Decorative laminate, transfer sheet, decorative member, and movable body

Abstract

The present invention provides decorative laminates and decorative members that have a three-dimensional appearance and express a matte texture. [Solution] The decorative laminate 10 has a front surface 11 and a back surface 12, and comprises a shaping layer 20 and a diffusion layer 90. The shaping layer 20 has a shaping surface 20a on which an uneven structure 25 is formed. The decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13. In the unit optical element 13, the shaping surface 20a includes a plurality of tilted surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B that connect adjacent tilted surfaces 26A. The angle of the tilted surfaces 26A with respect to the normal direction is greater than the angle of the connecting surfaces 26B that connect to the tilted surfaces 26A with respect to the normal direction. The diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light. The ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, is between 2 and 30.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to decorative laminates, transfer sheets, decorative members, and movable bodies. [Background technology]

[0002] Decorative laminates for decorating automotive interior and exterior products (instrument panels, etc.), home appliances, houses, etc. are known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses a decorative laminate having an uneven surface pattern. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-179517 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] Incidentally, such decorative laminates are required to allow for a variety of design expressions. In particular, decorative laminates are often required to express designs with a sense of three-dimensionality. On the other hand, decorative laminates are sometimes required to express a matte texture with suppressed gloss. Decorative laminates that have both a sense of three-dimensionality and a matte texture can enable rich design expressions accompanied by a sense of luxury.

[0005] This disclosure has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a decorative laminate and decorative member that have a three-dimensional feel and express a matte texture. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the following [1] to

[14] .

[0007] [1] A decorative laminate having a front surface and a back surface facing the front surface, and comprising a shaping layer and a diffusion layer located closer to the front surface than the shaping layer and facing the shaping layer, The shaping layer has a shaping surface on which an uneven structure is formed, The decorative laminate has at least one unit optical element that reflects, refracts, and / or diffracts incident light according to the uneven structure, In the unit optical element, the shaping surface includes a plurality of tilted surfaces that are aligned toward a reference line extending along the normal direction of the decorative laminate and tilted toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces that connect adjacent tilted surfaces. The angle of the tilted surface with respect to the normal direction is greater than the angle of the connecting surface connected to the tilted surface with respect to the normal direction. The aforementioned diffusion layer diffuses the incident light, A decorative laminate in which the ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front surface of the decorative laminate to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front surface of the decorative laminate, is 2 or more and 30 or less.

[0008] [2] The aforementioned plurality of tilted surfaces are lens surfaces, The decorative laminate according to [1], wherein the plurality of connecting surfaces are rise surfaces.

[0009] [3] The decorative laminate according to [1] or [2], wherein the specular gloss G(60) at an incident angle of 60° on the front surface of the decorative laminate is 70 or less.

[0010] [4] The total light reflectance (R) measured from the aforementioned front surface in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 SCI A decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein ) is 10% or more.

[0011] [5] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the diffusion layer contains a binder resin and a light diffusing material dispersed in the binder resin.

[0012] [6] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the diffusion layer has a concavo-convex surface for diffusing incident light.

[0013] [7] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [6], further comprising a brightness adjustment layer covering the shaped surface of the shaping layer.

[0014] [8] The decorative laminate according to [7], wherein the brightness adjustment layer is a vapor deposition film.

[0015] [9] The shaped surface of the shaping layer faces the back side, The decorative laminate according to [7] or [8], further comprising a second brightness adjustment layer located closer to the back side than the brightness adjustment layer and contacting the brightness adjustment layer.

[0016]

[10] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the plurality of connection surfaces form an angle with respect to the normal direction of the decorative laminate.

[0017]

[11] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to

[10] , further comprising a base material located closer to the front side than the diffusion layer and facing the diffusion layer.

[0018]

[12] A transfer sheet comprising the decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to

[10] , and a transfer base material facing the front side of the decorative laminate.

[0019]

[13] A forming part, A decorative member comprising a decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to

[11] that covers at least a portion of the molded portion.

[0020]

[14] A mobile body comprising a decorative laminate as described in any one of items [1] to

[11] . [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, it is possible to provide a decorative laminate and decorative member that have a three-dimensional feel and express a matte texture. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0022] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment, and is a perspective view showing a movable body including a decorative member. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II in Figure 1, showing the decorative member from Figure 1 together with the sensor. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a partially enlarged plan view showing a decorated laminate according to one embodiment. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV in Figure 3. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a magnified plan view showing the reflective layer of the decorative laminate. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the function of the decorative laminate. [Figure 7A] Figure 7A shows a decorative laminate of a comparative example. [Figure 7B] Figure 7B shows a decorative laminate of a comparative example. [Figure 7C] Figure 7C shows a decorative laminate of a comparative example. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the method for measuring total light reflectance. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a transfer sheet according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to one embodiment. [Figure 11] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to one embodiment. [Figure 14A] Figure 14A illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a master mold for producing a shaping mold according to one embodiment. [Figure 14B] Figure 14B illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a master mold for producing a shaping mold according to one embodiment. [Figure 14C] Figure 14C illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a master mold for producing a shaping mold according to one embodiment. [Figure 15] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a mold according to one embodiment. [Figure 16] Figure 16 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a mold according to one embodiment. [Figure 17] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a shaping mold according to one embodiment and a shaped layer shaped by the shaping mold. [Figure 18] Figure 18 shows the decorated laminate in Modification Example 1. [Figure 19] Figure 19 shows the transfer sheet in Modification Example 1. [Figure 20] Figure 20 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 2. [Figure 21] Figure 21 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 2. [Figure 22] Figure 22 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 3. [Figure 23] Figure 23 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 3. [Figure 24] Figure 24 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 3. [Figure 25]Figure 25 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 3. [Figure 26] Figure 26 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 4. [Figure 27] Figure 27 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 4. [Figure 28] Figure 28 shows the decorated laminate in modified example 5. [Figure 29] Figure 29 shows a plan view of the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 30] Figure 30 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 29, and shows the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 31] Figure 31 corresponds to Figure 29 and shows the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 32] Figure 32 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 29, and shows the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 33] Figure 33 corresponds to Figure 29 and shows the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 34] Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view along the line XXXIV-XXXIV in Figure 33. [Figure 35] Figure 35 shows an example of a cone. [Figure 36] Figure 36 shows another example of a cone. [Figure 37] Figure 37 is a cross-sectional view along the line XXXVII-XXXVII in Figure 33. [Figure 38] Figure 38 shows an example of a cone. [Figure 39] Figure 39 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 29, and shows the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 40] Figure 40 shows an example of a frustum. [Figure 41] Figure 41 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 34, and shows the decorated laminate in modified example 6. [Figure 42] Figure 42 shows an example of a cone with a portion cut off. [Figure 43]Figure 43 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 34, and shows the decorated laminate in modified example 6. [Figure 44] Figure 44 is a cross-sectional view along the line XLIV-XLIV in Figure 39. [Figure 45] Figure 45 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 29, and shows the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 46] Figure 46 corresponds to Figure 29 and shows the shaping layer in modified example 6. [Figure 47] Figure 47 is a cross-sectional view along the line XLVII-XLVII in Figure 46. [Figure 48] Figure 48 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 7. [Figure 49] Figure 49 shows the transfer sheet in modified example 8. [Figure 50] Figure 50 is a perspective view showing the decorative member in modified example 9. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0023] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings attached to this specification, the scale and aspect ratios of the dimensions have been appropriately changed and exaggerated from those of the actual objects for the sake of illustration and ease of understanding.

[0024] To clarify directional relationships between drawings, some drawings indicate common directions with arrows bearing common symbols. Arrows pointing towards the back of the drawing along the direction perpendicular to the drawing's plane are indicated by a symbol of an X inside a circle, as shown in Figure 2, for example. Furthermore, arrows pointing towards the front of the drawing along the direction perpendicular to the drawing's plane are indicated by a symbol of a dot inside a circle, as shown in Figure 3, for example. The number of tilted surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B described later in the drawings may be changed as appropriate from drawing to drawing for the sake of simplifying the drawings.

[0025] In this specification, terms such as "parallel," "perpendicular," and "identical," as well as values ​​for length and angle, which specify shapes, geometric conditions, and their degrees, should not be interpreted strictly, but rather as encompassing a range that allows for the expectation of similar functionality.

[0026] In this specification, terms such as "film," "sheet," and "plate" are not distinguished from each other solely on the basis of differences in name. For example, a "transfer sheet" cannot be distinguished from a component called a transfer film solely on the basis of differences in name.

[0027] In this specification, if multiple upper limit candidates and multiple lower limit candidates are given for a certain parameter, the numerical range of that parameter may be constructed by combining any one upper limit candidate and any one lower limit candidate. As an example, consider the statement, "Parameter B may be A1 or greater, A2 or greater, A3 or greater. Parameter B may be A4 or less, A5 or less, A6 or less." In this example, the numerical range of parameter B may be A1 or greater and A4 or less, A1 or greater and A5 or less, A1 or greater and A6 or less, A2 or greater and A4 or less, A2 or greater and A5 or less, A2 or greater and A6 or less, A3 or greater and A4 or less, A3 or greater and A5 or less, and A3 or greater and A6 or less.

[0028] In this specification, "suppression" means to restrain or prevent the realization or occurrence of something. "Suppression" means not only to completely prevent the realization or occurrence of something, but also to reduce the possibility of it happening or to make it less likely to happen.

[0029] Figures 1 to 17 illustrate one embodiment. Of these, Figures 1 and 2 show examples of applications of a decorative member 3 equipped with a decorative laminate 10. The decorative laminate 10 is formed in a sheet shape and is also called a decorative sheet. The decorative laminate 10 displays a design and imparts a decorative appearance to the article to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied (decorative member 3 in the example shown in Figure 1).

[0030] In the example shown in Figure 1, the decorative member 3 is used on the mobile body 1. In the illustrated example, the decorative member 3 is installed on the front panel 2 of the mobile body 1. As will be described later, the decorative member 3 comprises a decorative laminate 10. Therefore, the mobile body 1 equipped with the decorative member 3 also comprises the decorative laminate 10. The front panel 2 is formed as a front grille in an engine-powered vehicle. On the other hand, in an electric vehicle, heat exchangers that should be air-cooled, such as radiators, may not be installed. Therefore, the front panel 2 does not have to be formed as a grille with many holes.

[0031] The following describes one embodiment with reference to the specific application examples shown in the drawings. The mobile body 1 shown in Figure 1 is an automobile. However, the mobile body 1 to which the decorative member 3 is applied is not limited to automobiles. The decorative member 3 can also be applied to other mobile bodies 1 as movable devices. Examples of mobile bodies 1 other than automobiles include railway cars, trolleys, ships, airplanes, helicopters, drones, and robots. The decorative member 3 and decorative laminate 10 may also be used in the interior of the mobile body. The decorative member 3 and decorative laminate 10 can also be applied to building materials such as interior materials, exterior materials, ceiling materials, and floor materials, as well as to cases for home appliances, casings for communication equipment, cosmetic containers, etc. More specifically, the decorative member 3 and decorative laminate 10 can also be applied to smartphone casings and smartphone covers.

[0032] <<Decorative material>> First, the overall structure of the decorative member 3 will be described with reference to Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the decorative member 3 has a front surface 3a and a back surface 3b opposite to the front surface 3a. The front surface 3a and the back surface 3b extend along the front surface 66 and the back surface 67 of the molded part 65, which will be described later. In the illustrated example, the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b extend planarly in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy which is perpendicular to the X direction Dx, respectively. The front surface 3a and the back surface 3b face each other in the Z direction Dz which is perpendicular to both the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy. The Z direction Dz coincides with the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. However, the example is not limited to this example, and the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b may be curved.

[0033] In the example shown in Figure 2, the decorative member 3 comprises a molded portion 65 and a decorative laminate 10 that covers at least a part of the molded portion 65. In the example shown in Figure 2, the molded portion 65 and the decorative laminate 10 are laminated in this order from the back surface 3b to the front surface 3a (Z direction Dz) of the decorative member 3. In the example shown in Figure 2, the decorative member 3 is positioned facing the sensor 5. In the example shown in Figure 2, the molded portion 65 faces the sensor 5, and the decorative laminate 10 faces the observer 6.

[0034] The decorative laminate 10 has a front surface 11 and a back surface 12. In the example shown in Figure 2, the front surface 11 forms the front surface 3a of the decorative member 3. The back surface 12 faces the back surface 3b side (molded portion 65 side) of the decorative member 3. The front surface 11 and the back surface 12 extend along the front surface 66 of the molded portion 65, which will be described later. In the illustrated example, the front surface 11 and the back surface 12 extend planarly in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy, respectively. The front surface 11 and the back surface 12 face each other in the Z direction Dz. However, the example is not limited to this example, and the front surface 11 and the back surface 12 may be curved.

[0035] The molded portion 65 has a front surface 66 and a back surface 67. The back surface 67 forms the back surface 3b of the decorative member 3. The front surface 66 faces the front surface 3a side (decorative laminate 10 side) of the decorative member 3. In the illustrated example, the front surface 66 and the back surface 67 extend planarly in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy, respectively. The front surface 66 and the back surface 67 face each other in the Z direction Dz. However, the example is not limited to this example, and the front surface 66 and the back surface 67 may be curved.

[0036] The molded portion 65 may be formed from various materials such as resin materials or glass. The resin material forming the molded portion 65 is not particularly limited. Examples of resin materials forming the molded portion 65 include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile ethylene-propylene-diene styrene (AES), and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA).

[0037] The molded portion 65 may be colored. In this case, the decorative member 3 can be given a desired color. The molded portion 65 may be transparent or opaque. If the molded portion 65 is opaque, it can conceal at least a portion of the article to which the decorative member 3 is applied. For example, in the example shown in Figure 2, the opacity of the molded portion 65 allows the decorative member 3 to conceal the sensor 5. In this case, a colored molded portion 65 can be made from the same material as the colored layer 36 described later.

[0038] In this specification, "transparent" means that the total light transmittance, as measured using a haze meter (HM-150N, manufactured by Murakami Color Technology Laboratory Co., Ltd., compliant with JIS K7361:1997), is 50% or higher. Materials and components referred to as transparent in this specification preferably have a total light transmittance of 80% or higher, as measured by the method described above.

[0039] Incidentally, as shown in Figure 2, the decorative member 3 may be positioned facing a sensor 5 that uses electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than visible light. For example, the sensor 5 may monitor the surrounding conditions of the moving body 1. The detection results of the sensor 5 may be transmitted to the control device 4 of the moving body 1. Based on the detection results of the sensor 5, the control device 4 may issue an alarm or control the movement of the moving body 1. For example, the sensor 5 may detect obstacles in front of the moving body 1. This sensor 5 may be capable of both transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. By receiving reflected waves reflected by obstacles, the sensor 5 can detect the presence or absence of obstacles and the distance to them. The sensor 5 may be a millimeter-wave radar device. The millimeter-wave radar device may use millimeter waves with wavelengths of 1 mm to 10 mm as electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, the sensor 5 may be a LiDAR device. The LiDAR device may use infrared rays as electromagnetic waves.

[0040] The sensor 5 faces the back surface 3b of the decorative member 3. The electromagnetic waves used by the sensor 5 pass through the decorative member 3 along the Z direction Dz. In the example shown in Figure 2, the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b are the emission and incidence surfaces of the electromagnetic waves. It is preferable that the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b are flat surfaces in at least the region facing the sensor 5 in the Z direction Dz. By making the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b flat surfaces, the decrease in sensitivity of the sensor 5 due to the diffusion of electromagnetic waves can be suppressed.

[0041] <<Decorated Laminate>> Next, the decorative laminate 10 will be described in more detail. Figure 3 is a plan view of the decorative laminate 10. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 4, the decorative laminate 10 comprises a shaping layer 20 and a diffusion layer 90. In Figure 3, the diffusion layer 90 is not shown. The diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27, which will be described later. The diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the shaping layer 20 and faces the shaping layer 20. The shaping layer 20 has a shaping surface 20a on which an uneven structure 25 is formed. The shaping layer 20 has a non-shaping surface 20b located on the opposite side from the shaping surface 20a. In the example shown in Figure 4, the non-shaping surface 20b is a flat surface perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In the example shown in Figure 4, the shaping surface 20a faces the back surface 12. The unshaped surface 20b faces the front surface 11. The decorative laminate 10 includes a brightness adjustment layer 30 that covers the shaped surface 20a of the shaped layer 20. In the example shown in Figure 4, the decorative laminate 10 includes a filler layer 40. The filler layer 40 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the shaped layer 20 and faces the shaped layer 20. In the example shown in Figure 4, the filler layer 40 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the brightness adjustment layer 30. In the example shown in Figure 4, the filler layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the shaped layer 20 are laminated in this order along the Z direction Dz, from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. The filler layer 40 fills the irregularities formed on the brightness adjustment layer 30, which will be described later. In the example shown in Figure 4, the diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The filler layer 40 forms the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0042] As shown in Figure 3, the decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13. Each unit optical element 13 reflects, refracts, and / or diffracts light incident on the front surface 11 according to the uneven structure 25 of the shaped surface 20a. This makes it possible to express a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, the design quality of the decorative laminate 10 is improved. In the illustrated example, the decorative laminate 10 has multiple unit optical elements 13. This makes it possible to give the decorative laminate 10 a complex design by combining multiple unit optical elements 13.

[0043] <Formed layer> First, let's explain the shaping layer 20. The shaping layer 20 plays a role in enabling rich design expression by creating a three-dimensional effect that exceeds the thickness of the shaping layer 20 itself.

[0044] The shaping layer 20 will now be described. The decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit shaping element 23. In the example shown in Figure 3, the shaping layer 20 has multiple unit shaping elements 23. By including multiple unit shaping elements 23 in the shaping layer 20, multiple unit optical elements 13 can be formed on the decorative laminate 10. One unit shaping element 23 corresponds to one unit optical element 13. On the shaping surface 20a, a recessed / uneven structure 25 is formed on each unit shaping element 23. The recessed / uneven structure 25 can be formed by shaping the shaping layer 20 using a shaping mold 100, which will be described later.

[0045] The formation of an uneven surface 25 on the shaped surface 20a imparts an optical effect to the light incident on the unit optical element 13 according to the uneven surface 25. The unit optical element 13 reflects, refracts, and / or diffracts the incident light according to the uneven surface 25. In the illustrated example, the shape of the uneven surface 25 is determined so as to focus and / or diverge parallel light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. All or part of each unit optical element 13 may be configured to focus light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In this specification, a lens configured to focus light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is referred to as a "convex lens." A convex lens is a lens configured to produce an optical effect similar to that of a convex mirror. A lens configured to diverge light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is referred to as a "concave lens." A concave lens is a lens configured to produce an optical effect similar to that of a concave mirror. In the example shown in Figure 4, when the decorative laminate 10 is observed from the front surface 11, the entire unit optical element 13 functions as a convex lens. Part of the unit optical element 13 may function as a convex lens. The entire unit optical element 13 or part of it may function as a concave lens. By making the entire unit optical element 13 function as a convex or concave lens, the decorative laminate 10 can express a design with more depth than its actual thickness. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a sense of three-dimensionality. Therefore, the decorative laminate 10 can achieve a rich design expression with a sense of luxury.

[0046] The dimensions of each unit shaping element 23 (and therefore, the dimensions of each unit optical element 13) in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10 are not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate according to the design expressed by the decorative laminate 10. However, from the viewpoint of making the visual effect of the unit optical element 13 effective, it is preferable that each unit shaping element 23 is large enough to be distinguishable with the naked eye. Specifically, the shortest length of the unit shaping element 23 may be 1.0 mm or more, 10 mm or more, or 20 mm or more. Also, the longest length of the unit shaping element 23 may be 200 mm or less, or 100 mm or less. The dimensions of each unit shaping element 23 in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10 may be 1.0 mm or more and 200 mm or less.

[0047] In the unit optical element 13, the shaping surface 20a includes a plurality of tilted surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B. In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, each unit shaping element 23 corresponding to each unit optical element 13 has a plurality of tilted surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B. Thus, each unit optical element 13 has a plurality of tilted surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B.

[0048] Multiple tilted surfaces 26A are aligned toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 and are tilted toward the reference line. Multiple connecting surfaces 26B connect adjacent tilted surfaces 26A. In the illustrated example, multiple tilted surfaces 26A are aligned toward a first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 and are tilted toward the first reference line L1. A unit optical element 13 including multiple tilted surfaces 26A aligned toward a reference line and tilted toward the reference line includes, on any cross-section described above, multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 aligned toward a first reference line L1 and tilted toward the first reference line L1, and multiple second tilted surfaces 26A2 aligned toward a second reference line L2 and tilted toward the second reference line L2.

[0049] Multiple tilted surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B impart optical effects to the light incident on the unit optical element 13, depending on the shapes of the multiple tilted surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B.

[0050] In the examples shown in Figures 3 and 4, the multiple tilted surfaces 26A are lens surfaces. In other words, the multiple tilted surfaces 26A correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a plane perpendicular to its thickness direction. In the examples shown in Figures 3 and 4, the multiple connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. In other words, the multiple connecting surfaces 26B correspond to rise surfaces that connect adjacent lens surfaces. With such a surface irregularity structure 25, the unit optical element 13 can function as a lens. Furthermore, with such a surface irregularity structure 25, the increase in the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 due to the unit optical element 13 functioning as a lens can be effectively suppressed. For example, as in the illustrated example, when the decorative member 3 is used in the front grille of a vehicle, the decorative member 3 may be required to be thin from the viewpoint of weight reduction. Also, when the decorative member 3 is positioned facing the sensor 5, the decorative laminate 10 is required to allow electromagnetic waves emitted from the sensor 5 to pass through the decorative member 3 with high transmittance. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate 10. The unit optical element 13 functions as a lens because the multiple tilted surfaces 26A are lens surfaces and the multiple connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. As a result, in the region where the decorative laminate 10 has the unit optical element 13, a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 can be expressed.

[0051] The shaped surface 20a forms a reflective interface 27 that reflects light. In the example shown in Figure 4, a reflective interface 27 having a shape corresponding to the shape of the uneven structure 25 of the shaped surface 20a is formed between the shaped surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30 covering the shaped surface 20a. In the example shown in Figure 4, the reflective interface 27 is formed at the position of the shaped surface 20a. Although not shown, the reflective interface 27 may be formed at a distance from the shaped surface 20a in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 of the tilted surface 26A. That is, the position of the shaped surface 20a formed by shaping and the position of the reflective interface 27 that reflects light and has a shape corresponding to the shape of the shaped surface 20a may be different.

[0052] The angle of the tilting surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 is greater than the angle of the connecting surface 26B connected to the tilting surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. Specifically, the angle θC of the tilting surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn, as described below, is greater than the angle θB of the connecting surface 26B connected to the tilting surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. The maximum value of the inclination angle θA of the tangent plane in contact with the tilting surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 is angle θC. The maximum value of the inclination angle of the tangent plane in contact with the connecting surface 26B adjacent to the tilting surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 is angle θB. Angle θB is also called the rise angle θB. If the tilted surface 26A has a portion perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10, and the connecting surface 26B does not have a portion perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10, then the angle θC is considered to be greater than the angle θB.

[0053] In the example shown in Figure 4, a portion of the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 that forms the unit optical element 13 forms a curved surface 25a that protrudes from the back surface 12 toward the front surface 11 in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In the examples shown in Figures 3 and 4, the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 has a Fresnel lens structure. In this case, the multiple tilted surfaces 26A correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing the lens surface of a curved lens, such as a spherical lens or a cylindrical lens, into multiple parts along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction (optical axis direction) of the curved lens. The multiple connecting surfaces 26B correspond to rise surfaces that connect the multiple lens surfaces. In this embodiment, the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 is either a linear Fresnel lens or a structure that combines linear Fresnel lenses. In particular, the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 shown in Figure 4 has a structure that combines linear Fresnel lenses. Therefore, when the decorative laminate 10 is observed from the front surface 11 side, the entire unit optical element 13 functions as a convex lens. Each unit optical element 13 in this embodiment has an optical axis Ax.

[0054] In the examples shown in Figures 3 and 4, the unit optical element 13 includes a first region 234. In the examples shown in Figures 3 and 4, each of the multiple unit optical elements 13 includes a first region 234. The multiple tilt surfaces 26A include at least one first tilt surface 26A1 located in the first region 234. In this embodiment, the multiple tilt surfaces 26A include a multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1. The multiple connecting surfaces 26B include at least one first connecting surface 26B1 connecting adjacent first tilt surfaces 26A1. The multiple connecting surfaces 26B include a multiple first connecting surface 26B1. In the examples shown in Figures 3 and 4, the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 are planar. The multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a plane perpendicular to its thickness direction. The multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1 correspond to rise surfaces that connect the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 corresponding to the multiple lens surfaces. In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, each of the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 is configured to have a function corresponding to the function of each of the multiple curved surfaces formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface. By adjusting the inclination of the multiple planar first tilt surfaces 26A1, each of the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 can be configured to have a function corresponding to the function of each of the multiple curved surfaces formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface. Although not shown, each of the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 may be a curved surface with a shape formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface. With such multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1, the thickness of the shaping layer 20 can be kept small while the unit optical element 13 can function as a convex lens.

[0055] As described above, the multiple tilted surfaces 26A are aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 and tilt toward the reference line. Multiple tilted surfaces that are aligned consecutively in close proximity to the reference line are called reference line-adjacent tilted surfaces. In the example shown in Figure 4, the reference line (first reference line L1) passes through the first region 234. Multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 are aligned consecutively in close proximity to the reference line. Therefore, in the example shown in Figure 4, the first tilted surfaces 26A1 correspond to reference line-adjacent tilted surfaces.

[0056] As an example, in a cross-section of a unit optical element 13 along the direction in which multiple tilted surfaces 26A are aligned, the standard deviation of the pitch on one side of the reference line of the tilted surface near the reference line is 5 μm or less, and the standard deviation of the height is 1 μm or less. Figure 4 corresponds to a cross-section of a unit optical element 13 along the direction in which multiple tilted surfaces 26A are aligned. In the example shown in Figure 4, the first tilted surface 26A1 corresponds to the tilted surface near the reference line. In this case, the standard deviation of the pitch P on one side of the reference line (to the right or left of the first reference line L1 in Figure 4) of the first tilted surface 26A1 may be 5 μm or less, and the standard deviation of the height H26 of the tilted surface 26A may be 1 μm or less. A decorative laminate 10 having such a unit optical element 13 can realize a design expression with a three-dimensional feel that was previously unseen.

[0057] When there are 10 or more reference line adjacent tilting surfaces lined up on one side of the reference line, the standard deviation of the pitch of the reference line adjacent tilting surfaces on one side of the reference line is the standard deviation of the pitch of the 10 tilting surfaces closest to the reference line on one side of the reference line in a certain cross section of the unit optical element 13 along the direction in which the multiple tilting surfaces are lined up. When there are 10 or more reference line adjacent tilting surfaces lined up on one side of the reference line, the standard deviation of the height of the reference line adjacent tilting surfaces on one side of the reference line is the standard deviation of the height of the 10 tilting surfaces closest to the reference line on one side of the reference line in a certain cross section of the unit optical element 13 along the direction in which the multiple tilting surfaces are lined up.

[0058] In the example shown in Figure 3, in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, the uneven structure 25 has an inclined surface 26A that extends along at least a portion of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13. In the example shown in Figure 3, the first inclined surface 26A1 extends along the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13. This effectively highlights the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13. In the illustrated example, gap regions 24 are formed between adjacent unit optical elements 13. This also effectively highlights the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13. In the example shown in Figure 3, the multiple unit optical elements 13 have a regular hexagonal outer contour 23a in a plan view. In the example shown in Figure 4, the multiple unit optical elements 13 form a honeycomb structure.

[0059] In the example shown in Figure 4, the multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 are aligned toward a first reference line L1 that extends along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. The multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 are tilted toward the first reference line L1. The position of the first reference line L1 when the decorative laminate 10 is viewed from above is fixed at a single point. In the example shown in Figure 3, the first reference line L1, which serves as the reference for the direction in which the multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 tilt in each unit optical element 13, coincides with the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13.

[0060] In the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4, the first region 234 extends across the entire unit optical element 13. In other words, the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4 has the first region 234 and does not have the second region 235, which will be described later. In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, the uneven structure 25 in each unit optical element 13 has a Fresnel lens structure. The multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 and multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1 formed in the first region 234 of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4 form a Fresnel lens structure.

[0061] As shown in Figure 3, when multiple unit optical elements 13 are arranged regularly, the geometric centers GC of the multiple unit optical elements 13 in a plan view may also be arranged regularly. In this embodiment, the geometric center GC of a unit optical element 13 is the geometric center of the shape of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 as observed from the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In this embodiment, the distance between the geometric centers GC of adjacent unit optical elements 13 is substantially uniform. In the example shown in Figure 3, the geometric center GC of each unit optical element 13 coincides with the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13.

[0062] As described above, each unit optical element 13 in this embodiment has an optical axis Ax. In this case, where each unit optical element 13 has an optical axis Ax, the optical axes Ax of multiple unit optical elements 13 may be arranged regularly. In this case, the distance between the optical axes Ax of adjacent unit optical elements 13 is substantially uniform. In the example shown in Figure 3, the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13 passes through the geometric center GC of each unit optical element 13 in a plan view. However, the position of the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13 is not limited to this. The optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13 does not have to pass through the geometric center GC of the unit optical element 13 in a plan view.

[0063] In this embodiment, the decorative laminate 10 has gap regions 24 formed between a plurality of unit optical elements 13. In the illustrated example, gap regions 24 are formed between adjacent unit optical elements 13. More specifically, one side 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 denoted by reference numeral 131 and one side 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 denoted by reference numeral 132 are adjacent with a gap region 24 in between. The gap region 24 is formed between the sides 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 denoted by reference numeral 131 and the unit optical element 13 denoted by reference numeral 132.

[0064] In the example shown in Figure 3, in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, the shape of each inclined surface 26A is similar to the shape of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13. Each inclined surface 26A extends parallel to the outer contour 23a around its entire circumference. This makes the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 even more effectively prominent.

[0065] As an example, the uneven structure 25 in each unit optical element 13 is either a linear Fresnel lens or a structure combining linear Fresnel lenses. In the example shown in Figure 3, each tilted surface 26A in each unit optical element 13 includes a portion that extends linearly parallel to one of the sides 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 and the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13. This effectively highlights the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13.

[0066] Each unit optical element 13 can be appropriately designed according to the function required of the decorative laminate 10 or the design expressed by the decorative laminate 10. As shown in the illustrated example, when the decorative member 3 is positioned facing the sensor 5, the decorative laminate 10 is required to allow electromagnetic waves emitted from the sensor 5 to pass through the decorative member 3 with high transmittance. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate 10. The design expressed by the decorative laminate 10 may vary depending on the application of the decorative laminate 10. For example, when the decorative laminate 10 is used as an exterior material for a mobile body 1, it is preferable to suppress the generation of iridescence on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. On the other hand, it is also preferable in some cases for the decorative laminate 10 to be designed so that iridescence is generated on its front surface 11.

[0067] When reducing the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 while expressing a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.2 μm or more, more preferably 0.5 μm or more, and even more preferably 1 μm or more. Furthermore, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 25 μm or less, and even more preferably 10 μm or less. Therefore, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 may be 1 μm or more and 50 μm or less. By having a height H25 of 1 μm or more for the uneven structure 25, the visibility of the design displayed by optical action can be further improved. In this specification, "height H25 of the uneven structure" means the maximum value of the height (dimension in the Z direction Dz) H26 (see Figure 4) of the tilted surface 26A or connecting surface 26B that forms the uneven structure.

[0068] In order to suppress the generation of iridescence on the front surface 11 of the decorated laminate 10, it is preferable that the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is greater than 1.0 μm.

[0069] To suppress the generation of iridescence on the front surface 11 of the decorated laminate 10, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 (also referred to as the pitch P of the tilted surface 26A) is preferably 7.5 μm or more, more preferably 12 μm or more, and even more preferably 15 μm or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of achieving miniaturization of the unit optical element 13, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 20 μm or less. Therefore, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 7.5 μm or more and 100 μm or less.

[0070] On the other hand, if it is desired to generate iridescence on the front surface 11 of the decorated laminate 10, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.1 μm or more, and more preferably 0.5 μm or more. In this case, it is also preferable that the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is 1.0 μm or less. Therefore, it is preferable that the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is 0.1 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less.

[0071] If it is desired to generate iridescence on the front surface 11 of the decorated laminate 10, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably less than 7.5 μm, more preferably 5 μm or less, and even more preferably 2 μm or less.

[0072] From the viewpoint of accurately forming the uneven structure 25, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.2 μm or more, more preferably 0.5 μm or more, and even more preferably 1.5 μm or more. Similarly, from the same viewpoint, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 2 μm or more, more preferably 4 μm or more, and even more preferably 8 μm or more.

[0073] The pitch P of the uneven structure 25 may be equal to or different from each other. In the example shown in Figure 3, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 varies depending on the distance of the uneven structure 25 from the optical axis Ax. Specifically, the pitch P decreases as the distance from the optical axis Ax increases. The height H25 of the uneven structure 25, the height H26 of the tilted surface 26A, and the pitch P can be measured by observing a cross-sectional image of the decorated laminate 10 using a scanning electron microscope.

[0074] As described above, the uneven structure 25 of this embodiment is a Fresnel lens structure. The uneven structure 25 of this embodiment has a focal point. When the uneven structure 25 has a focal point, the focal length of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 350 mm or less. More preferably, the focal length of the uneven structure 25 is 2 mm or more and 250 mm or less, and even more preferably 5 mm or more and 150 mm or less. This makes it possible to effectively express a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the shaping layer 20 in the region where the unit optical element 13 of the shaping layer 20 is provided. As a result, a rich design expression with a sense of luxury can be realized.

[0075] The focal length of the uneven surface structure 25 in at least one of the multiple unit optical elements 13 may differ from the focal length of the uneven surface structure 25 in the other unit optical elements 13. This allows the observer to perceive the position of each unit optical element 13 in the Z direction Dz as being different from each other. This enables the realization of a unique design expression with a sense of three-dimensionality.

[0076] The rise angle θB of the uneven structure 25 (see Figure 4) can be set as appropriate. The connecting surface 26B may extend in the Z direction Dz parallel to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10, or it may extend non-parallel to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In other words, the rise angle θB may be 0° or greater than 0°. Considering the need to make the uneven structure 25 a shape that is easy to form, and to make the forming surface 20a adhere more firmly to other layers (in the illustrated example, the brightness adjustment layer 30), the rise angle θB is preferably 15° or more, and more preferably 25° or more. From the viewpoint of ensuring a sufficient area of ​​the tilting surface 26A to appropriately exhibit a lens effect in the uneven structure 25 (in other words, from the viewpoint of displaying an appropriate sense of depth in the forming layer 20), the rise angle θB is preferably 55° or less, and more preferably 45° or less.

[0077] In the illustrated example, a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and urethane acrylate is used as the material constituting the shaping layer 20. In the illustrated example, the material constituting the shaping layer 20 also contains silicone. Such a shaping layer 20 can be formed by applying its liquid precursor material onto a substrate 72, etc., described later, shaping it with a shaping mold, and curing it by ultraviolet irradiation. The precursor material of the shaping layer 20 may be, for example, an ultraviolet-curable resin containing an acrylic resin and a (meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer. In this case, the acrylic resin may have polymerizable unsaturated groups. In this specification, the expression (meth)acrylic means either or both of "acrylic" and "methacrylic". The mass ratio of acrylic resin / (meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer is preferably 35 / 65 or more and 95 / 5 or less, and more preferably 70 / 30 or more and 90 / 10 or less. In this case, the acrylic resin / (meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer may have polymerizable unsaturated groups in the UV-curable resin. The shaping layer 20 formed in this way is flexible and stretchable. Therefore, when the decorative laminate 10 is bent or stretched along the surface of the molded part 65, the shaping layer 20 can be bent or stretched as desired. In other words, there is little risk that the shaping layer 20 will hinder the bending or stretching of the decorative laminate 10.

[0078] In the illustrated example, the shaping layer 20 is transparent so that the brightness adjustment layer 30 can be seen from the front surface 11. In the illustrated example, the uneven structure 25 of the multiple unit optical elements 13 is molded integrally without seams (see Figure 4). In the example shown in Figure 4, the uneven structure 25 of the multiple unit optical elements 13 and the gap region 24 located between the uneven structure 25 are molded integrally without seams.

[0079] <Brightness adjustment layer> Next, the luminance adjustment layer 30 will be described. The luminance adjustment layer 30 is a layer that adjusts the luminance of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10. By adjusting the luminance of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10, a rich design with a sense of luxury can be more effectively imparted to the decorative laminate 10.

[0080] The luminance adjustment layer 30 is provided to adjust the reflectance of visible light measured on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The luminance adjustment layer 30 covers the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20. This adjusts the reflectance of visible light at the reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the luminance adjustment layer 30, thereby adjusting the reflectance of visible light measured on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The surface of the luminance adjustment layer 30 facing the shaping layer 20 has irregularities that correspond to the shaping surface 20a. In other words, the luminance adjustment layer 30 has an irregular structure that corresponds to the irregular structure 25 of the shaping layer 20.

[0081] As an example, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a reflective layer 33. The reflective layer 33 covers the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20, thereby forming a reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33. The reflective layer 33 improves the reflectivity of visible light at the reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33, thereby adjusting the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10. This reflective layer 33 can be formed by vapor deposition of a metallic or inorganic material, or by coating with a metallic or inorganic material. The reflective layer 33 may also be a transparent vapor-deposited layer. The reflective layer 33 is formed as a thin film-like layer. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be thinner than the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (height of the tilted surface 26A). The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be half or less of the height H25 of the uneven structure 25, 25% or less of the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (height of the tilted surface 26A), or 10% or less of the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (height of the tilted surface 26A). A reflective layer 33 of such thickness does not fill the unevenness of the shaped surface 20a, but has an unevenness on the side opposite to the side facing the shaped surface 20a that corresponds to the unevenness of the shaped surface 20a. Although not shown in the figures, the reflective layer 33 may fill the unevenness of the shaped surface 20a. As an example, when the decorative laminate 10 is equipped with a reflective layer 33 and the shaped layer 20 is transparent, the reflective interface 27 formed between the shaped surface 20a and the reflective layer 33 becomes visible from the front surface 11.

[0082] In the example shown in Figure 13A, the brightness adjustment layer 30 (reflective layer 33) has irregularities on the side opposite to the side facing the shaping surface 20a that correspond to the irregularities of the shaping surface 20a. These irregularities of the brightness adjustment layer 30 are filled by the bonding layer 35. The bonding layer 35 bonds (adheses, tacks, or heat-seals) the other layers of the decorative laminate 10 to the molded part 65. Although not shown, the reflective layer 33 may be formed to fill the irregularities of the shaping surface 20a, similar to the example of the colored layer 36 shown in Figure 5. In the example shown in Figure 13A, the surface of the reflective layer 33 facing the bonding layer 35 has irregularities that correspond to the irregularities of the Fresnel lens surface 26. Therefore, the bonding layer 35 has irregularities that correspond to the irregularities of the Fresnel lens surface 26.

[0083] As the material for the reflective layer 33, it is preferable to use a material that improves the reflectivity of the reflective interface 27 formed by the reflective layer 33, and it is even more preferable to use a material that is radio wave transparent. In this case, as the material constituting the reflective layer 33, for example, metallic materials such as aluminum, indium, and tin, or zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc sulfide, and aluminum oxide can be used. In particular, when the decorative laminate 10 is joined to the molded part 65 by insert molding, it is preferable that the material constituting the reflective layer 33 is a metallic material such as indium and tin, or zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc sulfide, and aluminum oxide.

[0084] As described above, electromagnetic waves used by the sensor 5 pass through the decorative laminate 10. If the reflective layer 33 is formed as a layer that extends continuously across the entire surface of the shaped surface 20a, the electromagnetic waves are blocked or attenuated. Therefore, as shown in Figure 13B, the reflective layer 33 may include a plurality of metal granules 31. The metal granules 31 have a metallic luster and are capable of reflecting visible light. The reflective layer 33 forms islands in a so-called sea-island structure. The island-shaped metal granules 31 are spaced apart from each other. Gaps are provided between the plurality of metal granules 31 to form a sea in the sea-island structure. Electromagnetic waves used by the sensor 5, such as millimeter waves, pass through these gaps and thus penetrate the reflective layer 33. Such a metal layer can be formed, for example, as an indium material by deposition such as sputtering or vacuum deposition. The reflective layer 33 may be formed seamlessly and integrally across a plurality of unit optical elements 13.

[0085] The thickness of the reflective layer 33 is preferably such that it can improve the reflectivity of the reflective interface 27 formed by the reflective layer 33. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be, for example, 0.005 μm or more. Alternatively, the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 20 μm or less. Therefore, the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be between 0.005 μm and 20 μm. The thicknesses of the reflective layer 33 and other layers included in the decorative laminate 10 can also be measured by observing a cross-sectional image of the decorative laminate 10 using a scanning electron microscope.

[0086] A decorative laminate 10 having a reflective layer 33 can be manufactured by a method for manufacturing a decorative laminate 10 that includes a step of forming the reflective layer 33 on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20. In this case, in the step of forming the reflective layer 33, the reflective layer 33 is formed on the shaping surface 20a by a film deposition technique such as sputtering or vacuum deposition.

[0087] <Filled layer> The filling layer 40 is a planarizing layer that fills in the irregularities of the brightness adjustment layer 30. In the example shown in Figure 4, the surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 facing the filling layer 40 has irregularities corresponding to the irregularities of the shaping surface 20a. In the example shown in Figure 4, the filling layer 40 forms the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0088] The filling layer 40 can be a transparent or opaque resin layer. The filling layer 40 may also serve as the bonding layer 35 described above. That is, in the decorative member 3, the irregularities of the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be filled by the bonding layer 35. In this case, the material used to form the bonding layer 35 (filling layer 40) can be a thermoplastic resin or a (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer. The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and examples include acrylic resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide resin, polyester resin, chlorinated polypropylene, chlorinated rubber, urethane resin, epoxy resin, styrene resin, etc. These resins may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0089] The filling layer 40 may be a transparent or opaque resin layer. If the filling layer 40 is opaque, it can conceal at least a portion of the article or molded part 65 to which the decorative member 3 is applied. For example, in the example shown in Figure 2, the opacity of the filling layer 40 allows the decorative member 3 to conceal the sensor 5.

[0090] <Diffusion layer> The diffusion layer 90 is a layer that diffuses incident light. The diffusion layer 90 diffuses light incident on itself. The diffusion layer 90 diffuses light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The diffusion layer 90 may also diffuse light reflected at the reflection interface 27. The diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflection interface 27. That is, the distance between the diffusion layer 90 and the front surface 11 is smaller than the distance between the reflection interface 27 and the front surface 11. As an example, the diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the shaping layer 20. That is, the distance between the diffusion layer 90 and the front surface 11 is smaller than the distance between the shaping layer 20 and the front surface 11. As shown in Figure 4, the diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflection interface 27. In the example shown in Figure 4, light entering the interior of the decorative laminate 10 from the front surface 11 is reflected at the reflective interface 27 and proceeds from the front surface 11 to the outside of the decorative laminate 10. At this time, the diffusion layer 90 may diffuse the light that is reflected at the reflective interface 27 and proceeds from the front surface 11 to the outside of the decorative laminate 10. By diffusing the incident light, the gloss on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is reduced. Therefore, the gloss generated on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 can be reduced by the diffusion layer 90. As a result, the decorative laminate 10 can express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.

[0091] In the example shown in Figure 4, the diffusion layer 90 also serves as a hard coat layer 91 that protects the shaping layer 20. For example, the hard coat layer 91 has scratch resistance, etc. In this case, the diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) is provided so as to cover the unshaped surface 20b of the shaping layer 20. The diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) can be formed from a resin composition such as a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a UV-curable resin, or an EB-curable resin.

[0092] In the example shown in Figure 4, the diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. In the example shown in Figure 4, the uneven surface 92 is the surface of the diffusion layer 90 that forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. When the diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92, light incident on the diffusion layer 90 is diffused by diffuse reflection from the uneven surface 92. In the example shown in Figure 4, light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is diffused by the uneven surface 92. Light reflected at the reflection interface 27 may also be diffused by passing through the uneven surface 92.

[0093] The uneven surface 92 does not have a shape corresponding to the unit shaping element 23 described above. For example, the uneven surface 92 does not have a linear Fresnel lens or a structure combining linear Fresnel lenses. The uneven surface 92 does not have a circular Fresnel lens. The uneven surface 92 does not have a Fresnel lens structure. As an example, the uneven surface 92 does not have a shape such that multiple lens surfaces are tilted toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. As an example, the uneven surface 92 does not have a shape corresponding to the unit shaping element 23 having multiple tilted surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B described above.

[0094] The irregularities formed on the uneven surface 92 may have an irregular shape. A diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92 with irregularly shaped irregularities can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, an uneven layer is prepared, which contains resin and particles diffused in the resin, and in which irregularly shaped irregularities are formed on the surface due to some of the particles protruding from the resin. Next, a diffusion layer 90 is formed on the uneven layer. This makes it possible to manufacture a diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92 on the surface of the diffusion layer 90 that is in contact with the uneven layer, with irregularly shaped irregularities corresponding to the irregularities on the surface of the uneven layer. In this case, the uneven layer may be peeled off the diffusion layer 90 after manufacturing the diffusion layer 90 having the uneven surface 92. As an example, the uneven layer is a release layer 73, which will be described later. A more specific example of a method for manufacturing the diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 4 will be described later.

[0095] The irregularities formed on the uneven surface 92 may be regular irregularities. In this case, the pitch of the regular irregularities formed on the uneven surface 92 may be smaller than the pitch P of the irregular structure 25 in the unit optical element 13. For example, the pitch of the uneven surface 92 may be less than 10 μm. The pitch of the uneven surface 92 may be 8 μm or less, 5 μm or less, or 3 μm or less. For example, the regular irregularities formed on the uneven surface 92 may have a plurality of protrusions. For example, the plurality of protrusions may project in the direction Dn normal to the decorative laminate 10. In this case, the plurality of protrusions may have inclined surfaces that are inclined with respect to the direction Dn normal to the decorative laminate 10. The plurality of protrusions may have the shape of a cone, a frustocone, a pyramid, or a frustocone.

[0096] As shown in Figure 4, if the uneven surface 92 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, the uneven surface 92 may provide a tactile sensation to a person who touches the decorative laminate 10. For example, the uneven surface 92 provides a smooth, dry tactile sensation to a person who touches the decorative laminate 10 due to low friction. While "smooth" is a subjective term, in this specification, "smooth" encompasses all tactile sensations that are generally perceived as "smooth." Specifically, it refers to the tactile sensation felt when touching a dry, smooth surface with the pad of a finger.

[0097] As an example, the diffusion layer 90 contains a resin. The diffusion layer 90 may consist of a resin. A thermoplastic resin can be used as the resin included in the diffusion layer 90. A curable resin may also be used as the resin included in the diffusion layer 90. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin may be used as the resin included in the diffusion layer 90.

[0098] The thickness of the decorative laminate 10 having the above configuration may be 0.005 mm or more, 0.025 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, or 0.15 mm or more. Furthermore, the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 2 mm or less, 1.0 mm or less, 1 mm or less, 0.75 mm or less, or 0.5 mm or less. Therefore, the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 0.005 mm or more and 2 mm or less. The thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 0.025 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, 0.05 mm or more and 1 mm or less, 0.1 mm or more and 0.75 mm or less, or 0.15 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.

[0099] <<Function of Decorative Laminates>> Next, the function of the decorative laminate 10 will be explained. The decorative laminate 10 displays a design and imparts a design to the article or other item to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied. Incidentally, if the decorative laminate 10 can express a three-dimensional effect, it becomes possible to express a rich design with a sense of luxury. The three-dimensional effect of the decorative laminate 10 can be expressed by forming a physical uneven structure. On the other hand, depending on the application of the decorative laminate 10, it may not be possible to make the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 sufficiently thick. On the other hand, many decorative members, such as decorative members used in the front grille of a vehicle, are required to be thin from the viewpoint of weight reduction. The thickness of a decorative member intended to transmit electromagnetic waves such as millimeter waves is set according to the wavelength of the millimeter waves and is subject to constraints. In addition, from the viewpoint of improving the transmittance of electromagnetic waves, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate.

[0100] In contrast, according to this embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13. Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the optical function of the unit optical element 13. In this embodiment, the unit optical element 13 is configured to function as a convex mirror. In this case, as shown in Figure 6, the range A1 reflected in the convex mirror M1 is wider than that of a specular reflective surface located at the same position as the convex mirror M1. That is, the range A1 reflected in the convex mirror M1 is the same as the range A1 reflected on the specular reflective surface M3, which is located further away from the observer in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, an observer who observes the reflection on the reflective interface will perceive that the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13, which functions as a convex mirror M1, is located deeper than the actual position of the reflective interface 27. In other words, the unit optical element 13 can display a design with a greater sense of depth than the actual thickness of the shaping layer 20. In this way, the unit optical element 13 can display a design with a greater sense of depth than the thickness of the shaping layer 20. Therefore, it is possible to express a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the shaping layer 20 while keeping the thickness of the shaping layer 20 thin. This makes it possible to achieve a rich design expression accompanied by a sense of luxury.

[0101] <Specular gloss> Considering the effects of the decorative laminate 10 described above, the preferred numerical range for the specular gloss of the decorative laminate 10 will be further explained. The specular gloss of the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 at an incident angle of 85° will be denoted as G(85). The specular gloss of the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 at an incident angle of 20° will be denoted as G(20). The specular gloss of the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 at an incident angle of 60° will be denoted as G(60). In this case, the ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of specular gloss G(85) to specular gloss G(20), is between 2 and 30.

[0102] This document describes the measurement methods for specular gloss G(85) and specular gloss G(20). Specular gloss G(85) shall be the value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle is set to 85°. Specular gloss G(20) shall be the value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle is set to 20°. Specular gloss G(60) shall be the value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle is set to 60°. The measurement environment for specular gloss shall be a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 5%. The sample to be measured shall be placed in the measurement environment for 16 hours before the start of measurement. Before measuring specular gloss, the light source of the measuring device shall be lit for 15 minutes to stabilize the output of the light source.

[0103] When measuring specular gloss, black tape is applied to the back surface of the sample being measured, opposite the incident surface, before the measurement is performed.

[0104] The effects of the ratio G(85) / G(20) being within the above-mentioned numerical range will be explained. First, the effects of the ratio G(85) / G(20) being 2 or greater will be explained. In some cases, it is required that the decorative laminate 10 express a design with a sense of three-dimensionality. On the other hand, in some cases, it is required that the decorative laminate 10 express a matte texture with suppressed gloss. In view of the above issues, the inventors have conducted research and completed the invention relating to the decorative laminate 10 of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the decorative laminate 10 of this disclosure includes a unit optical element 13. In the unit optical element 13, the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 forms a reflective interface 27 to which light is reflected. As a result, the unit optical element 13 reflects, refracts and / or diffracts the incident light. With such a unit optical element 13, the decorative laminate 10 can express a design that gives a sense of depth and a sense of three-dimensionality. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 4, the decorative laminate 10 of this disclosure includes a diffusion layer 90 located closer to the surface surface 11 than the shaping layer 20. The diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the surface surface 11 than the reflective interface 27. The diffusion layer 90 diffuses incident light. This reduces the gloss on the surface surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, allowing the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with suppressed gloss. According to the decorative laminate 10 of this disclosure, a sense of three-dimensionality can be expressed by the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13, and the gloss on the surface surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 can be reduced by the diffusion layer 90 located closer to the surface surface 11 than the reflective interface 27. In other words, according to the decorative laminate 10 of this disclosure, it is possible to achieve both a matte texture on the surface surface 11 and a sense of three-dimensionality at a position deeper than the surface surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0105] To explain the effect of having a ratio G(85) / G(20) of 2 or more, consider the decorative laminates shown in Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C as comparative examples. In Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C, the same reference numerals used for the corresponding parts in the decorative laminate 10 according to this embodiment are used for parts that can be configured similarly to the decorative laminate 10 according to this embodiment described above.

[0106] The decorative laminate shown in Figure 7B has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 4, except for the points described below. The reflective interface 27 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7B is a flat surface. Therefore, the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7B does not have a unit optical element 13. The hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7B does not have a surface with irregularities. Therefore, the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7B does not function as a diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. The decorative laminate shown in Figure 7A has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 4, except for the points described below. The reflective interface 27 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7A is a flat surface. Therefore, the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7A does not have a unit optical element 13. The decorative laminate shown in Figure 7C has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 4, except for the points described below. The hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7C does not have a surface with irregularities. Therefore, the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7C does not function as a diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.

[0107] Now, let's consider the case where light of a constant intensity is incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate. In this case, the intensity of the light that passes through the front surface 11 and heads toward the reflection interface 27 is greater when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. On the other hand, the intensity of the light specularly reflected at the front surface 11 is smaller when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°.

[0108] Furthermore, consider the case where light of a constant intensity is incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7B and the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7C. In this case, in Figure 7C, the intensity of specularly reflected light is smaller than in Figure 7B by the amount that the incident light at the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 is reflected, refracted, and / or diffracted. As a result, the specular glossiness is reduced in Figure 7C compared to Figure 7B. Here, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the intensity of the light that passes through the front surface 11 and heads toward the reflective interface 27 is greater than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. Therefore, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the effect of reducing specular glossiness by the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 is greater than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. In other words, comparing the difference in specular gloss between a decorative laminate with unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7C and a decorative laminate without unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7B, the difference in specular gloss G(20) between Figure 7C and Figure 7B is greater than the difference in specular gloss G(85) between Figure 7C and Figure 7B. Therefore, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in the decorative laminate with unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7C than in the decorative laminate without unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7B. By similar logic, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in the decorative laminate with unit optical elements 13 that have a strong effect than in the decorative laminate with unit optical elements 13 that have a weak effect.

[0109] Next, consider the case where light of a constant intensity is incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7A and the decorative laminate shown in Figure 7B. In this case, the intensity of specularly reflected light is lower in Figure 7A than in Figure 7B, due to the amount of light diffused in the diffusion layer 90. As a result, the specular gloss is reduced in Figure 7A than in Figure 7B. Here, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the intensity of light that passes through the front surface 11 and the diffusion layer 90 and heads toward the reflection interface 27 is greater than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. On the other hand, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the intensity of light that is reflected at the surface of the diffusion layer 90 without passing through the diffusion layer 90 is lower than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. Light that passes through the surface 11 and the diffusion layer 90 and heads toward the reflection interface 27 passes through the diffusion layer 90 twice: once when it passes through the surface 11 and heads toward the reflection interface 27, and again when it is reflected at the reflection interface 27 and heads toward the surface 11. As a result, the light is affected by the diffusion effect of the diffusion layer 90 twice. For this reason, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the effect of reducing specular gloss by the diffusion layer 90 is greater than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. In other words, when comparing the difference in specular gloss between a decorative laminate with a diffusion layer 90 as shown in Figure 7A and a decorative laminate without a diffusion layer 90 as shown in Figure 7B, the difference in specular gloss G(20) between Figure 7A and Figure 7B is greater than the difference in specular gloss G(85) between Figure 7A and Figure 7B. Therefore, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate with a diffusion layer 90 as shown in Figure 7A than in a decorative laminate without a diffusion layer 90 as shown in Figure 7B. By similar logic, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate with a strong diffusion layer 90 than in a decorative laminate with a weak diffusion layer 90.

[0110] From the above, the ratio G(85) / G(20) becomes small in all cases: when the decorative laminate does not have a unit optical element 13, when the effect of the unit optical element 13 in the decorative laminate is weak, when the decorative laminate does not have a diffusion layer 90, and when the effect of the diffusion layer 90 in the decorative laminate is weak. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of achieving both a matte texture on the front surface 11 and a three-dimensional effect at a position deeper than the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, it is preferable that the effect of both the unit optical element 13 and the effect of the diffusion layer 90 be strong to a certain extent.

[0111] In light of the above findings, the inventors conducted further research and found that if the ratio G(85) / G(20) is 2 or more, the effects of both the unit optical element 13 and the diffusion layer 90 can be strengthened. Therefore, by setting the ratio G(85) / G(20) to 2 or more, the effects of both the unit optical element 13 and the diffusion layer 90 can be strengthened, making it possible to achieve both a matte texture and a sense of three-dimensionality.

[0112] In particular, when a reflective layer 33, which is a vapor-deposited aluminum film, is used as the brightness adjustment layer 30, the light-reflecting effect at the reflective interface 27 can be significantly increased, but it is also anticipated that it may become more difficult to express a matte texture. If the ratio G(85) / G(20) is 2 or more, even when a reflective layer 33, which is a vapor-deposited aluminum film, is used as the brightness adjustment layer 30, it is possible to achieve both a matte texture and a sense of three-dimensionality.

[0113] Next, we will explain the effect of the ratio G(85) / G(20) being 30 or less. If the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater than 30, it is assumed that G(20) is particularly small because the effect of the reflective interface 27 in reflecting light toward the front surface 11 is weak. For example, it is assumed that G(20) is particularly small because the light-reflecting effect of the material forming the reflective interface 27 is weak. By specifying that the ratio G(85) / G(20) is 30 or less, the case described above, where G(20) is particularly small because the light-reflecting effect of the reflective interface 27 is weak, is excluded. Therefore, the strength of the light-reflecting effect of the reflective interface 27 can be sufficiently ensured. This makes it possible to stably produce the effect of the reflective interface 27 in the unit optical element 13, which is to express a design that gives a sense of depth and three-dimensionality.

[0114] From the above, by having a ratio G(85) / G(20) between 2 and 30, the effects of the unit optical element 13 and the diffusion layer 90 are sufficiently strengthened, making it possible to achieve both a matte texture and a sense of three-dimensionality. From the viewpoint of achieving a more stable balance between a matte texture and a sense of three-dimensionality, the ratio G(85) / G(20) may be greater than 3 and less than or equal to 30.

[0115] As an example, the specular gloss G(60) at an incident angle of 60° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is 70 or less. The specular gloss G(60) may also be 60 or less. As described above, with a decorative laminate 10 in which an upper limit is set for the specular gloss G(60), a matte texture with suppressed gloss can be expressed more stably.

[0116] <Total light reflectance (R SCI )> Considering the effect of the decorative laminate 10 described above, the total light reflectance (R SCI The preferred numerical range for ) is described below. The total light reflectance (R) measured from the front surface 11 of the decorated laminate 10 in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. SCI ) is preferably 10% or more.

[0117] Here, the total light reflectance (R SCI ) of the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 in the present embodiment is measured under geometric condition c in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. The total light reflectance (R SCI ) in this specification is the reflectance Y value (Y of the tristimulus values XYZ) measured in the SCI method using a spectrocolorimeter in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. The measurement of the total light reflectance (R SCI ) is performed using a spectrocolorimeter (model number CM-700d) manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. When measuring, the measurement conditions, observation conditions, and measurement diameter / illumination diameter are set as follows. The measurement of the total light reflectance (R SCI ) is performed by vertically pressing the spectrocolorimeter against the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 placed on a flat table. The measurement wavelength range of this spectrocolorimeter is 400 nm to 700 nm, and the measurement wavelength interval is 10 nm. <Measurement conditions> · Mode (regular reflection light processing mode): I+E (SCI+SCE) <Observation conditions> · Color system: Yxy · Field angle: 10° field · Main light source: D65 <Measurement diameter / illumination diameter> By exchanging the target mask and switching the lens position, it is set to either Φ3mm / Φ6mm or Φ8mm / Φ11mm.

[0118] The measurement diameter / illumination diameter is selected according to the dimensions of the unit optical element 13. Here, the illumination diameter is the diameter of the irradiation area of the spectrocolorimeter, and the measurement diameter is the diameter of the measurement area C of the spectrocolorimeter (see FIG. 8).

[0119] In the illustrated example, when the center of the measurement area C is aligned with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is selected so that at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 fits within the measurement area C, and the total light reflectance (R SCISet the measurement diameter to the smallest available measurement diameter. For example, if at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 is contained within a virtual circle with a diameter of 3 mm, then regardless of whether the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is Φ3 mm / Φ6 mm or Φ8 mm / Φ11 mm, at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 will be contained within the measurement area C, but the measurement diameter / illumination diameter will be set to Φ3 mm / Φ6 mm. Also, if at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 is contained within a virtual circle with a diameter of 8 mm but not within a virtual circle with a diameter of 3 mm, then the measurement diameter / illumination diameter will be set to Φ8 mm / Φ11 mm.

[0120] Next, as shown in Figure 8, in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, the position of the measurement area C relative to the unit optical element 13 is determined such that the center of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer coincides with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, and the total light reflectance (R SCI ) Measure.

[0121] The total light reflectance (R) SCI In the decorative laminate 10 where the ) is 10% or more, the effect of the reflective interface 27 in the unit optical element 13 in reflecting light toward the front surface 11 is considered to be sufficiently strong. Therefore, the effect of the reflective interface 27 in the unit optical element 13, which expresses a design that gives a sense of depth and three-dimensionality, can be produced more stably.

[0122] <<Transfer Sheet>> Figure 9 shows a transfer sheet 70 used to transfer the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 4 to the molding section 65. The transfer sheet 70 comprises the decorative laminate 10 described above and a base material 72 facing the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In this embodiment, the base material 72 is a transfer base material that is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10 when transferring the decorative laminate 10 to the molding section 65.

[0123] In the example shown in Figure 9, the base material 72 is a flat plate. For the base material 72, a material commonly used as a base material for transfer sheets can be used, such as a polyester resin film or a polyolefin resin film.

[0124] The transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 9 includes a release layer 73. The release layer 73 is formed on the surface of the base material 72 facing the decorative laminate 10. The release layer 73 has release properties that facilitate the removal of the base material 72 from the decorative laminate 10. In the example shown in Figure 9, the release layer 73 has a first surface 73a and a second surface 73b located on the opposite side of the first surface 73a. The release layer 73 is in contact with the base material 72 on the first surface 73a. The second surface 73b of the release layer 73 faces the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The release layer 73 is in contact with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 on the second surface 73b. In the example shown in Figure 9, a diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The release layer 73 is in contact with the diffusion layer 90 on the second surface 73b.

[0125] In the example shown in Figure 9, the second surface 73b of the release layer 73 has irregularities that correspond to the shape of the uneven surface 92 of the diffusion layer 90. In the example shown in Figure 9, the release layer 73 contains resin 74 and particles 75 diffused in the resin 74. Irregularly shaped irregularities are formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73 because some of the particles 75 protrude from the resin 74. A thermoplastic resin can be used as the material for forming the resin 74 of the release layer 73. A curable resin may also be used as the material for forming the resin 74. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin may be used as the material for forming the resin 74. More specifically, the resin 74 can be a thermoplastic resin such as acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyurethane resin, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, or silicone resin, or a thermosetting resin that is a combination of these thermoplastic resins and a curing agent. The particles 75 may contain organic materials or inorganic materials. If the particles 75 contain an organic material, the particles 75 may be acrylic beads. Although not shown in the figures, if no irregularities are formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73, the release layer 73 does not need to contain the particles 75. In this case, the release layer 73 may be made of resin 74.

[0126] The transfer sheet 70 has a first surface 70a and a second surface 70b located on the opposite side of the first surface 70a. The distance between the first surface 70a and the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is smaller than the distance between the first surface 70a and the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10. The distance between the second surface 70b and the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10 is smaller than the distance between the second surface 70b and the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In this embodiment, the base material 72, which is the transfer substrate, forms either the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70. In the example shown in Figure 9, the base material 72, which is the transfer substrate, forms the first surface 70a of the transfer sheet 70. In the example shown in Figure 9, the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10 forms the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70.

[0127] <<Manufacturing Method for Decorative Components>> Next, with reference to Figures 10 to 14, an example of a method for manufacturing the decorative member 3 according to this embodiment (i.e., the decorative member 3 shown in Figure 2) will be described. The method for manufacturing the mold for the decorative member 3 and the mold for the mold for the mold for the mold for the mold for the mold, as described later, is not limited to the method for manufacturing the decorative member and the mold for the mold for the mold, as described later. In this embodiment, as an example, a method for manufacturing the decorative member 3 when the materials of the diffusion layer 90 and the mold for the mold 20 are ultraviolet (UV) curable resins will be described. Figures 10 to 14 are cross-sectional views showing a method for manufacturing a transfer sheet 70 (i.e., the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 9) for transferring the decorative laminate 10 to the molded part 65.

[0128] First, as shown in Figure 10, a flat substrate 72 is prepared with a release layer 73 formed on one side. The second surface 73b of the release layer 73 has irregularities formed on it.

[0129] Next, as shown in Figure 11, a layer 93 of the precursor material for the diffusion layer 90 described above is formed on the release layer 73. The surface of layer 93 that contacts the release layer 73 is made of irregularities according to the shape of the irregularities formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73. As a result, a diffusion layer 90 having an irregular surface 92 is formed from layer 93.

[0130] Next, as shown in Figure 12, a layer 29 of the precursor material for the shaping layer 20 described above is formed on the diffusion layer 90. Then, as shown in Figure 12, the shaping mold 100 is pressed against the layer 29 to shape it. The shaping mold 100 has irregularities corresponding to the irregular structure 25. Next, the layer 29 is irradiated with ultraviolet light to harden the layer 29. This produces a shaping layer 20 with the irregular structure 25 formed on the shaping surface 20a. After that, the shaping mold 100 is removed from the shaping layer 20. The shaping mold 100 may be removed from the layer 29 before the layer 29 is irradiated with ultraviolet light.

[0131] The irregularities of the mold 100 are determined such that the rise angle θB of the connection surface 26B of the irregular structure 25 is 15° or more, rather than 0°. This makes it easy to form irregularities on the layer 29 that accurately reflect the irregularities of the mold 100 when forming the layer 29 with the mold 100. In other words, it is easy to form an irregular structure 25 on the formed layer 20 that corresponds to the irregularities of the mold 100. Furthermore, because the rise angle θB of the connection surface 26B of the irregular structure 25 is 15° or more, it is easy to remove the formed layer 20 or layer 29 from the mold 100.

[0132] Next, as shown in Figure 13, a brightness adjustment layer 30 is formed so as to cover the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20. For example, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is formed by vapor deposition or coating of a metallic or inorganic material onto the shaping surface 20a. In the example shown in Figure 13, a reflective layer 33 is formed as the brightness adjustment layer 30. After forming the reflective layer 33 as the brightness adjustment layer 30, a bonding layer 35 (filling layer 40) is formed on the brightness adjustment layer 30. This produces the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 9.

[0133] Next, the transfer sheet 70 is placed inside the mold for molding the molded portion 65. Then, molten resin is introduced between the back surface 12 (i.e., the bonding layer 35) on the decorative laminate 10 and the inner surface of the mold, and the resin is solidified inside the mold. As a result, the molded portion 65, which is bonded to the transfer sheet 70, is molded inside the mold. After that, the base material 72 is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10. This completes the decorative member 3 (see Figure 2) with the decorative laminate 10 transferred onto the molded portion 65. This method of molding the decorative member 3 is known as in-mold molding. In this embodiment, the base material 72 and the release layer 73 are peeled off from the decorative laminate 10. As a result, as shown in Figure 4, an uneven surface 92 is formed on the surface of the diffusion layer 90 that forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0134] In this embodiment, the base material 72, which is the transfer substrate, forms either the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to be transferred by attaching the transfer sheet 70 to the molding part 65, etc., on the side of the first surface 70a and the second surface 70b that is not formed by the base material 72, and then peeling off the base material 72. In other words, the decorative laminate 10 can be transferred in one step without having to perform the operation of attaching the laminate to the molding part 65, etc., and then peeling off the base material multiple times.

[0135] <<Manufacturing method for the shaped layer>> Next, an example of a manufacturing method for a mold 100 for forming an uneven structure 25 on the shaping layer 20 will be described.

[0136] First, with reference to Figures 14A to 14C, a method for manufacturing a master mold 110 for forming a shaping mold 100 will be described. First, as shown in Figure 14A, a master mold forming member 111 is prepared. The master mold forming member 111 includes a flat substrate 112 such as a glass plate and a photosensitive material layer 113 that covers one side of the substrate 112. In the illustrated example, the photosensitive material layer 113 is formed using a positive-type resist.

[0137] Next, as shown in Figure 14B, the photosensitive material layer 113 is irradiated with laser light R. At this time, the entire area of ​​the photosensitive material layer 113 is irradiated with laser light while moving the irradiation position of the laser light R on the mold forming member 111. At this time, the intensity of the laser light R is controlled in three or more gradations. The control of the intensity of the laser light R is controlled based on data representing the uneven structure 25. This data contains information about the uneven pattern to be formed on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20. This uneven pattern is the uneven pattern of the region of the shaping layer 20 that includes multiple unit shaping elements 23 (and therefore also includes the gap regions 24 between these multiple unit shaping elements 23). Furthermore, this uneven pattern represents the height (depth) of the unevenness to be formed on the shaping surface 20a, relative to the non-shaping surface 20b, in three or more stages. Using such data, the intensity of the laser light R is controlled in three or more gradations. Furthermore, the laser beam R is irradiated onto each position on the photosensitive material layer 113 with an intensity that reflects the above-mentioned uneven pattern. As a result, the exposure amount of the laser beam R at each position on the photosensitive material layer 113 reflects the above-mentioned uneven pattern.

[0138] Next, as shown in Figure 14C, the photosensitive layer 113 is developed and a portion of the photosensitive layer 113 is removed. As described above, the exposure amount of the laser light R at each position of the photosensitive layer 113 is the exposure amount that reflects the above-mentioned uneven pattern, so after development, the photosensitive layer 113 has an uneven surface that reflects the above-mentioned uneven pattern. In this way, a master mold 110 having an uneven surface that reflects the above-mentioned uneven pattern is produced.

[0139] In this way, a mold 110 having irregularities corresponding to the multiple uneven structures 25 of the multiple unit forming elements 23 is formed integrally without seams. Therefore, there is little risk of unintended irregularities being formed on the mold 110. Furthermore, by adjusting the exposure amount of the laser light R on the photosensitive material layer 113 in multiple gradations, irregularities corresponding to the above-mentioned irregularity pattern can be formed on the mold 110 with high precision.

[0140] Next, a method for manufacturing the mold 100 will be described with reference to Figures 15 and 16. First, as shown in Figure 15, a metal layer 115 is formed on the uneven surface 110a of the master mold 110. The metal layer 115 may be formed of nickel or the like by electroforming, for example. The metal layer 115 has irregularities that reflect the irregularities of the master mold 110 (and therefore reflect the above-mentioned irregularity pattern).

[0141] Next, as shown in Figure 16, the metal layer 115 is separated from the master mold 110. The metal layer 115 may be separated from the master mold 110, for example, by dissolving and removing the photosensitive material layer 113 of the master mold 110 with a solvent. The metal layer 115 separated from the master mold 110 is used as the shaping mold 100. Alternatively, a larger shaping mold may be made by combining multiple shaping molds 100 produced in this manner.

[0142] As shown in Figure 17, by using the mold 100 manufactured in this manner, multiple unit forming elements 23 can be formed on the forming layer 20 in the intended arrangement pattern at once. Simultaneously, gap regions 24 between the multiple unit forming elements 23 can also be formed. Therefore, multiple unit forming elements 23 can be formed on the forming layer 20 with precision in the intended planar shape and arrangement pattern.

[0143] Furthermore, the mold 100 produced in this manner offers greater design freedom for the uneven structure 25 compared to molds produced using a master mold created by conventional cutting processes. Specifically, the shapes of the tilting surface 26A and the connecting surface 26B can be set more freely compared to conventional methods.

[0144] <<<Modified Version>>> Next, various modifications of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 18 to 50. In Figures 18 to 50, the same reference numerals are used for parts that are the same as those shown in Figures 1 to 17, and detailed descriptions are omitted.

[0145] <Variation 1: Variation of the diffusion layer> In the embodiments described above, an example was described in which the diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. However, the form of the diffusion layer 90 is not limited to this. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a decorative laminate 10 equipped with a diffusion layer 90 in Modification 1. In the example shown in Figure 18, the diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light-diffusing material 96 dispersed in the binder resin 95. In this case, light can be diffused isotropically by utilizing the refractive index difference between the binder resin 95 and the light-diffusing material 96, or by utilizing the reflectivity of the light-diffusing material 96. As a result, the diffusion layer 90 of Modification 1 can diffuse incident light.

[0146] As the binder resin 95 contained in the diffusion layer 90 of Modified Example 1, known materials such as chlorine resins, urethane resins, acrylic urethane resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, butyral resins, polystyrene resins, nitrocellulose resins (nitrified cotton), and cellulose acetate resins can be used. As the binder resin 95, the same material as the material that forms the resin 74 of the release layer 73 in the above embodiment may be used.

[0147] The light diffusing material 96 contained in the diffusion layer 90 of Modification 1 may be appropriately selected according to the required light diffusing properties of the diffusion layer 90. Examples of light diffusing material 96 include organic particles such as plastic beads and inorganic particles such as silica. Examples of plastic beads include melamine beads, acrylic beads, acrylic-styrene beads, polycarbonate beads, polyethylene beads, polystyrene beads, and vinyl chloride beads, but acrylic beads are preferred among these. Particles similar to the particles 75 in the above embodiment may be used as the light diffusing material 96. In the example shown in Figure 18, the light diffusing material 96 is particles. Although not shown, the light diffusing material 96 may also be bubbles.

[0148] In the example shown in Figure 18, the diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In the example shown in Figure 18, the surface of the diffusion layer 90 that forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is flat. In the example shown in Figure 18, the diffusion layer 90 also serves as a hard coat layer 91 that protects the shaping layer 20. The diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) is provided so as to cover the unshaped surface 20b of the shaping layer 20.

[0149] As shown in Figure 18, a diffusion layer 90 containing a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96 can also diffuse the incident light, thereby allowing the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.

[0150] <<Transfer sheet used for transferring the decorative laminate in Modification Example 1>> Figure 19 shows a transfer sheet 70 used to transfer the decorative laminate 10 of Modified Example 1 to the molding section 65. The transfer sheet 70 comprises the decorative laminate 10 of Modified Example 1 and a base material 72. The base material 72 is a transfer base material that is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10 when transferring the decorative laminate 10 to the molding section 65.

[0151] The transfer sheet 70 is configured to facilitate the peeling of the base material 72 from the decorative laminate 10. For example, although not shown, the decorative laminate 10 may further include a release layer. If the decorative laminate 10 includes a release layer, the release layer may form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. As an example, the release layer may be provided on the side of the diffusion layer 90 shown in Figure 18 that is opposite to the surface in contact with the shaping layer 20. In this case, the base material 72 may be in contact with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 formed by the release layer. The release layer has peelability that facilitates the peeling of the decorative laminate 10 from the base material 72 or the release layer 73. As the material for forming the release layer, for example, thermoplastic resins such as acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyurethane resin, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, and silicone resin can be used, as well as thermosetting resins, ultraviolet curing resins, and electron beam curing resins which are combinations of these thermoplastic resins and curing agents.

[0152] Although not shown in the diagram, the transfer sheet 70 may also have a release layer. The release layer of the transfer sheet 70 in Modification 1 may be the same as the release layer 73 described above, or it may be the same as the release layer 73 described above except that it does not contain particles 75.

[0153] The layer configuration of the transfer sheet 70 is not particularly limited, as long as it is configured to facilitate the peeling of the base material 72 from the decorative laminate 10. The transfer sheet 70 does not have to include a release layer. The transfer sheet 70 does not have to include a mold release layer. In the transfer sheet 70, the diffusion layer 90 may form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The base material 72 may be in contact with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 formed by the diffusion layer 90.

[0154] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 18 and the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 19 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, a flat substrate 72 is prepared, on which a diffusion layer 90 is formed on one side. At this time, the diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and light-diffusing material 96 which are particles, so that an uneven surface 94 is formed on the side of the diffusion layer 90 opposite to the side in contact with the substrate 72.

[0155] Next, the shaping layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 are formed on the diffusion layer 90 in this order. As a method for forming the shaping layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the diffusion layer 90, the method of forming the shaping layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the release layer 73 in the above embodiment can be applied. This makes it possible to manufacture the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 19, which includes the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 18.

[0156] When forming the shaping layer 20 on the diffusion layer 90, irregularities are formed on the surface of the shaping layer 20 that contacts the diffusion layer 90, according to the shape of the uneven surface 94 of the diffusion layer 90. Light incident on the diffusion layer 90 may be diffused by diffuse reflection at the interface where the shaping layer 20 contacts the uneven surface 94 of the diffusion layer 90. Although not shown in the figures, the interface where the shaping layer 20 contacts the surface of the diffusion layer 90 may be flat.

[0157] <Modification 2: Modification of the decorative laminate> The decorative laminate 10 may include a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located closer to the back surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30 and in contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30. Figure 20 shows an example of a transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 2. The diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 20 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. Figure 21 shows another example of a transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 2, different from that shown in Figure 20. The diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 21 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96. In the examples shown in Figures 20 and 21, the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 faces the back surface 12. In the examples shown in Figures 20 and 21, the decorative laminate 10 includes a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located closer to the back surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30 and in contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30.

[0158] The second brightness adjustment layer 51 forms a second reflective interface 51a where light is reflected. The second reflective interface 51a faces the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, the second reflective interface 51a reflects light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0159] In the examples shown in Figures 20 and 21, the second brightness adjustment layer 51 is located between the bonding layer 35 and the brightness adjustment layer 30. In the examples shown in Figures 20 and 21, the second brightness adjustment layer 51 also functions as a flattening layer that fills in the irregularities of the brightness adjustment layer 30. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have a filling layer 40. The bonding layer 35 does not need to also serve as the filling layer 40. In the examples shown in Figures 20 and 21, the surface of the second brightness adjustment layer 51 that contacts the bonding layer 35 is flat. As a result, the surface of the bonding layer 35 that contacts the second brightness adjustment layer 51 is flat.

[0160] The function of the second brightness adjustment layer 51 will now be explained. Depending on the material of the brightness adjustment layer 30 (reflective layer 33 in the examples shown in Figures 20 and 21), some of the light incident on the decorative laminate 10 from the front surface 11 may not be reflected at the reflective interface 27 and instead head toward the back surface 12. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 can reflect the light that would otherwise head toward the back surface 12 without being reflected at the reflective interface 27. This allows the light that would otherwise head toward the back surface 12 without being reflected at the reflective interface 27 to be used for design expression. The design expression can also be adjusted by adjusting the material of the second brightness adjustment layer 51. For example, it is possible to express an impression similar to a metal surface, i.e., a metallic feel.

[0161] The second brightness adjustment layer 51 may be, for example, a resin layer with aluminum flakes arranged on its surface. In this case, the surface of the resin layer with the aluminum flakes becomes the second reflection interface 51a. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 may also be a resin layer in which pearl pigment is dispersed. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 may also be a resin layer with ink applied to its surface. In this case, the surface of the resin layer with the ink applied becomes the second reflection interface 51a. The color of the ink applied to the surface of the resin layer may be, for example, silver. In these cases, a thermoplastic resin can be used as the material for the resin layer included in the second brightness adjustment layer 51. A curable resin may also be used as the material for the resin layer. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin may be used as the material for the resin layer.

[0162] <Modification 3: Modification of the decorated laminate> The decorative laminate 10 may include a color-applying layer 52 located between the front surface 11 and the reflective interface 27. Figure 22 shows an example of a transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3. Figure 23 shows another example of the transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3, different from Figure 22. The diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figures 22 and 23 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. Figure 24 shows another example of the transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3, different from Figures 22 and 23. Figure 25 shows another example of the transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3, different from Figures 22 to 24. The diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figures 24 and 25 contains a binder resin 95 and a light-diffusing material 96.

[0163] In the examples shown in Figures 22 to 25, the color-imparting layer 52 is located between the surface 11 and the shaping layer 20. The color-imparting layer 52 is configured to easily transmit some of the incident light and to make it difficult to transmit other light. More specifically, the color-imparting layer 52 is configured to easily transmit light of a specific wavelength and to make it difficult to transmit light of other wavelengths. As a result, the light that passes through the color-imparting layer 52 is given color. The transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 is, for example, 30% or more. Here, the transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 refers to the total light transmittance when measured using a haze meter (HM-150N, manufactured by Murakami Color Technology Laboratory Co., Ltd., compliant with JIS K7361:1997). The total light transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 may be 50% or more, or 80% or more.

[0164] The function of the color-imparting layer 52 will now be explained. The color-imparting layer 52 imparts color to light incident on the decorative laminate 10 when it travels from the front surface 11 towards the reflective interface 27, and when the light reflected at the reflective interface 27 travels towards the front surface 11. This allows for richer design expression.

[0165] The color-imparting layer 52 is, for example, a resin layer in which at least one of a pigment and a dye is dispersed. In this case, a thermoplastic resin can be used as the material for the resin layer included in the color-imparting layer 52. A curable resin may also be used as the material for the resin layer. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin may be used as the material for the resin layer. The pigment and dye to be included in the resin layer are not particularly limited as long as the color-imparting layer 52 can impart color to light. For example, the color-imparting layer 52 imparts blue color to light transmitted through the color-imparting layer 52.

[0166] The decorative laminate 10 may include both a second brightness adjustment layer 51 and a color-imparting layer 52, as shown in Figures 22 and 24. The decorative laminate 10 may also include a color-imparting layer 52 and omit the second brightness adjustment layer 51, as shown in Figures 23 and 25.

[0167] <Modification 4: Modification of the decorated laminate> In the embodiments and modifications described above, an example was given in which the diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. However, the layer configuration of the decorative laminate 10 is not limited thereto. The position of the diffusion layer 90 is not particularly limited as long as it is closer to the front surface 11 than to the reflective interface 27. Figure 26 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 4. Figure 27 is a diagram showing another example of a transfer sheet 70 comprising the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 4, different from that shown in Figure 26. In the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figures 26 and 27, the diffusion layer 90 does not form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figures 26 and 27 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96. The diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figures 26 and 27 does not also serve as a hard coat layer 91. The decorative laminate 10 shown in Figures 26 and 27 includes a hard coat layer 91 in addition to the diffusion layer 90.

[0168] In the example shown in Figure 26, the diffusion layer 90 is located between the shaping layer 20 and the hard coat layer 91. In the example shown in Figure 26, the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the shaping layer 20, the diffusion layer 90, and the hard coat layer 91 are laminated in this order along the Z direction Dz, from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. As a result, the hard coat layer 91 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0169] In the example shown in Figure 27, the decorative laminate 10 includes a color-imparting layer 52. In the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 27, the diffusion layer 90 is located between the shaping layer 20 and the color-imparting layer 52. In the example shown in Figure 27, the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the shaping layer 20, the diffusion layer 90, the color-imparting layer 52, and the hard coat layer 91 are laminated in this order along the Z direction Dz, from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. As a result, the hard coat layer 91 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0170] Although not shown in the figures, if the decorative laminate 10 includes a diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light, the diffusion layer 90 does not necessarily have to form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0171] From the viewpoint of easily adjusting the degree to which gloss is suppressed by the diffusion layer 90, it is preferable that the diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. By adjusting the degree to which gloss is suppressed in this way, a more desirable matte texture can be expressed. From the viewpoint of giving a tactile sensation to a person who touches the decorative laminate 10 with the diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92, it is also preferable that the diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0172] <Modification 5: Modification of decorative laminate> The decorative laminate 10 may include a base material 76 located closer to the surface 11 than the diffusion layer 90 and facing the diffusion layer 90. Figure 28 shows an example of the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 5. The diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96.

[0173] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28 includes a base material 76 located closer to the front surface 11 than the diffusion layer 90 and facing the diffusion layer 90. In the example shown in Figure 28, the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the shaping layer 20, the diffusion layer 90, and the base material 76 are laminated in this order along the Z direction Dz, from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. In the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28, the base material 76 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0174] The base material 76 can be the same material as the base material 72, which is the transfer base material in the above-described embodiment.

[0175] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, a flat substrate 76 is prepared with a diffusion layer 90 formed on one side. Next, a shaping layer 20, a brightness adjustment layer 30, and a bonding layer 35 are formed on the diffusion layer 90 in this order. As a method for forming the shaping layer 20, brightness adjustment layer 30, and bonding layer 35 on the diffusion layer 90, the method of forming the shaping layer 20, brightness adjustment layer 30, and bonding layer 35 on the release layer 73 in the above embodiment can be applied. This makes it possible to manufacture the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28.

[0176] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28 can be considered as using the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 19 as the decorative laminate 10 without peeling off the base material 72. In this case, the base material 76 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28 corresponds to the base material 72 of the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 19. However, in the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28, it is not necessary for the base material 76 to be easily peeled off from parts other than the base material 76 of the decorative laminate 10. Although not shown, the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 5 may be a decorative laminate 10 in which the above-mentioned transfer sheet 70, for example the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figures 9, 20 to 27, is used as the decorative laminate 10 without peeling off the base material 72, and the base material 72 of the transfer sheet 70 is used as the base material 76.

[0177] In the modified example 5, the decorative laminate 10 is equipped with a base material 76, and the base material 76 is transparent. This allows light incident on the decorative laminate 10 from the front surface 11 to reach the reflective interface 27, and the light reflected at the reflective interface 27 to be emitted from the front surface 11, without the need to peel off the base material 76.

[0178] In the modified example 5, the decorative laminate 10 equipped with a base material 76 can be attached to the molded part 65, etc., described above, without peeling off the base material 76. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the degree to which gloss is suppressed by the diffusion layer 90, it is preferable that the diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. From the viewpoint of providing a tactile sensation to a person who touches the decorative laminate 10 with the diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92, it is also preferable that the diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. From these viewpoints, it is preferable that the decorative laminate 10 does not include a base material 76.

[0179] <Modification 6: Modification of Unit Optical Element> Figure 3 shows an example in which multiple unit optical elements 13 have a regular hexagonal outer contour 23a in plan view. However, the shape of the unit optical elements 13 is not limited to this example. The outer contour 23a of multiple unit optical elements 13 may be a polygon other than a hexagon. For example, the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13 may be a polygon such as a triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, or octagon. Figure 29 shows a plan view of a shaped layer 20 having an example of unit optical elements 13 in Modification 6. For example, as shown in Figure 29, unit optical elements 13 having an octagonal outer contour 23a may be arranged in a staggered pattern. The outer contour 23a of multiple unit optical elements 13 may have a shape other than a polygon. That is, the outer contour 23a of the unit optical elements 13 may include curved parts or parts that extend in an arc shape. The outer contour 23a of the unit optical elements 13 is not particularly limited. The outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 may be, for example, a circle, a semicircle, an ellipse, a sector, a crescent, a heart, or a letter shape. Multiple unit optical elements 13 may have different shapes from each other. Multiple unit optical elements 13 may be arranged in an irregular array. Furthermore, although not shown in the figures, each unit optical element 13 may be arranged overlapping each other. Multiple unit optical elements 13 may have outer contours 23a of different shapes from each other.

[0180] Further examples of the configurations of the multiple unit optical elements 13 will be described. In the embodiments described above, examples were given in which the concave-convex structure 25 is a linear Fresnel lens or a structure having a combination of linear Fresnel lenses. However, the configuration of the concave-convex structure 25 is not limited to this. The concave-convex structure 25 may be a circular Fresnel lens. In this case, as shown in Figure 30, the shape of each tilted surface 26A in plan view may be a perfect circle or an ellipse. The direction in which the major axis of the ellipse extends (hereinafter simply referred to as the major axis direction) may differ among the multiple unit optical elements 13. For example, the major axis direction of one unit optical element 13 may be non-parallel to or perpendicular to the major axis direction of another unit optical element 13. As shown in Figure 31, in plan view, each tilted surface 26A may extend in an arc shape. In the example shown in Figure 31, the tilted surface 26A of each unit optical element 13 extends along a circle centered on the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13. As shown in Figure 32, the shaping layer 20 may include a convex and convex structure 25 formed as a linear Fresnel lens and a convex and convex structure 25 formed as a circular Fresnel lens. The multiple unit optical elements 13 may include unit optical elements 13 with different shapes of outer contours 23a.

[0181] Furthermore, another example of a unit optical element 13 in which multiple tilted surfaces 26A include multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 and multiple connecting surfaces 26B include multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1 will be described. Figure 33 is a plan view of the shaping layer 20 having another example of the unit optical element 13 in Modification 6. Figure 34 is a diagram showing a cross-section of the shaping layer 20 along the line XXXIV-XXXIV in Figure 33, together with the cross-sections of the luminance adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In Figure 33, the parts of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shaping layer 20, luminance adjustment layer 30 and filling layer 40 are not shown. The first region 234 of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 33 and 34 functions as a cone-shaped lens (axicon lens) shown in Figure 35. In the example shown in Figures 33 and 34, the multiple first tilted surfaces 26A1 are formed by dividing the side surface of a cone. The first region 234 is the region that extends from the outermost tilt surface 26Ao among the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 to the innermost tilt surface 26Ac among the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1, when viewed in the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10. The multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 are aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 which extends along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. The multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 are tilted toward the first reference line L1. In the example shown in Figures 33 and 34, the first reference line L1 coincides with the perpendicular of the cone. The perpendicular of the cone is the line drawn perpendicularly from the apex of the cone to the base.

[0182] In the examples shown in Figures 33 and 34, a unit optical element 13 in which the first region 234 functions as a straight cone-shaped lens as shown in Figure 35 has been described. However, the form of the unit optical element 13 is not limited to this. The first region 234 of the unit optical element 13 may function as an oblique cone-shaped lens as shown in Figure 36. Figure 37 is a diagram showing a cross-section of the shaping layer 20 along the line XXXVII-XXXVII in Figure 33, along with cross-sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In Figure 37, the parts of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shaping layer 20 and the filling layer 40 are not shown. The first region 234 may function as a cone-shaped lens with an elliptical base.

[0183] In the example described above, the first region 234 was shown to have a shape that functions as a conical lens. However, the shape of the first region 234 is not limited to this. The first region 234 may function as a cone-shaped lens other than a cone. For example, the first region 234 may function as a cone-shaped lens with a polygonal base, as shown in Figure 38. Figure 39 is a plan view of the shaping layer 20 having another example of the unit optical element 13 in Modification 6. The first tilting surface 26A1 may be formed as shown by the solid line in Figure 39. In this specification, the term "cone" includes not only orthogonal cones but also oblique cones.

[0184] The first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens. In this case, the first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens with the apex of a straight cone removed, as shown in Figures 40 and 41. The first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens with the apex of an oblique cone removed. Figure 41 shows cross-sections of the shaping layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the filling layer 40 when the convex-concave structure 25 is configured such that the first region 234 functions as a frustum-shaped lens. In Figure 41, the parts of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shaping layer 20 and the filling layer 40 are not shown.

[0185] As an example, the multiple first tilting surfaces 26A1 form the shape of the sides or parts of the sides of a cone or frustum at different height positions. In other words, the multiple first tilting surfaces 26A1 are configured to have a shape formed by dividing the sides of a cone or frustum. A cone whose sides or parts of the sides are formed by the multiple first tilting surfaces 26A1 is referred to as the first cone. A frustum whose sides or parts of the sides are formed by the multiple first tilting surfaces 26A1 is referred to as the first frustum. By the multiple first tilting surfaces 26A1 forming the shape of the sides or parts of the sides of the first cone or the first frustum at different height positions, the first region 234 can function as a lens in the shape of the first cone or the first frustum.

[0186] The first region 234 may function as a lens with a roughly conical or roughly frustum shape. The first region 234 may function as a lens with a shape in which a part of a cone, frustum, roughly cone, or roughly frustum is cut off in a virtual plane perpendicular to its base, as shown in Figure 42. The shape shown in Figure 42 corresponds to the shape in which a part of a cone shown in Figure 38 is cut off in a virtual plane perpendicular to its base. In this case, the first tilting surface 26A1 is formed as shown by the dashed line in Figure 39. A unit optical element 13, denoted by reference numeral 23C in Figure 39, formed to function as a lens with the shape shown in Figure 42, is referred to as an incomplete unit optical element 13C. A unit optical element 13, denoted by reference numeral 23D in Figure 39, formed to function as a lens with the shape shown in Figure 38, is referred to as a complete unit optical element 13D. The incomplete unit optical element 13C has a shape in which a part of the complete unit optical element 13D is cut off in a virtual plane parallel to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10.

[0187] Regardless of which of the shapes described above the first region 234 functions as a lens, the uneven structure 25 of the first region 234 is formed such that a plurality of first tilted surfaces 26A1 are aligned toward a first reference line L1 that extends along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10. The plurality of first tilted surfaces 26A1 are tilted toward the first reference line L1. The plurality of first tilted surfaces 26A1 form the shape of a cone, a frustum, a substantially cone, and a substantially frustum at different height positions, or a part of such a side.

[0188] Figure 41 shows the cross-sections of the shaping layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the filling layer 40 of the decorative laminate 10 when the shaping surface 20a functions as a frustum-shaped or substantially frustum-shaped lens. As shown in Figure 41, the unit optical element includes a second region 235 adjacent to the first region 234 in the direction in which the first tilting surfaces 26A1 are aligned. For example, in the second region 235, the shaping surface 20a is a flat or curved surface. In the example shown in Figure 41, the shaping surface 20a is a flat surface in the second region 235. The second region 235 may also be a spherical lens.

[0189] The second region 235 may include a plurality of second tilt surfaces 26A2 and a plurality of second connecting surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second tilt surfaces 26A2. The plurality of second tilt surfaces 26A2 may have shapes corresponding to a plurality of lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a plane perpendicular to its thickness direction. The plurality of second connecting surfaces 26B2 may have shapes corresponding to rise surfaces that connect the plurality of second tilt surfaces 26A2 corresponding to the plurality of lens surfaces. As shown in Figure 43, a Fresnel lens structure may be formed in the second region 235. In this case, the second region 235 may include a plurality of second tilt surfaces 26A2 forming the Fresnel lens structure and a plurality of second connecting surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second tilt surfaces 26A2. In the example shown in Figure 43, the Fresnel lens structure includes a second tilting surface 26A2 formed by dividing a continuous spherical lens, and a second connecting surface 26B2 connecting adjacent second tilting surfaces 26A2. In the example shown in Figure 43, the Fresnel lens structure formed in the second region 235 functions as a convex lens, but the Fresnel lens structure is not limited to this. The Fresnel lens structure may also function as a concave lens. By forming the Fresnel lens structure in the second region 235, it is possible to express a rich three-dimensionality exceeding the thickness of the shaping layer 20, as well as complex designs.

[0190] The second region 235 may have a convex-convex structure 25 that functions as a lens with a cone shape, cone shape, approximate cone shape, or approximate cone shape, which is different from the frustum shape or approximate frustum shape corresponding to the first tilt surface 26A1 of the first region 234.

[0191] As an example, the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 form the shape of the sides or parts of the sides of a cone or frustum at different height positions. In other words, the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 are configured to have a shape formed by dividing the sides of a cone or frustum. A cone whose sides or parts of the sides are formed by the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 is referred to as the second cone. A frustum whose sides or parts of the sides are formed by the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 is referred to as the second frustum. By the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 forming the shape of the sides or parts of the sides of the second cone or second frustum at different height positions, the second region 235 can function as a lens in the shape of the second cone or the second frustum.

[0192] For example, the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 form the shapes of the sides or parts of the sides of the first frustum at different height positions. The multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 form the shapes of the sides or parts of the sides of the second cone or second frustum at different height positions. In this case, the shape of the base of the first frustum and the shape of the base of the second cone or second frustum may be different from each other. For example, in the example shown by the dashed line in Figure 39, the first region 234 is formed to function as a lens in the shape of a frustum (first frustum) with a hexagonal base. The second region 235 is formed to function as a lens in the shape of a cone, i.e., a cone (second cone), with a circular base. In this case, the multiple first tilt surfaces 26A1 may form the shape of the sides of the first frustum at different height positions, and the multiple second tilt surfaces 26A2 may form the shape of the sides of the second cone or frustum at different height positions. In the unit optical element 13 shown by the dashed line in Figure 39, the first region 234 surrounds the second region 235 in a plan view.

[0193] Figure 44 shows a cross-section of the shaping layer 20 along the XLIV-XLIV line in Figure 39, along with cross-sections of the luminance adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In the example shown in Figure 44, the second region 235 has a convex / concave structure 25 that has a different function from the first tilted surface 26A1 of the first region 234. The second region 235 has a convex / concave structure 25 that functions as, for example, a cone-shaped, frustum-shaped, approximately cone-shaped, or approximately frustum-shaped lens. In this case, the second tilted surface 26A2 may be aligned toward the second reference line L2 extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz). The second tilted surface 26A2 may be tilted toward the second reference line L2. In the example shown in Figure 44, the position of the second reference line L2 when the decorative laminate 10 is viewed from above is fixed at a single point. In the illustrated example, the second reference line L2 coincides with the perpendicular of the cone, which is the second cone. The second reference line L2 may or may not coincide with the first reference line L1.

[0194] Further examples of the configuration of the multiple unit optical elements 13 will be described. For example, as shown in Figures 45 and 46, the unit optical elements 13 having a square outer contour 23a may be arranged in a square. The multiple tilted surfaces 26A of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figure 45 can be considered to be aligned in the direction toward the first reference line L1 shown in Figure 45 and tilted toward the first reference line L1. The multiple tilted surfaces 26A of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figure 46 can be considered to be aligned in the direction toward the first reference line L1 shown in Figure 46 and tilted toward the first reference line L1. In the example shown in Figure 45, the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 is a linear Fresnel lens. Figure 47 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the cross section of the shaping layer 20 shown in Figure 46 along the line XLVII-XLVII, together with the cross sections of the luminance adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In Figure 47, the parts of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shaping layer 20 and the filling layer 40 are not shown. As shown in Figure 47, the inclined surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B that are adjacent to each other and included in the uneven structure 25 are connected at the boundary 26C. When the unit optical elements 13 having a rectangular outer contour 23a are arranged in a square, in a plan view of one unit optical element 13, the inclined surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B are arranged such that the boundary 26C included in that unit optical element 13 extends in one direction. In a plan view of one unit optical element 13, the boundaries 26C between the inclined surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B all extend in one direction. In this case, the direction in which the boundary 26C extends in a plan view of one of the multiple unit optical elements 13 may be different from the direction in which the boundary 26C extends in another plan view of the multiple unit optical elements 13.

[0195] The case in which the decorative laminate 10 has a plurality of unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figures 46 and 47 will be further explained. In the example shown in Figure 47, the plurality of tilted surfaces 26A included in one of the unit optical elements 13 are mutually parallel flat surfaces. The plurality of connecting surfaces 26B included in one of the unit optical elements 13 are mutually parallel flat surfaces. As shown in Figure 47, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 in one of the unit optical elements 13 and the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 in another of the unit optical elements 13 may be different. The height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in one of the unit optical elements 13 and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in another of the unit optical elements 13 may be different.

[0196] In a plan view of one unit optical element 13, the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 are adjusted for each unit optical element 13. As an example, by providing multiple unit optical elements 13, it may be required to display a pseudo-three-dimensional shape in a region where multiple unit optical elements 13 are provided. In this case, the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 may be adjusted for each unit optical element 13 according to the three-dimensional shape to be displayed. In this case, by adjusting the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25, a pseudo-desired three-dimensional shape can be displayed. As an example, it is assumed that when light is shone on the three-dimensional shape to be displayed, a specific shadow is produced on the three-dimensional shape depending on the direction of light irradiation. In this case, the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 are adjusted so that a specific shadow is produced when light is shone on the region where multiple unit optical elements 13 are provided. This makes it possible to display a pseudo-three-dimensional shape by displaying the shadow of the desired three-dimensional shape.

[0197] <Modification 7: Modification of the brightness adjustment layer> In the embodiments and modifications described above, an example was given in which the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a reflective layer 33. However, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is not limited to this. The brightness adjustment layer 30 may also be a refractive index modulation layer 34. The refractive index modulation layer 34 is a layer whose refractive index is different from that of the shaping layer 20. Figure 48 shows a decorative laminate 10 of Modification 7. In the example shown in Figure 48, the uneven structure 25 of the shaping layer 20 is covered by the refractive index modulation layer 34. In this case, a reflective interface 27 is formed between the shaping layer 20 and the refractive index modulation layer 34, and the reflectivity of light on the shaping surface 20a can be improved. This makes it possible to adjust the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10.

[0198] The refractive index modulation layer 34 can be formed by vapor deposition or coating of a high refractive index material (e.g., metal oxide, metal sulfide, or metal nitride). The refractive index modulation layer 34 may also be a transparent vapor-deposited layer. As the high refractive index material for forming the refractive index modulation layer 34, any of titanium oxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide (ZnS), barium titanate, silicon oxide (SiO2), or a combination thereof can be used. The refractive index modulation layer 34 may also be a transparent vapor-deposited layer. By forming the refractive index modulation layer 34 with such a material, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be improved. As described above, whether the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a reflective layer 33 or a refractive index modulation layer 34, the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be a vapor-deposited film.

[0199] When the refractive index modulation layer 34 is formed by coating with a high refractive index material, the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be formed by, for example, the following method: Prepare an ink containing high refractive index particles with an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less, formed from a high refractive index material, and coat the shaping surface 20a with this ink. This will form the refractive index modulation layer 34. As such an ink containing high refractive index particles, for example, a zirconium oxide dispersion (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., SZR series (product name)) can be used. The ink may or may not contain a binder resin. As the binder resin, ultraviolet curable resins and ionizing radiation curable resins can be used. Ionizing radiation curable resins are, for example, electron beam curable resins. The refractive index modulation layer 34 containing an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin as a binder resin is flexible and stretchable. Therefore, when the decorative laminate 10 is curved or stretched along the surface of the molded part 65, the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be curved or stretched as desired. In other words, the refractive index modulation layer 34 reduces the risk of the decorative laminate 10 being hindered from bending or stretching.

[0200] When the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a refractive index modulation layer 34, the rise angle θB of the connection surface 26B of the uneven structure 25 may be greater than 0°. The rise angle θB of the connection surface 26B may be 15° or more. This makes it easy to deposit the refractive index modulation layer 34 on the connection surface 26B.

[0201] The refractive index modulation layer 34 may be formed as a thin film-like layer, similar to the reflective layer 33 shown in Figure 4. In this case, the thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be thinner than the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in the unit optical element 13. The thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be half or less of the height H25, 25% or less of the height H25, or 10% or less of the height H25. A refractive index modulation layer 34 of such thickness will not fill the unevenness of the shaped surface 20a, but will form unevenness on the side opposite to the side facing the shaped surface 20a that corresponds to the unevenness of the shaped surface 20a. Although not shown, the refractive index modulation layer 34 may fill the unevenness of the shaped surface 20a. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 may not have a filling layer 40.

[0202] The thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 is preferably such that the reflectivity of the reflective interface 27 formed by the refractive index modulation layer 34 is sufficiently large. The thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be, for example, 0.005 μm or more. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 20 μm or less. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 0.005 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

[0203] <Modification 8: Modification of the brightness adjustment layer> In the embodiments and modifications described above, examples were given in which the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a reflective layer 33 or a refractive index modulation layer 34. However, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is not limited to these. The brightness adjustment layer 30 may also be a colored layer 36. The colored layer 36 absorbs a portion of the light incident on the decorative laminate 10, thereby adjusting the reflectivity of visible light at the reflective interface between the shaped surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30. Furthermore, the colored layer 36 can impart a desired color to the decorative laminate 10. Figure 49 shows the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 8. As the material constituting the colored layer 36, a mixture of pigments or dyes in resin can be used. The colored layer 36 may further contain additives such as ultraviolet absorbers or light stabilizers.

[0204] The resin contained in the colored layer 36 may be, for example, a non-UV curing acrylic resin. Acrylic resins are, for example, polymers of (meth)acrylate compounds. The polymer may be a homopolymer or copolymer of (meth)acrylate compounds. Examples of (meth)acrylate compounds include alkyl (meth)acrylates such as methyl (meth)acrylate and ethyl (meth)acrylate, cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates such as cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, aromatic (meth)acrylates such as phenyl (meth)acrylate, and hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, and hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is preferred as the acrylic resin. In this specification, the term "(meth)acrylate compound" means either or both of "acrylate compound" and / or "methacrylate compound."

[0205] The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 10,000 or more, or 50,000 or more, from the viewpoint of durability such as heat resistance and abrasion resistance. From the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion, the Mw of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 100,000 or less, or 80,000 or less. In this specification, Mw refers to the value measured by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard substance, and is measured by a method compliant with JIS K 7252-3:2016.

[0206] The glass transition temperature (Tg) of acrylic resin may be, for example, 70°C or higher, or 85°C or higher, from the viewpoint of durability such as heat resistance and abrasion resistance. From the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion, the Tg of acrylic resin may be, for example, 110°C or lower, or 100°C or lower. Therefore, the Tg of acrylic resin may be between 70°C and 110°C. In this specification, Tg is the glass transition temperature obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in accordance with JIS K 7121:2012.

[0207] The resin contained in the colored layer 36 may be a cured product of an acrylic thermosetting resin. The cured product is formed, for example, from an acrylic thermosetting resin and a curing agent. Examples of acrylic thermosetting resins include acrylic polyols having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule. Examples of acrylic polyols include polymers of (meth)acrylate compounds using at least a hydroxyl group-containing monomer such as hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate as a raw material monomer. Examples of curing agents include isocyanate compounds.

[0208] When the colored layer 36 is colored black, the colored layer 36 typically contains a black pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a black dye instead of a black pigment, or it may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of black pigments that can be included in the colored layer 36 include carbon black, titanium black, composite metal oxides, and perylene black. Examples of black dyes that can be included in the colored layer 36 include azo black dyes and nigrosine black dyes.

[0209] When the colored layer 36 is colored blue, the colored layer 36 typically contains a blue pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a blue dye instead of a blue pigment, or it may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of blue pigments that can be included in the colored layer 36 include copper phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, cobalt blue, and composite metal oxides. Examples of blue dyes that can be included in the colored layer 36 include methine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, triarylmethane dyes, and phthalocyanine dyes.

[0210] When the colored layer 36 is colored red, the colored layer 36 typically contains a red pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a red dye instead of a red pigment, or it may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of red pigments that can be included in the colored layer 36 include diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, perylene pigments, complex metal oxides, and iron oxides. Examples of red dyes that can be included in the colored layer 36 include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and perinone dyes.

[0211] When the colored layer 36 is colored yellow, the colored layer 36 typically contains a yellow pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a yellow dye instead of a yellow pigment, or it may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of yellow pigments that can be included in the colored layer 36 include isoindoline pigments, anthraquinone pigments, condensed azo pigments, complex metal oxides, and iron oxides. Examples of yellow dyes that can be included in the colored layer 36 include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, methine dyes, quinophthalone dyes, and pyrazolone dyes.

[0212] When the colored layer 36 is colored green, the colored layer 36 typically contains a green pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a green dye instead of a green pigment, or it may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of green pigments that can be used in the colored layer 36 include phthalocyanine-based pigments and isoindoline-based pigments. Examples of green dyes that can be used in the colored layer 36 include triphenylmethane-based basic dyes and phthalocyanine-based dyes.

[0213] When the colored layer 36 is colored purple, the colored layer 36 typically contains a purple pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a purple dye instead of a purple pigment, or it may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of purple pigments that can be included in the colored layer 36 include quinacridone-based pigments and dioxazine-based pigments. Examples of purple dyes that can be included in the colored layer 36 include azo dyes, anthraquinone-based dyes, azine-based dyes, and quinoline-based dyes.

[0214] When the colored layer 36 is colored reddish-purple, the colored layer 36 typically contains a magenta pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a magenta dye instead of a magenta pigment, or it may contain both a pigment and a dye. As the magenta pigment contained in the colored layer 36, for example, a quinacridone-based pigment can be used. As the magenta dye contained in the colored layer 36, for example, a crimson or anthraquinone-based dye can be used.

[0215] Furthermore, the colored layer 36 may contain not only the pigments and dyes mentioned above, but also toning pigments and toning dyes. For example, when coloring the colored layer 36 black, if the black pigment or black dye has a reddish tint, the colored layer 36 may further contain the blue pigment or blue dye mentioned above as a toning pigment or toning dye. In this case, various coloring pigments can be used as toning pigments, such as the blue pigment, as well as the red pigment, yellow pigment, green pigment, magenta pigment, and purple pigment mentioned above. Also, in this case, various dyes can be used as toning dyes, such as the blue dye, as well as the red dye, green dye, magenta dye, yellow dye, and purple dye mentioned above.

[0216] Alternatively, the colored layer 36 may be black in color due to the inclusion of pigments and dyes of each of the aforementioned colors other than black pigment and black dye.

[0217] Such a colored layer 36 is produced by applying its liquid precursor material to the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 and curing it. The precursor material of the colored layer 36 includes the resin and pigment or dye contained in the colored layer 36 described above.

[0218] In the example shown in Figure 49, the colored layer 36 fills in the irregularities of the shaped surface 20a. That is, the brightness adjustment layer 30, which is the colored layer 36, also functions as a flattening layer that fills in the irregularities of the shaped surface 20a. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have a filling layer 40. The bonding layer 35 does not need to also serve as the filling layer 40. In the example shown in Figure 49, the surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 that contacts the bonding layer 35 is flat. As a result, the surface of the bonding layer 35 that contacts the brightness adjustment layer 30 is flat.

[0219] Such a colored layer 36 is produced by applying its liquid precursor material to the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 and curing it. The precursor material of the colored layer 36 includes the resin and pigment or dye contained in the colored layer 36 described above.

[0220] The total light transmittance of at least some of the multiple unit adjustment elements 41 may differ from the total light transmittance of the other unit adjustment elements 41. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express complex designs.

[0221] The thickness of the colored layer 36 is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 500 μm or less.

[0222] <Modification 9: Modification of decorative member> The decorative member 3 can take any shape. In other words, the shape of the molded part 65 to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied can be any shape. For example, as shown in Figure 50, the decorative member 3 may include a curved surface 68. More specifically, the molded part 65 may include a curved surface 68 corresponding to the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3, and the decorative laminate 10 may cover the curved surface 68 of the molded part 65. By covering the curved surface 68 with the decorative laminate 10, an observer observing the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3 can grasp the change in the optical effect of the decorative laminate 10 in response to a change in the angle of incidence of light on the decorative laminate 10 without moving the decorative member 3. In other words, on the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3, the angle of incidence of light on the decorative laminate 10 differs depending on the location. Therefore, an observer observing the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3 can perceive the movement of reflected light from the decorative laminate 10 simply by moving their line of sight, just as they would when observing a flat decorative laminate 10 while changing its inclination. From the viewpoint of effectively grasping the above-mentioned changes in the optical effect of the decorative laminate 10, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the decorative member 3 (and therefore the curved surface of the molded part 65) is preferably 250 mm or less, and more preferably 100 mm or less.

[0223] According to the embodiment or modified thereof described above, the decorative laminate 10 has a front surface 11 and a back surface 12 facing the front surface 11, and comprises a shaping layer 20 and a diffusion layer 90 located closer to the front surface 11 than the shaping layer 20 and facing the shaping layer 20. The shaping layer 20 has a shaping surface 20a on which an uneven structure 25 is formed. The decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13 that reflects, refracts and / or diffracts incident light according to the uneven structure 25. In the unit optical element 13, the shaping surface 20a includes a plurality of tilted surfaces 26A that are aligned toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 and tilted toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B that connect adjacent tilted surfaces 26A, forming a reflective interface 27 on which light is reflected. The angle of the tilted surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn is greater than the angle of the connecting surface 26B connected to the tilted surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn. The diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light. The ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, is between 2 and 30. This makes it possible to provide a decorative laminate 10 and decorative member 3 that have a three-dimensional feel and express a matte texture.

[0224] In the embodiment or its modified form described above, the plurality of tilting surfaces 26A are lens surfaces, and the plurality of connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. This allows the unit optical element 13 to function as a lens. Therefore, in the region where the decorative laminate 10 has the unit optical element 13, a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 can be expressed.

[0225] In the embodiment or modified thereof described above, the diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96 dispersed in the binder resin 95. As a result, the diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light, allowing the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.

[0226] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the diffusion layer 90 has a concavo-convex surface 92 that diffuses the incident light. By diffusing the incident light with the diffusion layer 90, the decorative laminate 10 can express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.

[0227] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative laminate 10 includes a luminance adjustment layer 30 that covers the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20. By adjusting the luminance of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10, a rich design with a sense of luxury can be more effectively imparted to the decorative laminate 10.

[0228] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the luminance adjustment layer 30 is a vapor deposition film. According to the decorative laminate 10 of the embodiment or its modification described above, the vapor deposition film can be firmly adhered to the shaping surface 20a. According to the decorative laminate 10 of the embodiment or its modification described above, by using the vapor deposition film as the luminance adjustment layer 30, the luminance of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10 can be adjusted.

[0229] According to the embodiment or its modification described above, the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 faces the back surface 12. In the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative laminate 10 is located closer to the back surface 12 than the luminance adjustment layer 30 and contacts the luminance adjustment layer 30, and includes a second luminance adjustment layer 51 that forms a second reflection interface 51a where light is reflected. Thereby, the light that is not reflected at the reflection interface 27 and travels toward the back surface 12 can be utilized for design expression.

[0230] According to the embodiment or its modification described above, the plurality of connection surfaces 26B form an angle with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. By forming an angle with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10, the shaping surface 20a and other layers can be firmly adhered to each other. Further, the unit shaping element 23 corresponding to the unit optical element 13 has a shape that is easy to shape.

[0231] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative laminate 10 includes a base material 76 that is located closer to the front surface 11 than the diffusion layer 90 and faces the diffusion layer 90. Such a decorative laminate 10 can be attached to the molding portion 65 or the like without peeling the base material 76.

[0232] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the transfer sheet 70 includes the above-described decorative laminate 10 and a transfer base material 72 that faces the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. According to such a transfer sheet 70, a design expression that has never existed in the past can be realized.

[0233] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative member 3 includes the molding portion 65 and the above-described decorative laminate 10. According to such a decorative member 3, a design expression that has never existed in the past can be realized.

[0234] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the moving body 1 includes the above-described decorative laminate 10. According to such a moving body 1, a design expression that has never existed in the past can be realized.

Example

[0235] Next, specific examples of the above embodiment and each modification will be described.

[0236] <Example 1> A flat base material 72 having a release layer 73 formed on one surface was prepared. As the release layer 73, one containing a resin 74 and particles 75 diffused in the resin 74 was used. The resin 74 contained in the release layer 73 was acrylic polyol. The particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 were melamine particles. Due to the release layer 73 containing the resin 74 and the particles 75, irregularities were formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73.

[0237] Next, as shown in Figure 11, a precursor material layer 93 for the diffusion layer 90 was formed on the release layer 73. As a result, the surface of layer 93 that contacts the release layer 73 was made uneven, corresponding to the shape of the irregularities formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73. This formed a diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92. The material of the diffusion layer 90 was acrylic resin. In other words, the material of the precursor material layer 93 for the diffusion layer 90 was selected so that a diffusion layer 90 made of acrylic resin would be formed.

[0238] Next, as shown in Figure 12, a precursor material layer 29 for the shaping layer 20 was formed on the diffusion layer 90. Then, as shown in Figure 13, the shaping mold 100 was pressed against the layer 29 to shape it. The shaping mold 100 had irregularities corresponding to the irregular structure 25. Next, the layer 29 was irradiated with ultraviolet light to harden it. This produced a shaping layer 20 with the irregular structure 25 formed on the shaping surface 20a. After that, the shaping mold 100 was removed from the shaping layer 20.

[0239] Next, a refractive index modulation layer 34 was formed as a brightness adjustment layer 30 so as to cover the shaped surface 20a of the shaped layer 20. In Example 1, a titanium oxide (TiO2) vapor-deposited film was formed on the shaped surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34. The formation of the brightness adjustment layer 30 created a reflection interface 27 between the shaped surface 20a of the shaped layer 20 and the brightness adjustment layer 30. The shaped surface 20a forming the reflection interface 27 included a plurality of tilted surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B in the plurality of unit optical elements 13. The uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 had a structure that combined linear Fresnel lenses, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The plurality of unit optical elements 13 had a regular hexagonal outer contour 23a in plan view, as shown in Figure 3.

[0240] After forming a refractive index modulation layer 34 as a brightness adjustment layer 30, a bonding layer 35 (filling layer 40) was formed on the brightness adjustment layer 30. This produced a transfer sheet 70 having the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 48.

[0241] <Example 2> As Example 2, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 2, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 1. As a result, it is thought that the diffusion layer 90 in Example 2 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11 than Example 1, forming an uneven surface 92.

[0242] <Example 3> As Example 3, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 3, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was double the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 1. As a result, it is believed that the diffusion layer 90 in Example 3 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11, forming an uneven surface 92 compared to Examples 1 and 2.

[0243] <Example 4> As Example 4, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 4, a zinc sulfide (ZnS) vapor-deposited film was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34.

[0244] <Example 5> As Example 5, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except for the points described below. In Example 5, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 4. As a result, it is thought that the diffusion layer 90 in Example 5 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11 than in Example 4, forming an uneven surface 92.

[0245] <Example 6> As Example 6, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except for the points described below. In Example 6, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was double the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 4. As a result, it is believed that the diffusion layer 90 in Example 6 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11 than Examples 4 and 5, forming an uneven surface 92.

[0246] <Example 7> As Example 7, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 7, a decorative laminate 10 comprising a reflective layer 33 as a brightness adjustment layer 30 was manufactured as shown in Figure 4. As the reflective layer 33, an aluminum (Al) vapor-deposited film was formed on the shaping surface 20a.

[0247] <Example 8> As Example 8, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 7, except for the points described below. In Example 8, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 7. As a result, it is thought that the diffusion layer 90 in Example 8 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11, forming an uneven surface 92 compared to Example 7.

[0248] <Example 9> As Example 9, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 7, except for the points described below. In Example 9, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was double the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 7. As a result, it is believed that the diffusion layer 90 of Example 9 has a more pronounced light-diffusing effect and a greater effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11 than Examples 7 and 8, forming an uneven surface 92.

[0249] <Example 10> As Example 10, a transfer sheet 70 provided with a decorative laminate 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 10, a decorative laminate 10 having a second brightness adjustment layer 51 positioned between a bonding layer 35 and a brightness adjustment layer 30, as shown in FIG. 20, was manufactured. As the second brightness adjustment layer 51, a coating obtained by dispersing aluminum pigment in an acrylic resin was used. In Example 10, as the refractive index modulation layer 34, a vapor deposition film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20a.

[0250] <Example 11> As Example 11, a transfer sheet 70 provided with a decorative laminate 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10, except for the points described below. In Example 11, the amount of the particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of the particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 10. As a result, it is considered that the diffusion layer 90 of Example 11 has a stronger effect of diffusing light and forms an uneven surface 92 with a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front surface 11 than in Example 10.

[0251] <Example 12> As Example 12, a transfer sheet 70 provided with a decorative laminate 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10, except for the points described below. In Example 12, the amount of the particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 2 times the amount of the particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 10. As a result, it is considered that the diffusion layer 90 of Example 12 has a stronger effect of diffusing light and forms an uneven surface 92 with a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front surface 11 than in Example 10 and Example 11.

[0252] <Example 13> As Example 13, a transfer sheet 70 provided with a decorative laminate 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 13, a decorative laminate 10 having a colored layer 36 as the brightness adjustment layer 30, as shown in FIG. 49, was manufactured. As the colored layer 36, a mixture of carbon black as a pigment in an acrylic resin which is a resin was used.

[0253] <Example 14> As Example 14, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 13, except for the points described below. In Example 14, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 13. As a result, it is thought that the diffusion layer 90 in Example 14 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11 than in Example 13, forming an uneven surface 92.

[0254] <Comparative Example 1> As Comparative Example 1, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 1, a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have a surface with irregularities and did not function as a diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light, as shown in Figure 7C.

[0255] <Comparative Example 2> As Comparative Example 2, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 2, a decorative laminate was manufactured in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have a surface with irregularities and did not function as a diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. In Comparative Example 2, a vapor-deposited film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34. In Comparative Example 2, a decorative laminate comprising a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located between the bonding layer 35 and the brightness adjustment layer 30 was manufactured. As the second brightness adjustment layer 51, an ink in which aluminum pigment was dispersed in acrylic resin was applied.

[0256] <Comparative Example 3> As Comparative Example 3, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 3, a decorative laminate was manufactured in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have a surface with irregularities and did not function as a diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. In Comparative Example 3, a decorative laminate comprising a colored layer 36 as a brightness adjustment layer 30 was manufactured. As the colored layer 36, a mixture of carbon black as a pigment in an acrylic resin was used.

[0257] <Comparative Example 4> As Comparative Example 4, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 13, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 4, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 13. As a result, it is considered that the diffusion layer 90 of Comparative Example 4 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11 than Examples 13 and 14, forming an uneven surface 92.

[0258] <Comparative Example 5> As Comparative Example 5, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 5, a decorative laminate was manufactured in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have a surface with irregularities and therefore did not function as a diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. In Comparative Example 5, the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 was made flat without forming an irregular structure 25. As a result, the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 5 did not have a unit optical element 13. In Comparative Example 5, a brightness adjustment layer 30 was not provided in the decorative laminate. In Comparative Example 5, a second brightness adjustment layer 51 was provided between the bonding layer 35 and the shaping layer 20. As the second brightness adjustment layer 51, an ink in which aluminum pigment was dispersed in acrylic resin was applied. That is, in the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 5, the bonding layer 35, the second brightness adjustment layer 51, the shaping layer 20, and the hard coat layer 91 were laminated in this order from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11.

[0259] <Comparative Example 6> As Comparative Example 6, a transfer sheet 70 comprising a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 6, no uneven structure 25 was formed on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20, and the shaping surface 20a was made flat. As a result, the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 6 did not have a unit optical element 13. In Comparative Example 6, a brightness adjustment layer 30 was not provided in the decorative laminate. In Comparative Example 6, a second brightness adjustment layer 51 was provided between the bonding layer 35 and the shaping layer 20. As the second brightness adjustment layer 51, an ink in which aluminum pigment was dispersed in acrylic resin was applied. That is, in the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 6, the bonding layer 35, the second brightness adjustment layer 51, the shaping layer 20, and the diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) were laminated in this order from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11.

[0260] <Comparative Example 7> As Comparative Example 7, a transfer sheet 70 equipped with a decorative laminate 10 was prepared using the same method as in Comparative Example 6, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 7, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Comparative Example 6. As a result, it is considered that the diffusion layer 90 of Comparative Example 7 has a more strongly light-diffusing effect and a more pronounced effect in reducing gloss on the surface 11 than Comparative Example 6, forming an uneven surface 92. <Fabrication of decorative components>

[0261] Using the transfer sheets 70 having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 obtained, decorative members 3 were manufactured by in-mold molding, in which the decorative laminate 10 was transferred to a molded portion 65 as shown in Figure 2. Specifically, the decorative member 3 was manufactured by the following method. First, the transfer sheet 70 was placed in a mold for molding the molded portion 65. Next, molten resin was introduced between the back surface 12 on the transfer sheet 70 (i.e., the bonding layer 35) and the inner surface of the mold, and the resin was solidified in the mold. As a result, the molded portion 65 bonded to the transfer sheet 70 was molded in the mold. After that, the base material 72 was peeled off from the decorative laminate 10. Thus, the decorative member 3 was manufactured. In other words, a decorative laminate 10 was manufactured in a state where it was bonded to the molded portion 65 by the bonding layer 35. The manufactured decorative member 3 comprised a molded portion 65 and a decorative laminate 10, as shown in Figure 4, which was joined to the molded portion 65 such that the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10 and the front surface 66 of the molded portion 65 faced each other.

[0262] Regarding the decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 obtained, the specular gloss was measured, the ratio G(85) / G(20) was calculated, and the total light reflectance (R) was measured. SCI Measurements of the properties of the laminated material and sensory evaluation of the design expressed by the laminated material were performed. Details are shown below.

[0263] <Specular gloss> For the decorative members having the decorative laminates of each example and each comparative example, specular gloss was measured as specular gloss G(20), specular gloss G(60), and specular gloss G(85). Specular gloss G(20) was measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 20°. Specular gloss G(60) was measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 60°. Specular gloss G(85) was measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 85°.

[0264] The specular gloss was measured using the following method. A RhopointIQ-S manufactured by Konica Minolta was used as the specular gloss measuring device. The measurement environment for specular gloss was set to a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 5%. The samples to be measured, i.e., the decorative members having the decorative laminates of each example and each comparative example, were placed in the measurement environment for 16 hours before the start of measurement. Before measuring the specular gloss, the light source of the measuring device was turned on for 15 minutes to stabilize the output of the light source.

[0265] When measuring the specular gloss, the back surface 12 of the decorative member having the decorative laminate was covered with black adhesive tape. Specifically, the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate was covered with black adhesive tape by adhering black adhesive tape to the back surface 3b of the decorative member having the decorative laminate. Then, with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 as the incident surface, specular gloss G(20), specular gloss G(60), and specular gloss G(85) were measured.

[0266] From the specular gloss values ​​G(20) and G(85) measured by the specular gloss measurement described above, the ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of specular gloss G(85) to specular gloss G(20), was calculated.

[0267] <Total light reflectance (R SCI )> Regarding the decorative member having the decorative laminate of each example and each comparative example, the total light reflectance (R) of the front surface 11 SCI The total light reflectance (R) of the front surface 11 was measured. SCI The total light reflectance (R) was measured under geometric condition c in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. SCI As a result, the reflectance Y value (Y of the tristimulus value XYZ) was measured using a spectrophotometer in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 and the SCI method. Total light reflectance (R SCI The measurement of total light reflectance (R) was performed using a spectrophotometer (model CM-700d) manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc. During the measurement, the measurement conditions, observation conditions, and measurement diameter / illumination diameter were set as follows. SCIThe measurement was performed by pressing a spectrophotometer vertically against the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, which was placed on a flat surface. The measurement wavelength range of this spectrophotometer was 400 nm to 700 nm, and the measurement wavelength interval was 10 nm. <Measurement conditions> • Mode (Specular Reflection Processing Mode): I+E (SCI+SCE) <Observation conditions> ·Color system: Yxy • Field of view: 10° field of view ·Main light source: D65 <Measurement diameter / Illumination diameter> The target mask can be changed and the lens position switched to set it to either Φ3mm / Φ6mm or Φ8mm / Φ11mm.

[0268] The measurement diameter / illumination diameter was selected according to the dimensions of the unit optical element 13. Here, the illumination diameter is the diameter of the illumination area of ​​the spectrophotometer, and the measurement diameter is the diameter of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer (see Figure 8).

[0269] When the center of the measurement area C is aligned with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is selected such that at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 is contained within the measurement area C, and the total light reflectance (R SCI The setting was changed. The smallest measuring diameter was selected from the available measuring diameters.

[0270] Next, as shown in Figure 8, in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, the position of the measurement area C relative to the unit optical element 13 is determined such that the center of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer coincides with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, and the total light reflectance (R SCI ) was measured.

[0271] <Sensory evaluation of design> For each example and comparative example, a sensory evaluation of the design expressed was performed on the decorative member having a decorative laminate. In the sensory evaluation of the design, the decorative member having a decorative laminate was attached to the wall of a room with normal, typical lighting conditions, with the front surface 11 facing the center of the room. The subjects were then asked to observe the decorative member from a position 30 cm away from the front surface 11 in the Y direction Dy and evaluate the design expressed by the decorative member having a decorative laminate.

[0272] In having the subjects evaluate the designs, they were asked to evaluate which of the following A, B, C, or D best represented the design expressed by the decorative member having a decorative laminate. A: The three-dimensional effect was clearly expressed, and the matte texture was also clearly conveyed. B: The three-dimensional effect was clearly expressed, and the matte texture was well-defined, although a slight sheen was visible on the front surface 11. C: While a sense of depth was present, the sense of depth was not entirely clear. D: The sense of depth was not conveyed.

[0273] Measurement of specular gloss, calculation of ratio G(85) / G(20), and total light reflectance (R) for decorative members having decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7. SCI The results of the measurement of the decorative laminate and the sensory evaluation of the design expressed by the decorative member are shown in Table 1.

[0274] [Table 1]

[0275] As shown in Table 1, the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14, which comprise a diffusion layer 90 and a unit optical element 13, and have a ratio G(85) / G(20) between 2 and 30, were evaluated as either "A", "B", or "C" in the sensory evaluation of the design. On the other hand, the decorative laminates of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, which lack a diffusion layer 90, did not have a ratio G(85) / G(20) between 2 and 30, and were evaluated as "D" in the sensory evaluation of the design. The decorative laminates of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, which lack a unit optical element 13, did not have a ratio G(85) / G(20) between 2 and 30, and were evaluated as "D" in the sensory evaluation of the design. Furthermore, the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 4, which had a ratio G(85) / G(20) greater than 30, was evaluated as "D" in the sensory evaluation of the design.

[0276] As shown in Table 1, the total light reflectance (R SCI The decorative members having decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 12, in which the total light reflectance (R) is 10% or more, were evaluated as either "A" or "B" in the sensory evaluation of the design. On the other hand, the total light reflectance (R) SCI The decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 13 and 14, in which the ratio was less than 10%, were rated "C" in the sensory evaluation of the design.

[0277] As shown in Table 1, the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 6, 8, 9 and 12, which have a specular gloss G(60) of 60 or less and a ratio G(85) / G(20) greater than 3, were evaluated as "A" in the sensory evaluation of the design. On the other hand, the decorative laminates of Examples 7, 10 and 11, which have a specular gloss G(60) greater than 60 or a ratio G(85) / G(20) of 3 or less, were evaluated as "B" in the sensory evaluation of the design.

[0278] While one embodiment and its variations have been described with reference to specific examples, these examples are not intended to limit the embodiment and its variations. The above-described embodiment and its variations can be implemented in various other examples, and various omissions, substitutions, changes, and additions can be made without departing from the gist of the embodiment. [Explanation of symbols]

[0279] 1: Moving body, 3: Decorative member, 5: Sensor, 10: Decorative laminate, 11: Front side surface, 12: Back side surface, 13: Unit optical element, 20: Shaping layer, 20a: Shaping surface, 20b: Unshaping surface, 23: Unit shaping element, 234: First region, 235: Second region, 24: Gap region, 25: Uneven structure, 26A: Inclined surface, 26B: Connecting surface, 27: Reflective interface, 30: Brightness adjustment layer, 35: Bonding layer, 40: Filling layer, 51: Second brightness adjustment layer, 51a: Second reflective interface, 52: Color-applying layer, 65: Molded part, 70: Transfer sheet, 72: Substrate, 73: Release layer, 74: Resin, 75: Particles, 76: Substrate, 90: Diffusion layer, 91: Hard coat layer, 92: Uneven surface, 95: Binder resin, 96: Light diffusing material

Claims

[Claim 1] A decorative laminate having a front surface and a back surface facing the front surface, and comprising a shaping layer and a diffusion layer located closer to the front surface than the shaping layer and facing the shaping layer, The shaping layer has a shaping surface on which an uneven structure is formed, The decorative laminate has at least one unit optical element that reflects, refracts, and / or diffracts incident light according to the uneven structure, In the unit optical element, the shaping surface includes a plurality of tilted surfaces that are aligned toward a reference line extending along the normal direction of the decorative laminate and tilted toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces that connect adjacent tilted surfaces. The angle of the tilted surface with respect to the normal direction is greater than the angle of the connecting surface connected to the tilted surface with respect to the normal direction. The aforementioned diffusion layer diffuses the incident light, A decorative laminate in which the ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front surface of the decorative laminate to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front surface of the decorative laminate, is 2 or more and 30 or less.

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