Silicate and borosilicate glass with high refractive index and low density

Abstract

The present invention provides diatomaceous phosphate and borosilicate glass having a high refractive index and low density. [Solution] A glass-forming agent containing silicon dioxide (SiO2) and / or boron oxide (B2O3) with a refractive index n of 1.7 or higher when measured at 587.56 nm. d And, when measured at 25℃, it was 4.5 g / cm³. 3 A glass having the following density is provided. Optionally, the glass may be characterized by low light dispersion, high transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, and / or good glass-forming properties.

Description

Priority

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 076,540, filed September 10, 2020, under Section 119(e) of the U.S. Patent Act, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Technical Field]

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to diatomaceous earth and borosilicate glass having a high refractive index and low density. [Background technology]

[0003] Glass is used in a variety of optical devices, including augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, and eyewear. Desired properties for this type of glass often include a high refractive index and low density. Further desirable properties may include high transmission in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, and / or low light dispersion. Finding a glass that can be formed from a composition having a desirable combination of these properties and good glass-forming properties can be difficult. For example, generally, as the refractive index of glass increases, the density also tends to increase. To increase the refractive index of glass without increasing its density, species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 are often added. However, these materials often absorb blue and UV light, which undesirably can reduce the transmittance of light in these ranges of the spectrum by the glass. Attempts to increase the refractive index of glass while maintaining low density and without reducing transmittance in the blue and UV ranges of the spectrum often result in reduced glass-forming properties of the material. For example, crystallization and / or liquid-liquid separation may occur while cooling a glass molten material at a cooling rate generally acceptable in the industry. Typically, a decrease in glass-forming ability is observed when the amount of certain types of elements, such as ZrO2, Y2O3, Sc2O3, and BeO, increases.

[0004] Low-density, high-refractive-index glasses often belong to one of two types of chemical systems, based on the glass-forming agent used: (a) silicic acid or borosilicate glass, where SiO2 and / or B2O3 is used as the main glass-forming agent; and (b) phosphoric acid glass, where P2O5 is used as the main glass-forming agent. Glasses that rely on other oxides such as GeO2, TeO2, Bi2O3, and V2O5 as the main glass-forming agent may be difficult to use due to cost, glass-forming properties, optical properties, and / or manufacturing requirements.

[0005] While phosphated glass can be characterized by a high refractive index and low density, its manufacture can be difficult due to the risk of P2O5 volatilization from the molten material and / or incompatibility with platinum. Furthermore, phosphated glass is often heavily colored and may require an additional bleaching step to provide glass with the desired transmittance properties. Additionally, phosphated glass exhibiting a high refractive index tends to have increased light dispersion.

[0006] Diatomaceous crystalline and borosilicate glass are typically easy to manufacture and can exhibit high transmittance without a bleaching step. However, compared to phosphoric acid glass, diatomaceous crystalline and borosilicate glass typically show increased density when the refractive index is increased. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] Considering these factors, there is a demand for diatomaceous phosphate and borosilicate glass that, optionally, is made from a composition that exhibits high transmittance in the visible and near-UV ranges, low light dispersion, and / or good glass-forming properties, in addition to having a high refractive index and low density. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the glass is: 0.3% to 30.0% by weight of SiO2; 0.3% to 30.0% by weight of B2O3; 0.3% to 50.0% by weight of Nb2O5; and ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, PbO, TiO2, Gd2O 3、 The material is selected from GeO2, K2O, La2O3, and Na2O and contains at least one oxide that meets the following conditions: 2.5 wt% to 15.0 wt% ZrO2, 0.5 wt% to 25.0 wt% CaO, 0.0 wt% to 20.0 wt% Gd2O3, 0.0 wt% to 10.0 wt% Y2O3, 0.0 wt% to 7.05 wt% TiO2, 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% ZnO, 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% Li2O, 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% GeO2, and 0.0 wt% to 1.0 wt% Ta2O5. The above glass is further defined by the weight percentages of oxides: a total of 18.0% to 50.0% by weight of (Nb2O5 + TiO2); a total of 1.0% to 30.0% by weight of (SiO2 + B2O3); a total of 0.0% to 40.0% by weight of (La2O3 + Gd2O3); a total of 0.2% or more by weight of (CaO + SrO + BaO); a total of 0.0% to 1.0% by weight of (PbO + V2O5); a ratio of 0.50 or more of CaO / (Li2O + Na2O + K2O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO); a ratio greater than 0.0 and less than or equal to 0.50 of (SiO2 / (SiO2 + B2O3)); and a ratio of 0.45 or more of (CaO + SrO + BaO) / (Nb2O5 + TiO2). The above glass is further defined by being substantially fluorine-free.

[0009] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, the glass contains: 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol% SiO2; 18.0 mol% to 33.0 mol% B2O3; 1.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% Nb2O5; WO3, ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, CdO, Bi2O3, PbO, HfO2, TeO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Gd2O 3、The glass contains at least one oxide selected from GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Na2O, MoO3, FeO, Fe2O3, and Yb2O3, with TiO2 content ranging from 0.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, ZnO content ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, a total (SiO2 + B2O3) content ranging from 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, a total (Y2O3 + GeO2 + Ta2O5 + Al2O3 + MoO3 + PbO + TeO2 + FeO + Fe2O3) content ranging from 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, a total (RO + Alk2O) content ranging from 0.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, and a total (Bi2O3 + PbO) content ranging from 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, and the glass is substantially fluorine-free. Furthermore, the above glass is given by formula (XVI):

[0010]

number

[0011] The condition is satisfied, and here P n This is a refractive index parameter with values ​​between 1.7 and 1.95, and is given by equation (XIV):

[0012]

number

[0013] It is calculated according to, where P d Equation (XV):

[0014]

number

[0015] The density parameter calculated according to the above glass transmittance index T i 0.485~0.600, where T i Equation (XII):

[0016]

number

[0017] The calculations are performed according to the formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII), where each oxide listed in these formulas refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0018] According to a further embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass contains: 3.0 mol% or more of SiO2; 1.0 mol% or more of B2O3; 0.5 mol% to 25.0 mol% of Nb2O5; a total content of 3.0 mol% or more of divalent metal oxide RO; and WO3, ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, CdO, Bi2O3, PbO, HfO2, TeO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Gd2O 3、 Selected from GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Na2O, and Yb2O3, the concentrations of CaO are 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, Li2O is 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, MgO is 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, Y2O3 is 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol%, Ta2O5 is 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, BaO is 0.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, CdO is 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, Bi2O3 is 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, PbO is 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, HfO2 is 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, TeO2 is 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, and TiO2 is 0.0 mol%. The glass contains at least one oxide, with the following conditions: 18.0 mol% of alkali metal oxides, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol% of ZnO, 0.0 atom% to 1.0 atom% of fluorine, 0.0 mol% to 23.0 mol% of rare earth metal oxides RE2O3, a total of 25.0 mol% or more of (RE2O3 + TiO2 + Nb2O5 + ZrO2 + Bi2O3 + WO3), a total of more than 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, and a total of 4.0 mol% to 69.0 mol% of (SiO2 + B2O3 + Alk2O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO), where Alk2O is the total alkali metal oxide content. The above glass is based on formula (XVII):

[0019]

Number

[0020] satisfies, where P n is a refractive index parameter having a value of 1.75 to 1.95, and Equation (XIV):

[0021]

Number

[0022] is calculated according to, where T i is Equation (XII):

[0023]

Number

[0024] is the transmittance index of the glass calculated according to, and the above glass has a density parameter P d less than 4.5, and the above density parameter P d is Equation (XV):

[0025]

Number

[0026] is calculated according to, and each oxide listed in Equation (XIV), Equation (XV), and Equation (XII) refers to the amount of oxide expressed in mol% in the above glass.

[0027] The above and other aspects, objects, and features of the present disclosure will be understood by those skilled in the art upon studying the following specification, claims, and drawings. <00??439>

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] [Figure 1]Plots showing the relationship between the measured refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm) and the Abbe number νd for some prior art glass and exemplary glass according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] Plots showing the relationship between the Abbe number νd and the partial dispersion ratio Pg-F for some prior art glasses and some exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] Plots showing the relationship between the measured refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm) and the internal transmittance τint at a wavelength of 400 nm for some prior art glass and some exemplary glass according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] This plot schematically shows the dependence of the transmittance of a glass sample on incident wavelengths in the blue and near-UV ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. [Figure 5] Plots showing the relationship between the measured refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm) and the refractive index parameter Pn for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] Plots showing the relationship between measured density and density parameter Pd for several comparative examples of glass and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] Plots of exemplary cooling schedules according to “15-minute test” and “2.5-minute test” conditions for several exemplary glasses according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] Plots showing the relationship between the density parameter Pd and the refractive index parameter Pn for some comparative example glasses and some exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] Plots showing the relationship between the measured refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm) and the measured density for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10]Relationship between the refractive index parameter Pn and the transmittance index Ti characterizing the blue light transmittance of glass, relating to some comparative example glasses and some exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] Relationship between the measured refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm) and the transmittance index Ti characterizing the blue transmittance of the glass, relating to some comparative example glasses and some exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] Transmittance spectra of several comparative example glasses and exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] Plots showing the relationship between the Abbe number νd and the partial dispersion ratio Pg-F for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure characterized by low density. [Figure 14] Plots showing the relationship between the Abbe number νd and the partial dispersion ratio Pg-F for several comparative example glasses, as well as for several exemplary glasses according to one embodiment of the present disclosure characterized by a high measurement refractive index and a low measurement density. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0029] The following "Modes for Carrying Out the Invention" provide a complete understanding of the various principles of this disclosure by describing exemplary embodiments that disclose specific details for illustrative purposes, not limitation. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art who have benefited from this disclosure that the disclosure can also be practiced in other embodiments that deviate from the specific details disclosed herein. Furthermore, descriptions of known devices, methods, and materials may be omitted so as not to obscure the explanation of the various principles of this disclosure. Finally, where applicable, similar reference numerals refer to similar elements.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, none of the methods described herein are intended to be construed as requiring their steps to be performed in a particular order. Therefore, if a method claim does not actually specify the order in which its steps should be followed, or if the claims or this description does not specifically state that the steps should be limited to a particular order, no order is intended to be inferred in any respect. This applies to any implicit grounds for interpretation, including but not limited to: logical issues relating to the arrangement or flow of the steps; obvious meanings derived from grammatical structure or punctuation; and the number or type of embodiments described herein.

[0031] As used herein, the term "and / or" means, when used in an enumeration of two or more items, that any one of the enumerated items may be taken alone, or any combination of two or more of the enumerated items may be taken. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition may contain: A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B together; A and C together; B and C together; or A, B, and C together.

[0032] Those skilled in the art and those who create or use the Disclosure will be able to imagine modified forms of the Disclosure. Therefore, it will be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the Disclosure as defined by the following claims, which are to be interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.

[0033] Where used herein, the term “about” means that quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are approximate and / or large or small, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art, as necessary, but not necessarily exact. Generally, quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, or other quantities or characteristics are “about” or “approximate,” whether explicitly stated as such. Where the term “about” is used to describe a value or an endpoint of a range, it should be understood that this disclosure includes the specific value or endpoint mentioned. Whether or not a numerical value or range endpoint in this specification is described as “about,” it is intended to include two embodiments: embodiments modified with “about” and embodiments not modified with “about.” Furthermore, it will be understood that each range endpoint is important both in relation to other endpoints and independently of other endpoints.

[0034] The term "formed from" can mean one or more of the following: "comprise," "consist essentially of," or "consists of." For example, a component formed from a particular material may contain, essentially consist of, or consist of that material.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all compositions are expressed in mole percent (mol%) of the as-batch state. As those skilled in the art will understand, various molten components (e.g., fluorine, alkali metals, boron, etc.) may undergo varying levels of volatilization during the melting of these components (depending on, for example, vapor pressure, melting time, and / or melting temperature). Accordingly, the term “about” with respect to such components is intended to encompass values ​​of no more than about 0.2 mol% when the final article is measured compared to the as-batch state compositions provided herein. With this in mind, substantial compositional equivalence between the final article and the as-batch state compositions is expected. In some embodiments, where indicated so, the composition may be expressed in weight percent (wt%) of the oxides in the as-batch state.

[0036] When fluorine is added to oxide glass, or when fluorine is present in oxide glass, the molecular representation of the resulting glass composition can be expressed in several different ways. In this disclosure, when fluorine is present, the fluorine content as a single term is expressed in units of atomic percent (atomic%), which is determined based on 100 times the fraction of fluorine relative to the total number of atoms in the glass composition.

[0037] In this disclosure, the following methods of indicating fluorine-containing compositions and concentration ranges are used. The concentration limits for all oxides (e.g., SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, etc.) are given by their respective cations (e.g., silicon [Si 4+ ], boron [B 3+ ], sodium [Na + The following is presented under the assumption that the substances (etc.) are first presented in the form of their corresponding oxides. If fluorine is present, some of the oxygen in the oxide is replaced with equivalent fluorine (i.e., one oxygen atom is replaced by two fluorine atoms) in order to calculate the concentration of the components in the composition. Since the above fluorine is assumed to exist in the form of silicon fluoride (SiF4), the total amount of all oxides and SiF4 is 100 mole percent or 100% by weight in all compositions.

[0038] The terms "free" and "substantially free" are used interchangeably to refer to the amount and / or absence of specific components in a glass composition that are not intentionally added. A glass composition may contain trace amounts of certain components as impurities or blunt materials, in amounts less than 0.10 mol%.

[0039] When used to describe a particular component in a glass composition, the term "tramp" as used herein refers to a component that is not intentionally added to the glass composition but is present in an amount of less than 0.05 mol%. Tramp components may be unintentionally added to a glass composition as an impurity in another component, and / or by migration into the composition during processing of the glass composition.

[0040] In this specification, the term "glass former" refers to a component that exists alone in a glass composition (i.e., without other components except playing cards) and is capable of forming glass when the molten material is cooled at a rate of approximately 200°C / min to approximately 300°C / min or less.

[0041] As used herein, the term “modifier” refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, i.e., M2O or MO (where “M” represents a metal). By adding a modifier to a glass composition, the atomic structure of the molten material and the resulting glass can be altered. In some embodiments, the modifier can alter the coordination number of cations present in the glass-forming agent (e.g., boron in B2O3), thereby enabling the formation of a more polymerized atomic network and consequently providing better glass formation.

[0042] As used herein, the term "RO" refers to the total content of divalent metal oxides, the term "R2O" refers to the total content of monovalent metal oxides, and the term "Alk2O" refers to the total content of alkali metal oxides. The term R2O includes alkali metal oxides (Alk2O) in addition to other monovalent metal oxides such as Ag2O, Tl2O, and Hg2O. As described below, in this disclosure, rare earth metal oxides are not included in the term "RO" because rare earth metals are referred to by their normalized formula (RE2O3) in which the redox state "+3" is present.

[0043] As used herein, the term “rare earth metal” refers to the metals listed in the lanthanide series of the IUPAC periodic table, as well as yttrium and scandium. As used herein, the term “rare earth metal oxide” refers to oxides of rare earth metals in various redox states, such as lanthanum at “+3” in La2O3, cerium at “+4” in CeO2, europium at “+2” in EuO, and so on. In general, the redox state of rare earth metals in oxide glasses can vary, and in particular, the redox state can change during melting based on the batch composition and / or the redox conditions in the furnace in which the glass is melted and / or heat-treated (e.g., annealed). Unless otherwise specified, rare earth metal oxides are referred herein by their normalized formula in which the rare earth metal has a redox state of “+3”. Therefore, when rare earth metals having a redox state other than "+3" are added to a batch of glass compositions, the glass composition is recalculated by adding or removing some oxygen to maintain stoichiometry. For example, when CeO2 (containing cerium in a redox state of "+4") is used as a batch component, the resulting glass composition is recalculated assuming that 2 moles of CeO2 are equivalent to 1 mole of Ce2O3, and the resulting glass composition is presented with respect to Ce2O3. Where used herein, the term "RE" m O nThe term "+3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in all existing redox states, while the term "RE2O3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in the "+3" redox state.

[0044] The measured density values ​​of glass reported in this specification are 0.001 g / cm³. 3 Using a helium pycnometer with an error of g / cm², 3 The unit is measured at room temperature. When used herein, the density measurement value at room temperature (d RT The values ​​(as described) are indicated as being measured at 20°C or 25°C and include multiple measurements obtained at temperatures that may be within the range of 20°C to 25°C. It is understood that room temperature may vary between approximately 20°C and approximately 25°C, but for the purposes of this disclosure, the variation in density within the temperature range of 20°C to 25°C is 0.001 g / cm³. 3 Since this is expected to be smaller than the error, it is not expected to affect the density measurements at room temperature reported herein.

[0045] As used herein, the term "low density" means 4.5 g / cm³ 3 The term "low density parameter" refers to a density of 4.5 g / cm³. 3 The density parameter P is as follows: d It means the value.

[0046] As used herein, “good glass-forming ability” refers to the ability of the molten material to withstand devitrification during cooling. Glass-forming ability can be measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the molten material. The term “critical cooling rate” or “v crIn this specification, "critical cooling rate" is used to refer to the minimum cooling rate at which a molten material of a given composition forms a glass that does not contain crystals visible under an optical microscope at a magnification of 100 to 500 times. The critical cooling rate can be used to measure the glass-forming ability of a composition, i.e., the ability of a molten material of a given glass composition to form glass upon cooling. Generally, the lower the critical cooling rate, the better the glass-forming ability.

[0047] The term "liquidus temperature" is used herein to refer to the lowest temperature at which the glass composition becomes completely liquid without the crystallization of its constituent components. The liquidus temperature values ​​reported herein were obtained by measuring samples using DSC or by holding a sample under hydrostatic pressure wrapped in platinum foil. To measure a sample using DSC, a powdered sample was heated to 1250°C at 10 K / min. The liquidus temperature was obtained at the end of the endothermic event corresponding to the melting of the crystals. For the second technique (holding under hydrostatic pressure), a glass block (approximately 1 cm) was used. 3 The glass block was wrapped in platinum foil to prevent volatilization and placed in a furnace at a given temperature for 17 hours. Next, the glass block was observed under an optical microscope to examine the crystals.

[0048] The refractive index values ​​reported herein were measured at room temperature (approximately 25°C) unless otherwise specified. The refractive index of glass samples was measured using a Metricon Model 2010 prism-coupler refractometer with an error of approximately ±0.0002. Using the Metricon, the refractive index of glass samples was measured at two or more wavelengths: approximately 406 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 828 nm, and 1064 nm. The measured dependence characterizes the dispersion, and by applying this to Cauchy's law or Sellmeyer's equation, the refractive index of the sample at a given wavelength of interest among the above multiple measurement wavelengths could be calculated. (Term: "refractive index n") d In this specification, the term "refractive index n" is used to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, which corresponds to the helium d-line wavelength. CIn this specification, the term "refractive index n" is used to refer to the refractive index at a wavelength of 656.3 nm, calculated as described above. F In this specification, the term "refractive index n" is used to refer to the refractive index at a wavelength of 486.1 nm, calculated as described above. g In this specification, "f" is used to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 435.8 nm.

[0049] As used herein, the term “high refractive index” or “high index” refers to a refractive index value of glass that is at least 1.70 unless otherwise specified. Where specified, “high refractive index” refers to a refractive index value of glass that is at least 1.75, 1.80, or 1.85. The term “high refractive index parameter” refers to a refractive index parameter P that is at least 1.70. n This refers to the value of [the object].

[0050] The terms "dispersion" and "optical dispersion" are used interchangeably to refer to the difference or ratio of refractive indices of multiple glass samples at a given wavelength. One numerical measure of optical dispersion reported herein is the Abbe number, which is given by the formula:ν x =(n x -1) / (n F -n C This can be calculated by ), where in this disclosure, "x" represents one of the commonly used wavelengths (e.g., 587.56 nm [d-line] or 589.3 nm [D-line]), and n x This is the refractive index at this wavelength, n F and n C These are the refractive indices at wavelengths of 486.1 nm (F line) and 656.3 nm (C line), respectively. d and ν D The values ​​differ by very small amounts, usually within ±0.1% to ±0.2%. Where reported herein, the dispersion of glass samples is expressed by the Abbe number (νd This is expressed by equation (I):

[0051]

number

[0052] This characterizes the subject according to the following, where n d This is the refractive index calculated at 587.56 nm (d line), and n F This is the refractive index calculated at 486.1 nm, and n C This is the refractive index calculated at 656.3 nm. A higher Abbe number corresponds to lower optical dispersion.

[0053] The Abbe number values ​​corresponding to "high dispersion" or "low dispersion" can vary depending on the refractive index from which the Abbe number is calculated. In some cases, the Abbe number corresponding to "low dispersion" for high-refractive-index glass may be smaller than the Abbe number corresponding to "low dispersion" for low-refractive-index glass. In other words, as the calculated refractive index increases, the Abbe number corresponding to low dispersion decreases.

[0054] As used herein, partial variance ratio P g-F Equation (II):

[0055]

number

[0056] This can be determined according to n, where n g This is the refractive index calculated at 435.8 nm, and n F This is the refractive index calculated at 486.1 nm. C This is the refractive index calculated at 656.3 nm.

[0057] Where used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "internal transmittance" refers to the transmittance through a glass sample corrected for Fresnel loss. The term "transmittance" refers to the transmittance value without considering Fresnel loss. The transmittance of a glass sample was measured for a 2 mm thick sample using an integrating sphere with a Cary 5000 spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 250 nm to 2500 nm and a resolution of 1 nm. The internal transmittance value for a 10 mm thick sample was calculated at 375 nm to 1175 nm using the measured refractive index and the measured raw transmittance.

[0058] The term "blue light" is used herein to refer to blue and ultraviolet light corresponding to wavelengths of approximately 330 nm to approximately 480 nm. The term "internal transmittance for blue light" refers to the transmittance for blue light corrected for Fresnel loss. The term "transmittance for blue light" refers to the transmittance for blue light that does not take Fresnel loss into account.

[0059] Embodiments of this disclosure generally relate to silicic acid and borosilicate glasses having a high refractive index and low density. In some embodiments, the glasses may also be characterized by low light dispersion and / or high transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. The glasses of this disclosure may contain silica (SiO2) and boron oxide (B2O3) as glass-forming agents, and one or more additional modifiers and / or refractive index enhancers, such as ZrO2, La2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2, and Gd2O3. In some embodiments, the glasses may contain relatively low amounts of TiO2, and relatively high amounts of La2O3, ZrO2, and / or other low-absorbing oxide species. According to some embodiments, the glasses may contain oxides such as SiO2, B2O3, CaO, La2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, and / or Nb2O5 in proportions that provide a batch composition with acceptable glass-forming properties.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass described herein comprises silicon dioxide (SiO2) and / or boron oxide (B2O3) as a glass-forming agent. Increasing the amount of glass-forming oxides such as SiO2 and B2O3 can correspondingly increase the viscosity at a given temperature, thereby protecting the molten material from crystallization during cooling and thus providing a glass with a lower critical cooling rate. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure may contain both SiO2 and B2O3 to provide a glass with a desired critical cooling rate, i.e., a desired degree of glass-forming ability.

[0061] According to one embodiment, SiO2 can be present in the glass in amounts of more than 3.0 mol%, more than 4.0 mol%, more than 5.0 mol%, more than 10.0 mol%, more than 15.0 mol%, more than 20.0 mol%, more than 25.0 mol%, more than 30.0 mol%, more than 35.0 mol%, or more than 40.0 mol%. In some embodiments, SiO2 can be present in the glass in amounts of 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%.For example, SiO2 is found in concentrations of 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 24.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 29.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 35.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 40.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 45.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, and 5.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%. mol%, 10.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 24.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 29.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 35.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 40.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 4.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 24.0 mol%~40.0 mol% , 29.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 35.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 4.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 24.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 29.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%~29.0 mol%, 4.0 mol%~29.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~29.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~29.0 mol%, 15.0 It can exist in amounts of mol% to 29.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 29.0 mol%, 24.0 mol% to 29.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 24.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 24.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 24.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 24.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 24.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 24.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, or 15.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%.

[0062] In some embodiments, SiO2 can be present in the glass in amounts of 0.3% to 30.0% by weight. For example, SiO2 can be present in amounts of 0.3% to 30.0%, 1.0% to 30.0%, 5.0% to 30.0%, 8.0% to 30.0%, 10.0% to 30.0%, 15.0% to 30.0%, 20.0% to 30.0%, 25.0% to 30.0%, 0.3% to 25.0%, 1.0% to 25.0%, 5.0% to 25.0%, 8.0% to 25.0%, 10.0% to 25.0%, 15.0% to 25.0%, and 20.0%. It can exist in amounts of ~25.0% by weight, 0.3% to 20.0% by weight, 1.0% to 20.0% by weight, 5.0% to 20.0% by weight, 8.0% to 20.0% by weight, 10.0% to 20.0% by weight, 15.0% to 20.0% by weight, 0.3% to 15.0% by weight, 1.0% to 15.0% by weight, 5.0% to 15.0% by weight, 8.0% to 15.0% by weight, 10.0% to 15.0% by weight, 0.3% to 10.0% by weight, 1.0% to 10.0% by weight, or 5.0% to 10.0% by weight.

[0063] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, B2O3 can be present in the glass in an amount of 1.0 mol% or more. For example, B2O3 can be present in an amount of 1.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, or 20.0 mol% or more. In some embodiments, B2O3 can be present in the glass in an amount of 1.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%. For example, B2O3 is present in the above glass in the following concentrations: 1.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 19.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, and 5.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%. 0% , 5.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~25 mol%, 5.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~19.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~18.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~9.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~25.0 mol %, 9.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~19.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~18.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~19.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~18.0 mol%, 10. 0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~19.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~18.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 18.It can exist in amounts of 0 mol% to 25 mol%, 18.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 18.0 mol% to 19.0 mol%, 19.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 19.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 19.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 19.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 19.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 19.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, or 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%.

[0064] In some embodiments, B2O3 can be present in the glass in amounts ranging from 0.3% to 30.0% by weight. For example, B2O3 can be present in amounts ranging from 0.3% to 30.0%, 1.0% to 30.0%, 5.0% to 30.0%, 8.0% to 30.0%, 10.0% to 30.0%, 15.0% to 30.0%, 20.0% to 30.0%, 25.0% to 30.0%, 0.3% to 25.0%, 1.0% to 25.0%, 5.0% to 25.0%, 8.0% to 25.0%, 10.0% to 25.0%, 15.0% to 25.0%, and 20.0%. It can exist in amounts of ~25.0% by weight, 0.3% to 20.0% by weight, 1.0% to 20.0% by weight, 5.0% to 20.0% by weight, 8.0% to 20.0% by weight, 10.0% to 20.0% by weight, 15.0% to 20.0% by weight, 0.3% to 15.0% by weight, 1.0% to 15.0% by weight, 5.0% to 15.0% by weight, 8.0% to 15.0% by weight, 10.0% to 15.0% by weight, 0.3% to 10.0% by weight, 1.0% to 10.0% by weight, or 5.0% to 10.0% by weight.

[0065] However, the combination of SiO2 and B2O3 can result in a decrease in refractive index, which can make it more difficult to provide glass with a desired high refractive index. Therefore, in some embodiments, the total amount of SiO2 and B2O3 (SiO2 + B2O3) in the glass may be limited. According to one embodiment, the total amount of SiO2 and B2O3 (SiO2 + B2O3) contained in the glass of this disclosure is greater than 0.0 mol% and up to 50.0 mol%. For example, the total amount of (SiO2 + B2O3) in the above glass is as follows: over 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 35.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 40.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 45.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, over 0.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 25.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 32.0 mol%~44.0 mol%, 35.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 40.0 mol%~46. 0 mol%, over 0.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 35.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, over 0.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% ~35.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 25.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, over 0.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, greater than 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, greater than 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 20. The molality can be 0 mol%, greater than 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, greater than 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, greater than 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, greater than 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%.

[0066] In some embodiments, the ratio of SiO2 to B2O3 (SiO2 / B2O3) in weight percent of oxide is 0.40 to 0.70. For example, the ratio of SiO2 to B2O3 (SiO2 / B2O3) in weight percent of oxide can be 0.40-0.70, 0.40-0.65, 0.40-0.60, 0.40-0.55, 0.40-0.50, 0.45-0.70, 0.45-0.65, 0.45-0.60, 0.45-0.55, 0.45-0.50, 0.50-0.70, 0.50-0.65, 0.50-0.60, 0.50-0.55, 0.55-0.70, 0.55-0.65, 0.55-0.60, or 0.60-0.70.

[0067] In some embodiments, the total amount of SiO2 and B2O3 (SiO2 + B2O3) (in weight percent) is between 1.0 wt% and 30.0 wt%. For example, the total amount of SiO2 + B2O3 (in weight percent) is 1.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 8.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 15.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 20.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 25.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 1.0 wt% to 25.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 25.0 wt%, 8.0 wt% to 25.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 25.0 wt%, and 15.0 wt%. These ranges from % to 25.0% by weight, 20.0% to 25.0% by weight, 1.0% to 20.0% by weight, 5.0% to 20.0% by weight, 8.0% to 20.0% by weight, 10.0% to 20.0% by weight, 15.0% to 20.0% by weight, 1.0% to 15.0% by weight, 5.0% to 15.0% by weight, 8.0% to 15.0% by weight, 10.0% to 15.0% by weight, 1.0% to 10.0% by weight, or 5.0% to 10.0% by weight.

[0068] In some other embodiments, the ratio of (SiO2 / (SiO2+B2O3)) expressed in weight percent is greater than 0.0 and 0.50 or less. For example, the ratio of (SiO2 / (SiO2+B2O3)) expressed in weight percent is greater than 0.0 and 0.50 or less, greater than 0.0 and 0.40 or less, greater than 0.0 and 0.30 or less, greater than 0.0 and 0.20 or less, greater than 0.0 and 0.10 or less, greater than 0.0 and 0.05 or less, 0.05 or more and 0.50 or less, 0.05 or more and 0.40 or less, 0.05 or more and 0.30 or less, 0.05 or more or The values ​​are 0.20 or less, 0.05 or more and 0.10 or less, 0.10 or more and 0.50 or less, 0.10 or more and 0.40 or less, 0.10 or more and 0.30 or less, 0.10 or more and 0.20 or less, 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, 0.20 or more and 0.40 or less, 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less, 0.30 or more and 0.50 or less, or 0.30 or more and 0.40 or less.

[0069] In some embodiments, it has been found that when the concentration of SiO2 is less than 3.0 mol% and the concentration of B2O3 is less than 1.0 mol%, the resulting glass has relatively low glass-forming properties, relatively low moldability, and reduced chemical resistance, making it unsuitable for many industrial applications. Conversely, if the concentrations of SiO2 and B2O3 are too high, it may be difficult to achieve the desired high refractive index. Therefore, in some embodiments, the glass of this disclosure contains SiO2 in an amount of 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol% and B2O3 in an amount of 1.0 mol% or more, such that the sum of SiO2 and B2O3 (SiO2 + B2O3) is 50.0 mol% or less. In some embodiments, the amount of B2O3 is further defined as 18.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%.

[0070] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass may include one or more refractive index enhancers added to increase the refractive index of the glass. Examples of refractive index enhancers that can be used with the glass of the present disclosure include titania (TiO2), niobia (Nb2O5), zirconia (ZrO2), and other rare earth metal oxides.

[0071] Titania (TiO2) is generally expected to increase the refractive index of glass, along with achieving low density and / or acceptable low dispersion. In some cases, titania may produce yellow or brown glass, which can be addressed by dissolution and / or annealing under oxidizing conditions, and / or bleaching by adding one or more oxidizing agents, such as CeO2, As2O5, and Mn2O3, to the glass batch. In some cases, too much titania may be counteracted by refractory species, such as rutile (TiO2), sphene (CaTiSiO5), and titanium niobate (e.g., Ti2Nb). 10 O 29) may cause crystallization, which can raise the liquidus temperature of the glass and thus reduce the glass-forming properties of the molten material. Furthermore, at high concentrations, titania may cause liquid-liquid separation of the molten material, which can lead to a loss of glass transmittance. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, these problems can be addressed by limiting the amount of TiO2 in the glass to 45 mol% or less. In some cases, the glass may not contain TiO2, or may substantially not contain it.

[0072] According to several embodiments, TiO2 is present in the glass in the following concentrations: 0.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 6.0 mol%, 0.03 mol% to 45.0 mol%, 0.03 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 0.03 mol% to 35.0 mol%, and 0.03 mol% to 30. 0.0 mol%, 0.03 mol%~25.0 mol%, 0.03 mol%~22.0 mol%, 0.03 mol%~20.0 mol%, 0.03 mol%~18.0 mol%, 0.03 mol%~13.0 mol%, 0.03 mol%~12.0 mol%, 0.03 mol%~6.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~18.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~13.0 mol %, 6.0 mol%~12.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~18.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~2 0.0 mol%, 13.0 mol%~18.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 18.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 22.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 22.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 22.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 22.TiO2 can be present in amounts of 0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, or 30.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%. In some examples, TiO2 is present in amounts of 18 mol% or less. In some examples, TiO2 is present in amounts of 0.0 wt% to 7.05 wt%. For example, TiO2 can be present in amounts of 0.0 wt% to 7.05 wt%, 2.0 wt% to 7.05 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 7.05 wt%, or 2.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%. In some embodiments, it has been found that TiO2 concentrations greater than 18.0 mol%, and sometimes greater than 22.0 mol%, result in the formation of glass with a transmittance lower than the desired transmittance, and / or a molten material that tends to crystallize and / or undergo phase separation. Therefore, in some embodiments, the amount of TiO2 present in the glass is preferably 22.0 mol% or less, more preferably 18.0 mol% or less.

[0073] In some aspects of this disclosure, Niobia (Nb2O5) can be used, similar to titania, to increase the refractive index of glass while maintaining a low density. However, Niobia may introduce a yellow coloration into the glass that cannot be bleached in the same manner as titania, which may result in a loss of transmittance, particularly in the blue and UV ranges. Like titania, Niobia may cause crystallization and / or phase separation of the molten material. In some cases, Niobia may result in high light dispersion in the glass, which may be significantly higher than that induced by adding titania and any other refractive index enhancer at similar concentrations. Since the effect of Niobia may be influenced by other components of the glass, it can be difficult to determine the exact limit of Niobia. Accordingly, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the amount of Niobia is limited to 20 mol% or less, and in some cases the glass may not contain Niobia, or may substantially not contain it. However, in some examples, the amount of Nb2O5 present may be greater than 20 mol%, for example, based on the content of the glass components and / or when high blue transmittance is not a high priority. In some embodiments, it has been found that if the amount of Nb2O5 is less than 0.5 mol%, it becomes more difficult to achieve glass with the desired high refractive index at an acceptable glass density. In some embodiments, it has been found that if the concentration of Nb2O5 is low, it becomes difficult to achieve glass with the desired high refractive index at a low density. However, if the concentration of Nb2O5 is too high, such as greater than 30.0 mol%, and in some cases greater than 25.0 mol%, the transmittance of the resulting glass may be lower than the desired transmittance, and / or the glass melt may tend to crystallize and / or undergo phase separation. Therefore, according to some embodiments, Nb2O5 can be present in the glass in amounts of only 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%.For example, Nb2O5 is present in the above glass in the following concentrations: 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 16.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 6.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.6 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 20.0 mol%, and 0.5 mol%. ~16.0 mol%, 0.5 mol%~12.0 mol%, 0.5 mol%~10.0 mol%, 0.5 mol%~6.0 mol%, 0.5 mol%~1.0 mol%, 0.5 mol%~0.6 mol%, 0.6 mol%~30.0 mol%, 0.6 mol%~25.0 mol%, 0.6 mol%~20.0 mol%, 0.6 mol%~16.0 mol%, 0.6 mol%~12.0 mol%, 0.6 mol%~10.0 mol%, 0.6 mol%~6.0 mol%, 0.6 mol%~1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~16.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~12.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~6.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~16.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~12.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 10. It can exist in amounts of 0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 16.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 12.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 12.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 12.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 12.0 mol% to 16.0 mol%, 16.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 16.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 16.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, or 25.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%. In some examples, Nb2O5 can exist in amounts of 0.3 wt% to 50.0 wt%.For example, Nb2O5 is found in concentrations of 0.3% to 50.0% by weight, 0.3% to 40.0% by weight, 0.3% to 30.0% by weight, 0.3% to 20.0% by weight, 0.3% to 10.0% by weight, 5.0% to 50.0% by weight, 5.0% to 40.0% by weight, 5.0% to 30.0% by weight, 5.0% to 20.0% by weight, and 5.0% to 10.0% by weight. Nb2O5 can exist in amounts of %, 10.0 wt% to 50.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 20.0 wt%, 20.0 wt% to 50.0 wt%, 20.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 20.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 30.0 wt% to 50.0 wt%, or 30.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%. In some examples, Nb2O5 can exist in amounts greater than 10.2 wt% and less than or equal to 20.0 wt%. In some examples, Nb2O5 can exist in amounts greater than 10.2 wt% and less than or equal to 50.0 wt%.

[0074] In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure may contain Nb2O5 and / or TiO2 in an amount such that the total (Nb2O5 + TiO2) is 8.0% to 50.0% by weight. For example, the Nb2O5 and / or TiO2 in the glass may be in amounts such that the total (Nb2O5 + TiO2) is 8.0% to 50.0%, 10.0% to 50.0%, 15.0% to 50.0%, 18.0% to 50.0%, 22.0% to 50.0%, 30.0% to 50.0%, 40.0% to 50.0%, 8.0% to 40.0%, 10.0% to 40.0%, and 15.0% to 4 The amount can exist as follows: 0.0 wt%, 18.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 22.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 30.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 8.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 15.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 18.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 22.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 8.0 wt% to 22.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 22.0 wt%, or 15.0 wt% to 22.0 wt%. In some examples, the total (Nb2O5 + TiO2) is greater than 22.0 wt% and less than or equal to 50.0 wt%. In some cases, Nb2O5 and TiO2 can be present in the glass such that the ratio of Nb2O5 to TiO2 by weight (Nb2O5 / TiO2) is 1.9 or greater.

[0075] Zirconia (ZrO2) is another example of an oxide that can increase the refractive index while maintaining an acceptable low density of the glass of this disclosure. In some cases, ZrO2 can provide the glass with a higher density at similar refractive index values ​​compared to TiO2 and Nb2O5. ZrO2 can also increase the viscosity of the molten material, which may help protect the molten material from crystallization. In contrast to other refractive index enhancers such as TiO2 and Nb2O5, which can provide a low density to the glass, ZrO2 does not introduce coloration into the glass in the visible and near-UV ranges, which may help maintain the high transmittance of the glass. However, high concentrations of zirconia may cause crystallization of refractory inorganic materials such as zirconia (ZrO2), zircon (ZrSiO4), and calcium zirconate (CaZrO3), which may increase the liquidus temperature. As a result, crystallization may occur at relatively low viscosity, which may reduce the glass-forming properties of the molten material (i.e., the critical cooling rate may increase). To address these challenges, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the concentration of zirconia in the glass is 20.0 mol% or less, and in some examples, the glass contains no zirconia or is substantially free of zirconia. In some cases, such as when the requirements for glass formation are low, the glass may contain a larger amount of zirconia. For example, ZrO2 may be present in the glass in concentrations of 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, and 1.0 mol% to 5. It can only exist in amounts of 0.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, or 15.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%.In some cases, ZrO2 is present in the glass in amounts ranging from 0.0% to 15.0% by weight. For example, ZrO2 can exist in amounts ranging from 0.0% to 15.0%, 2.0% to 15.0%, 2.5% to 15.0%, 5.0% to 15.0%, 8.0% to 15.0%, 10.0% to 15.0%, 0.0% to 10.0%, 2.0% to 10.0%, 2.5% to 10.0%, 5.0% to 10.0%, 8.0% to 10.0%, 0.0% to 8.0%, 2.0% to 8.0%, 2.5% to 8.0%, or 5.0% to 8.0%.

[0076] In some embodiments, rare earth metal oxides may be added to the glass composition to increase the refractive index of the glass of the Disclosure. Examples of rare earth metal oxides that can be added to the glass of the Disclosure include La2O3, Gd2O3, and Yb2O3. 3、Examples include Y2O3 and Sc2O3. The oxides of the last two elements, namely Y2O3 and Sc2O3, can also provide the glass with a relatively low density, lower than titania and niobia at a similar refractive index. However, scandium oxide (Sc2O3) can be expensive and therefore undesirable for mass production. In some cases, Sc2O3 may be acceptable if the cost of the glass batch is a low priority. The cost of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) is lower than that of scandium oxide. However, in some cases, even relatively low concentrations of Y2O3 can reduce the glass-forming properties of the glass (i.e., increase the critical cooling rate). Therefore, according to some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass may not contain Y2O3, or may substantially not contain it. In some embodiments, the glass may contain small amounts of Y2O3, such as 0.0 to 1.5 mol%. For example, the above glass contains Y2O3 in concentrations of 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.25 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.75 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.25 mol%, 0.25 mol% to 1.5 mol%, 0.25 mol% to 1.25 mol%, 0.25 mol% to 1.0 mol%, and 0.25 mol%. It may be included in amounts of 0.75 mol%, 0.25 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 1.25 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 1.0 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 1.25 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 1.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol%, 1.5 mol%. In some embodiments, it has been found that while Y2O3 can promote the formation of glass with a high refractive index-to-density ratio, large amounts of Y2O3 may lead to crystallization of the glass molten material during cooling. However, in some embodiments, acceptable glass formation is achieved at Y2O3 concentrations above 1.5 mol%.Accordingly, according to other embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass may contain Y2O3 in an amount greater than 1.5 mol%, for example, up to 3.0 mol%, or up to 4.0 mol%, or up to 5.0 mol%, or in amounts of 1.5 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass may contain Y2O3 in an amount of 0.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%. For example, the glass may contain Y2O3 in an amount of 0.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, 2.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, or 5.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%.

[0077] Among rare earth metal oxides, excluding Y2O3 and Sc2O3, lanthanum oxide (La2O3) can be a preferred refractive index enhancer in some embodiments. La2O3 can provide the glass of this disclosure with a lower density at a similar refractive index compared to several other rare earth metal oxides. La2O3 can also provide acceptablely good glass formation and is the most cost-effective among the rare earth metal oxides. Therefore, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass composition may contain at least a small amount of La2O3. However, in some cases, if the concentration of La2O3 becomes too high, lanthanum oxide can be replaced by lanthanum silicate (La4Si3O). 12La2O3 may cause precipitation of refractory species such as La2SiO5 (La2SiO5, La2Si2O7), lanthanum borate (LaBO3, LaB3O6), lanthanum niobate (LaNbO4), lanthanum zirconate (La2ZrO5, La2Zr2O7), and lanthanum titanate (La2TiO5, La2Ti2O7), which may raise the liquidus temperature of the glass and reduce the glass-forming properties of the composition. Furthermore, high concentrations of La2O3 may stimulate phase separation in the molten material, resulting in a loss of transmittance in the resulting glass. Similar adverse effects may occur with the addition of other rare earth metal oxides at high concentrations. Optionally, other rare earth metal oxides such as Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 can be added to the glass composition. While rare earth metal oxides such as Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 can help maintain the high refractive index and good transmittance of the glass, they can undesirably increase the density of the glass. To address these issues, some embodiments of this disclosure provide RE in the glass composition. m O n This includes limiting the content of. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, when added to the glass composition of the present invention, rare earth metal oxides RE m O n The total content can be 45 mol% or less. In some embodiments, the glass composition may not contain rare earth metal oxides, or may substantially not contain them. For example, rare earth metal oxides RE m O nJA content is as follows: 0.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~23.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~23.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~40 It can be 0.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, or 20.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%. In some embodiments, RE m O n It was found that when the total content exceeds 23.0 mol%, it can result in a molten glass that tends to crystallize during cooling, and / or the density of the glass can rise above the desired level.

[0078] In some embodiments, the glass of the Disclosure may optionally contain further and / or other refractive index enhancers, such as tungsten oxide (WO3), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), thorium oxide (ThO2), and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), which may be used in small amounts if present. In some embodiments, the glass of the Disclosure may not contain or substantially contain tungsten oxide (WO3), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), thorium oxide (ThO2), or bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). In some embodiments, the glass may optionally contain further and / or other refractive index enhancers selected from vanadium (V2O5), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), germania (GeO2), tellurium oxide (TeO2), fluorides (e.g., ZrF4, LaF3, etc.), and thallium oxide (Tl2O). Refractive index enhancers such as V2O5, MoO3, GeO2, TeO2, fluorides, and Tl2O may be used in some cases, although they may be less desirable in some situations due to their low transmittance, cost, and / or environmental concerns.

[0079] Ta2O5 can increase the density of the glass and, in some examples, can cause crystallization of the glass molten material during cooling. Furthermore, the cost of Ta2O5 can be exorbitant. Therefore, in some embodiments, it may be preferable to limit the amount of Ta2O5 in the glass to 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol%. For example, Ta2O5 may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.25 mol%, or 0.0 mol% to 0.1 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass may contain no Ta2O5 or substantially no Ta2O5. In some embodiments, the glass may contain 0.0 wt% to 1.0 wt% Ta2O5.

[0080] In some embodiments, Bi2O3 may be present in the glass in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%. For example, Bi2O3 may be present in the glass in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, or 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass does not contain Bi2O3 or is substantially free of it. If the amount of Bi2O3 is high, the density of the glass described above will be 4.5 g / cm³. 3 The amount of Bi2O3 in the glass is preferably 20.0 mol% or less, as this may result in excessively high costs and / or exorbitant expenses.

[0081] In some embodiments, HfO2 may be present in the glass in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%. For example, HfO2 may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%. The cost of HfO2 can be exorbitant, and HfO2 may cause crystallization of the glass molten material at high temperatures. Therefore, the glass preferably contains less than 5.0 mol%, and in some examples less than 1.0 mol% of HfO2. In some embodiments, the glass may not contain HfO2, or may substantially not contain it.

[0082] In some embodiments, TeO2 may be present in the glass in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%. For example, TeO2 may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%. The cost of TeO2 can be exorbitant, and undesirably, TeO2 may increase the density of the glass. Therefore, the glass preferably contains less than 5.0 mol% of TeO2, and in some examples less than 1.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass may not contain TeO2, or may substantially not contain it.

[0083] In some embodiments, GeO2 may be present in the glass in an amount of 0.0% to 2.0% by weight. For example, GeO2 may be present in an amount of 0.0% to 2.0% by weight, 0.1% to 2.0% by weight, 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, 0.5% to 2.0% by weight, 0.5% to 1.5% by weight, or 1.0% to 2.0% by weight.

[0084] According to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass may contain one or more modifiers. As stated above, the term “modifier” refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, i.e., M2O or MO (where “M” represents a metal). Adding modifiers to the glass compositions of the present disclosure can improve the glass-forming properties of the molten material, i.e., reduce the critical cooling rate. Examples of modifiers that can be used in the glass of the present disclosure include alkali and alkaline earth modifiers such as CaO, MgO, BaO, Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, as well as other modifiers such as ZnO and Ag2O. According to one embodiment, the glass composition may contain CaO and / or Li2O, which have been found to provide a desired ratio between refractive index and density of the glass. In some embodiments, other alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g., Na2O, K2O, MgO, SrO, BaO) and other modifiers that do not cause discoloration (e.g., ZnO, Ag2O) may be included in the glass composition. While these other modifiers may not promote the provision of a desired refractive index and / or density like CaO and Li2O, adding them to the glass composition can provide other properties. For example, adding barium oxide (BaO), potassium oxide (K2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), etc., can increase the solubility of refractive index enhancers (TiO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2, etc.) in the glass melt, which can lead to an overall increase in the refractive index of the glass and / or an increase in the refractive index-to-density ratio. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass may contain at least CaO as a modifier, as CaO has been found to provide a good balance of the desired attributes of density, refractive index, and glass-forming properties. Therefore, in many examples of the present disclosure, all or at least some of the one or more modifiers present in the glass composition are in the form of CaO.

[0085] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, one or more modifiers can be individually present in the glass composition in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%. For example, one or more modifiers can be individually present in the glass composition in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%. 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~8.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~7.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~32.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~25.0 mol 0% , 5.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~8.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~7.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~32.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 8.0 mol%~32.0 mol% It can be present in amounts of 8.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, or 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass may not contain or substantially do not contain the modifier.

[0086] In some embodiments, CaO may be present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%. For example, CaO may be present in the glass composition in the following amounts: 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, and 2.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%. , 2.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~8.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~7.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~32.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 5 0.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~8.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~7.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~32.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~31.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~25.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 8.0 mol%~32.0 mol%, 8. It can exist in amounts of 0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, or 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%.In some examples, CaO is present in glass at concentrations of 0.5% to 25.0%, 1.0% to 25.0%, 5.0% to 25.0%, 8.0% to 25.0%, 10.0% to 25.0%, 0.5% to 20.0%, 1.0% to 20.0%, 5.0% to 20.0%, 8.0% to 20.0%, and 10.0%. CaO may be present in amounts of wt% to 20.0 wt%, 0.5 wt% to 15.0 wt%, 1.0 wt% to 15.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 15.0 wt%, 8.0 wt% to 15.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 15.0 wt%, 0.5 wt% to 10.0 wt%, 1.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, or 8.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%. In some examples, CaO may be present in amounts greater than 8.0 wt% and less than or equal to 25.0 wt%. In some embodiments, it has been found that when the concentration of CaO exceeds 32.0 mol%, it may become more difficult to manufacture glass with a relatively high refractive index and / or a glass molten material that tends to crystallize.

[0087] In some embodiments, ZnO may be present in the glass in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%. For example, ZnO may exist in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 6.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 6.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 6.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, or 4.0 mol% to 6.0 mol%. In some examples, ZnO is present in amounts of 2.0 mol% or less (including 0.0 mol%). In some embodiments, it has been found that higher concentrations of ZnO reduce the glass-forming properties of the molten material, and the molten material may tend to crystallize during cooling. Therefore, in some examples, the concentration of ZnO is 10.0 mol% or less, 8.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, and in some cases, 2.0 mol% or less. In some embodiments of this disclosure, it has been found that adding more than 2.0 mol% of ZnO causes the glass molten material to crystallize during cooling, so in some embodiments, ZnO is preferably present in amounts of 2.0 mol% or less. In some examples, ZnO is present in amounts of 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% or less.

[0088] In some embodiments, Li2O may be present in the glass in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%. For example, Li2O may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, or 5.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%. In some examples, Li2O may be present in an amount of 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt%. In some glasses, Li2O may adversely affect the glass-forming properties of the glass composition; therefore, in some embodiments, the glass may not contain Li2O, or may substantially not contain it.

[0089] In some embodiments, BaO may be present in the glass in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%. For example, BaO may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, or 5.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%. In some examples, BaO is present in amounts of 0.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 8.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 1.0 wt%, 1.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, 1.0 wt% to 8.0 wt%, or 1.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%. In some embodiments, it has been found that when the amount of BaO exceeds 15.0 mol%, the density of the glass may rise above the desired limit.

[0090] In some embodiments, MgO may be present in the glass in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%. For example, MgO may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%. In some glasses, MgO may adversely affect the glass-forming properties of the glass composition; therefore, in some embodiments, the glass may not contain MgO, or may substantially not contain it.

[0091] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, one or more modifiers may be present in the glass in such an amount that the ratio of CaO to the total of (Li2O+Na2O+K2O+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO) in weight percent, expressed as CaO / (Li2O+Na2O+K2O+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO), is 0.50 or more.

[0092] In some embodiments, the one or more modifiers may be present in amounts such that the sum of the total content of divalent metal oxide (RO) and alkali metal oxide (Alk2O), represented as (RO+Alk2O), is between 0.0 mol% and 40.0 mol%. For example, the one or more modifiers may be present in amounts such that (RO+Alk2O) is between 0.0 mol% and 40.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% and 36.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% and 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% and 22.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% and 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%, and 0.0 mol%. ~1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~36.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~36. 0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~36.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~ It may be present in amounts of 20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, or 30.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%.

[0093] In some embodiments, the one or more modifiers may be present in amounts such that the sum of the total content of divalent metal oxide (RO) and monovalent metal oxide (R2O), expressed as (RO + R2O), is between 0.0 mol% and 40.0 mol%. If the amount of RO and / or R2O modifier increases, the glass molten material may tend to crystallize, making it difficult to reach the desired refractive index. Furthermore, if the amount of RO and R2O increases, the chemical resistance of the glass may decrease. Examples of monovalent metal oxides R2O include alkali metal oxides. Examples of divalent metal oxides include alkaline earth metal oxides, ZnO, and PbO. For example, the above one or more modifiers have (RO+R2O) concentrations of 0.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, and 0.0 mol% to 1 0.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~36.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol%~5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~36.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol%~10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~36.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~22.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~ It may be present in amounts of 20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, or 30.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%.

[0094] In some embodiments, the total amount of divalent metal oxides (RO) contained in the glass may be 3.0 mol% or more. For example, the total amount of RO contained in the glass (where RO includes alkaline earth metal oxides, ZnO, PbO, etc.) may be 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 25.0 mol% or more, or 30.0 mol% or more. In some embodiments, it has been found that if the amount of RO is too low, it may be difficult to introduce refractive index-increasing species such as TiO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2, etc. into the glass composition, resulting in a glass molten material that tends to crystallize during cooling.

[0095] In some embodiments, TiO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2, Bi2O3, and WO3 may not be present in the glass, or (RE m O n The total amount of (+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) may be 25.0 mol% or more, where RE m O n This is the total amount of rare earth metal oxides in the glass composition described above. In some examples, these species are (RE m O n If the total of (TiO2 + Nb2O5 + ZrO2 + Bi2O3 + WO3) is present in amounts less than 25.0 mol%, it may be difficult to form a glass with the desired high refractive index.

[0096] In some embodiments, SiO2, B2O3, Alk2O, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO may not be present in the glass, or they may be present in amounts such that the total of (SiO2 + B2O3 + Alk2O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO) is 69.0 mol% or less, where Alk2O is the total content of alkali metal oxides in the glass composition. In some examples, the total of (SiO2 + B2O3 + Alk2O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO) may be between 4.0 mol% and 69.0 mol%. In some examples, if these species are present in amounts such that the total of (SiO2 + B2O3 + Alk2O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO) exceeds 69.0 mol%, it may be difficult to form a glass with a desired high refractive index. In the case of BaO, for example, if the concentration is high, it may be difficult to form a glass with the desired high refractive index at a low density. In some embodiments, CaO, SrO, and / or BaO may or may not be present in the glass such that the total of (CaO + SrO + BaO) in weight percent is 0.2% by weight or more.

[0097] In some embodiments, the glass may contain CdO in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%. For example, CdO may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, or 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%. In some examples, the glass may contain no CdO or substantially no CdO.

[0098] In some embodiments, the glass may contain PbO in an amount of 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%. For example, PbO may be present in the glass in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.75 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, or 0.0 mol% to 0.1 mol%. In some examples, the glass may contain no PbO or substantially no PbO. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass may contain PbO in an amount greater than 1.0 mol%, for example, up to 2.0 mol%, or up to 3.0 mol%, or up to 4.0 mol%, or up to 5.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass comprises at least one of La2O3, Yb2O3, Gd2O3, TiO2, and Nb2O5. For example, SiO2, B2O3, La2O3, Yb2O3, Gd2O3, TiO2, and / or Nb2O5 can be present in the glass such that the ratio of (SiO2+B2O3) / (La2O3+Yb2O3+TiO2+Nb2O5) by weight is 0.3 or greater. In another example, SiO2, B2O3, La2O3, Yb2O3, Gd2O3, TiO2, and / or Nb2O5 can be present in the glass such that the ratio of (TiO2+Nb2O5) / (La2O3+Gd2O3+Yb2O3) by weight is less than 1.35.

[0100] In some embodiments, the glass may contain Gd2O3 in an amount of 0.0% to 20.0% by weight. For example, the glass may contain Gd2O3 in amounts of 0.0% to 20.0% by weight, 0.0% to 15.0% by weight, 0.0% to 10.0% by weight, 0.0% to 5.0% by weight, 2.0% to 20.0% by weight, 2.0% to 15.0% by weight, 2.0% to 10.0% by weight, 2.0% to 5.0% by weight, 5.0% to 20.0% by weight, 5.0% to 15.0% by weight, 5.0% to 10.0% by weight, 10.0% to 20.0% by weight, 10.0% to 15.0% by weight, or 15.0% to 20.0% by weight.

[0101] In some embodiments, the glass may contain La2O3 and / or Gd2O3 in such an amount that the total (La2O3 + Gd2O3) in weight percent is between 0.0% and 40.0%. For example, the total amount of (La2O3 + Gd2O3) in the above glass, in weight percent, is as follows: 0.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 35.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 25.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 20.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 15.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 35.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 30.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 25.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 20.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 15.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 40.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% to 35 wt%. .0wt%, 10.0wt%~30.0wt%, 10.0wt%~25.0wt%, 10.0wt%~20.0wt%, 10.0wt%~15.0wt%, 1 5.0wt%~40.0wt%, 15.0wt%~35.0wt%, 15.0wt%~30.0wt%, 15.0wt%~25.0wt%, 15.0wt%~2 It may be 0.0% by weight, 20.0% to 40.0% by weight, 20.0% to 35.0% by weight, 20.0% to 30.0% by weight, 20.0% to 25.0% by weight, 25.0% to 40.0% by weight, 25.0% to 35.0% by weight, 25.0% to 30.0% by weight, or 30.0% to 40.0% by weight.

[0102] According to some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure may contain CaO, SrO, BaO, Nb2O5, and / or TiO2 in amounts such that the ratio (CaO+SrO+BaO) / (Nb2O5+TiO2) is 0.45 or more by weight. For example, the glass of the present disclosure may contain CaO, SrO, BaO, Nb2O5, and / or TiO2 in amounts such that the ratio (CaO+SrO+BaO) / (Nb2O5+TiO2) is 0.45 or more, 0.475 or more, or 0.50 or more by weight.

[0103] For example, certain oxides such as PbO, MoO3, and GeO2 may be undesirable for reasons such as environmental impact, discoloration, and / or cost. For example, certain oxides such as Al2O3, Y2O3, and Ta2O5 may be undesirable in large quantities in the glass because they have the ability to reduce the glass-forming properties of the glass composition. In some embodiments, the total of Y2O3, GeO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3, MoO3, PbO, TeO2, FeO, and Fe2O3 (Y2O3 + GeO2 + Ta2O5 + Al2O3 + MoO3 + PbO + TeO2 + FeO + Fe2O3) is 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass contains or is substantially free of Y2O3, GeO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3, MoO3, PbO, TeO2, FeO, and Fe2O3, such that the total (Y2O3 + GeO2 + Ta2O5 + Al2O3 + MoO3 + PbO + TeO2 + FeO + Fe2O3) is 0.0 mol%.

[0104] In some embodiments, the glass of the Disclosure may be fluorine-free or substantially fluorine-free. In some embodiments, the glass may contain 0.0 atomic% to 1.0 atomic% of fluorine. For example, the glass may contain 0.0 atomic% to 1.0 atomic%, 0.0 atomic% to 0.5 atomic%, 0.0 atomic% to 0.25 atomic%, or 0.0 atomic% to 0.1 atomic% of fluorine.

[0105] In some embodiments, the glass of the Disclosure may not contain, or may substantially not contain, at least one of PbO, GeO2, TeO2, WO3, Y2O3, and Li2O. In other embodiments, the glass may not contain, or may substantially not contain, all of PbO, GeO2, TeO2, WO3, Y2O3, and Li2O.

[0106] In some embodiments, the glass does not contain or substantially contains at least one of antimony, arsenic, fluorine, Bi2O3, and PbO. For example, the glass does not have to contain or substantially contains PbO and Bi2O3. In another example, the glass of the Disclosure does not have to contain or substantially contains arsenic and / or antimony. In yet another example, the glass does not contain or substantially contains antimony, arsenic, fluorine, Bi2O3, and PbO.

[0107] In some embodiments, Bi2O3 and / or PbO may not be present, or they may be present in an amount such that the sum of Bi2O3 and PbO (Bi2O3 + PbO) is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. For example, Bi2O3 and / or PbO may not be present, or they may be present in amounts such that (Bi2O3 + PbO) is 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, or 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%. 3The value may rise above this level. Furthermore, since Bi2O3 and PbO may be undesirable due to cost and / or environmental concerns, the total amount of Bi2O3 and / or PbO is preferably less than 20.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass may not contain one or both of Bi2O3 and PbO, or may substantially not contain them.

[0108] In some embodiments, V2O5 and / or PbO may be absent or present in amounts such that the sum of V2O5 and PbO (V2O5 + PbO) in weight percent is 0.0 wt% to 1.0 mol%. For example, the sum of (V2O5 + PbO) in weight percent can be 0.0 wt% to 1.0 wt%, 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt%, or 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt%. In some embodiments, the glass may not contain one or both of V2O5 and PbO, or may substantially not contain them.

[0109] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass is free of or substantially free of Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, and Cr. Because these elements may contribute to undesirable discoloration of the glass, in some embodiments the glass is free of or substantially free of coloring components such as Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, and Cr.

[0110] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the glass described herein has a refractive index n of 1.70 or greater when measured at 587.56 nm. d In some examples, the above glass has a refractive index n of 1.70 or higher, 1.75 or higher, 1.80 or higher, 1.83 or higher, 1.85 or higher, 1.88 or higher, and 1.90 or higher when measured at 587.56 nm. dIn some examples, the above glass has a refractive index n of 1.70~1.95, 1.70~1.90, 1.70~1.85, 1.70~1.83, 1.70~1.80, 1.70~1.75, 1.75~1.95, 1.75~1.90, 1.75~1.85, 1.75~1.83, 1.75~1.80, 1.80~1.95, 1.80~1.90, 1.80~1.85, 1.80~1.83, 1.85~1.95, or 1.85~1.90 when measured at 587.56 nm. d It holds.

[0111] At a given refractive index, a low density corresponds to a smaller weight for the optical element in which the glass is used. Size and weight can be important in many types of optical devices, particularly portable optical devices such as augmented reality systems. As described above, the glass of this disclosure has a high refractive index along with a low density. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the density of the glass described herein is 4.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 The following applies: In some cases, the density of the glass of this disclosure is 4.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 Below, 4.4g / cm 3 Below, 4.3g / cm 3 Below, 4.2g / cm 3 Below, 4.1g / cm 3 Below, 4.0g / cm 3 The following is acceptable:

[0112] In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure is given by formula (III):

[0113]

number

[0114] Refractive index n according to d and density d RT It can be characterized as follows, where refractive index n d It was measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, and the density was (g / cm³) at 25°C. 3is measured in units of). In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure has a refractive index n according to Equation (IV):

[0115]

Number

[0116] and a density d according to Equation (IV): d and density d RT can be characterized, and the value of the refractive index n d is 1.7 to 1.95 when measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, and the density is measured at 25 °C (in units of g / cm 3 is measured in units of). In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure can satisfy Equation (IV)(a) and / or (IV)(b):

[0117]

Number

[0118] can be satisfied.

[0119] The desired optical dispersion of the glass can vary depending on the specific application. The lower the optical dispersion of the glass, the larger the Abbe number ν d which corresponds to a lower degree of light scattering by the glass. A relatively low optical dispersion is particularly desirable in applications where light of multiple different wavelengths is focused within a single lens. In other applications such as wavelength-dependent light splitting, a higher optical dispersion may be desirable. According to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass described herein is characterized by a low optical dispersion. As described above, the optical dispersion can be numerically represented by the Abbe number ν d According to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass described herein has a low optical dispersion characterized by an Abbe number ν d of 35 or less. For example, the Abbe number ν d of the glass may be 35 or less, or 33 or less. In some embodiments, for glasses with a refractive index higher than 1.8, the optical dispersion is related to the Abbe number ν dAn Abbe number ν of the glass of this disclosure can be considered acceptable if it is approximately 25 or higher. d This can be 25-35, 25-33, 25-31, 25-30, 25-28, 25-27, 27-35, 27-33, 27-31, 27-30, 27-28, 28-35, 28-33, 28-31, 28-30, 30-35, 30-33, 30-31, 31-35, or 31-33.

[0120] Figure 1 shows the Abbe number ν for several comparative example glasses from the catalogs of several optical companies (Schott AG, HOYA Corporation, Ohara Corporation, and Sumida Optical Glass Co., Ltd.), as well as for Example 12 ("Example 12"), which is the example glass according to this disclosure, as described in Table 6 below. d Refractive index n as a function of d A plot of the same ("Abbe diagram") is shown. The glass shown in Figure 1 illustrates the difficulty in forming a glass with a high refractive index, low density, and low optical dispersion (i.e., a high Abbe number). Generally, as the refractive index of a glass increases, the density of the glass typically also increases. At a given refractive index, prior knowledge in the art suggests that the lower the optical dispersion (i.e., the higher the Abbe number), the higher the density of the glass. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure can provide a compromise between high refractive index, low density, and low optical dispersion, which may be useful in certain optical applications.

[0121] In some optical applications, such as optical camera lenses and bifocal eyeglass lenses, it is desirable to correct the distortion of the optical image formed by the optical element (e.g., lens). To address these challenges, some optical systems may include multiple optical elements made of optical materials having multiple different refractive indices and dispersions, such as achromatic systems. In some applications, it is preferable that the optical dispersions of the above multiple materials satisfy certain relationships. One general relationship is called the "normal line," which is four different wavelengths: n d (587.56nm), n F (486.1nm), nC (656.3 nm), and n g (435.8 nm) The relationship between the refractive indices of the sample at is given by the following equation (V):

[0122] [Number]

[0123] characterized as follows, where the numerical values of coefficients A and B in the present disclosure are those provided in "Color correction in optical systems" (page 14) by Dr. Ralf Jedamzik published by Schott Advanced Optics in May 2014, A = 0.6438, and B = -0.001682. P g-F is called the partial relative dispersion. The calculated value of P close to the value described by equation (V) indicates that the material can satisfy the "normal" relationship required in many types of optical systems. Figure 2 shows the Abbe number ν g-F for comparative example glasses from the optical catalogs of Schott AG, HOYA Corporation, Ohara Corporation, and Sumita Optical Glass Co., Ltd., and glasses of some examples according to the present disclosure ("Ex. glass"). d of P as a function g-F is shown in the plot. Figure 2 shows the relationship of the comparative example glasses and the example glasses to the "normal", which is shown as a plot as a line according to the equation: y = 0.6438 - 0.001682 * x. The examples shown in Figure 2 show the problem of forming glasses that are aligned with the normal, i.e., glasses with the smallest deviation or distance from the normal.

[0124] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass described herein has equations (VI) and (VII):

[0125] [Number]

[0126] and

[0127]

number

[0128] Partial variance ratio P that satisfies this condition g-F It can have such a result that the Abbe number is approximately 33 or less.

[0129] In some embodiments, the glass is characterized by high transmittance. Generally, the higher the transmittance of glass, the longer the path that light travels at a given optical loss, which can improve optical performance in many applications. High refractive index glass typically includes species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 that absorb at least a portion of light, particularly light in the blue and near-UV regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In embodiments of this disclosure, the transmittance of glass may be characterized with respect to several different wavelengths in the range of about 300 nm to 2300 nm. In some applications, high transmittance in the visible and near-UV ranges (blue region) is particularly desirable. Achieving high transmittance in the blue region with high refractive index glass can be difficult. High levels of TiO2 and / or Nb2O5, which are typically used in glass to increase the refractive index, tend to reduce transmittance in the near-UV region and shift the UV cutoff to higher wavelengths. In the case of blue light, the internal transmittance (considering Fresnel loss) can be considered acceptable if the internal transmittance of a 10 mm thick sample at a wavelength of 460 nm is 90% or higher, good if it is 95% or higher, and excellent if it is 97% or higher.

[0130] Figure 3 shows the internal transmittance τ of comparative example glasses from the optical catalogs of Schott AG, HOYA Corporation, and Ohara Corporation, as well as the internal transmittance τ of some examples of glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure ("Ex. Glass"). int Refractive index n as a function of dThis is a plot. The data shown in Figure 3 were obtained for comparative and example glass samples with a thickness of 10 mm, measured at a wavelength of 400 nm. As shown in Figure 3, the blue light transmittance of glass generally decreases as the refractive index increases beyond 1.7, 1.8, etc. Although we do not wish to be constrained by any theory, it is thought that species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5, which are often added to form low-density glass, may adversely affect the ability of glass to transmit blue light. Therefore, as stated above, in some embodiments of this disclosure, particularly when it is necessary to increase the blue light transmittance, the amount of TiO2 and / or Nb2O5 in the glass of the present invention may be limited as described herein.

[0131] Figure 4 schematically shows the total transmittance as a function of wavelength for specific transmittance values, namely 5%, 70%, and 80%. The wavelengths corresponding to these specific transmittance values, namely 5%, 70%, and 80%, are λ, respectively. 5% , λ 70% , and λ 80% It is expressed as follows: In the context of this disclosure, λ 5% , λ 70% , and λ 80% A smaller value of this quantity corresponds to an improvement in the blue and UV transmittance of the optical glass.

[0132] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass is of formula (VIII) and / or formula (IX):

[0133]

number

[0134] According to the, wavelength λ in nanometers. 70% It may have a total transmittance of 70% in where n d The refractive index was measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, and the total transmittance was measured for a sample with a thickness of 10 mm.

[0135] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass is given by formula (X):

[0136]

number

[0137] The partial dispersion ratio P of the above glass according to the above g-F Based on, wavelength λ in nanometers 70% It may have a total transmittance of 70% in, where P g-F This is the partial dispersion ratio of the glass as described above with respect to equation (V).

[0138] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass is of formula (XI):

[0139]

number

[0140] According to the, wavelength λ in nanometers. 80% It may have a total transmittance of 80%.

[0141] According to one embodiment, the glass of the present disclosure can have a total transmittance τ of 10% or more when measured at 360 nm through a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm. For example, the glass can have a total transmittance τ of 10% or more, 12% or more, 15% or more, or 18% or more when measured at 360 nm through a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm. In some examples, the glass of the present disclosure can have a total transmittance τ of 10% to 20%, 10% to 18%, 10% to 15%, or 10% to 12% or more when measured at 360 nm through a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm. In some embodiments, the glass can have a total transmittance τ of 25% or more when measured at 370 nm through a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm. For example, the glass can have a total transmittance τ of 25% or more, 28% or more, 30% or more, or 32% or more when measured at 370 nm through a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm. In some examples, the glass of the present disclosure may have a total transmittance τ of 25% to 35%, 25% to 32%, 25% to 30%, or 25% to 28% when measured at 370 nm through a 10 mm thick glass sample. In some embodiments, the glass may have a total transmittance τ of 50% or more when measured at 380 nm through a 10 mm thick glass sample. For example, the glass may have a total transmittance τ of 50% or more, 55% or more, or 58% or more when measured at 380 nm through a 10 mm thick glass sample. For example, the glass of the present disclosure may have a total transmittance τ of 50% to 60%, 50% to 58%, or 50% to 55% when measured at 380 nm through a 10 mm thick glass sample.

[0142] According to some embodiments, the glass of this disclosure has a transmittance index T of 0.485 or higher. i It can have a transmittance index T i Equation (XII):

[0143]

number

[0144] Determined according to formula (XII), each oxide listed in formula (XII) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent. In some examples, the transmittance index T is determined by formula (XII). i If the transmittance index T is less than 0.485, the transmittance of the glass may not be high enough for some applications. In some cases, the transmittance index T by formula (XII) may be used. i This can be 0.485 or higher, 0.500 or higher, 0.550 or higher, or 0.575 or higher. For example, the transmittance index T according to formula (XII) i These ranges are 0.485~0.600, 0.490~0.600, 0.500~0.600, 0.520~0.600, 0.540~0.600, 0.560~0.600, 0.580~0.600, 0.485~0.580, 0.490~0.580, 0.500~0.580, 0.520~0.580, 0.540~0.580, and 0.560~0.5 It may be 80, 0.485~0.560, 0.490~0.560, 0.500~0.560, 0.520~0.560, 0.540~0.560, 0.485~0.540, 0.490~0.540, 0.500~0.540, 0.520~0.540, 0.485~0.520, 0.490~0.520, or 0.500~0.520.

[0145] In some embodiments, the glass is given by formula (XIII):

[0146]

number

[0147] The refractive index n that satisfies (measured at 587.56 nm) d and transmittance index T i This can be considered a characteristic.

[0148] Refractive index and density are two properties that can be predicted from the composition of glass. Linear regression analysis of comparative examples of glass near the composition space of the glass of the embodiments of this disclosure was performed to determine the refractive index n at a wavelength of 587.56 nm. d The composition dependence of the glass, and the density of the glass at 25°C (g / cm³).3 ) determined an equation capable of predicting the compositional dependence. The following equations (XIV) and (XV) were obtained from linear regression analysis and were used to predict the refractive index and density of glass, respectively:

[0149]

Number

[0150]

Number

[0151] Here, P n is the refractive index parameter for predicting the refractive index n<00MM127]|of glass at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, and P d is the density parameter for predicting the density (g / cm 3 ) of glass based on the composition of the glass. Each oxide listed in equations (XIV) and (XV) refers to the amount of oxide expressed in mol% in the above glass.<00M0903>

[0152] Figure 5 is a plot of the measured refractive index n n as a function of the refractive index parameter P d ]| (measured at 587.56 nm) for some comparative example glasses ("Comp. glass") and example glasses ("Ex. glass"). As shown by the data in Figure 5, the compositional dependence of the refractive index parameter P n had an error within the range of ±0.015 units of the measured refractive index n d for most glasses. Figure 6 is a plot of the measured density (g / cm d measured at 25°C) as a function of the density parameter P 3 ) for some comparative example glasses and example glasses. As shown by the data in Figure 6, the compositional dependence of the density parameter P d had an error within the range of ±0.10 g / cm of the measured density for most glasses. 3had an error within the range. Table 1 below specifies the concentration limits from which equations (XIV) and (XV) were derived. The linear regression analysis used to determine equations (XIV) and (XV) randomly selected glasses for use as a training set to develop the regression and also selected glasses for use as a validation set to evaluate the ability to perform interpolation within the limits of the predefined compositions (shown in Table 1 below). Non-significant variables and outliers were excluded. Using an external dataset of conventional glass compositions, the ability to predict specific properties outside the specified composition limits with reasonable accuracy was evaluated. This process was repeated multiple times to determine the best variant of each property of interest corresponding to equations (XIV) and (XV). The data on the glass compositions of the comparative examples used in this linear regression modeling were obtained from the publicly available SciGlass Information System database. The refractive index n at 587.56 nm d For those glasses in the SciGlass Information System database that did not report the refractive index n d measured at 587.56 nm, the modeling system provided an interpolation of the refractive index n d at 587.56 nm based on the value of the refractive index provided for that specific glass.

[0153] [Table 1]

[0154] The concentration limits representing some embodiments of the present disclosure are specified in Tables 2, 3, and 4 below.

[0155] According to one embodiment, the glass of the present disclosure has a refractive index parameter P of 1.7 to 1.95 nThe above glass may have refractive index parameters P such that 1.7~1.95, 1.75~1.95, 1.80~1.95, 1.85~1.95, 1.90~1.95, 1.7~1.90, 1.75~1.90, 1.80~1.90, 1.85~1.90, 1.7~1.85, 1.75~1.85, 1.80~1.85, 1.7~1.80, or 1.75~1.80. n It can have.

[0156] According to another embodiment, the glass of this disclosure has a density parameter P of 4.5 or less. d It can have a density parameter P of 4.5 or less, 4.4 or less, 4.3 or less, 4.2 or less, or 4.1 or less. d It can have.

[0157] According to a further embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass of the present invention is of formula (XVI):

[0158]

number

[0159] Refractive index parameter P that satisfies this condition n and density parameter P d It can have, where the refractive index parameter P n The value of is 1.7 to 1.95. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure is given by formula (XVI)(a):

[0160]

number

[0161] It can also satisfy the following, and some glass is formula (XVI)(b):

[0162]

number

[0163] can also be satisfied.

[0164] In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure has the formula (XVII):

[0165] [Number]

[0166] and satisfies the refractive index parameter P n and the transmittance index T i where the value of P n is 1.75 to 1.95.

[0167] In some embodiments, the glass can be characterized by good glass-forming ability, which can be evaluated as resistance to devitrification during cooling. As described above, the glass-forming ability can be numerically measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the melt, i.e., the minimum cooling rate at which the melt forms a glass without crystallization. According to one embodiment, the glass may be characterized by a critical cooling rate of 300 °C / min or less, and in some examples, 100 °C / min or less. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure can be characterized by being able to cool from 1100 °C to 500 °C in the air without crystallization in 2.5 minutes. The glass characterized by this glass-forming ability can cope with the press molding process.

[0168] Glass A of an example of the present disclosure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown in Table 2 below. Table 2 specifies combinations of components and amounts of each component according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Glass A of the examples in Table 2 may contain additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure described herein."

[0169] [Table 2]

[0170] Examples of Glass B of the Disclosure in several embodiments of the Disclosure are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3 specifies the combination of components and the amount of each component in one embodiment of the Disclosure. The Examples of Glass B in Table 3 may include additional components in any aspect of the Disclosure described herein.

[0171] [Table 3]

[0172] Glass B in the embodiments of this disclosure is given by formula (XVI):

[0173]

number

[0174] This can also be satisfied, and here P n It is 1.7 to 1.95, and P n and P d These are calculated according to equations (XIV) and (XV), respectively. The glass B in the example has a transmittance index T of 0.485 to 0.600. i It may also have, and here T i This is calculated according to equation (XII).

[0175] Examples of glass C of the present disclosure according to several embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4 specifies the combination of components and the amount of each component according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The examples of glass C in Table 4 may include additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure described herein.

[0176] [Table 4]

[0177] The example glass C according to certain embodiments of this disclosure may optionally contain 0.0 atomic% to 1.0 atomic% of fluorine. In some embodiments, the example glass C is of formula (XVII):

[0178]

number

[0179] The condition is satisfied, and here P n It is 1.75 to 1.95, and P n is calculated according to equation (XIV), and T i This is calculated according to equation (XII). The glass C in the example has a density parameter P less than 4.5. d It also has +, where P d It is calculated according to formula (XV).

[0180] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a dose of 4.5 g / cm³ (when measured at 25°C). 3 High refractive index n greater than 1.7, and in some embodiments greater than 1.8, along with a density less than or equal to, and optionally one or more further desired features. d Glass characterized by the above can be provided. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure has equivalent density and refractive index n d Compared to some conventional boric diatomaceous glass having a refractive index n, this invention can provide improved glass-forming properties. Such improved glass-forming properties can simplify manufacturing, reduce costs, and / or improve the quality of the final glass product. In some embodiments, the glass of this disclosure has an equivalent refractive index n d Compared to conventional glass having the same and / or density characteristics, it can provide equivalent or improved light dispersion, blue light transmittance, resistance to devitrification, and / or chemical resistance. [Examples]

[0181] The following examples illustrate the various features and advantages provided by this disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or the appended claims in any way.

[0182] All of the example and comparative example glasses were prepared by melting relatively pure oxide materials. Table 5 below lists typical tramp elements found in some of the oxides used in the preparation of the example and comparative example glasses described herein.

[0183] [Table 5]

[0184] To prepare glass samples for example glasses 1-26, 1-kilogram batches were prepared in a pure platinum crucible. After placing the crucible in a furnace set to 1250°C, the temperature inside the furnace was raised to 1300°C and held at 1300°C for 2 hours. Next, the furnace temperature was lowered to 1250°C, and the glass was equilibrated at this temperature for 1 hour, after which it was poured onto a steel table and T g I annealed it for an hour.

[0185] Furthermore, some of the molten material from the samples was melted in a 1-liter platinum crucible heated by the Joule effect. This process used approximately 3700g of raw materials. The crucible was filled to 1250°C for 1.5 hours. The temperature was then raised to 1300°C and held at 1300°C for 1 hour. During this step, the glass was continuously stirred at 60 rpm. After that, the temperature was reduced to 1200°C to equilibrate the glass for 30 minutes, and the stirring speed was reduced to 20 rpm. The delivery tube was heated to 1225°C, and the glass was cast on a cooled graphite table. The glass was formed into bars approximately 25 mm thick, 50 mm wide, and 90 cm long. The prepared bars were examined under an optical microscope to check for crystallization. All bars were crystal-free. The quality of the glass observed under the optical microscope was good, and the bars were free of striations and bubbles. For rough annealing, leave the glass in an oven for 1 hour. g Next, the bar was placed in a static furnace for 1 hour. g Annealing was performed, and then the temperature was reduced at a rate of 1°C / min.

[0186] To prepare glass samples for example glasses 27-65, approximately 15 grams of each sample (with a target species content of over 99.99% by weight) was melted in a platinum or platinum-rhodium crucible ((Pt:Rh=80:20)) at approximately 1300°C for 1 hour from the batch raw materials. Two controlled cooling conditions were applied. Under the first condition (referred to as the "15-minute test"), it took approximately 15 minutes to cool the sample from 1100°C to 500°C in the furnace. Under the second condition (referred to as the "2.5-minute test"), it took approximately 2.5 minutes to cool the sample from 1100°C to 500°C. Temperature readings were obtained by direct reading of the furnace temperature or using an IR camera with calibration scaling. The first condition (15-minute test) roughly corresponds to a maximum cooling rate of 300°C / min at 1000°C (around this temperature, the cooling rate approaches its maximum), and the second test roughly corresponds to a maximum cooling rate of 600°C / min at 1000°C. As the temperature decreases, the cooling rate also decreases significantly. Typical schedules for the first and second cooling systems are shown in Figure 7. Chemical analysis was not performed on the tested samples. This is because chemical analysis was performed on similar samples prepared as separate melts using XRF (X-ray fluorescence, all oxides except B2O3) and ICP (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, B2O3). These analyses yielded deviations of within ±2.0 mass% from the batch composition for major components such as Nb2O5, which are similarly present in amounts of less than approximately 1 mol%.

[0187] Table 6 below lists the glass compositions and properties of Glass 1 to 65 of the examples according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Table 6 includes observations from three devitrification tests: “Devitrification Test 1,” “Devitrification Test 2,” and “Devitrification Test 3.” “Devitrification Test 1” refers to the results of observations of glass samples molten in a 1-liter crucible under an optical microscope (magnification 100 to 500 times). The abbreviations “A,” “B,” “C,” and “D” are used as follows: No evidence of crystallization (“A”); A very small number of crystals were found under a microscope in only one or two spots in the glass and only on the surface, but more than 98% of the surface was crystal-free (“B”); There were many more crystals on the surface, but more than 90% of the glass surface was crystal-free (“C”); There were some crystals in most of the crucible, and less than 90% of the glass surface was crystal-free (“D”). “Devitrification Test 2” refers to the “15-minute test” cooling procedure described above, and “OK” is used to indicate that the glass composition passed this test. "Devitrification Test 3" refers to the "2.5-minute test" cooling procedure described above, and "OK" in the observation is used to indicate that the glass composition passed this test.

[0188] [Table 6-1]

[0189] [Table 6-2]

[0190] [Table 6-3]

[0191] [Table 6-4]

[0192] [Table 6-5]

[0193] [Table 6-6]

[0194] [Table 6-7]

[0195] [Table 6-8]

[0196] [Table 6-9]

[0197] Table 7 below lists the glass compositions and properties of comparative examples 1 to 53.

[0198] [Table 7-1]

[0199] [Table 7-2]

[0200] [Table 7-3]

[0201] [Table 7-4]

[0202] [Table 7-5]

[0203] [Table 7-6]

[0204] [Table 7-7]

[0205] The reference keys for each of the comparative example glasses listed in Table 7 are as follows: [1] German Patent Application Publication No. 102006024805A1 (SCHOTT AG); [2] German Patent Application Publication No. 4242859A (SCHOTT GLASWERKE); [3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-173334 (Minolta, Inc.); [4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-362939 (Minolta, Inc.); [5] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-153734 (SCHOTT AG); [6] Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-50048 (OBARA OPTICAL) GLASS);[7] JP-A-61-168551 (Nippon Kogaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.);[8] JP-A-61-232243 (Ohara Corporation);[9] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 251395A (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.);

[10] U.S. Patent No. 4732876A (Ohara Corporation);

[11] U.S. Patent No. 5288669A (CORNING INC);

[12] U.S. Patent No. 6121176A (CORNING

[13] U.S. Patent No. 6187702B1 (Ohara Corporation);

[14] U.S. Patent No. 6413894B1 (HOYA Corporation);

[15] U.S. Patent No. 7091145B2 (CARL-ZEISS-STIFTUNG);

[16] U.S. Patent No. 7563738B2 (Ohara Corporation);

[17] U.S. Patent No. 7598193B2 (HOYA Corporation);

[18] U.S. Patent No. 8661853B2 (HOYA Corporation);

[19] U.S. Patent No. 8728963B2 (HOYA Corporation).

[0206] Figure 8 shows some of the example glasses from Table 6 and some of the comparative example glasses from Table 7, with parameter P d and refractive index parameter P n This plot shows the relationship between the density parameter P.d and refractive index parameter P n These were determined according to formulas (XV) and (XIV), respectively, where each oxide listed in the formulas refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent. All the glass compositions of the examples shown in Figure 8 have the following characteristics (a) to (i): (a) (SiO2 + B2O3) ≤ 50.0 mol%, where 3.0 mol% ≤ SiO2 ≤ 50.0 mol%, and 18.0 mol% ≤ B2O3 ≤ 33.0 mol%; (b) 0.0 mol% ≤ R2O + RO ≤ 40.0 mol%, where R2O is the total content of monovalent metal oxides (e.g., alkali metal oxides, etc.) in the glass composition, and RO is the total content of divalent metal oxides (e.g., alkaline earth metal oxides, ZnO, CaO, etc.) in the glass composition; (c) 0.0 mol% ≤ Bi2O3 + PbO ≤ 20.0 mol%; (d) 0.0 mol% ≤ TiO2 ≤ 22.0 mol%; (e) 1.0 mol% ≤ Nb2O5 ≤ 30.0 mol%; (f) 1.0 mol% ≤ ZnO ≤ 10.0 mol%; (g) substantially free of fluorine; (h) Transmittance index T i ≥0.485; and (i) 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol% of (Y2O3 + GeO2 + Ta2O5 + Al2O3 + MoO3 + PbO).

[0207] The comparative example glass listed above is one of the known glasses having the above-described characteristics (a) to (i), with an equivalent density parameter P d And the refractive index parameter P is the highest value. n It has been selected as having [a certain characteristic].

[0208] The lines corresponding to the equations y = 1.12 + 0.18*x and y = 1.135 + 0.18*x shown in Figure 8 provide a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass having the above-described features (a) to (i) and some of the examples of the present disclosure. As can be seen in Figure 8, some of the examples of the present disclosure glass (black circles) are above the line y = 1.120 + 0.18*x, while the comparative example glass (white circles) is not. Here, y is the refractive index parameter P n Corresponding to this, x is the density parameter P d This corresponds to equation (XVI)(a):

[0209]

number

[0210] Some of the glass in the examples shown in Figure 8 satisfy this condition, while the glass in the comparative example does not.

[0211] As can be seen in Figure 8, some of the glasses from the examples shown in Figure 8 are above the line y = 1.135 + 0.18*x, while none of the comparative example glasses are above it. Here, y is the refractive index parameter P. n Corresponding to this, x is the density parameter P d This corresponds to equation (XVI)(b):

[0212]

number

[0213] Some of the glass in the examples shown in Figure 8 satisfy this condition, while the glass in the comparative example does not.

[0214] This means that, under the conditions specified above, some of the glasses of the embodiments of this disclosure have a higher refractive index than the best of the comparative example glasses that satisfy the above conditions (a) to (i) at a comparable density.

[0215] Figure 9 shows some of the example glasses from Table 6 and some of the comparative example glasses from Table 7, with measured density d RT (Measured at 25°C, g / cm³) 3 ) and the measured refractive index n d This plot shows the relationship between (measured at 587.56 nm). Examples 11, 12, 15, 17, and 25, and comparative examples C2, C3, C6, C7, C9, C14, and C23 are plotted in Figure 9. The selected comparative example glasses are distinguished from the comparative example glasses in Table 7 that satisfy the above conditions (a) to (i) and have the highest measured refractive index at the corresponding density.

[0216] The lines corresponding to the equations y = 1.12 + 0.18*x and y = 1.135 + 0.18*x shown in Figure 9 provide a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass and some of the examples of the present disclosure. As can be seen in Figure 9, above the line y = 1.120 + 0.18*x, there are some of the examples of the Figure 9 glass, but not the comparative example glass. Here, y is the measured refractive index n d Corresponding to this, x is the measured density d RT This corresponds to equation (IV)(a):

[0217]

number

[0218] Some of the glass examples in Table 6 satisfy this condition, while the glass examples in Table 7 do not.

[0219] As can also be seen in Figure 9, the glass of the selected embodiment shown in Figure 9 is above the line y = 1.135 + 0.18*x, but the glass of the selected comparative example is not. Here, y is the measured refractive index n d Corresponding to this, x is the measured density d RT This corresponds to equation (IV)(b):

[0220]

number

[0221] Some of the example glasses satisfy this condition, while the comparative example glasses having the above-described features (a) to (i) do not.

[0222] Figure 10 shows some of the example glasses from Table 6 and some of the comparative example glasses from Table 7, with refractive index parameter P n and transmittance index T i This is a plot showing the relationship between [the two points].

[0223] The glass compositions of all embodiments shown in Figure 10 have the following characteristics (a) to (u): (a) (SiO2 + B2O3) ≤ 50.0 mol%, where 3.0 mol% ≤ SiO2 ≤ 50.0 mol%, and B2O3 ≥ 1.0 mol%; (b) (RE2O3 + TiO2 + Nb2O5 + ZrO2 + Bi2O3 + WO3) ≥ 25.0 mol%, where RE2O3 is the total content of rare earth metal oxides in the glass composition; (c)(SiO2+B2O3+Alk2O+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO)≦69.0 mol%, where Alk2O is the total content of alkali metal oxides in the glass composition; (d) RO ≥ 3.0 mol%, where RO is the total content of divalent metal oxides (e.g., alkaline earth metal oxides, ZnO, CaO, etc.) in the glass composition; (e) 0.5 mol% ≤ Nb2O5 ≤ 25.0 mol%; (f) 0.0 mol% ≤ TiO2 ≤ 18.0 mol%; (g) 0.0 mol% ≤ RE2O3 ≤ 23.0 mol%; (h) 0.0 mol% ≤ CaO ≤ 32.0 mol%; (i) 0.0 mol% ≤ BaO ≤ 15.0 mol%; (j) 0.0 mol% ≤ Bi2O3 ≤ 20.0 mol%; (k) 0.0 mol% ≤ Li2O ≤ 7.0 mol%; (l) 0.0 mol% ≤ MgO ≤ 5.0 mol%; (m) 0.0 mol% ≤ HfO2 ≤ 1.0 mol%; (n) 0.0 mol% ≤ TeO2 ≤ 5.0 mol%; (o) 0.0 mol% ≤ ZnO ≤ 2.0 mol%; (p) 0.0 mol% ≤ Y2O3 ≤ 1.5 mol%; (q) 0.0 mol% ≤ CdO ≤ 15.0 mol%; (r) 0.0 mol% ≤ PbO ≤ 1.0 mol%; (s)0.0 atom%≦F≦1.0 atom%; (t) 0.0 mol% ≤ Ta2O5 ≤ 1.5 mol%; and (u) Density parameter P of 4.5 or less d , and refractive index parameter P of 1.75 or higher n .

[0224] The comparative example glass shown in Figure 10 is one of the comparative example glasses in Table 7 that has the above-described characteristics (a) to (u), and corresponds to the transmittance index T i The refractive index parameter P has the highest value at this value. n It was selected as having the necessary properties.

[0225] As mentioned above, the transmittance index T i This correlates with the blue light transmittance of the glass. The line corresponding to the equation y = 2.23 - 0.71*x shown in Figure 10 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass and the example glass according to this disclosure. As can be seen in Figure 10, above y = 2.23 - 0.71*x are some of the example glass shown in Figure 10 and none of the comparative example glass. Here, y is the refractive index parameter P n Corresponding to this, x is the transmittance index T i This corresponds to equation (XVII):

[0226]

number

[0227] Some of the example glasses listed in Table 6 satisfy this condition, while the comparative example glasses having the above-listed features (a) to (u) do not.

[0228] Figure 11 shows some of the example glasses from Table 6 and some of the comparative example glasses from Table 7, with measured refractive index n d (Measured at 587.56 nm) and transmittance index T i This plot shows the relationship between the two. The line corresponding to the equation y = 2.23 - 0.71*x shown in Figure 11 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass and the example glass according to this disclosure. As can be seen in Figure 11, above y = 2.23 - 0.71*x are some of the example glasses from Table 6 shown in Figure 11, but not the comparative example glass (and other comparative example glasses listed in Table 7). Here, y is the measured refractive index n d Corresponding to this, x is the transmittance index T i This corresponds to equation (XIII):

[0229]

number

[0230] Some of the examples in Table 6 satisfy this condition, while the comparative example glass having the above-described features (a) to (u) does not.

[0231] This means that, under the conditions (a) to (u) specified above, some of the glasses of the embodiments of this disclosure have a transmittance index T of an equivalent value. i The refractive index n is higher than that of the best of the comparative example glasses under equivalent conditions. d It means having

[0232] Figure 12 compares the total transmittance τ of the example glass 12 according to this disclosure with several comparative example glasses (C54-C58) from JP 2005-239506 at wavelengths of approximately 320 nm to 500 nm. As shown in Figure 12, the example glass 12 provides some transmittance at wavelengths of approximately 350 nm to 380 nm, while the comparative example glasses shown in Figure 12 provide little, or in some cases no, transmittance at these wavelengths. The total transmittance τ data shown in Figure 12 for both the example glass 12 and the comparative example glasses were obtained from glass samples with a thickness of 10 mm. As can be seen in Figure 12, the example glass 12 provides a total transmittance τ of over 50% at 380 nm, over 25% at 370 nm, and over 10% at 360 nm. The data in Figure 12 also shows that the example glass 12 provides some transmittance even at 350 nm, where the comparative example glasses provide little or no transmittance.

[0233] Figures 13 and 14 show the Abbe number ν for some examples of glass and some comparative examples of glass. d Partial variance ratio P as a function of g-F This is a plot showing the following. Figure 13 shows some comparative example glasses available from the optical catalogs of Schott AG, HOYA Corporation, Ohara Corporation, and Sumida Optical Glass Co., Ltd. Figure 14 shows some comparative example glasses from the prior art documents, namely: U.S. Patent No. 8,647,996; U.S. Patent No. 8,883,664; U.S. Patent No. 8,852,745; U.S. Patent No. 9,416,047; U.S. Patent No. 6,333,288; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016 / 090320; German Patent Application Publication No. 102006024805; Hong Kong Patent Application Publication No. 1029098. The data in Figures 13 and 14 show several attributes that can be advantageous in some optical systems, namely low dispersion (i.e., high Abbe number ν). dThis combination exhibits low density and a specific ratio of refractive indices at multiple different wavelengths (therefore, the glass gains compatibility with low refractive index glass in optical systems that correct image aberrations, such as achromatic systems). In such systems, it is desirable that the glass has an attribute corresponding to (or close to) the aforementioned "normal." In Figures 13 and 14, the normal is shown as a line defined by the equation y = 0.6438 - 0.001682 * x.

[0234] The glass shown in Figures 13 and 14 has a measured density of 4.5 g / cm³. 3 The following examples and comparative examples are limited to the glass used.

[0235] Furthermore, to exclude data related to low refractive indices that are not relevant to applications where a high refractive index and proximity to the normal are desirable, the glass shown in Figure 14 has a measured refractive index n d This was limited to the example and comparative example glasses with a coefficient of 1.80 or higher.

[0236] ν shown in Figures 13 and 14 d The perpendicular at =33.0 is near the normal, P g-F This shows the maximum achievable Abbe number (i.e., lowest variance) while maintaining that the value of deviates from this line by no more than ±0.005 units. As shown in Figure 13, some of the example glasses presented in the embodiments herein have a ν higher than the comparative example glass. d Abbe number ν is close to =33.0 d In the value of ν, d and P g-F Provides a combination of attributes.

[0237] As shown by the data in Figure 14, some of the example glasses have an Abbe number ν that matches the normal compared to the comparative example glass. d The range of possibilities can be expanded. The data in Figures 13 and 14 shows that some of the glasses of the embodiments of this disclosure are ν d It is characterized by being ≤ 33.0, and also by equations (VII) and (VI):

[0238]

number

[0239] and

[0240]

number

[0241] It has been demonstrated that it satisfies the requirements.

[0242] As stated above, the terms “low dispersion” and “high dispersion” may be specific to each case, and in some cases, the same optical glass may be considered “high dispersion” in one application and “low dispersion” in another. In this disclosure, a high refractive index of 1.80 or higher and 4.5 g / cm³ are used. 3 The following low densities and Abbe numbers ν of 30-35 units d Glass possessing these properties can be considered to have "low dispersion" (compared to other glasses with similar properties). However, 4.5 g / cm³ 3 For glass with a low density of less than ν and a position along the normal, the Abbe number ν is 30-35 units. d This is characterized by the highest possible dispersion along the normal vector compared to other glasses.

[0243] As shown in Figures 13 and 14, some of the example glasses exhibit a combination of several desirable attributes in many applications that cannot be achieved with the illustrated comparative example glasses, namely: (a) Relatively low density (d RT ≤4.5g / cm³ 3 ); (b) Relatively high refractive index (n d ≥1.80); (c) A relatively low Abbe number (ν d ≤33.0); (d) Coincidence with the normal (illustrated as the line (y=0.6438-0.001682*x)); and (e) A relatively low partial variance ratio P for a given Abbe number g-F (This is demonstrated by the fact that, in conjunction with the attributes (a) to (d) listed above, the inequality y < 0.6800 - 0.0028*x is satisfied by some of the example glasses, but not by the comparative example glasses.)

[0244] The following non-limiting aspects are included in this disclosure. Additional aspects may be formed by combining any one feature of aspects 1 through 56, in part or in whole, with any one or more features of other aspects of this disclosure, even if such combinations are not expressly described.

[0245] Numerous modifications and alterations may be made to the embodiments described herein without substantially departing from the spirit and various principles of this disclosure. All such modifications and alterations are intended to be incorporated herein within the scope of this disclosure and are protected by the following claims.

[0246] To the extent not yet described, multiple features from various aspects of this disclosure may be used in combination with each other as needed. The absence of a particular feature in relation to each aspect of this disclosure is not intended to be interpreted as meaning that the feature cannot exist, but is done for clarity and conciseness. Thus, multiple features from different aspects may be mixed or adapted as needed to form new aspects, regardless of whether these new aspects are explicitly disclosed.

[0247] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in separate sections.

[0248] Embodiment 1 0.3% to 30.0% by weight of SiO2; 0.3% to 30.0% by weight of B2O3; 0.3% to 50.0% by weight of Nb2O5; and ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, PbO, TiO2, Gd2O 3、 At least one oxide selected from GeO2, K2O, La2O3, and Na2O, 2.5% to 15.0% by weight of ZrO2, 0.5% to 25.0% by weight of CaO, 0.0% to 20.0% by weight of Gd2O3, Y2O3 in amounts of 0.0% to 10.0% by weight. TiO2 in a range of 0.0 wt% to 7.05 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% ZnO, 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% Li2O, 0.0% to 2.0% by weight of GeO2, 0.0% to 1.0% by weight of Ta2O5 At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The above glass is further (in weight percentage of oxides): Total of 18.0% to 50.0% by weight of (Nb2O5 + TiO2); Total (SiO2 + B2O3) between 1.0% by weight and 30.0% by weight; The total amount of (La2O3 + Gd2O3) ranging from 0.0% by weight to 40.0% by weight; The total amount of (CaO + SrO + BaO) of 0.2% by weight or more; The total amount of (PbO + V2O5) ranging from 0.0% to 1.0% by weight; Ratio of 0.50 or greater: CaO / (Li2O+Na2O+K2O+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO); The ratio greater than 0.0 and less than or equal to 0.50 (SiO2 / (SiO2+B2O3)); and Ratios greater than 0.45: (CaO + SrO + BaO) / (Nb2O5 + TiO2) Defined by, The above glass is a glass that is substantially free of fluorine.

[0249] Embodiment 2 The above glass also has a refractive index n of 1.70 to 1.95. d It has, where n d The glass according to Embodiment 1, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

[0250] Embodiment 3 The above glass further measured 4.5 g / cm³ at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT A glass according to embodiment 1 or 2, having the following characteristics.

[0251] Embodiment 4 The glass described above is characterized in that it can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization, as described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 3.

[0252] Embodiment 5 The above glass also has an Abbe number ν of 33 or less. d It has formulas (VI) and (VII):

[0253]

number

[0254] and

[0255]

number

[0256] The condition is satisfied, and here P g-F This is the partial dispersion ratio of the above glass, and is given by equation (II):

[0257]

number

[0258] It is calculated according to, where n g This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, and n F This is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, and nC The glass according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the refractive index is measured at 656.3 nm.

[0259] Embodiment 6 The above glass is further expressed by formula (X):

[0260]

number

[0261] The partial dispersion ratio P of the above glass according to the above g-F Based on, wavelength λ 70% It has a total transmittance of 70% in (nanometers), where P g-F Equation (II):

[0262]

number

[0263] Defined by, where n g This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, and n F This is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, and n C The glass according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the refractive index is measured at 656.3 nm and the total transmittance is measured on a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm.

[0264] Embodiment 7 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol% SiO2; 18.0 mol% to 33.0 mol% of B2O3; 1.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% of Nb2O5; and WO3, ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, CdO, Bi2O3, PbO, HfO2, TeO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Gd2O 3、 At least one oxide selected from GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Na2O, MoO3, FeO, Fe2O3, and Yb2O3, The TiO2 content is between 0.0 mol% and 22.0 mol%, The ZnO content is between 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, The total amount of (SiO2 + B2O3) is between 3.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%, The total amount of (Y2O3+GeO2+Ta2O5+Al2O3+MoO3+PbO+TeO2+FeO+Fe2O3) is between 0.0 mol% and 0.5 mol%, The total content of divalent metal oxide RO and alkali metal oxide Alk2O (RO + Alk2O) is between 0.0 mol% and 40.0 mol%, The total amount of (Bi2O3 + PbO) is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The above glass is substantially free of fluorine. The above glass is given by formula (XVI):

[0265]

number

[0266] The condition is satisfied, and here P n This is a refractive index parameter with values ​​between 1.7 and 1.95, and is given by equation (XIV):

[0267]

number

[0268] It is calculated according to, where P d Equation (XV):

[0269]

number

[0270] The density parameter calculated according to the above glass transmittance index T i 0.485~0.600, where T iEquation (XII):

[0271]

number

[0272] A glass calculated according to formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII), where each oxide listed in formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0273] Embodiment 8 The above glass is: Refractive index n between 1.7 and 1.95 d And here n d This is the refractive index measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n d and Density d measured at 25℃ RT (g / cm 3 ) It has, The above glass is given by formula (IV):

[0274]

number

[0275] The glass according to Embodiment 7, which satisfies the requirements.

[0276] Embodiment 9 The glass described above is characterized in that it can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization, as described in Embodiment 7 or 8.

[0277] Embodiment 10 The above glass further measured 4.3 g / cm³ at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT , and refractive index n of 1.85~1.95 d It has, where n d The glass according to any one of embodiments 7 to 9, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

[0278] Embodiment 11 The above glass also has an Abbe number ν of 35 or less. d A glass according to any one of embodiments 7 to 10, having the following characteristics.

[0279] Embodiment 12 The above glass also has an Abbe number ν of 33 or less. d It has formulas (VI) and (VII):

[0280]

number

[0281] and

[0282]

number

[0283] The condition is satisfied, and here P g-F This is the partial dispersion ratio of the above glass, and is given by equation (II):

[0284]

number

[0285] It is calculated according to, where n g This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, and n F This is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, and n c The glass according to any one of embodiments 7 to 11, wherein the refractive index is measured at 656.3 nm.

[0286] Embodiment 13 The above glass is further expressed by formula (III):

[0287]

number

[0288] density d according to RT and refractive index n d It has, and here d RT This is the density (g / cm³) measured at 25℃. 3 ) and n d The glass according to any one of embodiments 7 to 12, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

[0289] Embodiment 14 The above glass is further expressed by formula (VIII):

[0290]

number

[0291] According to the wavelength λ 70% It has a total transmittance of 70% in (nanometers), where n d The glass according to any one of embodiments 7 to 13, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, and the total transmittance is measured on a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm.

[0292] Embodiment 15 The above glass is further: When measured at a wavelength of 380 nm, τ ≥ 50%; When measured at a wavelength of 370 nm, τ ≥ 25%; and When measured at a wavelength of 360 nm, τ ≥ 10% The glass according to any one of embodiments 7 to 14, having a total transmittance τ measured for at least one of the glass samples with a thickness of 10 mm.

[0293] Embodiment 16 SiO2 of 3.0 mol% or more; 1.0 mol% or more of B2O3; 0.5 mol% to 25.0 mol% Nb2O5; Total content of divalent metal oxides RO of 3.0 mol% or more; and At least one oxide selected from WO3, ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, CdO, Bi2O3, PbO, HfO2, TeO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Gd2O3, GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Na2O, and Yb2O3, The amount of CaO ranges from 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%. Li2O is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, The MgO content is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%. The amount of Y2O3 is between 0.0 mol% and 1.5 mol%, The amount of Ta2O5 is 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, The BaO content is between 0.0 mol% and 12.0 mol%, The CdO content is between 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, The Bi2O3 content is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. The PbO content is 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, The HfO2 content is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%. TeO2 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, The TiO2 content is between 0.0 mol% and 18.0 mol%, The ZnO content is 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, Fluorine content is between 0.0 atomic% and 1.0 atomic%, The total content of rare earth metal oxides RE2O3 ranges from 0.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%. The total of (RE2O3+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) is 25.0 mol% or more. The total amount of (SiO2 + B2O3) is greater than 0.0 mol% and up to 50.0 mol%, The total content of (SiO2 + B2O3 + Alk2O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO) is between 4.0 mol% and 69.0 mol%, where Alk2O is the total content of alkali metal oxides. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The above glass is given by formula (XVII):

[0294]

number

[0295] The condition is satisfied, and here P n This is a refractive index parameter with values ​​between 1.75 and 1.95, and is given by equation (XIV):

[0296]

number

[0297] It is calculated according to, where T i Equation (XII):

[0298]

number

[0299] The transmittance index of the glass is calculated according to the above glass, and the density parameter P is less than 4.5. d It has the above density parameter P d Equation (XV):

[0300]

number

[0301] A glass calculated according to formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII), where each oxide listed in formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0302] Embodiment 17 The above glass also has a refractive index n of 1.75 to 1.95. d It has, where n d The glass according to Embodiment 16, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

[0303] Embodiment 18 The above glass further has refractive index n dIt has the above refractive index n d and transmittance index T i Equation (XIII):

[0304]

number

[0305] Satisfying the condition, where n d The glass according to Embodiment 16 or 17, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

[0306] Embodiment 19 The glass described above is characterized in that it can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization, as described in any one of embodiments 16 to 18.

[0307] Embodiment 20 The above glass also has an Abbe number ν of 33 or less. d It has formulas (VI) and (VII):

[0308]

number

[0309] and

[0310]

number

[0311] The condition is satisfied, and here P g-F This is the partial dispersion ratio of the above glass, and is given by equation (II):

[0312]

number

[0313] It is calculated according to, where n g This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, and n FThis is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, and n C The glass according to any one of embodiments 16 to 19, wherein the refractive index is measured at 656.3 nm.

[0314] Embodiment 21 0.3% to 30.0% by weight of SiO2; 0.3% to 30.0% by weight of B2O3; 0.3% to 50.0% by weight of Nb2O5; and ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, PbO, TiO2, Gd2O 3、 At least one oxide selected from GeO2, K2O, La2O3, and Na2O, 2.5% to 15.0% by weight of ZrO2, 0.5% to 25.0% by weight of CaO, 0.0% to 20.0% by weight of Gd2O3, Y2O3 in amounts of 0.0% to 10.0% by weight. TiO2 in a range of 0.0 wt% to 7.05 wt%, 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% ZnO, 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% Li2O, 0.0% to 2.0% by weight of GeO2, 0.0% to 1.0% by weight of Ta2O5 At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The glass further comprises (by weight percentage of oxide): Total of 18.0% to 50.0% by weight of (Nb2O5 + TiO2); Total (SiO2 + B2O3) between 1.0% by weight and 30.0% by weight; The total amount of (La2O3 + Gd2O3) ranging from 0.0% by weight to 40.0% by weight; The total amount of (CaO + SrO + BaO) of 0.2% by weight or more; The total amount of (PbO + V2O5) ranging from 0.0% to 1.0% by weight; Ratio of 0.50 or greater: CaO / (Li2O+Na2O+K2O+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO); The ratio greater than 0.0 and less than or equal to 0.50 (SiO2 / (SiO2+B2O3)); and Ratios greater than 0.45: (CaO + SrO + BaO) / (Nb2O5 + TiO2) Defined by, The glass is substantially free of fluorine.

[0315] Embodiment 22 The glass according to Embodiment 21, characterized in that the glass can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization.

[0316] Embodiment 23 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol% SiO2; 18.0 mol% to 33.0 mol% of B2O3; 1.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% of Nb2O5; and WO3, ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, CdO, Bi2O3, PbO, HfO2, TeO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Gd2O 3、 At least one oxide selected from GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Na2O, MoO3, FeO, Fe2O3, and Yb2O3, The TiO2 content is between 0.0 mol% and 22.0 mol%, The ZnO content is between 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, The total amount of (SiO2 + B2O3) is between 3.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%, The total amount of (Y2O3+GeO2+Ta2O5+Al2O3+MoO3+PbO+TeO2+FeO+Fe2O3) is between 0.0 mol% and 0.5 mol%, The total content of divalent metal oxide RO and alkali metal oxide Alk2O (RO + Alk2O) is between 0.0 mol% and 40.0 mol%, The total amount of (Bi2O3 + PbO) is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The glass described above is substantially free of fluorine. The glass is given by formula (XVI):

[0317]

number

[0318] The condition is satisfied, and here P n This is a refractive index parameter with values ​​between 1.7 and 1.95, and is given by equation (XIV):

[0319]

number

[0320] It is calculated according to, where P d Equation (XV):

[0321]

number

[0322] The density parameter calculated according to the transmittance index T of the glass. i 0.485~0.600, where T i Equation (XII):

[0323]

number

[0324] A glass calculated according to formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII), where each oxide listed in formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0325] Embodiment 24 The aforementioned glass is: Refractive index n between 1.7 and 1.95 dAnd here n d This is the refractive index measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n d and Density d measured at 25℃ RT (g / cm 3 ) It has, The aforementioned glass is given by formula (IV):

[0326]

number

[0327] The glass according to embodiment 23, which satisfies the requirements.

[0328] Embodiment 25 The glass according to Embodiment 23 or Embodiment 24, characterized in that the glass can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization.

[0329] Embodiment 26 The aforementioned glass further has an Abbe number ν of 33 or less. d It has formulas (VI) and (VII):

[0330]

number

[0331] and

[0332]

number

[0333] The condition is satisfied, and here P g-F is the partial dispersion ratio of the glass, and formula (II):

[0334]

number

[0335] It is calculated according to, where n g This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, and n F This is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, and n c The glass according to any one of embodiments 23 to 25, wherein the refractive index is measured at 656.3 nm.

[0336] Embodiment 27 The aforementioned glass is further given by formula (III):

[0337]

number

[0338] density d according to RT and refractive index n d It has, and here d RT This is the density (g / cm³) measured at 25℃. 3 ) and n d The glass according to any one of Embodiments 23 to 26, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

[0339] Embodiment 28 SiO2 of 3.0 mol% or more; 1.0 mol% or more of B2O3; 0.5 mol% to 25.0 mol% Nb2O5; Total content of divalent metal oxides RO of 3.0 mol% or more; and At least one oxide selected from WO3, ZrO2, SrO, CaO, Li2O, MgO, ZnO, Y2O3, Ta2O5, BaO, CdO, Bi2O3, PbO, HfO2, TeO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Gd2O3, GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Na2O, and Yb2O3, The amount of CaO ranges from 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%. Li2O is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, The MgO content is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%. The amount of Y2O3 is between 0.0 mol% and 1.5 mol%, The amount of Ta2O5 is 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, The BaO content is between 0.0 mol% and 12.0 mol%, The CdO content is between 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, The Bi2O3 content is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. The PbO content is 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, The HfO2 content is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%. TeO2 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, The TiO2 content is between 0.0 mol% and 18.0 mol%, The ZnO content is 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, Fluorine content is between 0.0 atomic% and 1.0 atomic%, The total content of rare earth metal oxides RE2O3 ranges from 0.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%. The total of (RE2O3+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) is 25.0 mol% or more. The total amount of (SiO2 + B2O3) is greater than 0.0 mol% and up to 50.0 mol%, The total content of (SiO2 + B2O3 + Alk2O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO) is between 4.0 mol% and 69.0 mol%, where Alk2O is the total content of alkali metal oxides. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The aforementioned glass is given by formula (XVII):

[0340]

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[0341] The condition is satisfied, and here P n This is a refractive index parameter with values ​​between 1.75 and 1.95, and is given by equation (XIV):

[0342]

number

[0343] It is calculated according to, where T i Equation (XII):

[0344]

number

[0345] The transmittance index of glass calculated according to the density parameter P of glass less than 4.5. d It has the density parameter P d Equation (XV):

[0346]

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[0347] A glass calculated according to formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII), where each oxide listed in formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0348] Embodiment 29 The glass further has refractive index n d It has the refractive index n d and transmittance index T i Equation (XIII):

[0349]

number

[0350] Satisfying the condition, where n d The glass according to Embodiment 28, wherein the refractive index is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

[0351] Embodiment 30 The aforementioned glass further has an Abbe number ν of 33 or less. d It has formulas (VI) and (VII):

[0352]

number

[0353] and

[0354]

number

[0355] The condition is satisfied, and here P g-F is the partial dispersion ratio of the glass, and formula (II):

[0356]

number

[0357] It is calculated according to, where n g This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, and n F This is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, and n C The glass according to Embodiment 28 or Embodiment 29, wherein the refractive index is measured at 656.3 nm.

Claims

1. 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol% SiO ２ ; 18.0 mol% to 33.0 mol% of B ２ O ３ ; 1.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% Nb ２ O ５ ;and WO ３ , ZrO ２ , SrO, CaO, Li ２ O, MgO, ZnO, Y ２ O ３ , Ta ２ O ５ , BaO, CdO, Bi ２ O ３ , PbO, HfO ２ , TeO ２ , TiO ２ , Al ２ O ３ , Gd ２ O ３、 GeO ２ , K ２ O, La ２ O ３ , Na ２ O, MoO ３ , FeO, Fe ２ O ３ , and Yb ２ O ３ selected from at least one oxide, and if selected, all of the selected oxides are TiO ２ The range is 0.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, The ZnO content is between 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, (SiO ２ +B ２ O ３ The total of ) is between 3.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%, (Y ２ O ３ +GeO ２ +Ta ２ O ５ +Al ２ O ３ +MoO ３ +PbO+TeO ２ +FeO+Fe ２ O ３ The total of ) is between 0.0 mol% and 0.5 mol%, Total content of divalent metal oxides RO and alkali metal oxides Alk ２ Total content of O (RO + Alk ２ O) is between 0.0 mol% and 40.0 mol%, (Bi ２ O ３ The total amount of (+PbO) is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The glass described above is substantially free of fluorine. The glass is given by formula (XVI): [Math 1] The condition is satisfied, and here P ｎ This is a refractive index parameter having a value between 1.7 and 1.95, and is given by equation (XIV): [Math 2] It is calculated according to, where P ｄ Equation (XV): [Math 3] The density parameter calculated according to the transmittance index T of the glass. ｉ 0.485 to 0.600, where T ｉ Equation (XII): [Math 4] A glass calculated according to formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII), where each oxide listed in formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

2. The aforementioned glass is: Refractive index n between 1.7 and 1.95 ｄ And here n ｄ This is the refractive index measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n ｄ ; and Density d measured at 25°C ＲＴ (g / cm ３ ) It has, The glass is given by formula (IV): [Math 5] The glass according to claim 1, satisfying the requirements.

3. The glass according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the glass can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization.

4. The aforementioned glass further has an Abbe number ν of 33 or less. ｄ It has formulas (VI) and (VII): [Math 6] and [Number 7] The condition is satisfied, and here P ｇ－Ｆ is the partial dispersion ratio of the glass, and formula (II): [Number 8] It is calculated according to, where n ｇ This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, n Ｆ This is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, n ｃ The glass according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein is the refractive index measured at 656.3 nm.

5. The aforementioned glass is further given formula (III): [Number 9] density d according to ＲＴ and refractive index n ｄ It has, and here d ＲＴ This is the density (g / cm³) measured at 25°C. ３ ) and n ｄ The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein is the refractive index measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

6. 3.0 mol% or more of SiO ２ ; 1.0 mol% or more of B ２ O ３ ; 0.5 mol% to 25.0 mol% Nb ２ O ５ ; Total content of divalent metal oxide RO of 3.0 mol% or more; and WO ３ , ZrO ２ , SrO, CaO, Li ２ O, MgO, ZnO, Y ２ O ３ , Ta ２ O ５ , BaO, CdO, Bi ２ O ３ , PbO, HfO ２ , TeO ２ , TiO ２ , Al ２ O ３ , Gd ２ O ３ , GeO ２ , K ２ O, La ２ O ３ , Na ２ O, and Yb ２ O[[ID=*]] ３ at least one oxide selected from, and if selected, all of the selected oxides are The CaO content ranges from 0.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, Li ２ O is between 0.0 mol% and 7.0 mol%, The MgO content is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%. Y ２ O ３ It is between 0.0 mol% and 1.5 mol%, Ta ２ O ５ It is between 0.0 mol% and 0.5 mol%, The BaO content is between 0.0 mol% and 12.0 mol%, The CdO content is between 0.0 mol% and 10.0 mol%, Bi ２ O ３ The amount is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%, The PbO content is between 0.0 mol% and 1.0 mol%, HfO ２ The amount is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%, TeO ２ The amount is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%, TiO ２ The range is 0.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, The ZnO content is between 0.0 mol% and 2.0 mol%, The fluorine content is between 0.0 atomic% and 1.0 atomic%. Rare earth metal oxides RE ２ O ３ The total content is between 0.0 mol% and 23.0 mol%, (RE ２ O ３ +TiO ２ +Nb ２ O ５ +ZrO ２ +Bi ２ O ３ +WO ３ The total of ) is 25.0 mol% or more. (SiO ２ +B ２ O ３ The total of ) is greater than 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, (SiO ２ +B ２ O ３ +Alk ２ The total of (O + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO) is between 4.0 mol% and 69.0 mol%, where Alk ２ O represents the total content of alkali metal oxides. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The aforementioned glass is given by formula (XVII): [Number 10] The condition is satisfied, and here P ｎ This is a refractive index parameter having a value between 1.75 and 1.95, and is given by equation (XIV): [Math 11] It is calculated according to, where T ｉ Equation (XII): [Math 12] The transmittance index of glass is calculated according to the following, and the glass has a density parameter P of less than 4.

5. ｄ It has the density parameter P ｄ Equation (XV): [Number 13] A glass calculated according to formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII), where each oxide listed in formulas (XIV), (XV), and (XII) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

7. The glass further has refractive index n ｄ It has the refractive index n ｄ and transmittance index T ｉ Equation (XIII): [Number 14] Satisfying the condition, where n ｄ The glass according to claim 6, wherein is the refractive index measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm.

8. The aforementioned glass further has an Abbe number ν of 33 or less. ｄ It has formulas (VI) and (VII): [Number 15] and [Number 16] The condition is satisfied, and here P ｇ－Ｆ is the partial dispersion ratio of the glass, and formula (II): [Number 17] It is calculated according to, where n ｇ This is the refractive index measured at 435.8 nm, n Ｆ This is the refractive index measured at 486.1 nm, n Ｃ The glass according to claim 6 or 7, wherein is the refractive index measured at 656.3 nm.

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