Power supply system and power supply method

Abstract

To realize the supply of economical, demand-matched, and environmentally friendly electricity. [Solution] In a power supply system including an adjustable power source in which the amount of power supplied can be adjusted and a variable power source in which the amount of power supplied cannot be adjusted, wherein the variable power source includes at least one low environmental load power source, and the adjustable power source includes at least one charging and discharging equipment, the amount of power supplied from the adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system are controlled so as to satisfy the target total supply at the predicted time, reduce the deficit of the target total low environmental load power supply to the predicted total demand which is the sum of the predicted demand for low environmental load power, and increase the profit and loss of the amount of power traded with the external power supply system.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a power supply system and a power supply method. [Background technology]

[0002] With growing concern for environmental protection, there is increasing demand for low-environmental-impact electricity that has less impact on the environment. For example, the United Nations has proposed the international initiative "24 / 7 Carbon Free Energy" (hereinafter, "24 / 7 CFE") to aim for the decarbonization of electricity. 24 / 7 CFE is an initiative to realize and promote the provision of carbon-free electricity according to demand using the same power supply system as the consumer's facilities.

[0003] Traditionally, methods have been proposed to reduce environmental impact, such as supporting electricity supply that matches demand, and utilizing or controlling renewable energy sources whose generation is often affected by weather and time of day. For example, Patent Document 1 describes an operation planning device for formulating an operation plan regarding the adjustment power from the power grid for a hydrogen production plant that is connected to a power grid and includes a renewable energy power generation device, a water electrolysis device, and a hydrogen storage facility.

[0004] Patent Document 2 describes a system that collects information indicating the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy power generation facilities, the amount of electricity received from the power grid, and the amount of electricity released from dwellings into the power grid, as well as the amount of electricity measured by electricity meters. The system calculates the amount of electricity consumed by power loads out of the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy power generation facilities, and generates information indicating the environmental value of consuming the electricity generated by renewable energy power generation facilities in dwellings based on the amount of electricity consumed.

[0005] Patent Document 3 describes a charging and discharging system that selects one of several operating modes based on load power prediction data, solar power generation prediction data, operating mode data, AC power supplied from the commercial grid and price data of AC power supplied to the commercial grid, power conversion efficiency data of the power converter during charging and discharging of the storage battery, and current time data.

[0006] Patent Document 4 describes a photovoltaic power generation system that controls output power so that the interconnection point power at the interconnection point with the power grid becomes a target power according to the control mode. Patent Document 5 describes a control system that calculates the demand forecast and supply plan values ​​for the entire power grid, and distributes the difference between the demand forecast and the supply plan values ​​to the control targets installed in the power distribution system based on a cost optimization method.

[0007] Patent Document 6 describes an energy management system that predicts energy demand based on data related to electrical equipment of consumers supplied with power from a power distribution network, calculates an operating schedule for electrical equipment that can optimize the energy balance for consumers based on the predicted energy demand, and controls the electrical equipment based on the calculated operating schedule. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2024-8573 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-61733 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2021 / 001993 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-170901 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-143835 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-222293 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] However, none of the methods described in Patent Documents 1-6 use the supply amount of low-environmental-impact electricity as a control target or constraint. Furthermore, they do not consider the profits and losses from electricity trading with external power supply systems. This application was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and one of its objectives is to realize the supply of economical and demand-appropriate low-environmental-impact electricity. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] A power supply system according to the first embodiment includes: a demand forecasting unit that uses a demand forecasting model to predict the predicted demand amount, which is the predicted value of the power consumption at a demand point at a predicted time later than the present time, based on the power usage status at the demand point where power is supplied from the distribution equipment; a target setting unit that sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of the target values ​​of the power supply amount from multiple power sources and the power transaction amount with the external power supply system, and a target total low environmental load power supply amount, which is the sum of the target values ​​of the supply amount of low environmental load power, so that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate for each demand point and satisfies the predicted demand amount; and a supply control unit that controls the power supply amount from the multiple power sources. The plurality of power sources include adjustable power sources whose power supply amount can be adjusted and variable power sources whose power supply amount cannot be adjusted, the variable power source includes at least one low environmental load power source, the adjustable power source includes at least one charging and discharging equipment, and the supply control unit controls the amount of power supplied from the adjustable power sources and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so as to satisfy the target total supply amount at the predicted time, reduce the deficit of the target total low environmental load power supply amount to the predicted total demand amount which is the sum of the predicted demand amounts of the low environmental load power, and increase the profit and loss of the amount of power traded with the external power supply system.

[0011] A power supply method according to a second embodiment comprises a plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source in which the amount of power supplied can be adjusted and a variable power source in which the amount of power supplied cannot be adjusted, wherein the variable power source includes at least one low environmental load power source, and the adjustable power source includes at least one charging and discharging equipment, comprising: a forecast step in which a demand forecasting unit forecasts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of the power consumption at a predicted time later than the present, using a demand forecasting model based on the power usage status at a demand point where power is supplied from a power distribution facility; a setting step in which a target setting unit sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of the target values ​​of the amount of power supplied from the plurality of power sources and the amount of power traded with an external power supply system, and a target total low environmental load power supply amount, which is the target value of the sum of the amount of low environmental load power supplied, so that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate for each demand point, and a control step in which a supply control unit controls the amount of power supplied from the plurality of power sources, wherein the control step is The method includes controlling the amount of power supplied from the adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so as to satisfy the target total supply at the predicted time, reduce the deficit of the target total low environmental load power supply to the predicted total demand which is the sum of the predicted demand for the low environmental load power, and increase the profit and loss on the amount of power traded with the external power supply system. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to realize the supply of economical and demand-matched low-environmental-impact electricity. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of the power supply system according to this embodiment. [Figure 2] This is an explanatory diagram showing a first example of a demand point according to this embodiment. [Figure 3] This is an explanatory diagram showing a second example of a demand point according to this embodiment. [Figure 4]This figure shows an example of controlling the amount of power supplied to each power source and the transaction amount with the external power supply system according to this embodiment. [Figure 5] This is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the consumer terminal device according to this embodiment. [Figure 6] This is an explanatory diagram illustrating a demand forecasting model according to this embodiment. [Figure 7] This figure shows an example of the data structure of usage information according to this embodiment. [Figure 8] This is a block diagram showing a first application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. [Figure 9] This block diagram shows a second application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. [Figure 10] This block diagram shows a third application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. [Figure 11] This is a block diagram showing a fourth application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. [Figure 12] This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the management of power consumption for each type of power source according to this embodiment. [Figure 13] This is a schematic block diagram showing an example configuration of a computer system according to an embodiment of the present application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, an overview of the embodiments of the present invention will be described using the drawings. Figure 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a power supply system PS according to this embodiment. The power supply system PS is composed of a prediction system 20, a power supply management system 30, a power supply system 40, and a power transmission and distribution system 50. The power supply system PS is connected to the external power supply system PSB via interconnection lines, enabling the transmission of power between them. The power supply system PS is also connected to the trading system 54 and the weather information system 70 via a communication network, enabling the transmission and reception of various data.

[0015] An external power supply system (PSB) is an example of a power supply system separate from the power supply system (PS). The PSB independently includes a power supply system (40B) and a power transmission / distribution system (50B). Figure 1 shows, but is not limited to, one external power supply system (PSB). The number of external power supply systems (PSB) connected to the power supply system (PS) can be two or more. The power supply system PS and the external power supply system PSB each have interconnection points (not shown) that terminate the interconnection lines. Interconnection points are connected to other power supply systems via interconnection lines, enabling the mutual transmission of power. Interconnection points exchange power with other power supply systems (i.e., receive or transmit power) based on trading commands from trading system 54.

[0016] The trading system 54 implements the functions of the electricity trading market. For example, the trading system 54 compares the first order information (sell order) obtained from the first business operator with the second order information (purchase order) obtained from the second business operator, and determines that an electricity transaction is concluded under those selling or purchasing conditions when the selling conditions indicated in the first order information satisfy the purchasing conditions indicated in the second order information. The selling conditions and purchasing conditions are specified as conditions for the exchange of electricity, with a time period later than the present, transaction volume, unit price, and region. The trading system 54 identifies the interconnection point among the pre-set interconnection points that connects the electricity supply systems of each business operator involved in the concluded electricity transaction, and outputs a trading command indicating the exchange of electricity under the transaction conditions related to that electricity transaction to the identified interconnection point.

[0017] Each demand point 60 is supplied with power directly or indirectly from the power transmission and distribution system 50. Figure 1 shows one demand point 60, but is not limited to this. Generally, there are multiple demand points 60 that are supplied with power from the power supply system PS. A demand point 60 is, for example, a power supply point. A power supply point is a control unit for power supply from a power company to a consumer, or a contract unit for a contract related to said power supply. Power is supplied directly to each power supply point from the distribution equipment of the power transmission and distribution system 50. A distribution board may be installed at a power supply point, as illustrated in Figure 2. The distribution board terminates the distribution equipment of the power transmission and distribution system 50 and functions as a branching point 62 that branches the power line terminated at it into two or more other power lines. One or more electrical devices that become loads are connected downstream of the branching point 62. In the example in Figure 2, two loads 66-1 and 66-2 are connected.

[0018] The demand point 60 may also be a demand unit. A demand unit is set downstream of the power supply point. A portion of the power supplied to the power supply point is supplied to the demand unit under a contract between the power company and the consumer. In the example in Figure 3, demand unit 64-1 is a subdivided branch downstream of the branching point 62. The demand point 60 may be the entire facility that constitutes the power supply point, a part of the space, or specific equipment or a collection thereof.

[0019] Returning to Figure 1, the consumer terminal device 12 acquires information indicating the electricity usage status at the demand point 60 (sometimes referred to as "electricity usage status" in this application) and notifies the forecasting system 20 of the acquired electricity usage status. The consumer terminal device 12 may be configured as a dedicated electricity meter (e.g., a smart meter) or as a general-purpose electronic device whose primary purpose is not electricity measurement (e.g., a router, a PC (personal computer), a mobile phone (e.g., a smartphone), etc.). The electricity usage status includes the actual value of power consumption at the demand point 60 (sometimes referred to as "actual power consumption" in this application). The electricity usage status may also include information that is a factor influencing fluctuations in the amount of electricity used at the demand point 60.

[0020] The forecasting system 20 includes a demand forecasting unit 22, a variable power generation forecasting unit 24, and a market price forecasting unit 26. The demand forecasting unit 22 uses a trained demand forecasting model to predict the predicted power consumption at a later predicted time based on the power usage status at each demand point 60, using a pre-set demand forecasting model. The demand forecasting unit 22 notifies the power supply management system 30 of the predicted demand. The demand forecasting unit 22 uses the actual power consumption up to the present time included in the power usage status at each demand point 60 and the weather information notified by the weather information system 70 as input values ​​(explanatory variables), and calculates the predicted demand as an output value (dependent variable).

[0021] The variable power generation forecasting unit 24 uses a power generation forecasting model to predict the amount of power generated at a predicted time, which is later than the current time, for each variable power source. The variable power generation forecasting unit 24 notifies the power supply management system 30 of the calculated predicted power generation for each variable power source. A variable power source is a power source whose power supply amount, i.e., power generation amount, is variable but whose power generation amount cannot be adjusted. Variable power sources constitute a part of the power supply system 40. The variable power generation forecasting unit 24 uses the factors that cause fluctuations in the amount of power generated for each variable power source as input values ​​and calculates the predicted power generation amount as an output value. Factors that cause fluctuations in the amount of power generated include, for example, meteorological information related to the weather at the predicted time notified by the meteorological information system 70.

[0022] Each variable power source may be equipped with a power meter to measure the amount of power generated, and the measured actual value of the power generated may be notified to the variable power source power generation prediction unit 24 as the actual power generated. The variable power source power generation prediction unit 24 collects datasets that include the factors causing fluctuations in power generation and the actual power generated as input and output values, respectively, to construct training data. The variable power source power generation prediction unit 24 may learn a power generation prediction model so that the estimated value calculated based on the input value of the training data as a whole approximates the output value as closely as possible.

[0023] The market price forecasting unit 26 uses a market price forecasting model to determine the trading price per unit of electricity at a predetermined time for trading in the electricity trading market. The market price forecasting unit 26 notifies the electricity supply management system 30 of the calculated trading price. The market price forecasting unit 26 uses market price fluctuation factors as input values ​​and calculates the trading price as an output value. Market price fluctuation factors include, for example, weather information related to the weather at the predicted time notified by the weather information system 70.

[0024] The trading system 54 notifies the market price forecasting unit 26 of the unit price of electricity involved in the completed electricity transaction. The market price forecasting unit 26 collects a dataset containing the factors influencing market price fluctuations and the transaction price as input and output values, respectively, for each time period to construct training data. The trading system 54 may train a market price forecasting model so that the estimated value calculated based on the input value of the training data as a whole approximates the output value as closely as possible.

[0025] The power supply management system 30 includes a target setting unit 32 and a supply control unit 34. The target setting unit 32 sets the target total supply amount and the target total low environmental load power supply amount at the predicted time so as to satisfy the predicted demand for each of the demand points 60 and so as to be equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate. Here, satisfying the predicted demand for each of the demand points 60 means setting the target total supply amount so as to be equal to or greater than the sum of the predicted demand for each of the demand points 60 at the predicted time. The ratio of low environmental load power corresponds to the proportion of low environmental load power that is accounted for by low environmental load power in the predicted demand. The target setting unit 32 can estimate the predicted demand for low environmental load power as the low environmental load power supply amount by multiplying the predicted demand for each of the demand points 60 by a predetermined target rate. The target setting unit 32 sets the target total low environmental load power supply amount so as to be equal to or greater than the sum of the low environmental load power supply amounts for each of the demand points 60.

[0026] The target total supply is the sum of the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from multiple power sources constituting the power supply system 40 (sometimes referred to as "target supply amount" in this application) and the power transaction amounts with the external power supply system. The power transaction amount with the external power supply system refers to the amount of electricity transmitted by the power flow that occurs between the external power supply system and the power supply system PS. For example, the power transaction amount with the external power supply system PSB refers to the amount of electricity supplied from the external power supply system PSB to the power supply system PS or the amount of electricity provided from the power supply system PS to the external power supply system PSB. When power is supplied from the external power supply system PSB to the power supply system PS, the target total supply is the sum of the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from multiple power sources and the target value of the power supply amount from the external power supply system PSB. When power is provided from the power supply system PS to the external power supply system PSB, the target total supply is the difference between the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from multiple power sources and the amount of electricity provided to the external power supply system PSB.

[0027] The target low-environmental-load power supply amount corresponds to the sum of the target amounts of low-environmental-load power supplied from multiple power sources that make up the power supply system 40. That is, the target low-environmental-load power supply amount corresponds to the sum of the target values ​​of power supplied from low-environmental-load power sources (sometimes referred to as "low-environmental-load power sources" in this application) within the power supply system 40.

[0028] The supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supplied from the power supply system 40 based on the target total supply amount and the target total low environmental load power supply amount notified by the target setting unit 32. The power supply system 40 comprises multiple power sources. These power sources may be located at different geographical locations. Some charging equipment and low-environmental-impact power sources that cannot adjust their power supply may be connected in close proximity to each other within a certain area, enabling power transmission. Each power source directly or indirectly supplies the power it acquires to its respective demand point 60. At least some power sources are connected to distribution equipment forming the power transmission and distribution system 50, supplying the power they acquire to the distribution equipment. Other power sources may be connected to specific demand points 60 without being connected to distribution equipment, supplying the power they acquire to the demand points 60.

[0029] Multiple power sources include adjustable power sources and variable power sources. An adjustable power source is a power source whose power supply amount can be adjusted. A variable power source is a power source whose power supply amount fluctuates but whose power supply amount cannot be adjusted. A variable power source includes at least one low environmental impact power source 42. An adjustable power source includes at least one charging device 46. The charging device 46 is capable of both charging itself and discharging itself. Not limited to the variable power sources described above, each power source may be equipped with a power meter to measure the amount of power supplied, and the measured actual supply amount may be notified to the supply control unit 34 as the actual supply amount. The supply control unit 34 may notify the customer terminal device 12 of the actual supply amount at that time.

[0030] The supply control unit 34 controls the power supply amount of each adjustable power source and the power transaction amount with the external power supply system so as to meet the target total supply amount at the predicted time, reduce the deficit of the target total low environmental load power supply amount relative to the predicted total demand amount, and increase the profit and loss of the power transaction amount with the external power supply system. The predicted total demand amount corresponds to the sum of the predicted demand amounts of low environmental load power for each demand point. The predicted demand amount of low environmental load power is calculated by multiplying the predicted demand amount of all power by a predetermined target rate for low environmental load power. The supply control unit 34 is also notified of the predicted power generation amount of the variable power sources from the variable power generation amount prediction unit 24. Variable power sources include low environmental load power sources. Therefore, the sum of the predicted power generation amount of each variable power source, the power supply amount of each adjustable power source, and the power transaction amount with the external power supply system at a given predicted time amount corresponds to the total supply amount. The sum of the predicted power generation amount of each variable power source, which is a low environmental load power source, and the power supply amount of each adjustable power source, which is a low environmental load power source, corresponds to the total low environmental load power supply amount.

[0031] Profit and loss on electricity trading volume refers to the revenue obtained when a power company managing the power supply system PS provides electricity to an external power supply system (also called selling electricity, trading, etc.) and the expenses that it must bear when receiving electricity from an external power supply system (also called procuring, purchasing, buying electricity, etc.). In other words, the concept of increasing profit and loss includes both increasing revenue from selling electricity and decreasing expenses required for purchasing electricity. Generally, the more the sales volume or purchase volume increases, the more revenue or expenses associated with the transaction increase, respectively. The supply control unit 34 obtains market price information indicating the unit price of electricity trading at the predicted time from the forecasting system 20, and calculates profit and loss by multiplying the unit price of electricity trading shown in the market price information by the electricity trading volume.

[0032] However, the ratio of low-environmental-load power to the power discharged from the charging equipment 46 is constrained by the ratio of low-environmental-load power to the power charged into the charging equipment 46. Charging the charging equipment 46 may be considered as a negative power supply from the charging equipment 46. Here, the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34 may manage the amount of low-environmental-load power, which is a part of the amount of power charged and discharged into the charging equipment 46, separately. That is, each part of the charging equipment 46 (capacity) can be considered as a demand unit (during charging) or adjustable power source (during discharging) of non-low-environmental-load power, or a demand unit (during charging) or adjustable power source (during discharging) of low-environmental-load power, respectively. However, charging and discharging do not occur simultaneously in each individual charging equipment 46. The target setting unit 32 includes the predicted value of the total charge amount of the charging equipment 46 at the predicted time as the predicted demand amount (power consumption) in the target total demand amount, and includes the predicted value of the charge amount related to low environmental load power as the predicted value of the charge amount of low environmental load power in the target total low environmental load power supply amount. The supply control unit 34 controls the discharge amount of non-low environmental load power from the charging equipment 46 at the predicted time as the power supply amount from the adjustable power source of non-low environmental load power, and the discharge amount of low environmental load power from the charging equipment 46 as the power supply amount from the adjustable power supply of low environmental load power.

[0033] Figure 12 illustrates a case where a portion of the capacity of the battery 46b, which constitutes the charging equipment 46, is allocated to CFE power, and another portion is allocated to non-CFE power. CFE power is an example of low-environmental-impact power that does not involve CO2 emissions during the power generation process. Non-CFE power is an example of non-low-environmental-impact power, which is a component separate from low-environmental-impact power. Here, the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34 set the charge amount BC from each power source to the battery 46b. g,b , remaining charge of battery 46b BR b and the amount of discharge BD from battery 46d to demand point 60. b,d The amount of CFE power charged from the CFE power supply 42c to the storage battery 46b is BC_cfe. g,b , remaining CFE power of battery 46b BR_cfe b and the amount of discharge BD_cfe from battery 46b to demand point 60 b,d And the amount of non-CFE power charged from non-CFE power source 44n to battery 46b BC_noncfeg,b 1. The remaining amount of non-CFE power, BR_noncfe, of the storage battery 46b b 2. The discharge amount, BD_noncfe, from the storage battery 46b to the demand point 60 b,d These are managed separately.

[0034] The supply control unit 34 controls the power supply amount from each adjustable power source constituting the power system 40 and the power trading volume with the external power supply system so that the predicted total demand amount of power at the prediction time is less than or equal to the target total supply amount, and the shortage amount of the predicted total demand amount of the target total low environmental load power supply amount decreases. The adjustable power sources to be controlled may also include the charging facility 46. Therefore, the power system 40 and the external power supply system can supply power so as to satisfy the power demand at each demand point 60 and to make the ratio of low environmental load power be at least the predetermined target ratio as much as possible. Also, the control of the power supply amount from each power source constituting the power system 40 and the power trading volume with the external power supply system is performed so that the profit and loss for the power trading with the external power supply system increases. Therefore, the power supply system PS can economically stabilize the power supply and demand through the power trading with the external power supply system.

[0035] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a control example of the power supply amount for each power source according to the present embodiment and the trading volume with the external power supply system. In the example of FIG. 4, the power system 40 includes a solar power generator, a wind power generator, a storage battery, and an adjustable CFE power source, and is connected to the external power supply system. The solar power plant and the wind power plant are examples of CFE power sources that are variable power sources. The storage battery is an example of the charging facility 46. The adjustable CFE power source refers to a CFE power source that is an adjustable power source. The adjustable CFE power source is, for example, a hydrogen power generator.

[0036] Figure 4 shows time periods on the horizontal axis and power consumption on the vertical axis. Each time period is 1 hour long. The dashed lines show the total demand for each time period. During the nighttime hours from 0:00 to 4:00 and from 18:00 to 23:00, the total demand is less than the total demand during other time periods. During the nighttime, power is mainly supplied from wind power plants and adjustable CFE power sources, with additional power supplied from external power supply systems via the electricity market (market procurement). However, solar power plants are not in operation. Power that cannot be met by the power supplied from wind power plants and adjustable CFE power sources is supplied from external power supply systems. During this time period, no power is discharged from the storage batteries.

[0037] During the morning hours from 5:00 to 8:00, total demand increases over time, with increased power supply from solar power plants and decreased power supply from adjustable CFE power sources and external power supply systems. Before 8:00, power supply from adjustable CFE power sources becomes zero, and the total supply, which is the sum of power supply from solar and wind power plants, exceeds total demand. Charging of the battery with surplus power not consumed by each demand point 60 begins.

[0038] During the daytime, from 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM, total demand is greater than total demand at other times. During this time, the total supply from solar and wind power plants exceeds total demand. From 9:00 AM to 1:00 PM, some of the surplus electricity is stored in batteries, while other portions are provided to external power supply systems (surplus market sales). If the batteries reach full charge before 2:00 PM, charging to the batteries stops, and the surplus electricity is provided to external power supply systems.

[0039] In the evening, from 3 PM to 5 PM, total demand decreases as time progresses, and the amount of electricity supplied from solar power plants decreases. Before 3 PM, the total supply, which is the sum of the electricity supplied from solar and wind power plants, falls below the total demand. Therefore, power supply from adjustable CFE power sources and batteries is started to meet the demand at each of the 60 demand points. During this time, the batteries have dischargeable electricity stored, and the trading price of electricity procured from the external power supply system is high, so discharge from the batteries is prioritized. Also, the amount of electricity supplied from solar power plants becomes zero before 6 PM. Furthermore, from 7 PM onwards, from 7 PM to 8 PM, the amount of electricity discharged from the batteries from the surplus electricity decreases, while the amount of electricity supplied from the external power supply system increases. This is because during this time, the trading price of electricity supplied from the external power supply system tends to be lower than the trading price of electricity already charged in the batteries.

[0040] Next, an example of the functional configuration of the consumer terminal device 12 according to this embodiment will be described. Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the consumer terminal device 12 according to this embodiment. The consumer terminal device 12 may be configured as an information device having a general-purpose computer system, or as a dedicated monitoring device. The consumer terminal device 12 may be implemented in any of the following forms, for example, a personal computer, a tablet terminal device, or a mobile phone.

[0041] The customer terminal device 12 comprises a control unit 122, a storage unit 124, a display unit 126, an operation input unit 128, and an input / output unit 130. The control unit 122 performs various processes to provide the functions of the customer terminal device 12. The control unit 122 includes a setting processing unit 122a and an output processing unit 122b. The setting processing unit 122a displays a predetermined setting screen on the display unit 126 and sets various setting information according to the operation information input from the operation input unit 128. The setting information includes some or all of the following: a location ID (Identifier) ​​indicating the area corresponding to the demand point 60, activity information indicating the activities at the demand point 60, usage information related to the use of equipment related to the demand unit 64, and the network address of the weather information site from which weather information is obtained. The location ID is an example of identification information for individual demand points 60. Activities refer to the activities of the demander at the demand point 60, such as work, tasks, and actions by the demander. The setting processing unit 122a associates the location ID with the other setting information and notifies the demand forecasting unit 22.

[0042] The target value for the ratio of low-environmental-impact power supplied to the demand point 60 may be a predetermined fixed value (for example, 100%), but is not limited to this. Taking CFE power as an example of low-environmental-impact power, the setting processing unit 122a may set the target CFE rate according to the operation information input from the operation input unit 128. The target CFE rate corresponds to the target value for the ratio of CFE power. The control unit 122 notifies the target setting unit 32 of the set target CFE rate in association with the location ID of the demand point 60. Furthermore, the setting processing unit 122a may be configured to set the CFE power application period for the demand point 60 according to the operation information input from the operation input unit 128. The control unit 122 notifies the target setting unit 32 of the set CFE power application period, associating it with the location ID of the demand point 60.

[0043] The CFE power application period refers to the period during which the CFE ratio of the power supplied to demand point 60 is equal to or greater than the target CFE ratio. In other words, the CFE power application period is the period during which the target CFE ratio is applied to the power supplied to demand point 60. That is, the notified CFE power application period corresponds to the period during which the predicted demand amount of demand point 60 is used in the calculation of the target total low environmental load power supply amount by the target setting unit 32. When the CFE power application period is set according to the operation information, the CFE power included in the power supplied to demand point 60 outside of the CFE power application period is not included in the target total low environmental load power supply amount by the target setting unit 32.

[0044] The output processing unit 122b may configure a display screen that shows power supply information to the demand point 60. The output processing unit 122b displays the configured display screen on the display unit 126. The power supply information may include the actual value of the power supplied to the demand point 60 and the actual value of the CFE rate. The output processing unit 122b calculates the actual value of the supplied power (sometimes referred to as "actual supplied power" in this application) by compensating for the attenuation associated with transmission from each power source to the power notified from the power meter 12a. The output processing unit 122b can calculate the actual supplied power by multiplying the actual power consumption by the composition ratio of the amount of power generated by each power source and dividing by the attenuation rate related to that power source. The output processing unit 122b may set the actual CFE rate for the demand point 60 (sometimes referred to as the "actual CFE rate" in this application) as the product obtained by multiplying the preset target CFE rate by the ratio of the actual amount of CFE power supplied to the target amount of CFE power supplied. The actual amount of CFE power supplied corresponds to the total amount of CFE power supplied from the CFE power sources. The actual amount of CFE power supplied from each CFE power source is notified via the supply control unit 34. If the obtained actual CFE rate exceeds 100%, the output processing unit 122b may set the actual CFE rate for the demand unit 64 to 100%.

[0045] The memory unit 124 temporarily or permanently stores data used or generated by the control unit 122. The memory unit 124 includes a storage medium such as ROM (Read Only Memory) or RAM (Random Access Memory). The memory unit 124 stores, for example, the above-mentioned setting screen, display screen templates, power supply information, usage status information, etc. The display unit 126 displays various display information according to the control unit 122. For example, the display unit 126 displays the above-mentioned setting screen, setting information, etc. The display unit 126 may be, for example, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) display or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display.

[0046] The operation input unit 128 receives user input and outputs operation information corresponding to the received operation to the control unit 122. The operation input unit 128 is, for example, an input device such as a touch sensor, mouse, or keyboard. The input / output unit 130 inputs and outputs various types of data via wired or wireless connections to devices separate from the customer terminal device 12.

[0047] A power meter 12a is installed at the demand point 60. The power meter 12a measures the power consumption at the demand point 60. The power meter 12a is equipped with a power sensor and an input / output interface. The power sensor measures the power flowing through the power line connected to the demand point 60. The input / output interface transmits the power measured by the power sensor to the customer terminal device 12 wirelessly or via a wired connection.

[0048] The consumer terminal device 12 may be configured separately from the power meter 12a, as illustrated in Figure 5, or it may be configured as a single electronic device with the power meter 12a integrated into it, or it may be configured separately from the power meter 12a. The consumer terminal device 12 equipped with the power meter 12a may be configured as a monitoring device (e.g., a smart meter).

[0049] The computer system of the consumer terminal device 12 downloads an application program (sometimes referred to as an "app" in this application) from a predetermined distribution server connected to a communication network and executes the app to realize the functions of the consumer terminal device 12. Alternatively, the functions of the consumer terminal device 12 may be realized by executing a predetermined application program. Furthermore, some or all of the display unit 126 and the operation input unit 128 may be omitted from the customer terminal device 12 if they can be connected to other parts of the customer terminal device 12 wirelessly or via wired connection to input and output data.

[0050] Next, an example of a demand forecasting model related to the demand forecasting unit 22 will be described. Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a demand forecasting model according to this embodiment. The demand forecasting model is a mathematical model configured for each of the 60 demand points, used in the inference stage to calculate predicted power consumption as an output value from input values ​​representing usage information. The demand forecasting unit 22 learns a demand forecasting model using training data. The training data includes multiple datasets. Each dataset includes input values ​​(explanatory variables) that show usage information at a specific point in the past, and actual power consumption at that point in time (dependent variable), and these are associated with each other. During the learning phase, the demand forecasting unit 22 searches for a parameter set in which the predicted value calculated from the input values ​​using the demand forecasting model approximates the output value more closely than the training data as a whole.

[0051] The demand forecasting unit 22 uses a machine learning model such as a decision tree, random forest, or neural network as the demand forecasting model. An index value indicating the degree of approximation between the predicted value and the output value is applied, such as the L2 norm, cross-entropy, or a weighted sum thereof. In training the demand learning model, methods such as the steepest descent method or random search method are applied. The demand forecasting unit 22 repeats the process of searching for a parameter set until the magnitude of the difference between the predicted value and the output value falls below a certain convergence threshold. The demand forecasting unit 22 may also verify, through cross-validation, whether the error between the predicted value and the output value relative to the input value is less than a predetermined error threshold, using test data consisting of multiple existing datasets separate from the training data. The demand forecasting unit 22 applies the parameter set for which the error is less than the error threshold, obtained through cross-validation, to the inference of actual power consumption.

[0052] Next, we will describe an example of the data structure of the usage information used as input values. Figure 7 shows an example of the data structure of the usage information according to this embodiment. The usage information includes location ID, business / production schedule, weather information, and actual demand volume, and these are associated with each other. The location ID is identification information that identifies individual demand locations. The sales / production schedule is an example of activity information by consumers at demand point 60 and equipment usage information at demand point 60. The sales calendar represents activity information. The sales calendar includes information such as whether or not there is business on each day, business hours on business days, the duration of each task during business hours, their locations, and participants. The planned equipment usage includes information such as the usage period for each piece of equipment installed at the 60 demand points.

[0053] Weather information includes, in whole or in part, information such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, dew temperature, weather, and precipitation / snowfall. Weather information can be obtained from weather information websites. Sales / production schedules and weather information may include not only the planned schedule at the predicted time, but also the planned schedule for the period before and after that time, and actual results up to the most recent point in time. The actual demand data shows the actual power consumption at regular intervals (30 minutes in the example in Figure 7). The actual demand data includes the 30-minute cumulative demand, derived amounts, and the CFE rate. The 30-minute cumulative demand is the amount of power obtained by integrating the actual power consumption every 30 minutes. The actual power consumption is the power notified by the power meter 12a. The derived amounts may include the actual value from the previous day, a moving average, etc. The actual CFE rate (described later) calculated by the output processing unit 122b of the consumer terminal device 12 may be applied.

[0054] The demand forecasting unit 22 may simultaneously execute a learning process in which it sequentially constructs training data and learns a demand forecasting model using the constructed training data, and a calculation process in which it uses the learned demand forecasting model to calculate predicted power consumption from usage information. In this case, the demand forecasting unit 22 may synchronize or asynchronously execute the learning process and the inference process. Alternatively, the demand forecasting unit 22 may not execute the learning process and instead execute the inference process using a demand forecasting model learned by another device.

[0055] <Power supply operation control method> Next, a specific example of a power supply operation control method in the power supply system PS according to this embodiment will be described. This method assumes the use of adjustable power supplies, variable power supplies, and charging equipment as multiple power supplies, and the exchange of power with an external power supply system (e.g., an external power supply system PSB) for a fee. In the following description, power procurement from the external power supply system and power supply to the external power supply system will be referred to as "market procurement" and "market sales," respectively, and both may be collectively referred to as "market transactions." Furthermore, the case mainly assumes that the low environmental impact power is CFE power, the charging equipment is a storage battery, and power supplies other than the charging equipment are generators. The multiple power supplies include CFE power supplies, and the CFE rate in the total amount of power supplied from each of the multiple power supplies and other power supply systems is constrained so as not to fall below the target CFE rate.

[0056] The supply control unit 34 controls the power supply amount of each of the multiple power sources and the power trading amount with the external power supply system so that the target total supply amount is met, the CFE constraint deviation is reduced, and the profit and loss on the amount of power traded with the external power supply system is increased at each predicted time within the forecast period after the present time. The profit or loss on the volume of electricity transactions with the external power supply system includes either or both of the profit or loss on electricity procurement and sales and the profit or loss on charge and discharge transactions. The profit or loss on electricity procurement and sales is an indicator obtained by subtracting the costs related to procuring electricity from the external power supply system from the revenue from the sale of electricity from power sources other than the charging equipment among the power sources provided in the power supply system 40 to the external power supply system.

[0057] The charge-discharge transaction profit / loss is an indicator obtained by subtracting the cost of procuring electricity to charge the battery from the external power supply system from the revenue from selling electricity from the battery to the external power supply system. Generally, there is a loss of electricity when charging and discharging the battery. That is, the amount of electricity charged into the battery is less than the amount of electricity supplied from the external power supply system. Also, the amount of electricity that can be discharged from the battery to the power transmission and distribution system 50 is less than the amount of electricity charged into the battery. However, since the selling price and procurement price of electricity differ depending on the time of day, the business operator managing the battery may be able to generate revenue from the use of the battery.

[0058] The CFE constraint deviation is the deficit corresponding to the difference between the target value and the predicted value of the total CFE power supply. Since the CFE constraint deviation has the dimension of energy, its economic performance is evaluated by multiplying it by a predetermined adjustment power source cost difference per unit energy to convert it into a CFE deviation penalty. The CFE deviation penalty can be considered as the cost for not being able to meet the target CFE rate according to the CFE constraint deviation. Note that if the target value of the total CFE power supply is less than or equal to the predicted value, the CFE deviation penalty may be set to zero.

[0059] The supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supplied to each adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system to maximize the function value of the objective function F exemplified by equation (1). The objective function F corresponds to the difference obtained by subtracting the CFE deviation penalty from the sum of the power procurement sales profit / loss and the charge / discharge transaction profit / loss, i.e., profit / loss. In this application, "maximization" means searching for the amount of power supplied to each adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so that the function value is as large as possible, and does not necessarily mean finding the amount of power supplied to each adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system that makes the function value of the objective function absolutely maximum. The control may temporarily decrease the function value of the objective function F.

[0060]

number

[0061] The first, second, and third rows on the right-hand side of equation (1) correspond to the profit / loss from power procurement sales, the profit / loss from charge / discharge transactions, and the CFE deviation penalty, respectively. In equation (1), t represents a time period. In this application, t is sometimes referred to as a "frame." Each time period is set at predetermined cycles (e.g., 10 minutes to 1 hour). The sum for t represents the total sum over a predetermined forecast period (e.g., 1 day to 1 week) starting from the present time. By taking the sum over the forecast period, the goal is to maximize profit / loss over the entire forecast period and achieve the target CFE rate, regardless of temporary increases or decreases in revenue or CFE rate.

[0062] In equation (1), g, b, and d are indices representing a generator, battery, and demand unit, respectively. A certain value of g (for example, g=0) represents an external power supply system as the source of power, while other values ​​of g may represent individual generators. A certain value of d (for example, d=0) represents an external power supply system as the recipient of power, while other values ​​of d may represent individual demand units. This allows the supply control unit 34 to centrally control power supply by generators and power procurement from external power supply systems by referring to both power demand in demand units and power provision to external power supply systems.

[0063] The sum in the first row of the right-hand side of equation (1) represents the sum for the generator or external power supply system g and the demand unit or external power supply system d. g,d,t PW g,d,t These represent the unit price and the amount of electricity supplied from generator g to external power supply system d in frame t, respectively. ηs g,d This indicates the power transmission efficiency from generator g to external power supply system d. BuyPrice g,d,t PW g,b,t These represent the procurement cost and the amount of electricity supplied from the external power supply system g to the demand unit d in frame t, respectively. ηs g,d This indicates the power transmission efficiency from generator g to external power supply system d. That is, ηs g,dPW g,b,t This represents the amount of electricity sold (transaction volume) from generator g to external power supply system d. ηb g,d This indicates the power transmission efficiency from the external power supply system g to the demand unit d. That is, ηb g,d PW g,b,t This indicates the amount of electricity procured (transaction volume) from the external power supply system g to the demand unit d.

[0064] Power transmission efficiency ηs g,d ηb g,d These are positive real numbers less than or equal to 1 and positive real numbers greater than or equal to 1, respectively. Therefore, the amount of electricity sold may be less than the amount supplied from generator g to external power supply system d, and the amount of electricity procured may be greater than the amount supplied from external power supply system g to demand unit d. In other words, the first row on the right side of equation (1) shows that the difference obtained by subtracting the total expenditure for procuring electricity from the external power supply system to the system's demand units from the total revenue from selling electricity from the system's power source to the external power supply system is calculated as the profit or loss from electricity procurement and sales. Note that in each individual frame t, the sale of electricity to the external power supply system and the procurement of electricity from the external power supply system do not occur simultaneously.

[0065] The sum of the first term in the second row on the right-hand side represents the sum for battery b and the demand unit or external power supply system d. (SellPrice) b,d,t , BD b,d,t These represent the unit price and the amount of electricity supplied from battery b to the external power supply system d in frame t, respectively. ηs b,d η BD,b These figures represent the power transmission efficiency from battery b to the external power supply system d, and the discharge efficiency of battery b, respectively. The sum of the second term in the second row on the right-hand side represents the total for the external power supply system g and the battery b. BuyPrice g,b,t BC g,b,t These represent the procurement cost and power supply amount from the external power supply system g to the battery b in frame t, respectively. ηb g,b η BC,b The following figures represent the power transmission efficiency from the external power supply system g to the battery b, and the charging efficiency of the charging equipment b, respectively. Transmission efficiency ηsb,d , discharge efficiency η BD,b , charging efficiency η BC,b These are all positive real numbers less than or equal to 1. Transmission efficiency ηb b,d is a positive real number greater than or equal to 1. In the first term, the power transmission efficiency ηs b,d and discharge efficiency η BD,b By multiplying by this, the power transmission from power source g to external power supply system d and the losses due to discharge from charging equipment b are taken into consideration. In the second term, the power transmission efficiency ηb g,b and charging efficiency η BC,b By multiplying by the reciprocal of this, it is considered that more power needs to be procured than the amount of charge, based on the power transmission from the external power supply system g to the charging equipment b and the losses due to charging at the charging equipment b. In other words, the second row on the right side of equation (1) shows that the difference obtained by subtracting the total expenditure for procuring electricity from the external power supply system to the charging equipment of the system from the total revenue from selling electricity from the system's charging equipment to the external power supply system is calculated as the profit or loss from charge-discharge transactions.

[0066] The sum in the third row of the right-hand side of equation (1) represents the sum for the demand unit d. d , c d The values ​​shown are the CFE constraint deviation amount and the adjusted power cost difference per unit for each demand unit d. d This corresponds to the unit cost of additional costs for operating adjustable CFE power sources in place of non-CFE power sources to compensate for CFE power shortages. In other words, the CFE deviation penalty corresponds to the sum of costs calculated according to the amount of CFE power shortage per demand unit d.

[0067] <Restrictions> Next, the constraints relating to the operation control method according to this embodiment will be described. Some of the following constraints may not apply depending on the system configuration and other operating conditions. (a) Demand and supply constraints There are two types of supply and demand constraints: the first supply and demand constraint and the second supply and demand constraint. The first supply and demand constraint is the amount of electricity DM required by all demand units or external power supply systems d in each frame t, as illustrated in equation (2). d,t However, this is equal to the sum of the amount of power supplied from generator g to demand units or external power supply systems d and the amount of power supplied to external power supply systems d for each battery b. The first and second terms on the right-hand side of equation (2) represent the sum of the amounts supplied for each power source g other than the charging equipment and the sum of the amounts supplied for each charging equipment b, respectively.

[0068]

number

[0069] The second supply-demand constraint is, as illustrated in equation (3), the total amount of electricity generated GEN in the power supply system PS at each time step t. g,t This is equal to the sum of the amount procured for each demand unit d by generator g and the amount supplied to the charging equipment b by generator g.

[0070]

number

[0071] (b) CFE constraints The CFE constraint is defined as the planned CFE rate CFE in a demand unit d over the forecast period, as illustrated in equation (4). Plan_d The target CFE rate is CFE_target d From CFE constraint deviation s d This means that the difference will be greater than or equal to the planned CFE rate. Plan_d This corresponds to the proportion of CFE power in the total demand. The CFE power in the total demand is the sum of the amount of CFE power supplied from CFE power source g and the amount of CFE power supplied from each charging facility b. In equation (4), BD_cfe b,d,tThis indicates the amount of CFE power supplied by battery b to the power supply system d at frame t. The CFE constraint applies to a specific demand point 60 that manages the generator g and battery b, which are CFE power sources, and does not necessarily apply to other demand points 60.

[0072]

number

[0073] (c) Connection capacity constraints The connection capacity constraint is the amount of power PW supplied by each generator g, as illustrated in equation (5). g,d,t However, contract capacity GEN g,contract max This indicates that it does not exceed the contracted capacity GEN. g,contract max This is the upper limit of the amount of electricity that can be supplied from generator g to the power transmission and distribution system 50, as stipulated in the contract between the manager of generator g and the power company.

[0074]

number

[0075] (d) Battery-related constraints Battery charging and discharging are subject to battery-related constraints. These constraints include battery level DOD constraints, battery level BCP constraints, battery discharge amount constraints, battery level constraints, mutual constraints between battery charge and discharge amounts, battery degradation suppression constraints, virtual multi-tank constraints, and CFE charging constraints.

[0076] The battery level DOD constraint is based on the definition that Depth of Discharge (DOD) is the ratio of the discharged amount to the battery capacity. That is, the battery level DOD constraint is the remaining battery level BR of battery b in each frame t, as illustrated in equation (6). b,t However, the battery capacity of battery b is B_DC_Capa_kW b And, 1 and discharge depth DOD b Residual (1-DOD) b This refers to the product being greater than or equal to the product of ).

[0077]

number

[0078] The battery remaining capacity BCP constraint is the remaining battery capacity BR of battery b in each frame t. b,t Battery capacity B_DC_Capa_kW b This refers to ensuring that the remaining charge ratio is equal to or greater than the BCP (Business Continuity Plan) constraint ratio. The BCP constraint ratio is the lower limit of the remaining charge ratio that should be maintained in preparation for emergencies such as natural disasters, accidents, and incidents. In other words, the battery remaining charge BCP constraint is equal to the remaining charge BR of battery b in each frame t, as illustrated in equation (7). b,t However, the battery capacity of battery b is B_DC_Capa_kW b And, 1 and BCP constraint ratio BCP b Residual (1-BCP b This refers to the product being greater than or equal to the product of ).

[0079]

number

[0080] The battery discharge limit is (i) the discharge amount BD of battery b at a certain time t+1. b,t+1 However, the discharge amount BR in the frame t immediately preceding that b,t The following conditions shall be met: (ii) The discharge amount BD of the storage battery b in each frame t. b,t However, the battery connection capacity B_AC_Capacity b This refers to the following: The battery charge limit is the charge amount BC at each frame t. b,t However, the battery connection capacity B_AC_Capacity b This refers to the following: Battery connection capacity B_AC_Capacity b This refers to the capacity of the power transmission and distribution equipment connected to battery b. Battery connection capacity B_AC_Capacity b This corresponds to the upper limit of the AC power output per frame.

[0081] The mutual constraint between the battery charge amount and discharge amount is the charge amount BC of battery b in each frame t. b,t and discharge amount BD b,t This means that at least one of the two is zero. This corresponds to the fact that charging and discharging cannot occur simultaneously for a single battery b. The mutual constraint between the battery charge and discharge rates is expressed using equation (8). Z b,t is an auxiliary variable whose value is 1 when battery b is discharged at time t, and 0 when no discharge occurs. M is a constant greater than the rated charge or discharge rate of battery b. That is, equation (8) is given by the charge amount BC b,t and discharge amount BD b,t Both are constrained to M or less. This prevents excessive current from flowing into or out of battery b.

[0082]

number

[0083] The constraint for suppressing battery degradation is a predetermined upper limit B_DC_DegeadationLimit_kWh, which is the total discharge amount within a specific period. b This refers to setting the total discharge amount to the upper limit B_DC_DegeadationLimit_kWh. b The following constraints prevent excessive discharge from the battery. Excessive discharge can be a major cause of battery degradation. The sum of the t values ​​on the left side of equation (9) applies to a specific period (e.g., 1 to 10 days). The battery degradation suppression constraints do not apply if the battery is equipped with a control circuit that controls the charging or discharging current to itself within a predetermined range, or if the elapsed time since the introduction or replacement of the battery does not exceed a predetermined usage period.

[0084]

number

[0085] The virtual multiple-tank constraint is imposed on the premise that the capacity of each storage battery b is virtually divided into multiple types of power supply areas, and the charge amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount are managed in each area. The type of power supply is also called the power supply attribute. Each divided area is likened to a virtual tank. The multiple-tank constraint is imposed, for example, between CFE power and non-CFE power for each frame t and includes the following three items. As illustrated in FIG. 12, (i) the remaining amount BR b,t of the storage battery b is equal to the sum of the remaining amount BR_cfe b,t of the CFE power and the remaining amount BR_noncfe b,t of the non-CFE power, (ii) the charge amount BC b,t of the storage battery b is equal to the sum of the charge amount BC_cfe b,t of the CFE power and the charge amount BC_noncfe b,t of the non-CFE power, (iii) the discharge amount BD b,t of the storage battery b is equal to the sum of the charge amount BR_cfe b,t of the CFE power and the remaining amount BR_noncfe b,t of the non-CFE power. By distinguishing and managing the power amount of the storage battery 46b for each type of power supply, the supply control unit 34 can control the charge amount or discharge amount to the storage battery 46b for each type of power supply under the virtual multiple-tank constraint.

[0086] The CFE charge constraint is a constraint condition including the following two items, on the premise that the virtual multiple-tank constraint is applied. In each frame t, (i) no CFE power charge from another power supply system g to the storage battery b occurs (that is, the charge amount BC_noncfe g=0,b of the CFE power is zero), and (ii) no non-CFE power charge from the non-CFE power supply g to the storage battery b occurs (that is, the charge amount BC_noncef g,b,t of the non-CFE power is zero). Note that the supply control unit 34 adds the charge amount BC_cfe b,t of the CFE power to or subtracts the discharge amount CD_cfe b,t of the CFE power from the remaining amount BR_cfe b,t of the CFE power of the storage battery b in a certain frame t as illustrated in Equation (10), and the obtained value BR_cfe b,t +BC_cfeb,t -BD_cfe b,t Reduce it by a predetermined loss rate BR loss,b and calculate the remaining amount BR_cfe of the CFE power at the next frame t b,t It may be calculated. The loss rate BR loss,b is a preset real number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, and may vary depending on the specifications of the storage battery b.

[0087]

Number

[0088] Similarly, as exemplified in Equation (11), the supply control unit 34 determines the remaining amount BR_noncfe of the non-CFE power of the storage battery b at a certain frame t b,t and adds the charging amount BC_noncfe of the non-CFE power b,t or subtracts the discharge amount CD_noncfe of the non-CFE power b,t to obtain a value BR_noncfe b,t +BC_noncfe b,t -BD_noncfe b,t Reduce it by a predetermined loss rate BR loss,b and calculate the remaining amount BR_noncfe of the non-CFE power at the next frame t b,t It may be calculated.

[0089]

Number

[0090] FIG. 12 illustrates a case where the charging amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount of each storage battery 46b are separately managed in areas for CFE power and non-CFE power and are used for controlling the charging and discharging amounts, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The charging amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount of the storage battery 46b may be separately managed in three or more types of areas and may be used for controlling the charging and discharging amounts. Each area is associated with the type of power source. For example, the area of the storage battery 46b is divided according to each process of generating hydrogen used as fuel in hydrogen power generation, and the charging amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount may be managed for each area.

[0091] For example, the region of battery 46b may be divided into seven types. Each region may correspond to one of the following: green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, yellow hydrogen, purple hydrogen, brown hydrogen, white hydrogen, and turquoise hydrogen. Green hydrogen is hydrogen obtained by electrolyzing water using electricity generated by power generation methods that do not produce CO2, such as solar power, wind power, or hydroelectric power. These power generation methods may also be classified in the same region as green hydrogen. Blue hydrogen is hydrogen produced from fossil fuels (especially natural gas) using CCUS (Carbon dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage) technology without releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Yellow hydrogen is hydrogen obtained by electrolyzing water using electricity generated by nuclear power. Nuclear power may also be classified in the same region as yellow hydrogen. Purple hydrogen is hydrogen produced from methane of biological origin (biomass). Brown hydrogen is hydrogen produced using coal (especially lignite) as a raw material. White hydrogen is hydrogen produced as a byproduct from blast furnaces in steel mills. Turquoise hydrogen is hydrogen produced using a direct pyrolysis method with natural gas, without releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. The direct pyrolysis method yields solid carbon as a byproduct.

[0092] Of these seven types, hydrogen produced using methods that release CO2 into the atmosphere from fossil fuels may be classified as gray hydrogen. That is, brown hydrogen, purple hydrogen, and white hydrogen may be classified together as gray hydrogen. Blue hydrogen may be included in gray hydrogen. CFE power sources may include hydrogen generators that use green hydrogen and turquoise hydrogen as fuel, but may not include hydrogen generators that use gray hydrogen as fuel. CFE power sources may also include hydrogen generators that use blue hydrogen as fuel. CFE power sources may not include hydrogen generators that use yellow hydrogen as fuel, because yellow hydrogen generates radioactive waste during its production process, thus creating an environmental burden.

[0093] As another example of battery-related constraints, the supply control unit 34 may apply a weighted average mixed single-tank constraint or a FIFO (First-In First-Out) constraint instead of a virtual multiple-tank constraint. In the weighted average mixed single-tank constraint, it is assumed that the battery 46b charges and discharges power related to all power source attributes without distinguishing their capacities. That is, the battery 46b is considered a single virtual tank, and power from all power source attributes is stored together. Under this assumption, the supply control unit 34 uses the weighted average of the CFE rates as the estimated CFE rate, and controls the amount of charge to the battery 46b for each power source attribute so that the estimated CFE rate is equal to or greater than the target CFE rate. The weighted average of the CFE rates is obtained by using the weight of the ratio of the amount of charge related to that power source attribute to the total amount of energy in the battery 46b as the weight of the preset CFE rate for each power source attribute. Due to the mixed single-tank constraint, the CFE rate of the power stored or discharged to the battery 46b is also equal to the CFE rate of the power being charged. Therefore, the weighted average mixed single-tank constraint does not need to be applied during discharge.

[0094] The FIFO constraint assumes that the battery 46b is managed by controlling the charging period during which it is charged from the power source for each charge cycle, and the discharge period during which it is discharged for each discharge cycle. Each charge cycle can be considered to form one virtual tank in the battery 46b. Under this assumption, the supply control unit 34 controls the discharge rate so that the power that was charged earlier is discharged first. When the remaining power of a given cycle is depleted during discharge, the supply control unit 34 starts discharging the power charged in subsequent cycles. Note that there does not need to be a specific upper or lower limit on the number of charge cycles (number of tanks) for the battery 46b.

[0095] <Application Examples> The above constraints include items whose applicability or scope of application differs depending on the power source arrangement in the power supply system PS or the contract between the power company and the demand point 60. Below, we will mainly explain the differences between the application examples of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment and the above schematic configuration example. Unless otherwise specified, the explanations for common points with the schematic configuration example will be referenced.

[0096] Figure 8 is a block diagram showing a first application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS illustrated in Figure 8, the power supply system 40 comprises a photovoltaic generator 42p, a wind turbine 42w, a battery 46b, and an adjustable power supply 44. The photovoltaic generator 42p and the wind turbine 42w are examples of low environmental impact power sources 42 (Figure 1). The battery 46b is an example of a charging facility 46 (Figure 1). That is, the battery 46b is installed as an off-site PV (Photovoltaic) / wind turbine integrated battery.

[0097] The solar power generator 42p, wind turbine 42w, and battery 46b are installed as PPA power sources (Power Purchase Agreements) on a site managed by the PPA operator, geographically separated from the point of demand 60. The solar power generator 42p and wind turbine 42w are connected without going through the battery 46b and the distribution equipment that constitutes the power transmission and distribution system 50. The solar power generator 42p, wind turbine 42w, and battery 46b are connected to the point of demand 60 via the distribution equipment that constitutes the power transmission and distribution system 50. The PPA operator and PPA consumer refer to the seller and consumer of electricity based on the PPA, respectively. The PPA power source is a power source mainly for supplying electricity based on the PPA. The solar power generator 42p and battery 46b are located in close proximity to each other.

[0098] Under the configuration illustrated in Figure 8, the goal is to maximize PPA profits and losses and market transaction profits and losses, and to ensure that the CFE rate of the electricity supplied to demand point 60 achieves the target CFE rate. The electricity procurement and sales profit and loss (Equation (1), first row) includes the profits and losses from market sales and PPA sales of electricity supplied from the solar power generator 42p and wind power generator 42w, and from PPA sales of electricity procured from the market. PPA sales are sales of electricity to PPA consumers. The charge and discharge transaction profit and loss (Equation (1), second row) includes the profits and losses from charging the battery 46b from the co-located solar power generator 42p and wind power generator 42w, charging the battery 46b with electricity procured from the market, discharging from the battery 46b to the market, and discharging from the battery 46b to PPA consumers. The first supply and demand constraint (Equation (2)) is applied to PPA consumers.

[0099] Charging the battery 46b from solar power generators 42p and wind power generators 42w is beneficial to PPA consumers because, unlike electricity procured from the market, it does not require the burden of electricity transmission charges (sometimes abbreviated as "transmission charges") and renewable energy generation promotion surcharges (sometimes abbreviated as "renewable energy surcharges"). Transmission charges are fees paid to transmission and distribution operators that own the transmission and distribution network (e.g., transmission and distribution systems 50, 50B) as transmission costs under the Electricity Business Act. Renewable energy surcharges are fees that consumers pay to electricity companies as part of their electricity charges in order to purchase electricity generated from renewable energy, based on the Special Measures Act Concerning the Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energy Electricity (abbreviated as the "Renewable Energy Special Measures Act").

[0100] Then, the charging and discharging of the battery 46b, the operation of the adjustable power supply 44, and the supply and demand of power with the market are controlled by the supply control unit 34 so that the CFE deviation penalty (third row of equation (1)) becomes a factor in loss, thereby inducing the achievement of the target CFE rate of the power supplied to the PPA consumer.

[0101] Figure 9 is a block diagram showing a second application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS illustrated in Figure 9, the power supply system 40 comprises a photovoltaic generator 42p, a storage battery 46b, and an adjustable power supply 44. In the example shown in Figure 9, the battery 46b is installed as an on-site PV-integrated battery. The solar power generator 42p and the battery 46b are installed on the premises of a specific customer. The solar power generator 42p is connected to the battery 46b without going through the distribution equipment that constitutes the power transmission and distribution system 50. The solar power generator 42p, the wind turbine 42w, and the battery 46b are connected to the customer's demand point 60 without going through the distribution equipment that constitutes the power transmission and distribution system 50.

[0102] Even in the configuration illustrated in Figure 9, it is required to maximize the PPA profit / loss and market transaction profit / loss for a specific consumer, and for the CFE rate of the electricity supplied to that consumer's demand point 60 to achieve the target CFE rate. The profit and loss from electricity procurement and sales (Row 1 of Equation (1)) includes the profit and loss from the market sale of electricity supplied from the solar power generator 42p (on-site generation) and the profit and loss from the consumption of electricity procured from the market by consumers. The profit and loss from electricity procurement and sales due to self-consumption by consumers is zero. Furthermore, the market procurement of electricity consumed by consumers may be restricted. The first supply-demand constraint (Equation (2)) may be applied to certain consumers but not to other consumers.

[0103] The profit and loss from charge and discharge transactions (Row 2 of Equation (1)) includes the profit and loss from charging the battery 46b from the adjacent solar power generator 42p and from discharging the battery 46b to the market. For charging the battery 46b from the adjacent solar power generator 42p, the procurement costs do not include transmission fees and renewable energy surcharges. The profit and loss from charge and discharge transactions due to self-consumption of the electricity generated by the solar power generator 42p is zero. In addition, market procurement of electricity may be restricted for the purpose of charging the solar power generator 42p. In the example in Figure 9, the CFE deviation penalty (Row 3 of Equation (1)) is a factor in the loss. Therefore, the charging and discharging of the battery 46b, the operation of the adjustable power source 44, and the supply and demand of electricity with the market are controlled by the supply control unit 34 so that the CFE rate of the electricity supplied to a specific consumer achieves the target CFE rate as much as possible.

[0104] In the example in Figure 9, unlike the example in Figure 8, the battery 46b may be expected to serve as a source of emergency power for the consumer. In that case, the supply control unit 34 may impose a battery remaining capacity BCP constraint on the discharge from the battery 46b, and maintain a remaining capacity above a certain level. Also, the solar power generator 42p and the battery 46b do not need to be connected to the power transmission and distribution system 50 and supply surplus power to other demand units or power supply systems. In that case, the connection capacity constraint (equation (5)) does not apply.

[0105] Figure 10 is a block diagram showing a third application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS illustrated in Figure 10, the power supply system 40 comprises a solar power generator 42p, a wind turbine 42w, a battery 46b, and an adjustable power supply 44. The solar power generator 42p and the wind turbine 42w are installed on a site managed by the PPA operator, geographically separated from the demand point 60. That is, the battery 46b is installed as a separate offsite power source from the offside PV / wind power generation set. The battery 46b constitutes part of the power transmission and distribution system 50 and is installed as a grid battery. The solar power generator 42p and the wind turbine 42w are connected to the demand point 60 via the distribution equipment of the power transmission and distribution system 50. The battery 46b is installed at a location geographically separated from both the demand point 60 and the PPA operator's site and is installed as a grid battery that constitutes part of the power transmission and distribution system 50.

[0106] Under the configuration illustrated in Figure 10, the goal is to maximize PPA profits and losses and market transaction profits and losses, and to ensure that the CFE rate of the electricity supplied to demand point 60 achieves the target CFE rate. The electricity procurement sales profit and loss (Equation (1), first row) includes the profits and losses from market sales and PPA sales of electricity supplied from the solar power generator 42p and wind power generator 42w, and from PPA sales of electricity procured from the market. The charge / discharge transaction profit and loss (Equation (1), second row) includes the profits and losses from charging the battery 46b from the solar power generator 42p and wind power generator 42w, charging the battery 46b with electricity procured from the market, and discharging the battery 46b to the market. Since the battery 46b is used as a grid battery, there are no PPA sales of electricity supplied from the battery 46b. At the time of this application, under the current system, the renewable energy surcharge and the portion of the electricity procured from the market for charging the battery 46b (battery loss) are subject to transmission charges and the renewable energy surcharge, but the electricity supply up to the battery 46b is not subject to these charges. This is because the portion equivalent to the charging loss corresponds to the difference between the amount of electricity procured and the increase in remaining capacity, and is therefore considered as electricity consumption. Transmission charges and the renewable energy surcharge for the portion equivalent to the charging loss can be included in the procurement costs. Furthermore, the charging and discharging of the battery 46b, the operation of the adjustable power supply 44, and the supply and demand of power with the market are controlled by the supply control unit 34 so that the CFE deviation penalty (third row of equation (1)) becomes a factor in losses, thereby inducing the achievement of the target CFE rate of the power supplied to the PPA consumer.

[0107] Figure 11 is a block diagram showing a fourth application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS illustrated in Figure 11, the power supply system 40 comprises a CFE power supply 42c, an adjustable power supply 44, and a storage battery 46b. The CFE power supply 42c, the adjustable power supply 44, and the battery 46b are all installed at a geographical distance from the point of demand 60. The CFE power supply 42c and the adjustable power supply 44 are connected to the point of demand 60 via the distribution equipment of the transmission and distribution system 50. The battery 46b is installed at a geographical distance from both the point of demand 60 and the PPA operator's premises, and is installed as a grid battery that constitutes part of the transmission and distribution system 50. If the CFE power supply 42c is an adjustable power supply, the amount of power supplied is subject to control.

[0108] Under the configuration illustrated in Figure 11, the goal is essentially to maximize the market transaction profits and losses of the power transmission and distribution operator. Maximizing market transaction profits and losses is achieved by the supply control unit 34, which controls the charge and discharge amounts of the battery 46b and the amount of electricity traded with the external power supply system to maximize the function value of the objective function F' illustrated in equation (12). The objective function F' represents the charge and discharge transaction revenue during the forecast period. The charge and discharge transaction revenue includes the profits and losses from charging the battery 46b with electricity procured from the market and from discharging the battery 46b to the market. This induces the procurement of low-priced electricity from the market and the supply of high-priced electricity to the market (arbitrage). Furthermore, the objective function F' does not include a factor corresponding to the electricity procurement and sales profit / loss (first row of equation (1)). The supply and demand constraint (equation (2)) is not applied. In this case as well, the renewable energy surcharge and the portion of the electricity procured from the market to charge the battery 46b will be subject to the transmission fee and renewable energy surcharge, but the electricity supply up to the battery 46b will not be subject to the surcharge.

[0109]

number

[0110] However, simply maximizing the objective function F' does not control the CFE rate of the power supplied to consumers. To achieve the target CFE rate, the supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supplied to each adjustable power source 44, the charge and discharge amount of the battery 46b, and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system to maximize the function value of the objective function F'' exemplified in equation (13). The objective function F'' includes a CFE deviation penalty in addition to the charge and discharge trading revenue. This constrains the CFE rate supplied to consumers to be equal to or greater than the target CFE rate. Furthermore, the CFE constraint (equation (4)) may be applied to specific consumers but not to other consumers.

[0111]

number

[0112] In the above explanation, the example given was one in which electricity transactions with an external power supply system are conducted using the trading system 54 and the transaction price, i.e., the selling price or procurement price, is variable, but this is not limited to this. The selling price or procurement price may be a predetermined fixed value. The selling price or procurement price may be determined, for example, based on the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) system. In that case, the market price forecasting unit 26 and the trading system 54 may be omitted. Electricity may be exchanged between multiple transmission and distribution systems without depending on the transaction price.

[0113] The above description primarily focused on cases where the environmental burden related to electricity supply is the emission of CO2, but it is not limited to this. The above embodiment may also be applied to the emission of greenhouse gases other than CO2 or to other types of environmental burdens. Examples of greenhouse gases other than CO2 include methane (CH4) and nitrogen oxides (NO). x These include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Furthermore, the above embodiments may also be applied to cases where the environmental burden is due to anthropogenic processing, such as the combustion of hydrogen or nuclear reactions in addition to the combustion of fossil fuels. In that case, the renewable energy rate can be used instead of the CFE rate as the ratio of low-environmental-impact electricity.

[0114] Furthermore, while the above explanation uses the example of a case where the charging equipment constituting the power system 40 is mainly a storage battery, it is not limited to this. The charging equipment only needs to have the function of a DC power source capable of charging and discharging, including one or more storage batteries. Such charging equipment may be configured as, for example, a static power supply (including so-called disaster prevention energy storage equipment), an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), etc.

[0115] The demand forecasting unit 22, the variable power generation forecasting unit 24, the market price forecasting unit 26, the target setting unit 32, the supply control unit 34, the supply information management unit 36, and the trading system 54 according to the above embodiment may each be configured as independent electronic devices, or they may be implemented as electronic devices configured as a set of some or all of them. For example, the forecasting system 20 may be configured as a forecasting device comprising the demand forecasting unit 22, the variable power generation forecasting unit 24, and the market price forecasting unit 26. The power supply management system 30 may be configured as a power supply management device comprising the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34. The power supply management device comprising the target setting unit 32 may also include the demand forecasting unit 22. The power supply management system 30 may be configured as a CEMS (Community Energy Management System). The customer terminal device 12 may include a demand forecasting unit 22. The customer terminal device 12 may be configured as a MEMS (Mansion Energy Management System), BEMS (Building Energy Management System), etc.

[0116] The above-mentioned consumer terminal device 12 and other electronic devices may each be equipped with a general-purpose computer system. Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram showing an example configuration of a computer system 170 according to an embodiment of the present application. The computer system 170 is composed of, for example, a processor 172, an input device 178, an output device 180, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 182, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 184, an auxiliary storage unit 186, and an interface unit 188. The processor 172, the input device 178, the output device 180, the ROM 182, the RAM 184, the auxiliary storage unit 186, and the interface unit 188 are interconnected using a bus BS.

[0117] The processor 172, for example, reads programs and various data stored in the ROM 182, executes the programs, and controls the operation of the computer system 170. In this application, "executing a program" or "executing a program" includes the meaning of executing the processing instructed by the commands written in the program. The processor 172 is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit). There may be multiple processors 172. In addition to CPUs, multiple processors 172 may include GPUs (Graphics Processing Units).

[0118] The input device 178 receives user input, inputs operation information corresponding to the received operation, and outputs operation data to the processor 172. The operation input unit 128 of the customer terminal device 12 corresponds to the input device 178. The output device 180 outputs output data received from the processor 172 to various devices that serve as output destinations. The display unit 126 of the customer terminal device 12 corresponds to an output device.

[0119] ROM182 stores, for example, a program for the processor 172 to execute. RAM184 is used, for example, as a main memory medium that functions as a working area for temporarily storing various data and programs used by processor 172. The auxiliary storage unit 186 is a storage medium such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or flash memory. The storage unit 124 of the consumer terminal device 12 includes the auxiliary storage unit 186.

[0120] The interface unit 188 connects to other devices and enables the input and output of various types of data wirelessly or via wired connections. The interface unit 188 includes, for example, a communication module that connects to a network via wired or wireless connection. The input / output unit 130 of the customer terminal device 12 corresponds to the interface unit 188.

[0121] As described above, the power supply system PS according to this embodiment includes a demand forecasting unit 22 that uses a demand forecasting model to predict the predicted demand amount, which is the predicted value of the power consumption at a demand point 60 at a predicted time later than the present time, based on the power usage status at the demand point 60 to which power is supplied from the distribution equipment (e.g., the transmission and distribution system 50). The power supply system PS includes a target setting unit 32 that sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from multiple power sources and the power transaction amounts with an external power supply system (e.g., external power supply system PSB), and a target total low environmental load power supply amount, which is the sum of the target values ​​of the supply amounts of low environmental load power, so that the predicted demand amount satisfies a predetermined target rate (e.g., target CFE rate) or higher for each demand point 60. The power supply system PS includes a supply control unit 34 that controls the power supply amounts from multiple power sources. The multiple power sources include an adjustable power source 44 in which the power supply amount can be adjusted and a variable power source in which the power supply amount cannot be adjusted. The variable power source includes at least one low-environmental-impact power source (e.g., a solar power generator 42p, a wind power generator 42w, a CFE power source 42c). The adjustable power source includes at least one chargeable and dischargeable charging device 46 (e.g., a battery 46b). The supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supplied from the adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so as to meet the target total supply amount at the predicted time, reduce the deficit of the target total low-environmental-impact power supply amount relative to the predicted total demand amount which is the sum of the predicted demand amounts of low-environmental-impact power, and increase the profit and loss of the amount of power traded with the external power supply system. This configuration increases the profit and loss from electricity trading with external power supply systems, ensures that the proportion of low-environmental-impact electricity exceeds a predetermined target rate, and controls the supply of adjustable power and electricity trading with external power systems. Therefore, it is possible to reduce environmental impact while pursuing economic efficiency.

[0122] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source for low-environmental-impact electricity may be connected to the charging equipment without going through the power distribution equipment. With this configuration, low-environmental-impact power, which has a significant temporal fluctuation in supply, is used to charge the charging equipment, thus avoiding transmission losses. As a result, low-environmental-impact power is utilized effectively.

[0123] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source and charging equipment for low-environmental-impact power may be connected to the demand point 60 via the power distribution equipment. This configuration allows consumers to achieve both economic benefits and reduced environmental impact without having to own low-environmental-impact power sources and charging facilities.

[0124] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source and charging equipment for low-environmental-impact power may be connected to the point of demand without going through the power distribution equipment. This configuration allows low-environmental-impact electricity to be supplied to the point of demand without passing through distribution equipment, thus avoiding transmission losses. As a result, low-environmental-impact electricity can be utilized more effectively.

[0125] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power transmission and distribution system 50 having power distribution equipment may also be equipped with charging equipment. In this configuration, surplus electricity supplied to the distribution equipment that is not consumed at the demand point 60 is charged to the charging equipment, and if the electricity supplied to the distribution equipment alone is insufficient to meet the demand at the demand point 60, the electricity discharged from the charging equipment can supplement the demand at the demand point 60. Economic efficiency can be further improved by reducing the amount of electricity procured from the external power supply system.

[0126] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source for low-environmental-impact electricity may be connected to the power distribution equipment. With this configuration, low-environmental-impact electricity can be charged into the charging equipment via the wiring infrastructure, thereby stabilizing the supply and demand of low-environmental-impact electricity.

[0127] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the variable power supply may include multiple types of power sources (for example, green hydrogen, gray hydrogen, etc.), and the supply control unit may control the amount of charge or discharge for each type of power source to the charging equipment. This configuration allows for the stabilization of supply and demand for different types of power sources.

[0128] Although this embodiment has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to the configurations described above, and includes designs and the like that do not depart from the gist of this embodiment. The configurations described above can be combined arbitrarily, and some of them may be omitted. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] PS...Power supply system, PSB...External power supply system, 12...Customer terminal device, 12a...Power meter, 22...Demand forecasting unit, 24...Variable power generation forecasting unit, 26...Market price forecasting unit, 30...Power supply management system, 32...Target setting unit, 34...Supply control unit, 40, 40B...Power supply system, 42...Low environmental impact power supply, 42c...CFE power supply, 42p...Solar power generator, 42w...Wind power generator, 44...Adjustable power supply, 44n...Non-CFE power supply, 46...Charging equipment, 46b...Storage battery, 50, 50B...Transmission and distribution system, 5 4…Trading system, 60…Demand point, 62…Branching point, 64(64-1, 64-2)…Demand unit, 66(66-1, 66-2)…Load, 70…Weather information system, 122…Control unit, 122a…Setting processing unit, 122b…Output processing unit, 124…Storage unit, 126…Display unit, 128…Operation input unit, 130…Input / output unit, 170…Computer system, 172…Processor, 178…Input device, 180…Output device, 182…ROM, 184…RAM, 186…Auxiliary storage unit, 188…Interface unit

Claims

1. A demand forecasting unit predicts the predicted power consumption at a demand point, which is the predicted demand amount, based on the power usage status at the demand point where power is supplied from the power distribution equipment, using a demand forecasting model. A target setting unit sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of the target values ​​of the amount of power supplied from multiple power sources and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system, and a target total low environmental load power supply amount, which is the sum of the target values ​​of the amount of low environmental load power supplied, in order to satisfy the predicted demand amount such that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate for each demand point. The system includes a power supply control unit that controls the amount of power supplied from the plurality of power sources, The aforementioned plurality of power sources include adjustable power sources in which the amount of power supplied can be adjusted, and variable power sources in which the amount of power supplied cannot be adjusted. The aforementioned fluctuating power source includes at least one low-environmental-impact power source, The adjustable power supply includes at least one charger and discharger, The supply control unit, At the predicted time, the target total supply is met, To reduce the deficit in the target total low-environmental-load power supply relative to the predicted total demand, which is the sum of the predicted demand for the low-environmental-load power, and to increase the profit and loss on the power transaction volume with the external power supply system, Controls the amount of power supplied from the adjustable power source and the amount of power traded between the external power supply system. Power supply system.

2. The power source for the low-environmental-impact electricity is connected to the charging equipment without passing through the power distribution equipment. The power supply system according to claim 1.

3. The low-environmental-impact power source and the charging equipment are connected to the demand point via the power distribution equipment. The power supply system according to claim 2.

4. The low-environmental-impact power source and the charging equipment are connected to the demand point without going through the power distribution equipment. The power supply system according to claim 2.

5. A power transmission and distribution system having the aforementioned power distribution equipment includes the aforementioned charging equipment. The power supply system according to claim 2.

6. The power source for the low-environmental-impact electricity is connected to the power distribution equipment. The power supply system according to claim 5.

7. The aforementioned variable power supply is equipped with multiple types of power supplies, The supply control unit, Controlling the amount of charge or discharge to the charging equipment for each type of power source. The power supply system according to claim 1.

8. The system comprises multiple power sources, including adjustable power sources with adjustable power supply and variable power sources with inability to adjust power supply, The aforementioned fluctuating power source includes at least one low-environmental-impact power source, The adjustable power supply is a power supply method for a power supply system that includes at least one chargeable and dischargeable charging device, A forecasting step in which the demand forecasting unit predicts the predicted demand amount, which is the predicted value of the power consumption at a demand point at a predicted time later than the present time, based on the power usage status at the demand point where power is supplied from the power distribution equipment, using a demand forecasting model, Setting step: The target setting unit sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of the power transaction amounts with the external power supply system and the target value of the total supply amount of low environmental load power, so that the ratio of low environmental load power at each demand point satisfies the predicted demand amount such that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate. The supply control unit performs a control step of controlling the amount of power supplied from the plurality of power sources, The control step described above is: At the predicted time, the target total supply is met, To reduce the deficit in the target total low-environmental-load power supply relative to the predicted total demand, which is the sum of the predicted demand for the low-environmental-load power, and to increase the profit and loss on the power transaction volume with the external power supply system, This includes a step of controlling the amount of power supplied from the adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system. Power supply method.

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