Modular system for carbon dioxide separation, storage, and transport

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cement plant comprising a carbon dioxide separation device (20) for separating carbon dioxide from off-gas, the cement plant comprising a carbon dioxide storage system (30), the carbon dioxide separation device (20) being connected to the carbon dioxide storage system (30) for transporting the separated carbon dioxide, the cement plant being characterized in that the carbon dioxide storage system (30) is modularly constructed from a plurality of portable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a cement plant equipped with a carbon dioxide separator for separating carbon dioxide from off-gas. [Background technology]

[0002] Addressing anthropogenic climate change requires reducing carbon dioxide emissions. One option is to separate the carbon dioxide from the off-gas, which can be achieved by a variety of processes. One process is the calcium carbonate circuit, also known as carbonate looping or calcium looping. Other processes employ amine scrubbing solutions, further processes operate by cryogenic technology, and still other processes operate with membranes that selectively separate gases.

[0003] The carbonate looping process (CaL process) takes advantage of the fact that carbon dioxide can be adsorbed by calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or other mineral oxides resulting from the calcination of carbonates. This is carried out, for example, at about 650°C in a carbonator through which the off-gas to be purified passes. The resulting calcium carbonate (usually a mixture with calcium oxide) is then transferred to a calciner, where the carbon dioxide is again removed, for example, at 950°C. The heating required for the calcination process is preferably achieved, for example, by supplying fuel and pure oxygen. Alternatively, indirect heating of the calciner may be used. The oxides thus produced, such as CaO, are recycled (and thus recirculated) in the carbonator, optionally together with a residual fraction of calcium carbonate. An advantage is that the off-gas stream from the calciner produces substantially pure carbon dioxide in the carbonate looping process, for example, under oxyfuel conditions or with indirect heating. In this way, the carbon dioxide can be separated from the off-gas stream from the process plant without containing a larger proportion of nitrogen or other destructive gas components, including high concentrations of dust and steam. This allows for the elimination of additional purification or separation that may occur downstream of the carbonate looping process.

[0004] The carbonate looping process is prior art, this process is known to those skilled in the art and the knowledge of the skilled person is for example found in the following documents: Italian Patent Application Publication No. MI20120383, Italian Patent Application Publication No. MI20120382, US Patent Application Publication No. 2012175136, WO2020193410, US Patent Application Publication No. 2009169452, European Patent Application Publication No. 3594597, US Patent Application Publication No. 2018028967 This is documented by the specification, US Patent Application Publication No. 2014161696, US Patent Application Publication No. 2009101050, WO 2006113673, FR 2921059, US Patent Application Publication No. 2018320481, US Patent Application Publication No. 2012141354, US Patent Application Publication No. 2013164202, and WO 2013024339. However, this represents only a small part of the prior art.

[0005] For further information on carbon dioxide capture, storage, and transport, see Gamborg Filip: “Technology Data Carbon Capture, transport and storage”, November 1, 2021 (2021-11-01), XP093068547, retrieved from the Internet: URL: https: / / ens.dk / sites / ens.dk / files / Analyser / technology_data_for_carbon capture_transport_and_storage.pdf [retrieved 2023-07-28], and Asco Carbon Dioxide Ltd: “ASCO 20' ISO Tank Containers”, January 1, 2021 (2021-01-01), XP093068543, retrieved from the Internet: URL: https: / / www.ascoco2.com / fileadmin / PDF_Download / PDF_Produkte / PDF_CO2_und_Trockeneis_Zubehoer / CO2_Lagerung / en / ASCO 20_ISO_Tank_Containers.pdf [Retrieved 2023-07-28], and Asco Carbon Dioxide Ltd: “ASCO Transportable CO2 Tanks / ASCO CO2 Semi Trailers”, January 1, 2021 (2021-01-01), XP093068541, retrieved from the Internet: URL: https: / / www.ascoco2.com / fileadrnin / PDF_Download / PDFProdukte / PDF_CO2_und_Trockeneis_Zubehoer / CO2_Lagerung / en / ASCO_Transportable_CO2_Tanks.pdf [Retrieved 2023-07-28]. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Italian Patent Application Publication No. MI20120383 [Patent Document 2] Italian Patent Application Publication No. MI20120382 [Patent Document 3] US Patent Application Publication No. 2012175136 [Patent Document 4] International Publication No. 2020193410 [Patent Document 5] US Patent Application Publication No. 2009169452 [Patent Document 6] European Patent Application Publication No. 3594597 [Patent Document 7] US Patent Application Publication No. 2018028967 [Patent Document 8] US Patent Application Publication No. 2014161696 [Patent Document 9] US Patent Application Publication No. 2009101050 [Patent Document 10] International Publication No. 2006113673 [Patent Document 11] French Patent Application Publication No. 2921059 [Patent Document 12] US Patent Application Publication No. 2018320481 [Patent Document 13] US Patent Application Publication No. 2012141354 [Patent Document 14] US Patent Application Publication No. 2013164202 [Patent Document 15] International Publication No. 2013024339 [Non-patent literature]

[0007] [Non-Patent Document 1] Gamborg Filip: “Technology Data Carbon Capture, transport and storage”, November 1, 2021 (2021-11-01), XP093068547, Retrieved from the Internet: URL: https: / / ens.dk / sites / ens.dk / files / Analyser / technology_data_for_carbon capture_transport_and_storage.pdf [Retrieved 2023-07-28] [Non-patent document 2] Asco Carbon Dioxide Ltd: “ASCO 20' ISO Tank Containers”, January 1, 2021 (2021-01-01), XP093068543, Retrieved from the Internet: URL: https: / / www.ascoco2.com / fileadmin / PDF_Download / PDF_Produkte / PDF_CO2_und_Trockeneis_Zubehoer / CO2_Lagerung / en / ASCO 20_ISO_Tank_Containers.pdf [Retrieved 2023-07-28] [Non-patent document 3] Asco Carbon Dioxide Ltd: “ASCO Transportable CO2 Tanks / ASCO CO2 Semi Trailers”, January 1, 2021 (2021-01-01), XP093068541, Retrieved from the Internet: URL: https: / / www.ascoco2.com / fileadrnin / PDF_Download / PDFProdukte / PDF_CO2_und_Trockeneis_Zubehoer / CO2_Lagerung / en / ASCO_Transportable_CO2_Tanks.pdf [Retrieved 2023-07-28] Summary of the Invention

[0008] Typically, the carbon dioxide separated using the carbonate looping process cannot be consumed or converted in the cement plant. However, to meet the requirements for sustainable, climate-neutral production, the plant must be appropriately retrofitted with CO2 separation technology. This creates the challenge of storing and transporting the carbon dioxide that is inevitably produced, especially from the calcination of raw materials.

[0009] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an intermediate or final storage device for carbon dioxide that allows existing cement plants to be retrofitted with carbon dioxide separation and downstream storage.

[0010] This object is achieved by a cement plant having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be taken from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings.

[0011] The cement plant according to the present invention includes a carbon dioxide separation device for separating carbon dioxide from the off-gas. The carbon dioxide separation device does not completely separate carbon dioxide in most cases, but rather removes the maximum percentage in an economically and environmentally advantageous manner. The carbon dioxide separation device typically includes or consists of a device for purifying the separated carbon dioxide. The required purity may very strongly depend on the further use of the carbon dioxide. Therefore, the device for purifying the separated carbon dioxide is preferably operated in various operating modes to achieve different purities of carbon dioxide. A distinction is made here between food applications (especially high purity), industrial applications, and final storage (minimum purity requirements). In all cases, it is advantageous to achieve a purity that allows for the compression and liquefaction of the separated CO2. The cement plant includes a carbon dioxide storage system. The carbon dioxide separation device is connected to the carbon dioxide storage system for transporting the separated carbon dioxide. According to the present invention, the carbon dioxide storage system is modularly constructed from multiple portable carbon dioxide containers. This structure is advantageous over installing a corresponding fixed storage capacity. This firstly makes it relatively easy to retroactively install the plant and, in particular, makes it relatively easy to efficiently utilize space that is not directly connected. Furthermore, this also makes it possible to flexibly respond to changing market demands, for example by producing carbon dioxide at different purities. The use of portable carbon dioxide containers makes it possible to easily and quickly adapt to the quantitative rates required by the market. In contrast to fixed storage devices, it is not necessary to maintain the availability of unnecessarily large storage devices. They can therefore also be transported in an easy and flexible way. Disadvantages include the relatively higher capital investment for portable carbon dioxide containers and the costs of loading and unloading the portable carbon dioxide containers to transport the carbon dioxide.

[0012] The important point is that each portable carbon dioxide container, as a result of its connection, becomes a temporary component of the overall plant. However, the modular construction allows for flexible storage capacity. The transport of the containers can be adapted to logistics options. At the same time, the portable carbon dioxide containers can be used for particularly efficient transport. For example, the costs of pumping circulation or the heat that leads to evaporation that would otherwise occur are avoided.

[0013] The interconnection of multiple transportable carbon dioxide containers allows for easy capacity adaptation at different sites. This creates flexible capacity at the production site, during transport, and at the recipient's site. Similarly, transportation does not rely on specially constructed infrastructure, such as pipelines, thus saving resources. This applies not only to the storage volume but also to the carbon dioxide flow. This makes it possible to take into account the varying production conditions at a cement plant, so that the same amount can always be supplied to subsequent processing plant components, such as a CO2 liquefaction plant.

[0014] In a further embodiment of the invention, all of the portable carbon dioxide containers are similarly standardized.

[0015] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the transportable carbon dioxide container complies with ISO 668. This offers numerous advantages. First, these standardized containers are readily available, easily stackable, easily stowable, and very easily transportable by road, rail, or waterway. Standardization also provides a high degree of interchangeability, thus allowing for easy container exchange. These containers are already available for transporting carbon dioxide of various purities. Rapid adjustment of storage and transport capacity to accommodate market demands is also possible. Handling is also simplified by the availability of auxiliary equipment, particularly for transport, loading, and unloading operations. Furthermore, ready availability on the market facilitates construction and therefore rapid implementation in modernization situations. ISO 668, in this context, should also be understood to include any similar unit, such as a 10-foot container or an ISO 668 container with an additionally installed cooling assembly.

[0016] According to the present invention, the portable carbon dioxide containers can be detachably connected to the carbon dioxide separator individually or in groups. In particular, the group arrangement allows for direct adaptation to the production capacity of the carbon dioxide separator. Due to their size and standardization, portable carbon dioxide containers are typically significantly limited in their maximum filling rate and can therefore only accommodate a limited carbon dioxide flow. The group arrangement makes it possible to divide the carbon dioxide flow produced by the carbon dioxide separator, thus achieving less than the maximum filling rate for each individual portable carbon dioxide container.

[0017] According to the present invention, the portable carbon dioxide containers are combined into groups of 3 to 10 portable carbon dioxide containers, which are connected so that the carbon dioxide inflow from the carbon dioxide separator is divided between the portable carbon dioxide containers. In addition, multiple groups of portable carbon dioxide containers can be connected to the carbon dioxide separator simultaneously and filled simultaneously.

[0018] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the cement plant comprises a first storage area for filled portable carbon dioxide containers. The cement plant further comprises a second storage area for empty portable carbon dioxide containers. The cement plant further comprises a filling area. In the filling area, the portable carbon dioxide containers can be connected to a carbon dioxide separation device. This spatial separation and arrangement allows for efficient use of space within an existing cement plant in a particularly simple manner. Good transportability and good availability of suitable transport equipment, especially when using ISO 668 containers, facilitates a decentralized arrangement. Furthermore, in particular the first storage area and the second storage area may also be separated by a certain distance, so that expansion in terms of space may be possible even if the spaces are not directly connected.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide storage system includes a pure carbon dioxide container serving as a transportable carbon dioxide container for carbon dioxide of a first purity and a container for industrial carbon dioxide serving as a transportable carbon dioxide container for carbon dioxide of a second purity. The higher the purity, the greater the cost (and energy consumption) of purification. Therefore, a distinction is made between industrial carbon dioxide (lower purity sufficient for industrial applications) and carbon dioxide for use in the food sector (higher purity requirements). Therefore, transport containers are regularly marked to prevent contamination from lower-purity materials previously transported in the same container. For this reason, a distinction is made between containers for industrial carbon dioxide and containers for carbon dioxide for use in the food sector, and the containers have corresponding markings. Nevertheless, the containers can theoretically be technically identical, differing only in their use and the markings applied for use. Typically, the highest requirements are for subsequent use in the food industry, which simultaneously has a high demand for carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, underground injection of carbon dioxide for long-term storage is currently being considered. Here, the purity requirement is to ensure suitability for liquefaction. Therefore, refining carbon dioxide to food-quality before final storage is neither economically nor environmentally beneficial. The use here of different portable carbon dioxide containers allows for a fast and variable adaptation to market conditions, for example to increase or decrease the proportion of carbon dioxide for the food industry, and therefore allows for a fast adaptation to market prices and production costs.

[0020] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the cement plant comprises a loading station. The loading station is connected to a carbon dioxide storage system. In addition to transporting carbon dioxide using portable carbon dioxide containers, it may also be useful, for example, to load further transport means, so that local demand, for example from breweries, can be met. Filling of transport equipment that is not standardized or whose standards do not correspond to those of the portable carbon dioxide containers may in particular be carried out here. Furthermore, the loading station may be, for example, a loading station for loading onto a tanker ship.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the invention, the carbon dioxide storage system is connected to further components for clinker production of a cement plant for the transfer of carbon dioxide. Thus, the carbon dioxide can be partially reused directly in a production plant for producing, for example, a cementitious binder. This can be the case, for example, in a reduction unit of a plant for producing clayey cement substitute products for optimizing the color of iron-containing materials, where, in addition to reducing compounds (e.g., hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and / or hydrocarbons), carbon dioxide can also be used as an inert gas.

[0022] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a cement plant includes an apparatus for treating end-of-life concrete. The apparatus for treating end-of-life concrete is used to separate concrete into its constituent components, gravel, sand, and cement, and use them to regenerate usable raw materials. Until now, concrete has typically been crushed and used only as a sand substitute, for example. However, there is growing interest in implementing true recycling and subjecting the cement separated from end-of-life concrete to recarbonation in a final step. The resulting product has good binding properties and an improved CO2 balance. For this purpose, a carbon dioxide storage system is connected to the apparatus for treating end-of-life concrete for carbon dioxide transport. Thus, the carbon dioxide can be utilized to regenerate hydraulic cement substitutes from end-of-life concrete. The material thus produced is preferably fed into a conventional cement production process, resulting in the eventual partial recycling of the carbon dioxide.

[0023] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a process for operating a cement plant according to the present invention, the process comprising: a) connecting a first portable carbon dioxide container to a carbon dioxide separation device; b) filling a first portable carbon dioxide container with carbon dioxide; c) connecting a second portable carbon dioxide container to the carbon dioxide separator; d) disconnecting the connection between the first portable carbon dioxide container and the carbon dioxide separator. Includes.

[0024] The key to this modular carbon dioxide storage system is that, precisely in this modular configuration, the carbon dioxide flow rate from the carbon dioxide separator is always guaranteed. Therefore, it is essential to connect a second portable carbon dioxide container to the carbon dioxide separator to guarantee the carbon dioxide flow rate. Thus, even in a small modular carbon dioxide storage system, continuity of carbon dioxide storage is guaranteed. Needless to say, this entails increased costs compared to a large central storage tank. On the other hand, it becomes possible to employ standardized, therefore readily available, mass-produced, cost-effective components, which in turn provides cost advantages.

[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first portable carbon dioxide container is connected to a third portable carbon dioxide container, whereby the third portable carbon dioxide container is also connected in step a), the third portable carbon dioxide container is also filled in step b), and the third portable carbon dioxide container is also disconnected in step d). Thus, the first portable carbon dioxide container and the third portable carbon dioxide container are assigned to a common group. Although separate portable carbon dioxide containers are applicable, when connected together they effectively function as a single, larger portable carbon dioxide container. The advantage is that transportability, particularly by road and rail, is maintained in a simple manner for the required carbon dioxide storage capacity. At the same time, the use of available components reduces costs, including testing and approval procedures.

[0026] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a process for operating a cement plant comprises: e) transporting the empty first portable carbon dioxide container from the second storage area to a filling area; f) connecting the first portable carbon dioxide container to the carbon dioxide separation device; g) filling a first portable carbon dioxide container with carbon dioxide; h) disconnecting the connection between the first portable carbon dioxide container and the carbon dioxide separator; i) transporting the first fully filled portable carbon dioxide container from the filling area to a first storage area; Includes.

[0027] As mentioned above, the separation of the second storage area from the intermediate storage in the first storage area before transport allows for good integration into existing cement plants, including those with limited space. In particular, the spatial separation of the filling area from the first and / or second storage area allows for the spatial expansion of existing cement plants.

[0028] This embodiment is particularly preferred when the transportable carbon dioxide container complies with ISO 668, in which case a very proven system can be used for transportation, storage and logistics.

[0029] In a further embodiment of the invention, all of the portable carbon dioxide containers have the same outer dimensions and standardized connection elements.

[0030] The first and second storage areas may overlap. What is important is to be able to selectively and reliably remove empty and fully filled portable carbon dioxide containers. This may also be accomplished by electronic storage systems within a common (fully overlapping) area of ​​control for the portable carbon dioxide containers.

[0031] This process can be particularly combined with the process steps previously described.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a method for operating a cement plant comprises: j) connecting the high purity carbon dioxide container to the carbon dioxide separator and operating the carbon dioxide separator for pure carbon dioxide, which is particularly suitable for the food industry. or k) connecting a container for industrial carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide separator and operating the carbon dioxide separator for industrial carbon dioxide; Includes.

[0033] The important thing to note here is that, for example, pure carbon dioxide (which is considered to require the highest economically important purity, especially for food quality) is produced and stored at one point, while less pure carbon dioxide is produced and stored at another point. Industrial carbon dioxide may have a purity of, for example, 98.5% to 99.9%. Lower purities are also possible, especially for underground final storage, provided that the purity is sufficient for liquefaction and compression.

[0034] Steps j) and k) are selected according to the saleable volume and currently achievable price (or transportation and disposal costs), particularly in relation to the costs associated with purifying the carbon dioxide. For example, in the case of high energy costs, the cost of increasing the purity may exceed the achievable price in the market, making it more cost-effective to dispose of it at a lower purity. In that case, step k) is preferred over step j). If energy prices are falling or demand is increasing, and therefore the price of pure carbon dioxide is increasing, step j) is performed an increasing percentage of the time.

[0035] This process can be particularly combined with the process steps previously described.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the present invention, in the process of operating a cement plant, carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide separator and / or carbon dioxide storage system is transported to a loading station and transferred to a vehicle at the loading station. In addition to transporting carbon dioxide using a portable carbon dioxide container, it may also be useful, for example, to load additional vehicles so that local demand, for example from a brewery, can be met. Filling of non-standardized transport equipment or transport equipment whose standards do not correspond to those of the portable carbon dioxide container may be particularly carried out here. Furthermore, the loading station may be, for example, a loading station for loading onto a tanker ship or a supply point for a pipeline.

[0037] This process can be particularly combined with the process steps previously described.

[0038] In a further embodiment of the invention, the filled portable carbon dioxide containers are loaded onto trucks, trains, and / or ships.

[0039] In a further embodiment of the present invention, carbon dioxide is used to carbonate end-of-life concrete. The apparatus for treating end-of-life concrete is used to separate concrete into its constituent gravel, sand, and cement components and use them to regenerate usable raw materials. First, the cement is separated from the end-of-life concrete, and then carbonation is performed to truly recycle these components of the end-of-life concrete. A proportion of the calcium in the end-of-life concrete becomes reactive again through carbonation and can thus be converted back into hydraulic clinker. For this purpose, a carbon dioxide storage system is connected to the apparatus for treating end-of-life concrete for the transfer of carbon dioxide, so that carbon dioxide is used as a reactant therein. Thus, carbon dioxide can be utilized to regenerate hydraulic clinker from the end-of-life concrete. The material thus produced is preferably fed to a conventional clinker process, so that the carbon dioxide is ultimately recycled.

[0040] The cement plant according to the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the figures. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0041] [Figure 1] This is the first state. [Figure 2] This is the second state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary cement plant in highly schematic form. The cement plant includes a clinker calciner 10, which typically consists of a preheater (usually cascaded in multiple stages), a calciner, a furnace, and a material cooler. This initially forms carbon dioxide from the combustion of fuel, and a significant amount of carbon dioxide is released, for example, from limestone during the calcination process to produce calcium oxide. The resulting off-gas is then fed to a carbon dioxide separator, which may be configured, for example, according to a carbonate looping process. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide separator 20 may also include an amine scrubber as a carbon dioxide adsorber, operate using cryogenic technology, or operate using a membrane separation process. The carbon dioxide produced in the carbon dioxide separator 20 is fed to a carbon dioxide storage system 30.

[0043] The carbon dioxide storage system 30 has three areas: a first storage area 51, a second storage area 52, and a filling area 53. The carbon dioxide storage system 30 includes a number of portable carbon dioxide containers 41, 42, and 43. These include empty portable carbon dioxide containers 41, partially filled portable carbon dioxide containers 42, and fully filled portable carbon dioxide containers 43. The portable carbon dioxide containers 41, 42, and 43 are, for example, in the form of 40-foot containers according to ISO 668. The filling area 53 includes three groups of portable carbon dioxide containers 41, 42, and 43. The first group on the left includes empty portable carbon dioxide containers 41 and is waiting. The middle group includes half-filled portable carbon dioxide containers 42 and is in the process of being filled. The third group on the right includes fully filled portable carbon dioxide containers 43. These can be transported into the first storage area 51 and replaced with empty portable carbon dioxide containers 41 from the second storage area 52. Each group contains, for example, three portable carbon dioxide containers 41, 42, 43. The flow coming from the carbon dioxide separator 20 is distributed in this way. The groups are connected together via valves 61, 62 so that they can be separated and connected to the carbon dioxide separator 20. The outer valves 61 are closed and the central valve 62 is open.

[0044] Figure 2 shows the same cement plant in a second state. Three fully filled portable carbon dioxide containers 43 from the group shown on the right have been brought to a first storage area 51 and replaced with three empty portable carbon dioxide containers 41 from a second storage area 52. The filling of the portable carbon dioxide containers 43 of the middle group has been completed, so they are now fully filled. The group shown on the left, which was previously kept in a standby state, is now being filled and therefore contains half-filled portable carbon dioxide containers 42. The left valve 62 is therefore open, and the middle and right valves 61 are closed. [Explanation of symbols]

[0045] 10 Clinker calciner 20 Carbon dioxide separator 30 Carbon Dioxide Storage System 41 Empty portable carbon dioxide container 42 Half-filled portable carbon dioxide container 43 Fully filled portable carbon dioxide container 51 First Storage Area 52 Second Storage Area 53 Filling area 61 Closed valve 62 Open valve

Claims

1. 1. A cement plant comprising: a carbon dioxide separation device (20) for separating carbon dioxide from exhaust gas; the cement plant comprising a carbon dioxide storage system (30); the carbon dioxide separation device (20) being connected to the carbon dioxide storage system (30) for transporting separated carbon dioxide; and the carbon dioxide storage system (30) being modularly configured from a plurality of transportable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43), wherein the transportable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43) are separably connectable to the carbon dioxide separation device (20) individually or in groups; and the transportable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43) are combined into groups of 3 to 10 interconnected transportable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43).

2. 2. A cement plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the portable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43) comply with ISO 668.

3. 3. A cement plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that all the transportable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43) have the same external dimensions and standardized connecting elements.

4. 4. The cement plant according to claim 1, wherein the cement plant has a first storage area (51) for filled portable carbon dioxide containers (43), the cement plant has a second storage area (52) for empty portable carbon dioxide containers (41), the cement plant has a filling area (53), and the portable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43) in the filling area (52) can be connected to the carbon dioxide separation device (20).

5. 5. The cement plant according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide storage system (30) comprises a pure carbon dioxide container as a portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) for carbon dioxide of a first purity grade and a container for industrial carbon dioxide as a portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) for carbon dioxide of a second purity grade.

6. 6. The cement plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cement plant has a loading station, the loading station being connected to the carbon dioxide storage system (30).

7. 7. The cement plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the carbon dioxide storage system (30) is connected to further components for clinker production of the cement plant for the transfer of carbon dioxide.

8. 8. The cement plant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cement plant has a device for treating waste concrete, and the carbon dioxide storage system (30) is connected to the device for treating waste concrete for the transfer of carbon dioxide.

9. 9. A method of operating a cement plant according to any one of claims 1 to 8, said method comprising the steps of: a) connecting a first portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) to the carbon dioxide separation device (20); b) filling the first portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) with carbon dioxide; c) connecting a second portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) to the carbon dioxide separation device (20); d) disconnecting the connection between the first portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) and the carbon dioxide separation device (20). A method comprising:

10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) is connected to a third portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43), whereby in step a) the third portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) is also connected, in step b) the third portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) is also filled, and in step d) the third portable carbon dioxide container (41, 42, 43) is also separated.

11. A method of operating a cement plant according to any one of claims 5 to 8 in relation to claims 1 to 3 and claim 4, said method comprising the steps of: e) transferring an empty first portable carbon dioxide container (41) from said second storage area (52) to said filling area (53); f) connecting a first portable carbon dioxide container (41) to said carbon dioxide separation device (20); g) filling the first portable carbon dioxide container (42) with carbon dioxide; h) disconnecting the connection between the first portable carbon dioxide container (43) and the carbon dioxide separation device (20); i) moving a fully filled first portable carbon dioxide container (43) from said filling area (53) to said first storage area (51); A method comprising:

12. A method of operating a cement plant according to any one of claims 6 to 8 in relation to claims 1 to 4 and claim 5, said method comprising the steps of: j) connecting a pure carbon dioxide container to said carbon dioxide separation device (20) and operating said carbon dioxide separation device (20) from pure carbon dioxide. or k) connecting a container for industrial carbon dioxide to said carbon dioxide separation device (20) and operating said carbon dioxide separation device (20) from industrial carbon dioxide. A method comprising:

13. 9. A method for operating a cement plant as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 8 in conjunction with claims 1 to 5 and 6, wherein carbon dioxide is transported from the carbon dioxide separation device (20) and / or the carbon dioxide storage system (30) to the loading station and transported into a vehicle at the loading station.

14. 14. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the filled transportable carbon dioxide containers (41, 42, 43) are loaded onto lorries, trains and / or ships.

15. 15. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, in conjunction with claim 8, characterized in that the carbon dioxide is used to carbonate old concrete.

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