has been constructed. In this first embodiment, the excavated soil is mixed with an electrically conductive substance to form a mixture 4. This mixing may be done, for example, at the construction site using the bucket of a backhoe, or by workers. In addition, the aforementioned electrolyte substance may be replenished at this time.

[0047] Here, it is preferable to place the mixture 4 produced at the construction site into the glass container 1 shown in Figure 2 and measure the resistance of the mixture 4 produced at the construction site. It is also preferable to charge the mixture 4 produced at the construction site and measure the current value and capacitance during charging. Based on these measurement results, by further adding crushed binchotan charcoal or carbon black to the mixture 4 used as backfill material, or by replenishing electrolyte substances, a capacitor 11 with excellent charging performance can be realized. In this way, by producing the mixture 4 of the capacitor 11 using soil excavated at the construction site, the costs of procuring and transporting soil can be reduced.

[0048] In this first embodiment, the floor area 46 is formed by the space enclosed by the strip foundation 40, the slab 50, and the deck 58 (see Figure 6), which will be described later. Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the mixture 4 backfilled into this floor area 46.

[0049] As shown in Figure 5, the mixture 4 is buried in the floor area 46 so as not to exceed the height of the separator 5, the positive electrode 6, the negative electrode 7, and the strip foundation 40. This ensures the insulation of the capacitor 11. However, since the mixture 4 is simply backfilled in the floor area 46, air is present inside the mixture 4. If air is present inside the mixture 4 and the contact between the mixture 4 components is unstable, the internal resistance of the mixture 4 will increase, and the measured value of the internal resistance will not be stable.

[0050] Therefore, by compacting the mixture 4 backfilled in the floor slab 46, the shear resistance of the mixture 4 can be increased and the internal resistance can be decreased, thereby improving its performance as a capacitor 11. Figure 6 shows the state of the foundation structure 30 after compaction. As shown in Figure 6, the height of the mixture 4 has been reduced by compaction.

[0051] Furthermore, Figure 6 newly illustrates the resin sheet 55, the first pipe member 56, the second pipe member 57, the deck 58, and the floor concrete 60. The resin sheet 55 is a sheet used to prevent rainwater from falling on the capacitor 11, and in this first embodiment, a polyethylene sheet is used. In this first embodiment, the concrete slab 60 can prevent rainwater from falling on the capacitor 11. For this reason, in this first embodiment, the resin sheet 55 may be omitted, or the resin sheet 55 may be used until the concrete slab 60 is constructed.

[0052] In this first embodiment, the first pipe member 56 is a CD pipe and is a pipe member for passing the wiring 9 from the positive electrode 6. The second pipe member 57 is a CD pipe and is a pipe member for passing the wiring 10 from the negative electrode 7.

[0053] In this first embodiment, it is desirable to check the operation of the capacitor 11 before pouring the concrete 60 for the floor slab. For the operation check, it is preferable to perform both charging and discharging of the capacitor 11. Although Figure 5 and others illustrate a single capacitor 11, multiple capacitors 11 are installed at construction sites. When multiple capacitors 11 are connected in series, it is desirable to check the charging and discharging operations with the multiple capacitors 11 connected in series.

[0054] Furthermore, depending on the results of this operational check, a decision may be made to add the aforementioned electrolyte substance. The decision regarding the addition of the electrolyte substance may be made by a worker, or by the control device 20 or host computer described later.

[0055] The deck 58, although simplified in the illustration, is supported by a strip foundation 40 and covers the floor area 46. In this first embodiment, the deck 58 is made of steel and has openings formed therein for the passage of the first pipe member 56 and the second pipe member 57.

[0056] The concrete slab 60 is made of concrete. The concrete slab 60 is supported by a strip foundation 40. The concrete slab 60 has a hatch 59 (described later), and openings 60a and 60b formed within it.

[0057] The hatch 59 is a metal component that opens and closes the openings 60a and 60b. The hatch 59 on the +X side is shown in the open state, and the hatch 59 on the -X side is shown in the closed state.

[0058] The opening 60a has an opening that is positioned opposite the positive electrode 6, and is an opening that allows access to the positive electrode 6, the first pipe member 56, and the second pipe member 57 through the opening in the deck 58.

[0059] The opening 60b has an opening facing the negative electrode 7, and is an opening that allows access to the negative electrode 7 and the second pipe member 57 through the opening in the deck 58. The number of openings 60a and 60b is not limited to two, but can be one or three or more. The size and position of openings 60a and 60b can also be set as appropriate.

[0060] In this first embodiment, for example, piping may be provided to supply the electrolyte substance to the mixture 4 through the opening 60a and the opening in the deck 58. In this case, it is preferable to supply the electrolyte substance in solution form, for example, by dissolving it in water.

[0061] Figure 7 shows the temporary scaffolding 61 and protective netting 65 installed near the foundation structure 30.

[0062] Temporary scaffolding 61 is, for example, external scaffolding such as a Biti scaffold, but is not limited to this.

[0063] The protective net 65 is installed on the +X side (outside) of the temporary scaffolding 61 and is a net designed to prevent objects such as tools from falling, as a safety measure for pedestrians in the surrounding area. The protective net 65 is attached to the components of the temporary scaffolding 61 via fastening members (not shown). In this first embodiment, the protective net 65 is equipped with a perovskite solar cell 70.

[0064] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing a protective net 65 equipped with perovskite solar cells 70. As shown in Figure 8, the protective net 65 has the perovskite solar cells 70 bonded in strips along the Y-axis to the surface of the mesh 76, which is the base material of the protective net 65. If the perovskite solar cells 70 were bonded to the entire surface of the mesh 76, the breathability, which is a function of the protective net 65, would be lost. For this reason, in this first embodiment, the perovskite solar cells 70 are partially bonded to the mesh 76. When the protective net 65 is installed on a temporary scaffolding 61, the perovskite solar cells 70 may be arranged along the X-axis or along the Z-axis.

[0065] Mesh 76 is a resin material (e.g., polyester) with multiple mesh openings that is resistant to rain and heat. To minimize the effects of wind, it is preferable that Mesh 76 have a void ratio of 10% to 55%, or in other words, a density of 45% to 90%. Furthermore, to prevent foreign matter from passing through, Mesh 76 can be fitted with mesh spacing (grid spacing) of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 3 mm. Note that minute foreign matter passing through mesh spacing of 0.5 mm or 1 mm is not a significant problem.

[0066] In this first embodiment, the porosity of the mesh 76 may be set according to the area covered by the perovskite solar cells 70. For example, suppose the porosity of a conventional protective net without perovskite solar cells 70 was 20%. Here, if the perovskite solar cells 70 cover 50% of the area of ​​the mesh 76, then by using a mesh 76 with a porosity of 35% to 45%, preferably 40%, the overall breathability of the protective net 65 can be ensured.

[0067] Furthermore, the mesh 76 is coated with a thermal conductive agent to conduct heat from the perovskite solar cell 70 to the mesh 76, forming a thermal conductive section 77 (see Figure 9). Since the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 70 decreases if it becomes too hot, transferring heat from the perovskite solar cell 70 to the mesh 76 side prevents a decrease in the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 70. As the thermal conductive agent, a heat dissipation grease can be used, for example, silicone grease can be applied.

[0068] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along arrow AA in Figure 8. Note that Figure 9 is a simplified illustration of the perovskite solar cell 70 and therefore differs from the actual dimensions. As shown in Figure 9, the perovskite solar cell 70 is constructed by stacking a first electrode 71 (positive electrode in this first embodiment), a hole transport layer 72, a perovskite layer 73, an electron transport layer 74, a second electrode 75 (negative electrode in this first embodiment), and a coating layer 78 on a mesh 76 base material via a heat conduction layer 77, in this order. It is preferable to provide a transparent protective layer on the surface of the second electrode 75, and it is preferable to apply a water-repellent treatment to this protective layer and form the coating layer 78.

[0069] If the proportion of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cell 70 to the area of ​​the mesh 76 increases, the amount of electricity generated by the perovskite solar cell 70 will increase, but the air permeability of the mesh 76 will decrease, and there is a risk that it will not meet the air permeability requirements of the protective net 65.

[0070] Therefore, in this first embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cells 70 to the area of ​​the mesh 76 is set to 15% to 75%, preferably 25% to 65%, and more preferably 35% to 50%. The ratio of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cells 70 to the area of ​​the mesh 76 may be determined by the power required when constructing the building protected by the protective net 65. Since the perovskite solar cells 70 generate electricity regardless of the position of the sun and even on cloudy days, they can be installed on all four sides of the building (east, west, south, and north). Furthermore, as the building gets taller, the temporary scaffolding 61 is also extended and raised, and the number of protective nets 65 used and the area of ​​the protective nets 65 also increase. For this reason, a sufficient power generation area can be obtained by the perovskite solar cells 70 in proportion to the size of the building.

[0071] Figure 10 is a block diagram of a control device 20 for controlling the charging and discharging of the capacitor 11 in this first embodiment. In this first embodiment, the capacitor 11 is charged by the perovskite solar cell 70 described above, but the embodiment is not limited to this.

[0072] The control device 20 includes a charge switch 12, a discharge switch 13, a communication unit 14, a memory 15, and a control unit 16.

[0073] The charging switch 12 is an on / off switch. When the switch is on, the capacitor 11 is charged by the perovskite solar cell 70, and when the switch is off, the capacitor 11 is not charged by the perovskite solar cell 70. In this first embodiment, the charging switch 12 may be omitted, and the capacitor 11 may be charged by the perovskite solar cell 70 at all times.

[0074] The discharge switch 13 is an on / off switch that discharges to the load when the switch is on and does not discharge to the load when the switch is off. Examples of loads include power supplies for lighting, power supplies for surveillance cameras, and power supplies for various sensors (motion sensors, sound level meters, fire sensors, etc.). If the power supply is AC power, it can be converted to AC power using an inverter.

[0075] The communication unit 14 is a wireless communication unit that accesses a wide-area network such as the Internet. The communication unit 14 may also use wired communication. In this first embodiment, the communication unit 14 communicates with a host computer located remotely.

[0076] The communication unit 14 communicates, for example, the daily charge and discharge amounts to the host computer. As construction progresses from low-rise to mid-rise and then to high-rise buildings, the number of protective nets 65 used and the area of ​​the protective nets 65 increase, and the power generation of the perovskite solar cells 70 increases. Accordingly, the amount of charge on the capacitor 11 increases, and the amount of discharge from the capacitor 11 also increases. As a result, the host computer can acquire charge and discharge amounts not only from one construction site, but also from multiple construction sites as construction progresses.

[0077] Furthermore, by installing solar power generation equipment on the roof of the building or perovskite solar cells 70 on the windows of the building, electricity derived from sunlight can be used to charge the capacitor 11 even after the building is completed. The communication unit 14 may also communicate the daily charge and discharge amounts to the host computer even after completion. The electricity stored in the capacitor 11 can be used for various lighting and as emergency power during power outages after completion. Needless to say, perovskite solar cells installed on the windows of the building do not require the ventilation required by the protective net 65.

[0078] Memory 15 is a non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory) and stores a program for controlling the charging and discharging of capacitor 11. Memory 15 also stores, for example, the daily charge and discharge amounts of capacitor 11. Memory 15 may also store the hourly charge and discharge amounts.

[0079] The control unit 16 is equipped with a CPU and controls the charging and discharging of the capacitor 11. In this first embodiment, the control unit 16 monitors the voltage of the capacitor 11 and, if the voltage falls below a lower threshold, turns off the discharge switch 13 to prevent discharge to the load. Alternatively, the control unit 16 may control the capacitor to stop charging by turning off the charge switch 12 if the voltage rises above an upper threshold.

[0080] As described above, in this first embodiment, electricity generated from natural energy sources such as sunlight can be charged and utilized from the time of construction to after completion of the building, thus enabling construction work and buildings with low carbon dioxide emissions.

[0081] (Second Embodiment) The second embodiment will be described below with reference to Figure 11, but the same reference numerals will be used for components that are the same as in the first embodiment, and their descriptions will be omitted or simplified. In the second embodiment, the floor area 46 is divided into two by concrete partition blocks 63.

[0082] Figure 11 shows how the separator 5, positive electrode 6, and negative electrode 7, which are part of the capacitor 11's configuration, are arranged on the strip foundation of the second embodiment. In this way, two capacitors 11 may be arranged in the divided floor area 46. Furthermore, the number of divisions is not limited to two and can be set arbitrarily.

[0083] In this case, the capacitor 11 including the mixture 4 may be unitized, and the unitized capacitor 11 may be placed in the floor area 46. An example of unitization is the capacitor 11 shown in Figure 3, which may be provided with a lid on its top surface. In this case, the lid may be provided with openings according to the positions of the separator 5, the positive electrode 6, and the negative electrode 7, and an opening / closing mechanism may be provided to open and close these openings.

[0084] The embodiments described above are preferred examples of the present invention. However, the invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the unitized capacitor 11 may be installed under a concrete road. The concrete protects it from rainwater, and since the concrete is removed during gas or sewage work, maintenance and replacement of the capacitor 11 can be performed, resulting in a safe and user-friendly capacitor 11. [Explanation of symbols]

[0085] 2...Soil 3...Copper plate 4...Mixture 5...Separator 6...Positive electrode 7... Negative electrode 11... Capacitor 12... Charging switch 13…Discharge switch 16…Control unit 20…Control device 30...Foundation structure 40...Fabric foundation 51...First holding part 54... Resin material 45... Ground 46... Concrete floor area 60... Concrete floor

Claims

1. An electrically conductive material containing carbon black is mixed with soil containing ions, and an ionic solution is added to form a conductive part. A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are provided in the conductive part to form an electric double-layer capacitor. A charging method for charging an electric double-layer capacitor using a perovskite solar cell.

2. The charging method according to claim 1, wherein the internal resistance of the conductive part is adjusted by the amount of carbon black added and by adjusting the contact state between the soil and the carbon black by compacting the conductive part.

3. The charging method according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite solar cell is partially bonded to a breathable protective net.

4. The protective net has a base material, The charging method according to claim 3, wherein the perovskite solar cell is joined to the protective net via a heat conduction portion that conducts the heat of the perovskite solar cell to the base material.

5. The charging method according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite solar cell is installed in the window of a building.

6. The charging method according to claim 5, wherein the electric double-layer capacitor is provided in the foundation of the building.

7. The aforementioned foundation comprises a slab provided on the ground and strip foundations provided on both sides of the slab. The charging method according to claim 6, wherein the electric double-layer capacitor is provided in the space formed by the slab and the strip foundation.

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