Liquid crystal display device

Abstract

To provide a liquid crystal display device that facilitates the design of the optical system on the light-emitting side. [Solution] A liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix including a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, comprising, in order from the back side toward the observation surface side, a first polarizing plate having a first polarization axis, a first substrate having a plurality of nonlinear elements arranged corresponding to each pixel, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules, a second substrate, and a second polarizing plate having a second polarization axis, wherein the first substrate further comprises, in order toward the liquid crystal layer side, a first electrode, an insulating layer, and a second electrode having one longitudinal opening for each pixel extending along the row or column direction of the plurality of pixels, and in a plan view, the second polarization axis is arranged parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening and is arranged at an angle of 80° or more and 89° or less with respect to the first polarization axis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display device.

Background Art

[0002] As a technology related to a liquid crystal display device, Patent Document 1 discloses a display panel of an in-plane switching driving liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer, a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate facing each other through the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of electrode pairs disposed on the surface of the first transparent substrate, a first alignment film formed between the liquid crystal layer and the first transparent substrate by an alignment treatment applied to the first transparent substrate on which the plurality of electrode pairs are disposed, and a second alignment film formed between the liquid crystal layer and the second transparent substrate by an alignment treatment applied to the second transparent substrate. Each of the electrode pairs is composed of two comb teeth electrodes having a plurality of comb teeth portions, and the plurality of comb teeth portions of the two comb teeth electrodes are arranged alternately. The direction of the alignment treatment applied to the first transparent substrate is perpendicular to the direction of the alignment treatment applied to the second transparent substrate. Further, a display panel of a liquid crystal display device in which a chiral agent is added to the liquid crystal layer is disclosed.

[0003] Patent Document 2 discloses a liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a first electrode and a second electrode provided on the liquid crystal layer side of one of the pair of substrates, and alignment films provided on the surfaces of the pair of substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The alignment directions of the alignment films provided on each of the pair of substrates are parallel to each other. The first electrode is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes extending in a direction obliquely intersecting the alignment direction of the alignment film. A chiral agent is added to the liquid crystal layer to impart rotation to the liquid crystal molecules in the same direction as the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules rotate when an electric field is generated between the strip-shaped electrodes and the second electrode.

[0004] Patent Document 3 describes a liquid crystal display panel comprising a liquid crystal cell having a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first and second substrates, a first polarizing plate disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizing plate disposed on the observer side of the liquid crystal cell, wherein the first substrate has an electrode pair that generates a transverse electric field in the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer has a birefringence of Δn of the nematic liquid crystal and a thickness of d of the liquid crystal layer, where Δnd is less than 550 nm, and when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer A liquid crystal display panel is disclosed, wherein when polarized light with a twist orientation and an absolute value of the Stokes parameter S3| of 1.00 is incident on the liquid crystal layer, the |S3| of the polarized light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer is 0.85 or greater, the first polarizer and the second polarizer are circular polarizers or elliptic polarizers with an ellipticity of 0.422 or greater, the first polarizer is substantially composed only of a first linear polarizing layer and a first phase difference layer, and the second polarizer is substantially composed only of a second linear polarizing layer and a second phase difference layer. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-90704 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-222829 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2016 / 208516 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a liquid crystal display device that facilitates the design of the optical system on the light-emitting side. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] (1) One embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix including a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, and comprising, in order from the back side toward the observation surface side, a first polarizing plate having a first polarization axis, a first substrate having a plurality of nonlinear elements arranged corresponding to each pixel, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules, a second substrate, and a second polarizing plate having a second polarization axis, wherein the first substrate further comprises, in order toward the liquid crystal layer side, a first electrode, an insulating layer, and a second electrode having one longitudinal opening for each pixel extending along the row or column direction of the plurality of pixels, and in a plan view, the second polarization axis is arranged parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening and is arranged at an angle of 80° or more and 89° or less with respect to the first polarization axis.

[0008] (2) In addition, one embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of (1) above, the liquid crystal molecules have positive dielectric anisotropy, and in a plan view, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage is arranged at an angle of 1° to 10° to one side of the longitudinal direction of the opening, either clockwise or counterclockwise, and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate side in the state of no applied voltage is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the opening, a liquid crystal display device.

[0009] (3) In addition, one embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which, in addition to the configuration of (2) above, the first polarization axis is arranged in a plan view parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage.

[0010] (4) In addition, one embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which, in addition to the configuration of (2) above, in a plan view, the first polarization axis is arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2° to the other side, clockwise and counterclockwise, with respect to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage, or to the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage.

[0011] (5) In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of (1) above, the liquid crystal molecules have negative dielectric anisotropy, and in a plan view, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state without applied voltage is arranged at an angle of 1° or more and 10° or less to one side clockwise and counterclockwise with respect to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening. A liquid crystal display device in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate side in the absence of applied voltage is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening.

[0012] (6) In addition, one embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which, in addition to the configuration of (5) above, the first polarization axis is arranged in a plan view parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage.

[0013] (7) In addition, one embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which, in addition to the configuration of (5) above, in a plan view, the first polarization axis is arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2° to the other side, clockwise and counterclockwise, with respect to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage, or to the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage.

[0014] (8) In addition, one embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which, in addition to the configuration of (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) or (7) above, the first substrate further comprises gate lines, wherein in a plan view, the gate lines are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening.

[0015] (9) In addition, one embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which, in addition to the configuration of (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), or (8) above, the liquid crystal layer further contains a chiral dopant, the liquid crystal molecules are torsion-oriented, and the value obtained by dividing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer by the torsion pitch of the liquid crystal molecules is 0.125 or less.

[0016] (10) Further, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), or (9) above, the first substrate further includes a color filter layer and a planarization film disposed on the liquid crystal layer side of the color filter layer, and is a liquid crystal display device.

[0017] (11) Further, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), or (10) above, the first substrate further includes a longitudinally shaped light shielding film disposed between the plurality of pixels, and in a plan view, the longitudinal direction of the light shielding film is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the opening, and is a liquid crystal display device.

Effect of the Invention

[0018] According to the present invention, a liquid crystal display device capable of easily designing an optical system on the light-emitting side can be provided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] [Figure 1] It is a plan schematic view of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 2] It is an enlarged plan schematic view of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 3] It is an enlarged schematic view within the broken line frame in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] It is a cross-sectional schematic view of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 along the line A1 - A2 in FIG. 3. [Figure 5] It is an enlarged plan schematic view of a liquid crystal display device according to a modified example of Embodiment 1. [Figure 6] It is an enlarged plan schematic view of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2. [Figure 7] It is an enlarged plan schematic view of a liquid crystal display device according to a modified example of Embodiment 2. [Figure 8] It is a plan schematic view of a liquid crystal display device in the FFS mode of a comparative form. [Figure 9]This is an enlarged planar schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display device in FFS mode for comparison. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and design modifications can be made as appropriate within the scope of satisfying the configuration of the present invention. In the following description, the same reference numerals will be used in common across different drawings for the same parts or parts having similar functions, and repeated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate. Each aspect of the present invention may be combined as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0021] (Embodiment 1) Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1. Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic plan view of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1. Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the area within the dashed frame (dashed rectangular frame) in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 along the line A1-A2 in Figure 3.

[0022] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment has a plurality of pixels 10P arranged in a matrix including a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, and comprises, in order from the back side toward the observation surface side, a first polarizing plate 510 having a first polarization axis 510A, a first substrate 100 having a plurality of nonlinear elements 100T arranged corresponding to each pixel 10P, a liquid crystal layer 300 containing liquid crystal molecules 300L, a second substrate 200, and a second polarizing plate 520 having a second polarization axis 520A. The first substrate 100 further comprises, in order toward the liquid crystal layer 300 side, a first electrode 100E1, an insulating layer 100F, and a second electrode 100E2 having one longitudinal opening 100E2X for each pixel 10P that extends along the row or column direction of the plurality of pixels 10P. In this configuration, the liquid crystal display device 1 can perform display by applying a voltage between the first electrode 100E1 and the second electrode 100E2 to generate a transverse electric field (fringe electric field) in the liquid crystal layer 300, thereby suppressing color shift within the viewing angle. The liquid crystal display device 1 is a liquid crystal display device in FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode.

[0023] In a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is positioned parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X, and is positioned at an angle of 80° or more and 89° or less with respect to the first polarization axis 510A. In a liquid crystal display device 1 of this configuration, the second polarization axis 520A and the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X can be positioned parallel to the horizontal direction 11D or the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10 of the liquid crystal display device 1, respectively, while suppressing a decrease in the contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1, thus simplifying the design of the optical system on the light-emitting side.

[0024] In this specification, two lines (including axes, directions, and bearings) are said to be parallel if the angle between them (absolute value) is 0° or greater and less than 1°, preferably 0° (perfectly parallel). Also in this specification, two lines (including axes, directions, and bearings) are said to be orthogonal if the angle between them is greater than 89° and 90° or less, preferably 90° (perfectly orthogonal).

[0025] In the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment, there is a concern about light leakage (reduction in contrast) because the angle between the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A is not 90°. However, due to the optical rotation of the liquid crystal molecules 300L, if the deviation between the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side and the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side is 10° or less, a practical range of image quality for display on a head-mounted display (HMD) can be obtained.

[0026] In LCD displays for HMDs, FFS mode is the mainstream display mode to suppress color shift within the viewing angle. Figure 8 is a schematic plan view of an FFS mode LCD display in a comparative configuration. Figure 9 is an enlarged schematic plan view of an FFS mode LCD display in a comparative configuration.

[0027] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the comparative FFS mode liquid crystal display device 1R comprises, in order from the back side toward the observation surface side, a first polarizing plate having a first polarization axis 510AR, a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules 300LR, a second substrate, and a second polarizing plate having a second polarization axis 520AR. The liquid crystal display device 1R further comprises a longitudinally shaped light-shielding film 100MR, a red color filter 170RR, a green color filter 170GR, a blue color filter 170BR, and a photospacer 600R.

[0028] The first substrate described above comprises a gate line 120LR, a source line 150LR, and a pair of electrodes. One of the electrodes 100ER of the pair of electrodes is provided with a longitudinally shaped opening 100EXR. The opening 100EXR provided in electrode 100ER is also called a slit or pixel slit.

[0029] In the FFS mode liquid crystal display device 1R, in order to keep the operating direction of the liquid crystal molecules 300LR constant, the orientation direction 300LAR of the liquid crystal molecules 300LR in a plan view under no-voltage conditions is arranged to form an angle of approximately 5° to 15° with respect to the longitudinal direction 100EAR of the opening 100EXR of the electrode 100ER. Specifically, in a plan view, the orientation direction 301LAR of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side and the orientation direction 302LAR of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate side in a plan view under no-voltage conditions are arranged to form an angle of approximately 5° to 15° with respect to the longitudinal direction 100EAR of the opening 100EXR of the electrode 100ER.

[0030] In recent years, with the increasing resolution of pixels, and the need to improve transmittance and reduce oblique color mixing, it has been proposed to arrange the longitudinal direction of the electrode aperture (pixel slit), the direction of the source line extension, and the longitudinal direction of the light-shielding film parallel to the horizontal or vertical direction of the liquid crystal display screen in a plan view.

[0031] However, as described above, in the FFS mode liquid crystal display device 1R shown in Figure 9, in a plan view, the orientation direction 300LAR of the liquid crystal molecules 300LR in the no-voltage state is arranged to form an angle of approximately 5° to 15° with respect to the longitudinal direction 100EAR of the opening 100EXR of the electrode 100ER. Therefore, when the longitudinal direction 100EAR of the aperture 100EXR of electrode 100ER is arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11DR or vertical direction 12DR of the screen 10R of liquid crystal display device 1R, and a normal polarizer arrangement (crossed nicol arrangement) in which the first polarization axis 510AR and the second polarization axis 520AR are orthogonal is applied, the first polarization axis 510AR of the first polarizer located on the incident light side (back side) and the second polarization axis 520AR of the second polarizer located on the exit light side (observation surface side) both need to be at an angle of approximately 5° to 15° with respect to the horizontal direction 11DR or vertical direction 12DR of the screen 10R of liquid crystal display device 1R, in accordance with the initial orientation direction 300LAR of the liquid crystal molecules 300LR (in the state without applied voltage). In this configuration, although there is almost no effect on the setting of components on the incident light side, the design and manufacturing of the optical system on the exit light side, which requires lenses and mirrors, has been difficult due to distortion of color shift, etc.

[0032] The liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0033] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment comprises, in order from the back side toward the observation surface side, a first polarizing plate 510 having a first polarizing axis 510A, a first substrate 100, a liquid crystal layer 300 containing liquid crystal molecules 300L, a second substrate 200, and a second polarizing plate 520 having a second polarizing axis 520A. The liquid crystal display device 1 may also include a first alignment film 410 between the first substrate 100 and the liquid crystal layer 300. Similarly, the liquid crystal display device 1 may also include a second alignment film 420 between the second substrate 200 and the liquid crystal layer 300. The liquid crystal display device 1 may further include a backlight on the side of the first polarizing plate 510 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 300.

[0034] The liquid crystal display device 1 includes an active area (image display area) on which an image is displayed. The active area consists of a plurality of pixels 10P arranged in a matrix in the horizontal direction 11D and the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10.

[0035] The first substrate 100 comprises a first support substrate 110, a plurality of gate lines 120L arranged on the liquid crystal layer 300 side of the first support substrate 110, a first insulating layer 130 arranged on the liquid crystal layer 300 side of the plurality of gate lines 120L, and a plurality of source lines 150L arranged on the liquid crystal layer 300 side of the first insulating layer 130. The plurality of gate lines 120L are arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11D of the screen 10. The plurality of source lines 150L are arranged parallel to the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10. The plurality of gate lines 120L and the plurality of source lines 150L are formed in a grid pattern as a whole so as to demarcate each pixel 10P. Nonlinear elements 100T are arranged at the intersections of each gate line 120L and each source line 150L.

[0036] In this embodiment, the horizontal direction 11D forms a 90° angle with respect to the vertical direction 12D. The horizontal direction 11D corresponds to the row direction (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "row direction") of the matrix-arranged pixels 10P, and the vertical direction 12D corresponds to the column direction (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "column direction") of the matrix-arranged pixels 10P.

[0037] In this embodiment, the gate line 120L is arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11D of the screen 10, and the source line 150L is arranged parallel to the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10. However, the gate line 120L may be arranged parallel to the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10, and the source line 150L may be arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11D of the screen 10.

[0038] Each nonlinear element 100T is a three-terminal switch (e.g., a thin-film transistor (TFT)) having a semiconductor layer 100S, a gate electrode protruding from (or being part of) the corresponding gate line 120L, a source electrode protruding from (or being part of) the corresponding source line 150L, ​​a drain electrode 150D connected to the corresponding pixel electrode among a plurality of pixel electrodes (first electrode 100E1 in this embodiment), and a semiconductor layer 100S. The source electrode and drain electrode 150D are electrodes provided in the same source wiring layer 150 as the source line 150L, ​​and the gate electrode is an electrode provided in the same gate wiring layer 120 as the gate line 120L. The semiconductor layer 100S is connected to the drain electrode 150D via a through-hole 10CH1. The first electrode 100E1 is connected to the drain electrode 150D via a through-hole 10CH2.

[0039] The liquid crystal display device 1 comprises a gate driver connected to the gate line 120L, a source driver connected to the source line 150L, ​​and a controller connected to the gate driver and the source driver. The gate driver sequentially supplies scanning signals to the gate line 120L based on control by the controller. The source driver supplies data signals to the source line 150L based on control by the controller at the timing when the nonlinear element 100T enters a voltage-applied state due to the scanning signal.

[0040] Each pixel electrode is set to a potential corresponding to the data signal supplied via the corresponding nonlinear element 100T, generating a fringe electric field between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, causing the liquid crystal molecules 300L of the liquid crystal layer 300 to rotate. In this way, the magnitude of the voltage applied between the common electrode and the pixel electrode is controlled, changing the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 300 and controlling the transmission or opacity of light.

[0041] The various wirings and electrodes constituting the gate wire 120L, source wire 150L, ​​and nonlinear element 100T can be formed by depositing metals such as copper, titanium, aluminum, molybdenum, and tungsten, or their alloys, in single or multiple layers using sputtering or the like, followed by patterning using photolithography or the like. For these various wirings and electrodes formed in the same layer, the manufacturing process can be made more efficient by using the same material for each component.

[0042] The first substrate 100 comprises, in order toward the liquid crystal layer 300 side, a first support substrate 110, a gate wiring layer 120 on which gate lines 120L are provided, a first insulating layer 130, a semiconductor layer 100S, a source wiring layer 150 on which source lines 150L are provided, a second insulating layer 160, a color filter layer 170, a planarization film 180, a first electrode 100E1, an insulating layer 100F, a second electrode 100E2 on which an opening 100E2X is provided, and a light-shielding film 100M.

[0043] The first insulating layer 130 is a gate insulating layer. The first insulating layer 130 is, for example, an inorganic insulating film. As an inorganic insulating film, for example, silicon nitride (SiN x ), inorganic films such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) (with relative permittivity ε=5~7), or laminated films thereof can be used.

[0044] The semiconductor layer 100S preferably contains an oxide semiconductor or p-Si (Polycrystalline Silicon). Examples of oxide semiconductors include, but are not limited to, IGZO® (In-Ga-Zn-O: indium gallium zinc oxide) and ZnO (zinc oxide).

[0045] The second insulating layer 160 is, for example, an inorganic insulating film. Examples of inorganic insulating films include silicon nitride (SiN). x ), inorganic films such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) (with relative permittivity ε=5~7), or laminated films thereof can be used.

[0046] The first substrate 100 includes a color filter layer 170. The color filter layer 170 is located on the liquid crystal layer 300 side of the second insulating layer 160. The color filter layer 170 consists of a red color filter 170R, a blue color filter 170B, and a green color filter 170G.

[0047] Multiple pixels 10P include a red pixel 10PR equipped with a red color filter 170R, a blue pixel 10PB equipped with a blue color filter 170B, and a green pixel 10PG equipped with a green color filter 170G. Three pixels 10P—red pixel 10PR, blue pixel 10PB, and green pixel 10PG—constitute a single pixel 1P. Within a single pixel 1P, these three pixels 10P are arranged in a striped pattern.

[0048] In this embodiment, the first substrate 100 has a color filter layer 170, but the second substrate 200 may have the color filter layer 170 instead of the first substrate 100. The color filter layer 170 is, for example, a microcolor filter layer.

[0049] The planarization film 180 is positioned on the liquid crystal layer 300 side of the color filter layer 170. The planarization film 180 is an insulating film that absorbs irregularities on the surface (substrate) on which the film is formed, and flattens the substrate surface on which the film is formed. The planarization film 180 makes it possible to maintain a constant cell thickness in the liquid crystal display device 1. An organic insulating film is preferred as the planarization film 180. As the organic insulating film, for example, an organic film such as acrylic resin, polyimide resin, or novolac resin can be used. As the organic insulating film, for example, an organic film with a low relative permittivity (relative permittivity ε = 2 to 5), such as a photosensitive acrylic resin, can be preferably used.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first substrate 100 preferably comprises a color filter layer 170 and a planarization film 180 disposed on the liquid crystal layer 300 side of the color filter layer 170. By adopting this configuration, the influence of misalignment during bonding of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 on the aperture shape (aperture ratio) of pixel 1P can be greatly reduced.

[0051] The first substrate 100 comprises a first electrode 100E1 that faces at least partially across an insulating layer 100F, and a second electrode 100E2 provided with an opening 100E2X that extends along the row or column direction of the plurality of pixels 10P. That is, the first substrate 100 comprises, in order, the first electrode 100E1, the insulating layer 100F, and the second electrode 100E2 provided with a longitudinally shaped opening 100E2X that extends along the row or column direction of the plurality of pixels 10P. By adopting this configuration, a display mode for FFS mode can be realized. Here, "partially facing" the first electrode 100E1 and the second electrode 100E2 means that at least a part of the first electrode 100E1 faces at least a part of the second electrode 100E2. The second electrode 100E2 is provided with one longitudinally shaped opening 100E2X for each pixel 10P.

[0052] One of the first electrode 100E1 and the second electrode 100E2 is a pixel electrode, and the other electrode is a common electrode. In this embodiment, the first electrode 100E1 is a pixel electrode, and the second electrode 100E2 is a common electrode.

[0053] Pixel electrodes are electrodes positioned in each region enclosed by two adjacent gate lines 120L and two adjacent source lines 150L. Pixel electrodes are positioned for each pixel 10P. Each pixel electrode is connected to a corresponding nonlinear element 100T, and is connected to the corresponding source line 150L via a semiconductor layer 100S provided by the nonlinear element 100T. The pixel electrodes are set to a potential corresponding to the data signal supplied via the corresponding nonlinear element 100T.

[0054] A common electrode is, for example, an electrode formed on almost the entire surface, regardless of the boundary of pixel 10P. A common signal, maintained at a constant value, is supplied to the common electrode, and the common electrode is maintained at a constant potential.

[0055] The first substrate 100 is provided with gate lines 120L, and in a plan view, it is preferable that the gate lines 120L are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X. In a liquid crystal display device 1 of this form, one of the extending direction of the gate lines 120L and the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X can be arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11D of the screen 10, and the other can be arranged parallel to the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10, thereby achieving high resolution while improving transmittance and reducing oblique color mixing.

[0056] The second electrode 100E2 is positioned closer to the liquid crystal layer 300 than the first electrode 100E1. The opening 100E2X of the (upper layer) second electrode 100E2, which is positioned closer to the liquid crystal layer 300, is located on the lower layer first electrode 100E1. In this embodiment, the lower layer first electrode 100E1 is located in at least the region corresponding to the opening 100E2X, but there may be regions within the region corresponding to the opening 100E2X where the first electrode 100E1 is not present. For example, if the lower layer first electrode 100E1 is a common electrode, the first electrode 100E1 may be a solid electrode with an opening in the region corresponding to the through-hole connecting the upper layer second electrode 100E2, which is a pixel electrode, and the drain electrode of the nonlinear element 100T. The electric field applied to the liquid crystal molecules is determined by the potential difference between the opening 100E2X of the upper second electrode 100E2 and the lower first electrode 100E1. Therefore, in terms of the operation of the liquid crystal molecules, either the upper electrode (second electrode 100E2) or the lower electrode (first electrode 100E1) may be a pixel electrode or a common electrode. When the upper electrode is a pixel electrode, it must be electrically insulated from adjacent pixel electrodes. For example, the upper electrode has a configuration in which one opening 100E2X is provided in each square-shaped pixel electrode. On the other hand, when the upper electrode is a common electrode, the upper electrode has a configuration in which one opening 100E2X is provided in the region corresponding to each pixel of a solid electrode that extends across the entire screen area (i.e., the number of openings in the common electrode as a whole is the same as the number of pixels).

[0057] It is preferable that the first electrode 100E1 is a pixel electrode and the second electrode 100E2 is a common electrode. This configuration makes it possible to reduce the step caused by the electrodes. Furthermore, the through-hole 10CH2 between the pixel electrode and the drain electrode can be easily formed. Specifically, positional interference between the through-hole 10CH2 and the light-shielding film 100M becomes less likely, simplifying the design of the liquid crystal display device 1. Also, if the light-shielding film 100M is a conductor such as a metal, electrical interference between the through-hole 10CH2 and the light-shielding film 100M becomes less likely, simplifying the design of the liquid crystal display device 1.

[0058] The first electrode 100E1 may be a common electrode, and the second electrode 100E2 may be a pixel electrode. By adopting this configuration, the parasitic capacitance [Cgd] of the nonlinear element 100T can be reduced.

[0059] The first electrode 100E1 and the second electrode 100E2 can be formed by depositing a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or tin oxide (SnO), or an alloy thereof, in a single or multiple layer by sputtering or the like, and then patterning it using photolithography.

[0060] The insulating layer 100F is an interlayer insulating film and has the function of insulating the first electrode 100E1 and the second electrode 100E2. An inorganic insulating film can be used as the insulating layer 100F. For example, silicon nitride (SiN) x ), inorganic films such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) (with relative permittivity ε=5~7), or laminated films thereof can be used.

[0061] The first substrate 100 is preferably provided with a light-shielding film 100M. The light-shielding film 100M has the function of blocking light. The light absorption rate of the light-shielding film 100M should be 30% or more. The sum of the light absorption rate and reflectance of the light-shielding film 100M is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 95% or more. The light absorption rate of the light-shielding film 100M is determined by performing general reflectance and transmittance measurements and subtracting the reflectance and transmittance from 100%.

[0062] The light-shielding film 100M preferably contains a metal. The metal contained in the light-shielding film 100M is preferably a metal with relatively low reflectivity, such as molybdenum or titanium. The light-shielding film 100M may also contain materials other than metal.

[0063] The 100M light-shielding film is, for example, a metal film. The reflectance of the above metal film is, for example, 40% or more and 70% or less. The reflectance is the reflectance in the visible light region (e.g., wavelength 380nm to 780nm) and can be measured by a method compliant with JIS R3106:2019. A spectrophotometer (e.g., Konica Minolta CM-700d) can be used as the measuring device.

[0064] The light-shielding film 100M may be a laminate containing a metal film and an insulating film. The insulating film included in the laminate is, for example, an inorganic insulating film. The laminate may be, for example, a laminate in which an insulating film such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride is sandwiched between a plurality of metal films. When the light-shielding film 100M is the above laminate, the metal film included in the laminate is preferably a semi-transparent thin metal film layer. By adopting this configuration, the reflectivity of the light-shielding film 100M can be reduced by utilizing light interference.

[0065] The first substrate 100 includes a longitudinally shaped light-shielding film 100M arranged between a plurality of pixels 10P (boundaries of pixels 10P), and in a plan view, it is preferable that the longitudinal direction of the light-shielding film 100M is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X. In this embodiment of the liquid crystal display device 1, since the longitudinal direction of the light-shielding film 100M and the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X can be arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11D or the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10 of the liquid crystal display device 1, it is possible to achieve high resolution while improving transmittance and reducing oblique color mixing.

[0066] The light-shielding film 100M is longitudinally shaped and preferably arranged in an island-like manner between multiple pixels 10P (boundaries of pixels 10P) such that at least a portion of it overlaps the source line 150L. This configuration makes it possible to suppress color shifts during monochrome display caused by light leakage from adjacent pixels 10P, mainly at oblique viewing angles.

[0067] The second substrate 200 includes a second support substrate 210.

[0068] The second substrate 200 may have a second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM on the liquid crystal layer 300 side of the second support substrate 210. The second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM may be provided in a grid pattern, for example, to partition each color filter.

[0069] The second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM is, for example, a black matrix layer. The material of the black matrix layer is not particularly limited as long as it has light-shielding properties, but a resin material containing a black pigment or a metal material with light-shielding properties is preferably used. The black matrix layer is formed, for example, by a photolithography method in which a photosensitive resin containing a black pigment is applied to form a film, followed by exposure and development.

[0070] Preferably, the light-shielding film 20BM on the second substrate side extends along the row direction (horizontal direction 11D in this embodiment) between two adjacent pixels 10P in the column direction (vertical direction 12D in this embodiment), and is not positioned between two adjacent pixels 10P in the row direction (it is not extended along the column direction between two adjacent pixels 10P in the row direction). By adopting this configuration, peeling of the light-shielding film 20BM on the second substrate side can be suppressed compared to the case where the light-shielding film 20BM on the second substrate side extends both between two adjacent pixels 10P in the column direction and between two adjacent pixels 10P in the row direction. Furthermore, by adopting this configuration, the aperture ratio can be increased compared to the case where the light-shielding film 20BM on the second substrate side extends in the column direction, from the viewpoint of alignment accuracy when bonding the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM extends, for example, in the row direction between the outer frame of the screen 10 of the liquid crystal display device 1 and each pixel 10P. In this specification, "extending along a certain direction" means "extending parallel to a certain direction."

[0071] A spacer 600 may be provided between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The spacer 600 has the function of securing a gap in the space where the liquid crystal layer 300 is formed. The spacer 600 has, for example, a columnar shape. The spacer 600 is placed on at least one of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, and may be placed on both substrates. The spacer 600 is, for example, provided on the second substrate 200, and its tip does not need to be in contact with the first substrate 100. The planar shape of the spacer 600 may be, for example, a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse. The spacer 600 may be, for example, a frustoconical, cylindrical, elliptical, elliptical, pyramidal, or prismatic shape. Examples of pyramidal shapes include frustoconical shapes and square pyramidal shapes. Examples of prismatic shapes include square prismatic shapes.

[0072] The spacer 600 preferably contains, for example, a cured product of a photosensitive resin. Examples of photosensitive resins include resins having ultraviolet-reactive functional groups.

[0073] The liquid crystal layer 300 contains a liquid crystal material, and the amount of light transmitted is controlled by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 300 and changing the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 300L in the liquid crystal material according to the applied voltage. The liquid crystal material exhibits nematic liquid crystal properties within a certain temperature range.

[0074] The liquid crystal molecules 300L align horizontally when no voltage is applied. Horizontal orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 300L means that when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 300, the liquid crystal molecules 300L in the liquid crystal layer 300 align substantially parallel to the main surfaces of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, respectively. Here, orientation of the liquid crystal molecules substantially parallel to the main surface of the substrate means that the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules is 0° or more and 5° or less with respect to the main surface of the substrate, preferably 0° or more and 2° or less, and more preferably 0° or more and 1° or less.

[0075] In this specification, the voltage-applied state, in which a voltage equal to or greater than a threshold is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, is also simply referred to as the "voltage-applied state" or "when voltage is applied," and the voltage-free state, in which a voltage equal to or less than a threshold is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode (including no voltage applied), is also simply referred to as the "voltage-free state" or "when voltage is not applied."

[0076] Liquid crystal molecules with a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δε), defined by the following formula (L1), are also called positive-type liquid crystals, and liquid crystal molecules with a negative dielectric anisotropy are also called negative-type liquid crystals. The long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule 300L is the orientation direction (slow phase axis direction). Furthermore, the liquid crystal molecule 300L exhibits homogeneous orientation when no voltage is applied between the first electrode 100E1 and the second electrode 100E2 (no voltage applied state). Δε = (dielectric constant in the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule) - (dielectric constant in the short axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule) Equation (L1)

[0077] In this embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules 300L preferably have positive dielectric anisotropy. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can improve response speed.

[0078] In a plan view, it is preferable that the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state without applied voltage is arranged at an angle of 1° to 10° (clockwise in Figure 2) to one side (clockwise in Figure 2) of the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can effectively rotate the liquid crystal molecules 300L in a certain direction when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 300, thereby achieving better display.

[0079] In a plan view, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state without applied voltage is more preferably 1° to 10° in one direction (clockwise in Figure 2) relative to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X, and even more preferably 3° to 7°. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can achieve even better display.

[0080] Furthermore, in a plan view, it is preferable that the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the no-voltage state is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. In such a configuration, the liquid crystal display device 1 can be arranged parallel or perpendicular to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the no-voltage state, and the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X can be arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11D or the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10 of the liquid crystal display device 1, thus facilitating the design of the optical system on the light-emitting side.

[0081] In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules refers to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules located in the center of the opening of the second electrode in a plan view. The center of the opening is the region where the center of the opening in the longitudinal direction (a region having a certain range) and the center of the opening in the width direction (a direction making a 90° angle with respect to the longitudinal direction) (a region having a certain range) overlap. The center of the opening in the longitudinal direction is, for example, the region located in the middle of the three regions obtained by dividing the opening into three equal parts in the longitudinal direction. The center of the opening in the width direction is, for example, the region located in the middle of the three regions obtained by dividing the opening into three equal parts in the width direction.

[0082] The orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules in the absence of applied voltage can be determined as follows. Since the alignment film (for example, an alignment film using a commonly used heat-resistant polymer) has a phase difference in the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules, the direction of the phase difference of the alignment film measured by a micropolarization measuring device (for example, a micropolarization spectrophotometer (TFM-120AFT-PC manufactured by Oak Seisakusho)) can be determined as the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the absence of applied voltage. That is, the direction of the phase difference of the first alignment film 410 can be determined as the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the absence of applied voltage. Similarly, the direction of the phase difference of the second alignment film 420 can be determined as the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the absence of applied voltage.

[0083] If the phase difference of the alignment film is minute and it is difficult to determine the direction of the phase difference of the alignment film, a laminate comprising an alignment film, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules, and a polarizing plate in this order can be subjected to polarized light having a polarization axis that forms a 90° angle with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate from the direction of the alignment film, and the direction showing the minimum transmittance can be determined as the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the voltage-free state.

[0084] The liquid crystal layer 300 contains a chiral dopant, and the liquid crystal molecules 300L are torsion-oriented. Preferably, the value obtained by dividing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 300 by the torsion pitch of the liquid crystal molecules 300L is 0.125 or less. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can increase the response speed of the liquid crystal molecules 300L when a voltage is applied. The torsion pitch is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 300 corresponding to one turn of the helical structure (360° twist).

[0085] In this case, if the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in a plan view, under no voltage applied, is significantly tilted relative to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in a no voltage applied state, the contrast will decrease, and a sufficient response speed may not be obtained due to the limitation of contrast.

[0086] In FFS mode liquid crystal display devices, the response speed when voltage is applied (hereinafter referred to as Ton) is generally considerably slower than the response speed when the voltage returns (hereinafter referred to as Toff), and Ton is susceptible to the influence of the orientation angle of the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, in this embodiment in which the liquid crystal molecules 300L have positive dielectric anisotropy, Ton can be accelerated by adding a chiral dopant to the liquid crystal layer 300 such that the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side is tilted toward the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X of the second electrode 100E2, from the first substrate 100 side toward the second substrate 200 side. In this case, Toff becomes slower, so it is necessary to balance the two.

[0087] The chiral dopant is not particularly limited, and conventionally known ones can be used. For example, S-811 (manufactured by Merck Electronics) can be used as the chiral agent.

[0088] The first alignment film 410 and the second alignment film 420 have the function of controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 300L contained in the liquid crystal layer 300. The first alignment film 410 and the second alignment film 420 are horizontal alignment films. The horizontal alignment films have the function of aligning the liquid crystal molecules horizontally when no voltage is applied.

[0089] Methods for aligning the first alignment film 410 include methods such as severing polymer chains in a certain direction of the alignment film by irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light (decomposition-type photoalignment method), generating a cis-trans isomerization reaction in the photofunctional groups in the alignment film by irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light (isomerization-type photoalignment method), and rubbing the surface of the alignment film with a napped cloth to increase the proportion of polymer chains on the surface aligned in a certain direction (rubbing alignment method). The orientation method for the second alignment film 420 is the same as that for the first alignment film 410.

[0090] The first polarizer 510 has a first polarization axis 510A. The second polarizer 520 has a second polarization axis 520A. Here, the polarization axis means the transmission axis. The first polarizer 510 and the second polarizer 520 are, for example, absorption polarizers, and the first polarizer 510 has a first polarization axis 510A and a first absorption axis perpendicular to the first polarization axis 510A, and the second polarizer 520 has a second polarization axis 520A and a second absorption axis perpendicular to the second polarization axis 520A.

[0091] In a plan view, it is preferable that the first polarization axis 510A is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state where no voltage is applied. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can achieve good image quality with suppressed light leakage. In this embodiment, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is arranged parallel to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state where no voltage is applied.

[0092] In a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. In a liquid crystal display device 1 of this type, the design of the optical system on the light-emitting side can be facilitated. In this embodiment, in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0093] In a plan view, it is preferable that the second polarization axis 520A is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the state where no voltage is applied. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can achieve good image quality with suppressed light leakage. In this embodiment, in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is arranged perpendicular to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the state where no voltage is applied.

[0094] In a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is positioned at an angle of 80° to 89° with respect to the first polarization axis 510A. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can be designed more easily while suppressing a decrease in contrast (achieving good image quality with suppressed light leakage). In a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is preferably positioned at an angle of 83° to 88° with respect to the first polarization axis 510A, and more preferably at an angle of 85° to 87°. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can achieve even better image quality with suppressed light leakage.

[0095] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is arranged parallel to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side when no voltage is applied, and the second polarization axis 520A is arranged orthogonal to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X and the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side when no voltage is applied. However, the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A may be set as follows: In a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is arranged orthogonal to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side when no voltage is applied, and the second polarization axis 520A may be arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X and the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side when no voltage is applied.

[0096] (Modified version of Embodiment 1) Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic plan view of a liquid crystal display device according to a modified embodiment of Embodiment 1. The liquid crystal display device 1 of this modified embodiment has the same configuration as Embodiment 1, except that the arrangement of the first polarization axis 510A is different.

[0097] In this modified example, the liquid crystal molecules 300L have positive dielectric anisotropy. As shown in Figure 5, in a plan view, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state is arranged at an angle of 1° to 10° on one side (clockwise in Figure 5) of the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X, either clockwise or counterclockwise. The first polarization axis 510A is arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than 2° on the other side (counterclockwise in Figure 5) of the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state, or perpendicular to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301 on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can further improve contrast. In this specification, a direction perpendicular to a certain direction is a direction that makes a 90° angle with a certain direction.

[0098] In Figure 5, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is positioned counterclockwise with respect to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state, at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2°, while the second polarization axis 520A is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0099] Furthermore, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is positioned counterclockwise with respect to the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state, at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2°, and in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A may be positioned parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0100] In a high-definition liquid crystal display device to which a configuration like the modified example described herein is applied, the actual orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 300L near the light-shielding film 100M is shifted by up to approximately 4° due to the effect of the step in the light-shielding film 100M. Specifically, the actual orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 300L near the light-shielding film 100M is shifted to approach the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. Therefore, in this modified example, by arranging the first polarization axis 510A to be closer to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X than in Embodiment 1, the contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1 can be increased compared to Embodiment 1.

[0101] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, we will mainly describe the features specific to this embodiment, and will omit explanations of content that overlaps with Embodiment 1 described above. Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic plan view of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2. The liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules 300L, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 300L in the state without applied voltage, and the arrangement of the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are different.

[0102] The liquid crystal molecules 300L in the liquid crystal display device 1 of Embodiment 1 have positive dielectric anisotropy, but the liquid crystal molecules 300L in this embodiment have negative dielectric anisotropy. By adopting this configuration, the transmittance can be improved.

[0103] In a plan view, when no voltage is applied, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side is preferably such that they are arranged at an angle of 1° to 10° (clockwise in Figure 6) to one side (clockwise in Figure 6) with respect to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can effectively rotate the liquid crystal molecules 300L in a certain direction when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 300, thereby achieving better display.

[0104] In a plan view, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state without applied voltage is more preferably 4° to 7° in one direction (clockwise in Figure 6) with respect to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X, and even more preferably 3° to 5°. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can achieve even better display.

[0105] Furthermore, in a plan view, it is preferable that the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the no-voltage state is arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. In such a configuration, the liquid crystal display device 1 can be arranged parallel or orthogonally to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the no-voltage state, and the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X can be arranged parallel to the horizontal direction 11D or the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10 of the liquid crystal display device 1, thus facilitating the design of the optical system on the light-emitting side.

[0106] In a plan view, it is preferable that the first polarization axis 510A is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state where no voltage is applied. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can achieve good image quality with suppressed light leakage. In this embodiment, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is arranged parallel to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state where no voltage is applied.

[0107] In a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. In a liquid crystal display device 1 of this type, the design of the optical system on the light-emitting side can be facilitated. In this embodiment, in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0108] In a plan view, it is preferable that the second polarization axis 520A is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the state where no voltage is applied. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can achieve good image quality with suppressed light leakage. In this embodiment, in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A is arranged perpendicular to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the state where no voltage is applied.

[0109] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is arranged parallel to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state without applied voltage, and the second polarization axis 520A is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X and perpendicular to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the state without applied voltage. However, the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A may be set as follows: In a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A may be arranged perpendicular to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state without applied voltage, and the second polarization axis 520A may be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X and parallel to the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side in the state without applied voltage.

[0110] The liquid crystal layer 300 contains a chiral dopant, the liquid crystal molecules 300L are torsion-oriented, and it is preferable that the value obtained by dividing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 300 by the torsion pitch of the liquid crystal molecules 300L is 0.125 or less.

[0111] In this embodiment, where the liquid crystal molecules 300L have negative dielectric anisotropy, the Ton speed can be increased by adding a chiral dopant to the liquid crystal layer 300 such that the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side is tilted in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X of the second electrode 100E2, from the first substrate 100 side to the second substrate 200 side.

[0112] (Modified version of Embodiment 2) Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic plan view of a liquid crystal display device according to a modified example of Embodiment 2. The liquid crystal display device 1 of this modified example has the same configuration as Embodiment 2, except that the arrangement of the first polarization axis 510A is different.

[0113] In this modified example, the liquid crystal molecules 300L have negative dielectric anisotropy. As shown in Figure 7, in a plan view, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state is arranged at an angle of 1° to 10° on one side (clockwise in Figure 7) with respect to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X, and the first polarization axis 510A is arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than 2° on the other side (counterclockwise in Figure 7) with respect to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state, or with respect to the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state. A liquid crystal display device 1 in this configuration can further improve contrast.

[0114] In Figure 7, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is positioned counterclockwise with respect to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state, at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2°, while the second polarization axis 520A is positioned parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0115] Furthermore, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A is positioned counterclockwise with respect to the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state, at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2°, and in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A may be positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0116] In a high-definition liquid crystal display device to which a configuration like the modified example described herein is applied, the actual orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 300L near the light-shielding film 100M is shifted by up to approximately 4° due to the effect of the step in the light-shielding film 100M. Specifically, the actual orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 300L near the light-shielding film 100M is shifted to a direction closer to perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. Therefore, in this modified example, by arranging the first polarization axis 510A to be closer to perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X than in Embodiment 2, the contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1 can be increased compared to Embodiment 2.

[0117] The effects of the present invention will be explained below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0118] (Example 1-1) A liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 1-1, corresponding to the liquid crystal display device 1 of Embodiment 1, was fabricated. The liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment was an active matrix liquid crystal display device for HMD with a density of 1400 ppi. The size of each pixel (each pixel 1P) was 18 μm square, and the size of each subpixel (each pixel 10P) was 6 μm × 18 μm.

[0119] The first substrate 100 of the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment was manufactured as follows. First, a gate wiring layer 120 including a gate electrode and gate line 120L, a gate insulating layer (first insulating layer 130), a TFT (nonlinear element 100T) having IGZO (registered trademark) as a semiconductor layer 100S, and a second insulating layer 160 were formed in order on the first support substrate 110. Next, a through-hole 10CH1 for electrically connecting the semiconductor layer 100S and the drain electrode 150D was formed through the second insulating layer 160. Furthermore, a source wiring layer 150 including a source electrode, a drain electrode 150D, and a source line 150L was formed on the second insulating layer 160. The gate line 120L extended parallel to the horizontal direction 11D of the screen 10, and the source line 150L extended parallel to the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10. The source line 150L also functions as a light-shielding film between pixels 10P. Although IGZO (registered trademark) was used for the semiconductor layer 100S that drives the pixel 10P, TFTs having p-Si as a semiconductor layer were used in the peripheral circuit section of the liquid crystal display device 1.

[0120] Furthermore, a color filter layer 170, consisting of a red color filter 170R, a blue color filter 170B, and a green color filter 170G, was formed on the source wiring layer 150 using a colored organic resist. Next, a planarization film 180, made of an organic insulating film, was formed on the color filter layer 170 to ensure flatness. Then, a through-hole 10CH2 for electrically connecting the drain electrode 150D of the TFT and the pixel electrode (first electrode 100E1) was formed through the color filter layer 170 and the planarization film 180.

[0121] Next, in order to perform display in FFS mode, a first electrode 100E1, which is a pixel electrode, an insulating layer 100F, and a second electrode 100E2, which is a common electrode, were formed on the planarized film 180 in that order. The first electrode 100E1 and the second electrode 100E2 were transparent electrodes. Then, a long-shaped light-shielding film 100M made of molybdenum was formed on the second electrode 100E2 to fabricate the first substrate 100.

[0122] Furthermore, a first alignment film 410 and a spacer 600 for ensuring cell thickness were formed on the light-shielding film 100M in that order. In this embodiment, the spacer 600 was formed on the first substrate 100, but the spacer 600 may be formed on the second substrate 200, or on both the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200.

[0123] The second electrode 100E2 is provided with longitudinally shaped openings 100E2X that extend along the row or column directions of the multiple pixels 10P. In a plan view, the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the openings 100E2X is arranged parallel to the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10 (specifically, at an angle of 0°). Also in a plan view, the longitudinal direction of the light-shielding film 100M is also arranged parallel to the vertical direction 12D of the screen 10 (specifically, at an angle of 0°).

[0124] The first alignment film 410 was a photodegradable alignment film in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the transmitted polarized light upon irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light. In a plan view, the first alignment film 410 was irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light to perform a photo-alignment treatment such that the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side, in the state without applied voltage, forms a 10° angle (specifically, clockwise) with respect to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0125] Next, the second substrate 200 of this embodiment was fabricated by forming a second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM on the second support substrate 210. The second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM was positioned on the outer frame of the screen 10 and extended along the row direction (horizontal direction 11D) between two adjacent pixels 10P in the column direction (vertical direction 12D). The second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM was not positioned between two adjacent pixels 10P in the row direction (it did not extend along the column direction between two adjacent pixels 10P in the row direction).

[0126] Furthermore, a second alignment film 420 was formed on the second substrate-side light-shielding film 20BM. In a plan view, the second alignment film 420 was subjected to an alignment treatment so that the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side, when no voltage is applied, is parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X (specifically, so that it forms an angle of 0°).

[0127] The first substrate 100 with the first alignment film 410 and the second substrate 200 with the second alignment film 420, which were fabricated as described above, were arranged so that the first alignment film 410 and the second alignment film 420 faced each other, and the two substrates were bonded together via the liquid crystal layer 300 to fabricate a liquid crystal cell. Next, a first polarizing plate 510 having a first polarizing axis 510A was placed on the side of the first substrate 100 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 300, and a second polarizing plate 520 having a second polarizing axis 520A was placed on the side of the second substrate 200 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 300, and a driver and drive circuit system were connected to the liquid crystal cell. Furthermore, a backlight system was placed on the back side of the first polarizing plate 510 to fabricate the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment.

[0128] The liquid crystal molecules 300L contained in the liquid crystal layer 300 were liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy that exhibited a nematic phase within a certain temperature range.

[0129] In a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was positioned parallel to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state (specifically, at an angle of 0°). Also in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A was positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X (specifically, at an angle of 90°), and at an angle of 80° clockwise with respect to the first polarization axis 510A.

[0130] The contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1 in this embodiment was 100 or higher. The contrast was measured using a colorimeter BM-5A (manufactured by Topcon Techno House Co., Ltd.).

[0131] Furthermore, the same effects as in Example 1-1 can be obtained even in a liquid crystal display device in which the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are arranged in directions 90° different from the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A of Example 1-1, respectively.

[0132] (Examples 1-2) A liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 1-2, corresponding to the liquid crystal display device 1 of Embodiment 1, was fabricated. The liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 1-2 had the same configuration as Example 1-1, except that the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side and the arrangement of the first polarization axis 510A were different when no voltage was applied.

[0133] In this embodiment, the first alignment film 410 was irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light to perform a photo-alignment treatment such that, in a plan view, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state forms an angle of 5° to one side (specifically, clockwise) with respect to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X.

[0134] In this embodiment, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was positioned parallel to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state of no applied voltage (specifically, at an angle of 0°). Also in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A was positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X (specifically, at an angle of 90°), and at an angle of 85° clockwise with respect to the first polarization axis 510A.

[0135] The contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1 in this embodiment was 500 or higher. From Examples 1-1 and 1-2, it was found that, in a plan view, the smaller the angle between the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side and the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X, the better the contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1.

[0136] Furthermore, the same effects as in Example 1-2 can be obtained even in a liquid crystal display device in which the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are arranged in directions 90° different from the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A of Example 1-2, respectively.

[0137] (Example 2) A liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 2, corresponding to the liquid crystal display device 1 of Embodiment 2, was fabricated. The liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 2 had the same configuration as Example 1-1, except that the liquid crystal molecules 300L had negative dielectric anisotropy, the orientation processing directions of the first alignment film 410 and the second alignment film 420 were 90° different from those of Example 1-1, and the arrangement of the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A were 90° different from those of Example 1-1.

[0138] In this embodiment, the first alignment film 410 was irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light to perform photoalignment treatment such that, in a plan view, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state of no applied voltage forms an angle of 10° clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X (specifically, clockwise). That is, in a plan view, the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state of no applied voltage forms an angle of 100° clockwise with respect to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X.

[0139] In this embodiment, the second alignment film 420 was subjected to an orientation treatment such that, in a plan view, the orientation direction 302LA of the liquid crystal molecules 302L on the second substrate 200 side, when no voltage is applied, is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X (specifically, at an angle of 90°).

[0140] In this embodiment, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was positioned parallel to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the state of no applied voltage (specifically, at an angle of 0°). That is, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was at an angle of 100° clockwise with respect to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X.

[0141] In this embodiment, in a plan view, the second polarization axis 520A was positioned parallel to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X (specifically, at an angle of 0°) and at an angle of 80° clockwise with respect to the first polarization axis 510A.

[0142] The contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1 in Example 2 was equivalent to that of Example 1-1. The transmittance of the liquid crystal display device 1 was greater in Example 2 than in Example 1-1, but the response speed was faster in Example 1-1 than in Example 2. Both transmittance and response speed were measured using an LCD-5200 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).

[0143] Furthermore, the same effect as in Example 2 can be obtained even in a liquid crystal display device in which the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are arranged in directions 90° different from the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A of Example 2, respectively.

[0144] (Example 3) A liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 3, corresponding to a modified example of Embodiment 1, was fabricated. The liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 3 had the same configuration as Example 1-1, except that the arrangement of the first polarization axis 510A was different.

[0145] In this embodiment, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was positioned at an angle of 8° clockwise with respect to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. Specifically, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was positioned at an angle of 2° to the other side (specifically counterclockwise) of the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state. That is, the second polarization axis 520A was positioned at an angle of 82° clockwise from the first polarization axis 510A. The contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1 in this embodiment was improved by 4% compared to Embodiment 1-1.

[0146] Furthermore, the same effect as in Example 3 can be obtained even in a liquid crystal display device in which the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are arranged in directions 90° different from the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A of Example 3, respectively.

[0147] (Example 4) A liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 4, corresponding to a modified example of Embodiment 2, was fabricated. The liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 4 had the same configuration as that of Example 2, except that the arrangement of the first polarization axis 510A was different.

[0148] In this embodiment, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was positioned at a 98° clockwise angle with respect to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the aperture 100E2X. Specifically, in a plan view, the first polarization axis 510A was positioned at a 2° angle (specifically counterclockwise) to the other side of the clockwise and counterclockwise directions with respect to the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side in the no-voltage state. That is, the second polarization axis 520A was positioned at a 82° clockwise angle from the first polarization axis 510A. The contrast of the liquid crystal display device 1 in this embodiment was improved by 4% compared to Embodiment 2.

[0149] Furthermore, the same effect as in Example 4 can be obtained in a liquid crystal display device in which the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are arranged in directions 90° different from the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A of Example 4, respectively.

[0150] (Example 5) A liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 5 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that S-811 (manufactured by Merck Electronics) was added as a chiral dopant to the liquid crystal layer 300. The chiral dopant was added to the liquid crystal layer 300 so that the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side was tilted toward the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X of the second electrode 100E2, from the first substrate 100 side toward the second substrate 200 side. In Example 5, the value obtained by dividing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 300 by the twist pitch (thickness of the liquid crystal layer / twist pitch) was 0.07. The response speed (Ton) of the liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 5 when voltage was applied was about 7% faster than the response speed (Ton) of the liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 1-1 when voltage was applied. The return response speed (Toff) of the liquid crystal display device 1 in Example 5 was equivalent to the return response speed (Toff) of the liquid crystal display device 1 in Example 1-1.

[0151] Furthermore, the same effect as in Example 5 can be obtained in a liquid crystal display device in which the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are arranged in directions 90° different from the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A of Example 5, respectively.

[0152] (Example 6) A liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 6 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2, except that S-811 (manufactured by Merck Electronics) was added as a chiral dopant to the liquid crystal layer 300. The chiral dopant was added to the liquid crystal layer 300 so that the orientation direction 301LA of the liquid crystal molecules 301L on the first substrate 100 side was tilted in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 100E2A of the opening 100E2X of the second electrode 100E2, from the first substrate 100 side toward the second substrate 200 side. In Example 6, the value obtained by dividing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 300 by the twist pitch (thickness of the liquid crystal layer / twist pitch) was 0.07. The response speed (Ton) of the liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 6 when voltage was applied was about 7% faster than the response speed (Ton) of the liquid crystal display device 1 of Example 2 when voltage was applied. The return response speed (Toff) of the liquid crystal display device 1 in Example 6 was equivalent to the return response speed (Toff) of the liquid crystal display device 1 in Example 2.

[0153] Furthermore, the same effect as in Example 6 can be obtained in a liquid crystal display device in which the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A are arranged in directions 90° different from the first polarization axis 510A and the second polarization axis 520A of Example 6, respectively.

[0154] While embodiments and variations thereof have been described above, this disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and variations thereof, and can be implemented in various forms and variations thereof without departing from its essence. Furthermore, the multiple components disclosed in the embodiments and variations thereof can be modified as appropriate. For example, some components from all the components shown in one embodiment or variation may be added to the components of another embodiment or variation, or some components from all the components shown in one embodiment or variation may be removed from the embodiment or variation.

[0155] Furthermore, the drawings schematically show each component in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, and the thickness, length, number, spacing, etc. of each component shown may differ from the actual dimensions due to the convenience of drawing creation. Also, the configuration of each component shown in the above embodiments is merely an example and is not particularly limiting, and it goes without saying that various modifications are possible within the scope that does not substantially deviate from the effects of this disclosure. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0156] 1, 1R: Liquid crystal display device 1P: Pixels 10: Screen 10CH1, 10CH2: Through-hole 10P: Picture element 10PB:Blue picture element 10PG: Green picture element 10PR: Red pigment 11D: Horizontal 12D: Vertical 20BM: Second substrate side light shielding film 100: First board 100E1: First electrode 100E2: Second electrode 100E2A, 100EAR: Longitudinal direction 100E2X, 100EXR: Opening 100ER: Electrode 100F: Insulating layer 100M, 100MR: Light shielding film 100S: Semiconductor layer 100T: Nonlinear element 110: First support board 120: Gate wiring layer 120L, 120LR: Gate wire 130: First insulating layer 150: Source wiring layer 150D: Drain electrode 150L, ​​150LR: Source wire 160: Second insulating layer 170: Color filter layer 170B, 170BR: Blue color filter 170G, 170GR: Green color filter 170R, 170RR: Red color filter 180: Flattening film 200:Second board 210:Second support board 300: Liquid crystal layer 300L, 300LR, 301L, 302L: Liquid crystal molecules 300LAR, 301LA, 301LAR, 302LA, 302LAR: Orientation direction 410: First orientation film 420:Second alignment film 510: First polarizing plate 510A, 510AR: First polarization axis 520:Second polarizing plate 520A, 520AR: Second polarization axis 600: Spacer 600R: Photospacer

Claims

1. It has multiple picture elements arranged in a matrix containing multiple rows and multiple columns, The device comprises, in order from the back side toward the observation surface side, a first polarizing plate having a first polarization axis, a first substrate having a plurality of nonlinear elements arranged corresponding to each pixel, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules, a second substrate, and a second polarizing plate having a second polarization axis. The first substrate further comprises, in order toward the liquid crystal layer side, a first electrode, an insulating layer, and a second electrode having one longitudinal opening for each of the plurality of pixels that extends along the row or column direction of the pixels. In a plan view, the second polarization axis is arranged parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the aperture and at an angle of 80° or more and 89° or less with respect to the first polarization axis, in a liquid crystal display device.

2. The liquid crystal molecule has positive dielectric anisotropy, In a plan view, In the state where no voltage is applied, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side is such that they are arranged at an angle of 1° or more and 10° or less to one side, either clockwise or counterclockwise, with respect to the longitudinal direction of the opening. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate side in the state where no voltage is applied is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the opening.

3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein, in a plan view, the first polarization axis is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state where no voltage is applied.

4. In a plan view, the first polarization axis is, The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal molecules are arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2° in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions with respect to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage, or in the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage.

5. The liquid crystal molecule has negative dielectric anisotropy, In a plan view, In the state where no voltage is applied, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side is such that they are arranged at an angle of 1° or more and 10° or less to one side, either clockwise or counterclockwise, with respect to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate side in the state where no voltage is applied is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening.

6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein, in a plan view, the first polarization axis is arranged parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state where no voltage is applied.

7. In a plan view, the first polarization axis is, The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein the liquid crystals are arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 2° in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions with respect to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage, or in the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side in the state of no applied voltage.

8. The first substrate further includes gate lines, In a plan view, the gate line is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening, as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The liquid crystal layer further contains a chiral dopant, The aforementioned liquid crystal molecules are twisted in orientation. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the value obtained by dividing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer by the torsional pitch of the liquid crystal molecules is 0.125 or less.

10. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first substrate further comprises a color filter layer and a planarization film disposed on the liquid crystal layer side of the color filter layer.

11. The first substrate further comprises a longitudinally shaped light-shielding film disposed between the plurality of pixels. In a plan view, the longitudinal direction of the light-shielding film is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the opening, as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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