Apparatus for removing agglomerated material from the seabed and separating said material

Abstract

A vehicle (6) apparatus for removing material from the seabed is disclosed. The vehicle includes a first thruster (10) for vertically moving the vehicle and a second thruster (12) for horizontally moving the vehicle. A collection unit removes material from the seabed, and a latching mechanism (42) is adapted to connect to a riser to enable transport of the removed material to a vessel on the surface. The separator includes teeth that, in some embodiments, include ridges. The separator includes water jets configured to move material toward an inlet and remove smaller material.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for removing material from the bottom of a body of water or for separating material, such as nodules, from other material, such as sediments, particularly marine sediments. [Background technology]

[0002] Nodules of material containing minerals and rare metals form on the seabed at great depths, and it is known to extract such material by mining equipment that rests on the seabed and is powered by an umbilical cable from a surface vessel, the equipment being connected to a conduit known as a jumper hose, through which the nodule material can be pumped by a riser pump or other means to the surface vessel.

[0003] Known devices of this type have many drawbacks. First, a manipulator or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is required to assist in connecting the device to the jumper hose. Furthermore, the weight of the device is supported by the umbilical cable as it is lowered from the surface vessel to the seabed and then raised from the seabed, necessitating significant mechanical reinforcement of the umbilical cable. The mechanical reinforcement required for umbilical cables typically has poor heat transfer properties, resulting in heating of the umbilical cable's insulation, which in turn limits the power that can be supplied to the device. In addition, the catenary curve of the reinforced umbilical cable is similar to that of the jumper hose used to transport nodule material to the surface, resulting in a risk of collision between the umbilical cable and the conduit during operation of the device. A further drawback of such known devices is that they are difficult to operate in very soft soils. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure seek to overcome one or more of the above drawbacks. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for removing nodular material from the bottom of a body of water, the apparatus comprising: a moving means for moving the apparatus relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing nodule material from the bottom of the body of water; Including, The material removal means includes at least one inlet and bottom engaging means for engaging the bottom of the body of water, the bottom engaging means including a plurality of protrusions.

[0006] Preferably, the projections have a longer length, i.e., a greater width in the longitudinal direction, and protrude outward from the device in the direction of movement. In this manner, the projections can act as sieves. The projections will be spaced apart, for example, by 1 to 3 centimeters. Preferably, they are spaced apart along the longitudinal length of the plurality of projections or along a portion of the longitudinal length. Nodule material tends to form clumps, or nodules, preferably with a maximum diameter greater than the spacing between the projections of the present invention. Thus, as the projections engage and move through the bottom of the body of water, nodules, or clumps of nodule material of typically occurring size, are separated from non-nodule material. Non-nodule material, e.g., sediment, can fall off the sides of the projections, for example, through the spaces between the projections. In some embodiments, the projections can be sharpened to aid in movement through the bottom of the body of water. Thus, during use, the projections lift the nodules from the sediment at the bottom of the body of water.

[0007] In some embodiments, the plurality of protrusions are arranged in front of the at least one inlet in the direction of movement of the device and are adapted to extend substantially in the direction of movement of the device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the material removal means includes at least one surface that is inclined relative to the bottom of the body of water in use. The at least one surface that is inclined relative to the bottom of the body of water in use can, in some embodiments, include a plane that is oriented at an incline. In some embodiments, the inclined surface can include a wedge-shaped structure that includes a flat bottom surface that is level with the bottom of the body of water and an upper surface that is inclined relative to the bottom of the body of water, inclined away from the direction of movement. In other words, the thinner portion of the wedge-shaped structure is at the end of the direction of movement, and the thicker portion of the wedge-shaped structure is at the opposite end. In some embodiments, the material removal means, or the teeth, is configured to be inclined. In some embodiments, the material removal means, or the teeth, is configured to include an inclined upper surface. The upper surface, as referred to here, refers to the upper surface being opposite the surface that faces the bottom of the body of water in use. In some embodiments, the inclined surface is the upper surface of one or more of the teeth, separator, or material removal means.

[0009] In some embodiments, there is no beveled surface. In some embodiments, when the nodules are placed on the teeth, the teeth rise, allowing non-nodule material to fall off.

[0010] In some embodiments, at least one surface that slopes relative to the bottom of the body of water in use slopes away from the direction of movement.

[0011] In some embodiments, at least one surface that slopes relative to the bottom of the body of water during use slopes toward at least one inlet. Ideally, when the nodule material is in the separator, material removal means, or teeth, it moves toward the inlet of the device. The inlet is useful for collecting the nodule material and subsequently storing or transporting it. In some embodiments, the inlet is configured to be oriented or positioned above the separator or material removal means during use and can include a suction system and a conduit for transporting the nodules. In some embodiments, the inlet can include an opening to the conduit. In some embodiments, the nodules can enter the inlet by gravity.

[0012] In some embodiments, at least one surface that is inclined relative to the bottom of the body of water in use is positioned forward of at least one of said inlets in the direction of movement of the device and includes a plurality of protrusions adapted to extend substantially in the direction of movement of the device.

[0013] In some embodiments, the material removal means comprises a separator. In some embodiments, the material removal means is a separator. The separator or the material removal means may include a bottom engagement means.

[0014] In some embodiments, the separator, or material removal means, includes at least one opening for permitting the passage of non-nodule material and preventing the passage of said nodule material, thereby allowing relatively larger nodule material, or nodules, to be retained on the surface of the separator and subsequently moved towards the inlet, while allowing relatively smaller non-nodule material, e.g., sediment, to pass through the opening.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of protrusions includes at least one notch on a top surface of said at least one of the plurality of protrusions, the top surface being the top surface in use, which is the side or surface opposite to the side closest to or facing the bottom of the body of water.

[0016] In some embodiments, the notch is a groove or channel. In some embodiments, the notch is a groove or channel that transverses the longitudinal axis of one or more of the plurality of protrusions or teeth.

[0017] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of protrusions includes more than one notch. In some embodiments, all of the plurality of protrusions include at least one notch. In specific embodiments, each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions includes more than one notch. Preferably, most, all, or nearly all of the plurality of protrusions, or teeth, will have more than one notch. The more notches, the better, as they help prevent the nodules from rolling or sliding off the plurality of protrusions, and therefore aid in transporting the nodules to the inlet.

[0018] In some embodiments, the at least one surface that, in use, slopes relative to the bottom of the body of water includes at least one notch on an upper surface of the at least one surface that slopes relative to the bottom of the body of water.

[0019] In some embodiments, at least one notch includes a vertical side or edge. In some embodiments, at least one notch includes a vertical side or edge in use. In some embodiments, the notch is configured to include a vertical side or edge in use. In use, the separator can be oriented so that the notch includes an edge or side that is vertical to the bottom of the body of water. Having a vertical notch edge or side helps prevent nodule material from rolling or sliding down the surface of the separator. The vertical edge or side can form a lip that helps prevent nodule material or nodules from sliding or rolling off the separator, i.e., the separator's teeth or protrusions. In some embodiments, the notch is configured to form a lip that prevents an article from sliding or rolling past the notch in one direction.

[0020] In some embodiments, at least one notch includes a sloped surface that slopes away from the direction of movement. In some embodiments, at least one notch includes a sloped surface that slopes away from the direction of movement relative to the bottom of the body of water in use. In some embodiments, the notch is configured to include a sloped surface that slopes away from the direction of movement relative to the bottom of the body of water in use. In some embodiments, the notch is configured to include a sloped surface that slopes away from the direction of movement relative to the bottom of the body of water in use.

[0021] In some embodiments, at least one notch is V-shaped in cross section, where cross section is a cross section across the longitudinal axis of the projection or tooth. The V-shape helps prevent nodule material, or nodules, from falling off the separator or the projection or tooth of the separator.

[0022] In some embodiments, the sides of at least one notch do not protrude above the surface of the plurality of protrusions, or teeth, or separator.

[0023] In some embodiments, at least one notch is configured to prevent sliding or rolling of an object partially disposed within the notch in one direction but not in an opposite direction.

[0024] In some embodiments, the notch includes two sides, the side closest to the direction of movement of the device being vertical.

[0025] In some embodiments, the notch includes two sides, and the side closest to the direction of movement of the device is configured to form an abutment, thus helping to prevent an item partially contained in the nodule from rolling or sliding past the notch in the direction of movement of the device.

[0026] In some embodiments, the notch extends across the longitudinal axis of the top surface of at least one of the plurality of protrusions. This can also help prevent nodule material, or nodules, from falling off the separator or protrusions or teeth of the separator. In some embodiments, the notch extends at least partially across the width of the protrusion. The width is the shorter lateral dimension of the protrusion, and the major axis of the protrusion is the length.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, the notch will extend across the entire width of a prong or tooth of the plurality of prongs.

[0028] The notches can assist the nodules or the like in moving along the teeth, separators or protrusions in a direction away from the direction of movement, but prevent the nodules from moving in the same direction as the direction of movement of the device. The notch configuration supports this advantage.

[0029] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of protrusions includes a plurality of notches. Having a plurality of notches increases assistance in preventing the nodule material, or nodules, from rolling, sliding, or falling off the separator or the protrusions or teeth of the separator.

[0030] In some embodiments, the bottom engagement means of a separator comprising a plurality of projections comprises teeth. As used herein, the terms plurality of projections and teeth are synonymous and are used interchangeably.

[0031] In some embodiments, the tines are held together by a tooth surface opposite the surface facing the direction of movement. Suitably, the tines act as a fork or sieve to allow relatively large nodules, nodule material, to be lifted or separated from relatively smaller non-nodule material, for example sediments at the bottom of a body of water.

[0032] In some embodiments, the at least one inlet comprises an inlet in fluid communication with the vessel or in fluid communication with the vessel via a conduit, the conduit being in communication with the vessel. Inlets suitable for the present invention are further described below.

[0033] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a water jet or water pump or water jet system. In some embodiments, the water jet includes at least one conduit. In some embodiments, the water jet can have a pump located on or in communication with the apparatus or vehicle. In some embodiments, the pump of the water jet is configured to pump water through the conduit to the general location of the separator. In some embodiments, the water jet is configured to pump water toward at least one inlet. In some embodiments, the water jet is configured to pump water toward the notch. In some embodiments, the water jet is configured to pump water in a direction opposite to the direction of movement toward at least one tooth. In certain embodiments, the pump and conduit are configured to pump water toward the inclined surface or separator, or multiple protrusions, or teeth, or any combination thereof, i.e., separator, protrusions, inclined surface, or teeth. The conduit of the water jet can include a partial "U" shaped configuration, which can assist in directing water from the water jet. Preferably, the water jet includes at least one outlet through which water is discharged. Preferably, the water jet will use water from a body of water surrounding the device, although the device may include a water source or other fluid source.

[0034] In some embodiments, the water jet includes at least one outlet. In specific embodiments, the water jet can include an outlet in one or more of the plurality of protrusions or teeth.

[0035] In some embodiments, at least one outlet of the water jet is directed toward the inlet of the device. In some embodiments, at least one outlet of the water jet is directed opposite the direction of movement. In some embodiments, a majority of the outlets of the water jet are directed toward the inlet of the device. In some embodiments, a majority of the outlets of the water jet are directed opposite the direction of movement. In some embodiments, all of the water jets are directed toward the inlet of the device. In some embodiments, all of the outlets of the water jets are directed opposite the direction of movement. In some embodiments, all of the water jets are directed toward the inlet of the device. By describing an outlet as being directed toward, towards, or towards, it is meant that the outlet is configured such that when water is ejected or discharged from the outlet of the water jet, the water is directed toward, at, or towards that particular stated direction. Advantageously, directing the water jet away from the direction of movement, opposite the direction of movement, or towards the inlet can assist in moving nodules or nodule material toward the inlet to be collected by the device. The force of the water jet can actually move the nodules or nodule material along the projections or teeth and / or up the inclined surface or generally towards the inlet of the device. Also, advantageously, at least to some extent, orienting the outlet upwardly helps to remove non-nodule material, e.g., sediment, from the nodule material, thus separating the latter. The nodule material is pushed towards the inlet, or at least along the direction of the inlet of the device, and the non-nodule material is blown away from the device.

[0036] In some embodiments, at least one outlet of the water jet is directed upward in configuration. Advantageously, this serves to move the nodule material generally, which may serve to move the nodule material up the inclined surface and generally toward the inlet of the device. Also, advantageously, at least to some extent, directing the outlet upward serves to remove non-nodule material, e.g., sediment, from the nodule material, thus separating the non-nodule material from the nodule material. The nodule material is pushed toward the inlet, or at least along the direction of the inlet of the device, and the non-nodule material is blown away from the device.

[0037] In some embodiments, the outlet of at least one of the water jets is configured to face in the opposite direction of movement of the device in use, which also allows water ejected from the outlet of the water jet to move nodules, such as on teeth, towards the inlet.

[0038] In some embodiments, the water jet or water jet system is separate from the teeth or separator. In some embodiments, the water jet includes one or more conduits and one or more outlets positioned above the teeth or separator. When the outlet of the water jet is positioned or oriented above the teeth or separator in use, water ejected from the water jet can assist in pushing nodules on the teeth or separator toward the inlet for collection. In a specific embodiment, the water jet includes one or more conduits that include a U-shape in shape, meaning that the shape generally resembles the Latin capital letter "U."

[0039] In a specific embodiment, the water jet includes one or more conduits including one or more outlets configured to eject water toward one or more of the tooth, the separator, the notch, and the inlet, thus assisting the tooth in moving any nodules that are at least partially in the notch or separator toward the inlet.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the at least one notch includes at least one outlet for a water jet. In a specific embodiment, the at least one notch includes an outlet for the water jet, and the water jet is directed rearward. Rearward is used herein to mean generally opposite the direction of movement. Additionally, directed rearward means that the outlet is configured to discharge water rearward from the outlet, away from the direction of movement of the device in use. In a specific embodiment, the at least one notch includes an outlet for the water jet, and the water jet is directed upward. Here, upward means generally above, away from the bottom of the body of water, but is not necessarily required to be perpendicular to the bottom of the body of water. Additionally, directed upward means that the outlet is configured to discharge water upward from the outlet, away from the direction of movement of the device in use. Away from the direction of movement of the device does not necessarily have to be in the exact opposite direction.

[0041] In some embodiments, the outlet of the water jet is configured to eject water in an upward direction. In some embodiments, the outlet of the water jet is configured to eject water in a rearward direction, away from the direction of movement of the device in use. In some embodiments, the outlet of the water jet is configured to eject water toward one or more of an inlet, a tooth, one of a plurality of protrusions, a separator, a ramp as described herein, a nodule on the device, and / or a notch, or any combination thereof as previously described.

[0042] In specific embodiments, at least one notch includes a water jet outlet on a vertical side or edge of the notch. In specific embodiments, at least one notch is configured to include a water jet outlet on a vertical side or edge of the notch in use. In specific embodiments, at least one notch includes a water jet outlet, the outlet facing away from the direction of movement. In specific embodiments, at least one notch includes a water jet outlet, the outlet facing rearward, away from the direction of movement. In specific embodiments, at least one notch includes a water jet outlet facing towards the inlet of the device. Advantageously, by having the water jet outlet within the notch, or on a vertical edge or side of the notch, or within the notch facing rearward, there is less risk of sediment or the like entering the water jet outlet and causing a blockage, particularly when the device is moving forward.

[0043] In some embodiments, the force or pressure of the waterjet is in the range of 200,000 to 1,000,000 Pascals (2 to 10 bar). In specific embodiments, the force or pressure of the waterjet is in the range of 20,000 to 1,100,000 Pascals (2 to 11 bar), or 50,000 to 900,000 Pascals (5 to 9 bar), or 600,000 to 700,000 Pascals (6 to 7 bar). As used herein, the force or pressure of the waterjet is the force or pressure of the water moving through the waterjet and initially exiting the waterjet. Advantageously, this force or pressure of the waterjet can assist in moving the nodules and nodule material in a controlled manner along the protrusions or nodules, or up the inclined surface, or at least in a direction generally toward the inlet of the device, without blowing or separating the nodule material from the device. Advantageously, the force of the water jet is strong enough to separate non-nodule material from nodule material and assist in blowing the non-nodule material off the device. Advantageously, the water jet assists in preventing the nodules or nodule material from rolling, sliding or falling off the tooth or device.

[0044] In specific embodiments, each or alternating positions of the plurality of protrusions or teeth includes at least one outlet for a water jet. In specific embodiments, each tooth includes at least two outlets for a water jet. In specific embodiments, each notch on each protrusion or tooth includes an outlet for a water jet. In other embodiments, it is contemplated that different combinations of notches and teeth, and outlets and notches, may be present.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, at least one protrusion, or tooth, includes at least one conduit in fluid communication with the water jet supply and at least one outlet. In a specific embodiment, at least one notch includes an outlet in fluid communication with the water jet supply via a conduit.

[0046] In some embodiments, the means for movement is a vehicle. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle is an underwater vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle is a remotely controlled vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle is as described herein. Apparatus as described herein are suitable for use with vehicles as described herein, and any features may be combined.

[0047] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for separating nodular material from non-nodular material, comprising: using an apparatus as described herein to separate nodular material from the bottom of a body of water or from non-nodular material, e.g., sediment. Includes:

[0048] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for separating nodular material from non-nodular material, comprising: engaging a bottom of the body of water with a separator, the separator including a plurality of protrusions; moving the separator through a portion of the bottom of the body of water at an oblique angle from the bottom of the body of water so that a plurality of protrusions project in a forward direction relative to the direction of movement, wherein forward movement of the separator through the bottom of the body of water forces the nodular material up along the oblique upper surface of the separator toward an inlet, the inlet communicating with the container; Includes:

[0049] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for separating nodular material from non-nodular material, comprising: engaging a bottom of the body of water with a separator, the separator including a plurality of protrusions; moving the separator through a portion of the bottom of the body of water such that the plurality of projections project in a forward direction relative to the direction of movement, wherein the forward movement of the separator through the bottom of the body of water pushes the nodular material along an upper surface of the separator toward an inlet, the inlet communicating with the container; Includes:

[0050] In some embodiments, the method further comprises extruding at least a portion of the non-nodule material from the sides of the plurality of protrusions, or through gaps between the plurality of protrusions, or at least away from the device.

[0051] In some embodiments, the method comprises: moving the nodular material along the plurality of protrusions, or separators, or teeth by use of a water jet; Suitably, the nodular material can be moved along the angled surface of the device and / or along the plurality of projections or teeth and / or towards the inlet of the device.

[0052] In some embodiments, the method comprises: The method further includes the step of moving the nodular material by use of a water jet, wherein the pressure or force from the water jet is in the range of 200,000 Pascals to 1,000,000 Pascals (2 to 10 bar). Suitably, other ranges of water jet pressure or force can be used, for example, 20,000 Pascals to 1,100,000 Pascals (2 to 11 bar), or 50,000 Pascals to 900,000 Pascals (5 to 9 bar), or 600,000 Pascals to 700,000 Pascals (6 to 7 bar).

[0053] In some embodiments, the method further includes directing the water jet outlet rearward, in a direction opposite to the direction of movement. In some embodiments, the method further includes directing water from the outlet rearward, in a direction opposite to the direction of movement. In some embodiments, the method further includes directing the water jet outlet rearward, away from the direction of movement. In some embodiments, the method further includes directing water from the outlet rearward, away from the direction of movement. Directing the water from the water jet, or the outlet from the water jet, rearward helps to assist in moving the nodular material toward the inlet of the device.

[0054] In some embodiments, the method further includes directing the water jet outlets upward, away from the bottom of the body of water. Water from the upwardly directed water jets can assist in moving the nodular material up the inclined surface, as well as in blowing non-nodular material away from the apparatus, or at least away from the separator.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the method further includes directing the water jet outlet rearward in a direction opposite to the direction of movement and upward, away from the bottom.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that above need not be limited to only vertical and rearward need not be limited to only horizontal, but that generally above and generally rearward are meant to provide advantages.

[0057] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for separating nodular material from non-nodular material, the apparatus comprising: at least one container for receiving a liquid containing nodule material and non-nodule material; at least one respective inlet for allowing a liquid containing nodule material and non-nodule material to enter at least one of said vessels; at least one respective first outlet for allowing liquid to exit at least one said container; at least one respective second outlet for allowing liquid to exit at least one said container; Including, At least one of the second outlets is positioned at a height greater than at least one of the first outlets provided on the corresponding vessel, and the velocity of the liquid decreases as the liquid enters the vessel through the at least one inlet.

[0058] The provision of at least one respective second outlet for allowing liquid to exit at least one said vessel, wherein at least one said second outlet is located at a height greater than at least one said first outlet provided on the corresponding said vessel, provides the advantage that as liquid enters the vessel via at least one said inlet, the velocity of the liquid decreases, thereby allowing a decrease in liquid velocity such that the concentration of nodule material in the liquid exiting the first outlet increases and the concentration of non-nodule material in the liquid exiting the second outlet increases. When removing nodule material from the seabed, this also provides the further advantage of reducing the amount of unwanted non-nodule material removed to a surface vessel, thereby reducing the environmental impact of returning removed non-nodule material to the seabed, for example by making it feasible to transport such non-nodule material to shore.

[0059] The apparatus may further comprise barrier means for blocking a shortest path from at least one said inlet to at least one said second outlet.

[0060] This provides the advantage that it is more difficult for nodule material to reach the second outlet than for non-nodule material, thereby minimizing loss of nodule material and increasing the concentration of nodule material in the vicinity of the at least one first outlet.

[0061] The barrier means may include at least one plate.

[0062] The barrier means allows liquid to travel from said at least one inlet to said at least one second outlet by passing under said barrier means.

[0063] This provides the advantage that it is possible to force the nodule material towards said at least one first outlet while making it difficult for the nodule material to reach the second outlet, thereby minimizing loss of nodule material and increasing the concentration of nodule material in the vicinity of the at least one first outlet.

[0064] The apparatus may further comprise flow redirecting means for redirecting the flow of liquid towards said at least one first outlet.

[0065] This provides the advantage of increasing the concentration of nodule material in the vicinity of the first outlet(s) while minimizing flow disturbances, thereby providing better control of the process for separating nodule material from non-nodule material.

[0066] The flow redirecting means may include a curved surface.

[0067] At least one of the containers may include a respective body that tapers towards the at least one first outlet.

[0068] This provides the advantage of increasing the concentration of nodule material in the vicinity of the one or more first outlets, thereby increasing the efficiency of the process for separating nodule material from non-nodule material.

[0069] At least one of the containers may include a lower surface that slopes toward the at least one first outlet.

[0070] This provides the advantage of increasing the concentration of nodular material in the vicinity of the first outlet(s), thereby increasing the efficiency of the process for separating nodular material from non-nodular material, particularly when the apparatus is vibrated during use.

[0071] The at least one inlet may be oriented towards a substantially central portion of the vessel in a direction transverse to a direction extending from the at least one inlet to the at least one first outlet.

[0072] This provides the advantage of concentrating the flow of nodule-laden liquid towards the one or more first outlets while minimizing turbulence, thereby increasing the efficiency of the process for separating nodule material from non-nodule material.

[0073] At least one of the inlets may define a nozzle.

[0074] This provides the advantage of helping to reduce the velocity of the liquid containing the nodular and non-nodular material, thereby aiding the separation process.

[0075] The apparatus may further comprise pump means for delivering liquid to at least one said inlet and / or from at least one said first outlet and / or from at least one said second outlet.

[0076] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for removing nodular material from the bottom of a body of water, the apparatus comprising: a moving means for moving the apparatus relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing nodule material from the bottom of the body of water; connector means adapted to be connected to a conduit to enable the removed nodule material to be transported to a vessel on the surface of a body of water; an apparatus for separating nodule material from non-nodule material as defined above; Includes:

[0077] According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for removing material from the bottom of a body of water, the apparatus comprising: a first moving means for moving the apparatus substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the body of water; second moving means for moving the apparatus substantially horizontally relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing material from the bottom of the body of water; connector means adapted to be connected to a conduit to enable transport of said removed material to a vessel on the surface of a body of water; Includes:

[0078] The provision of a first means for moving the apparatus substantially vertically relative to the bottom of the body of water and a second means for moving the apparatus substantially horizontally relative to the bottom of the body of water provides a number of significant advantages. First, the assistance of a manipulator or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is not required to enable connection of the apparatus to the conduit. The first means for moving also provides the advantage of allowing the apparatus to operate more effectively on very soft ground. The apparatus can be deployed to the seabed without the use of a tensioned umbilical, resulting in less need for umbilical reinforcement, which allows more power to be supplied to the apparatus via the umbilical, while also allowing the apparatus to be deployed at a greater distance from a surface vessel. Furthermore, the apparatus can be replaced with another apparatus more quickly for maintenance purposes, while the apparatus can be operated more easily and without the use of an umbilical, thereby allowing more thorough material removal to be performed.

[0079] The first movement means may include at least one thruster.

[0080] The second locomotion means may include at least one thruster.

[0081] The second means of transportation may include a plurality of trucks.

[0082] This provides the advantage of allowing the device to be maneuvered on very soft ground.

[0083] The device may further include buoyancy means for reducing the weight of the device in water.

[0084] This provides the advantage of assisting the operation of the first moving means. Additionally, it provides the advantage that less mechanical reinforcement is required for the umbilical cable, which results in less heating of the umbilical cable insulation, allowing more power to be delivered to the device. Also, the different catenary curve of the umbilical cable with less mechanical reinforcement makes it easier to separate the umbilical cable from the conduit, which minimizes the possibility of a collision between the umbilical cable and the conduit during operation of the device.

[0085] The apparatus may further include a containment means for containing the removed material prior to transport to the vessel.

[0086] According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for removing nodular material from the bottom of a body of water, the apparatus comprising: a moving means for moving the apparatus relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing nodule material from the bottom of the body of water; connector means adapted to be connected to a conduit to enable transport of said removed nodule material to a vessel on the surface of a body of water; Including, The material removal means includes at least one inlet and bottom engagement means for engaging the bottom of the body of water, the bottom engagement means being positioned forward of the at least one inlet in the direction of movement of the device and including a plurality of protrusions adapted to extend substantially in the direction of movement of the device.

[0087] By providing bottom engaging means comprising a plurality of protrusions arranged forward of said at least one inlet in the direction of movement of the device and adapted to extend substantially in the direction of movement of the device, this allows the nodule material on the surface of the seabed to be collected whilst minimising disturbance to the seabed, thereby providing the advantage that the environmental impact of removing the nodule material is minimised. Furthermore, the reduced disturbance to the seabed provides the further advantage of less resistance which results in less energy consumption.

[0088] The protrusion may include a plurality of teeth.

[0089] The apparatus may include at least one first opening positioned rearward of said at least one inlet in a direction of movement of the apparatus for passing nodular material.

[0090] This provides the advantage of preventing the inlet from becoming blocked by nodular material in the event that the device fails to remove the nodular material into the conduit.

[0091] The apparatus may further include separation means positioned adjacent to at least one of said inlets for separating nodule material from non-nodule material on the bottom of the body of water.

[0092] By providing a separation means for separating nodule material from non-nodule material on the bottom of the body of water, this provides the advantages of minimizing the amount of unwanted non-nodule material, such as sediment, on the bottom of the body of water that is transported to the surface, thereby minimizing energy consumption and avoiding the environmental impact of returning to the seabed non-nodule material previously removed to the surface.

[0093] The separating means may include at least one surface which, in use, is inclined relative to the bottom of the body of water and has at least one second opening for allowing non-nodule material to pass through and preventing said nodule material from passing through.

[0094] The apparatus may further comprise suction means for removing nodular material from at least one of said inlets.

[0095] The suction means may be adapted to reverse the direction of flow of water therethrough.

[0096] This provides the advantage of assisting in clearing blockages.

[0097] Generally, in some embodiments, in use, the engagement means or teeth will sift the bottom of the body of water, retaining the nodules and sediment on the teeth or protrusions of the device. In embodiments with one or more notches, the notches help prevent the nodules from sliding or rolling forward. In embodiments with a water jet with one or more outlets, in some embodiments, the outlets will be configured to be generally directed toward the device's inlet for the nodules. In some embodiments with a water jet outlet, the outlets are configured to force water along the top of the teeth or protrusions. In some embodiments with a water jet outlet, the outlets are configured to force water along the top of the inclined surface. Thus, in those embodiments with a water jet, water ejected from the water jet outlet can move the nodules toward the device's inlet or inlets.

[0098] By the term "diameter" as used herein, it is used to mean the longest lateral length or dimension of an object.

[0099] The term "directed" as used herein with reference to a waterjet outlet is used to mean that the outlet is configured to eject water or liquid in a particular direction, and when referring to water or liquid in a method, the term includes being able to eject water in a particular direction.

[0100] By the term "bottom of a body of water" as used herein, the term can be interchangeable with the ocean floor and also includes bodies of fresh water.

[0101] By the term "horizontal" as used herein, those skilled in the art will understand that it need not be exactly horizontal, but must be sufficiently horizontal to have the desired function.

[0102] By the term "notch" as used herein, the term is used to mean a depression on an edge or surface, for example, on a tooth. The term also includes a groove or channel.

[0103] By the term "V-shaped" as used herein, the term is used to mean a general resemblance in shape to the Latin alphabet letter "V." Similarly, a "U" shape refers to the Latin capital letter "U."

[0104] By the term "vertical" as used herein, one skilled in the art will understand that it need not be exactly vertical, but must be sufficiently vertical to have the desired function.

[0105] By the terms "water jet" or "water jet system," as used herein, these terms are used to mean a device suitable for ejecting water in a desired direction. Preferably, the water jet will include a pumping mechanism or other means for moving water and at least one outlet through which the water or liquid will be ejected. Here, the term "water" includes liquid.

[0106] Any one or more features of any aspect, embodiment or example may be combined with any other one or more features of any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein.

[0107] Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only and without any sense of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0108] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B are rear and side perspective views of a nodule mining apparatus according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 2 is a front and side perspective view of the nodule mining device of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a portion of the nodule mining apparatus of FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a front view of the device of FIG. 1, with the duct of the collection unit in the deployed state. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a side view of the device of FIG. [Figure 6] 2 is a front view of the device of FIG. 1, with the duct of the collection unit in a collapsed state. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a side view of the device of FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 2 shows the apparatus of FIG. 1 being lowered to the seabed. [Figure 9] 2 shows the device of FIG. 1 connected to a riser. [Figure 10] 2 shows the apparatus of FIG. 1 harvesting nodules. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a front view of the device of the second embodiment, with the duct of the collection unit in the deployed state. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a side view of the device of FIG. 11. [Figure 13] FIG. 12 is a front view of the device of FIG. 11, with the duct of the collection unit in a collapsed state. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a side view of the device of FIG. 13. [Figure 15] FIG. 12 is a front perspective view of a separation device of the apparatus of FIG. 11. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a rear perspective view of the separation device of FIG. 15. [Figure 17] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the tank of the separation device of FIG. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of one particular embodiment showing one of the projections, or teeth, and showing the notch. [Figure 19]FIG. 10 is another embodiment showing a cross-sectional view of one of the projections or teeth, showing the water jet conduit and water jet outlet. [Figure 20] 10 is another embodiment showing three top views of multiple protrusions or teeth. [Figure 21] 10 is another embodiment showing a cross-sectional view of one of the protrusions of the water jet and the external conduit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0109] 1 to 10, an apparatus embodying the present disclosure for removing nodule material 2 (FIG. 3) from the seabed 4 (FIG. 8) includes a nodule mining vehicle 6 having a buoyant member 8 for reducing the weight of the vehicle 6 in water, first movement means in the form of a first thruster 10 for moving the vehicle 6 vertically relative to the seabed 4, and second movement means in the form of a second thruster 12 for moving the vehicle 6 horizontally relative to the seabed 4 when not in direct contact with the seabed 4. The vehicle 6 is also provided with tracks 14 for moving the vehicle 6 relative to the seabed 4 when the vehicle 6 is in contact with the seabed 4 and for steering the vehicle 6.

[0110] Material removal means in the form of a collection unit 16 is provided forward of the truck 14 and has a plurality of inlets 18 for receiving nodule material 2 removed from the seabed 4. The collection unit 16 has separation means for separating nodule material 2 from non-nodule material such as sediment in the form of a ramp 20 having a surface 22 inclined relative to the seabed 4, and a second opening 24 for allowing sediment to pass through the second opening 24 while preventing nodules 2 from passing through the second opening 24. Bottom engagement means including protrusions in the form of teeth 26 engage the seabed 4 and engage nodules 2 located on the seabed 4 to assist their passage into the collection unit 16. The teeth 26 are located forward of the inlets 18 and extend forward of the vehicle 6 in the direction of travel of the vehicle 6. This allows the teeth 26 to engage the nodules 2 so that they slide up the ramp 20 and into the entrance 18, while minimizing disturbance to the seabed 4, thereby minimizing the environmental impact of the nodule collection process.

[0111] The collection unit 16 is provided with suction means in the form of eductors 28 connected to the inlets 18 via respective ducts 30 for removing the nodules 2 from the sloping surface 22 of the ramp 20. The ducts 30 lead to storage means in the form of tanks 32 having sloping bottoms 34 which allow the nodules 2 to be collected at the rear of the tanks 32 where they are stored before being pumped to the surface by dredge pumps 36 and a further pump (not shown) on risers 38 which transport the nodules 2 to the surface. The eductors 28 can reverse the flow of water through the conduits 30 to assist in clearing blockages.

[0112] The collection unit 16 is also provided with a first opening 40 on its rear surface to allow the lumps 2 to pass through if one or more of the ducts 30 becomes blocked. This prevents the lumps 2 from blocking the inlets 18 as the vehicle 6 moves forward, thereby preventing the respective ducts 30 from becoming blocked.

[0113] The outlet of the dredge pump 36 is connected to a connection means in the form of a latching mechanism 42, which enables the vehicle 6 to be connected to a riser 38 so that the nodule material 2 can be pumped from the tank 32 to a vessel located above the water surface. The latching mechanism 42 extends generally vertically and is pivotally attached to the vehicle 6. This enables the vehicle 6 to easily rotate 180 degrees at the end of the track, allowing for more effective collection of the nodules 2.

[0114] Next, the operation of the vehicle 6 will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0115] First, vehicle 6 is lowered from a surface vessel (not shown) to the seabed 4 by an umbilical cable 44 connected to a suspension point 46. As shown in Figure 8, vehicle 6 is then lifted from the seabed 4 by first thruster 10 and second thruster 12, allowing a latching mechanism 42 of vehicle 6 to connect to riser 38. As shown in Figure 10, vehicle 6 then returns to the seabed 4 and moves along the seabed 4 by second thruster 12 and / or tracks 14 to harvest nodules 2.

[0116] 11-17, where parts common to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-10 are numbered similarly and / or increased by 100, a second embodiment of a vehicle 106 is shown. The vehicle 106 has a collection unit 116 including a separately collapsible collection duct 130 that can be moved between a folded state ( FIGS. 13 and 14 ), which allows the vehicle 106 to be more compact when deployed to the seabed, and a deployed state ( FIGS. 11 and 12 ), in which the lateral width of the collection unit 116 is at its maximum. The collection duct 130 is connected to a conduit 150 ( FIGS. 12 , 14 ), which in turn is connected to an inlet 152 to a separation apparatus, including a tank 132, for separating nodules from non-nodule material, such as silt or sediment. The inlet 152 is oriented toward a laterally central region of the tank 132.

[0117] The separation apparatus is shown in more detail in Figure 17. The tank 132 has a body 154 that tapers from an inlet 152 to a first outlet 156 located at the bottom of the tank 132. The inlet 152 to the tank 132 defines a nozzle 158, which reduces the velocity of water 160 containing nodule and non-nodule material as it enters the tank 132. As a result, the nodules tend to settle toward the bottom 134 of the tank 132, while the non-nodule material remains suspended in the water.

[0118] Coupling with the tapered tank body 154 to direct the nodule-laden water towards the lateral centre of the tank 132 minimises turbulence in the flow of the nodule-laden water and thus minimises the extent to which settling of the nodules in the vicinity of the first outlet 156 is hindered. The tank 132 is also provided with flow redirection means in the form of a curved upper plate 162 for redirecting the flow of nodule-laden water towards the first outlet 156 while minimising turbulence in the water flow. The tank 132 has a sloping lower surface 134 that also extends towards the first outlet 156, so that the nodules tend to migrate along the lower surface 134 towards the first outlet 156, particularly when the separator is vibrating in use.

[0119] The second outlet 164 is located at a greater height than the first outlet 156, and a direct path from the inlet 152 to the second outlet 164 is blocked by barrier means in the form of a baffle plate 166 located at the top of the tank 132. As a result, when water containing nodule and non-nodule material is pumped into the tank 132, the nodules have a greater tendency to collect around the first outlet 156, while non-nodule material such as silt or sediment can reach the second outlet 164 by passing under the baffle plate 166. While suspended non-nodule material can reach the second outlet 164, it is very difficult for the nodules to reach the second outlet 164. In this way, by appropriately controlling the pumping rates of the water from the first outlet 156 and the second outlet 164, the concentration of nodules in the water pumped from the first outlet 156 can be maximized and the concentration of nodules in the water pumped from the second outlet 164 can be minimized. This minimizes the amount of unwanted non-nodule material pumped to the surface through the riser 38, thereby reducing the environmental impact of returning such material to the seabed, particularly if the amount of such non-nodule material is small enough to allow it to be transported to shore.

[0120] The embodiment of Figure 18 shows a cross-section across the longitudinal length of one of a plurality of projections or teeth (26) according to one embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen, this tooth (26) in this embodiment includes five notches (25). These notches have vertical sides or edges in this embodiment. Also, in this embodiment, the notches are V-shaped in cross-section when taken across the longitudinal axis of the tooth (26). In this embodiment, one side of the V-shape is relatively perpendicular to the bottom of the body of water in use. Also, in this embodiment, all of the notches extend completely across the width of the tooth (26), forming a channel or groove. The notches (25) can assist the nodules in moving along the tooth (26) in a direction away from the direction of movement, but prevent the nodules from moving in the same direction as the direction of movement D of the device. The direction of movement of the device in use is indicated by arrow D.

[0121] FIG. 19 shows a cross-sectional view across the longitudinal axis of one of the projections, or teeth (26), of another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the tooth (26) has five notches (25). Other embodiments may have a different number of notches (25). In this embodiment, each notch (25) has an outlet (27) from a water jet conduit (29). An inlet (31) for water travel from a pump and / or water source of the water jet system (31) is also shown. The direction of travel of the device in use is indicated by arrow D. The notches (25), in this embodiment, are configured to retain one or more nodules (2) and help prevent the nodules (25) from rolling or sliding forward, i.e., toward the direction of travel D. The substantially vertical surfaces of the notches (25) do not protrude above the tooth surface and therefore do not impede movement of the nodules away from the direction of travel of the device. In this embodiment, each notch (25) has an outlet (27) for a water jet (31), although in other embodiments, not all notches (25) may have an outlet for a water jet (31). Also, in this embodiment, the notches (25) have vertical sides / edges and are generally V-shaped in cross section across the longitudinal axis of the tooth (26). In this embodiment, the notches (25) extend the entire width of the tooth (26). In this illustrated embodiment, the notches (25) are configured so that one side of the V-shaped notch is perpendicular to the bottom (4) of the body of water. The other side of the V-shaped notch is a sloped surface of the tooth (26). Thus, the notches (25) do not impede movement of the nodules (2) away from the direction of movement D of the device toward the inlet, but they do impede rolling, sliding, or general movement of the nodules in the direction of movement D of the device. As seen in this embodiment, the outlet (27) of the water jet (31) faces or points generally rearward, away from the direction of travel D, and is configured to point in this direction. Also as seen in this embodiment, the outlet (27) of the water jet (31) faces or points generally upward relative to the bottom (4) of the body of water. As seen in the embodiment of Figure 19, the teeth (26) are partially below the seabed or bottom (4) of the body of water. A portion of the notch (25) also forms the inclined surface 20.In use, the teeth (26) move forward in direction D, causing the teeth (26) to engage the bottom (4) of the body of water. Nodules in the portion of the bottom (4) of the body of water that the teeth (26) engage will be lifted up onto the teeth (26). Non-nodule material, such as sediment, tends to be much smaller in size, e.g., its maximum diameter, than the nodules (2) and may largely pass through the spaces between the teeth (26) as the device (1) moves forward. When turned on, the water pump (31) may help move the nodules (2) up and back along the teeth (26). The spacing between the teeth (26) is configured so that the maximum diameter of the nodule material is mostly larger than the spacing between the teeth (26). In this particular embodiment, the spacing between the teeth (26) is 2 centimeters. Other embodiments may have different spacing between the teeth (26), and indeed the spacing may vary along the length of the teeth (26). In use, when the water jets (31) are switched on, water enters the tines (26) at the inlets (31), travels along the conduits (29), shown in dashed or dotted lines in this embodiment of Figure 19, and then exits the conduits (29) at various outlets (27). In use, the tines (26) may be oriented at an angle relative to the bottom (4) of the body of water.

[0122] FIG. 20 shows a top view of three of the plurality of projections, i.e., three teeth. In practice, most embodiments would preferably include more projections (26), but this embodiment is for illustrative purposes. As seen in this embodiment, the outlet (27) from the water jet (31) is located in a notch (25). The line (25) across the teeth (26) is a substantially vertical side / edge of the notch (25), similar to that seen in FIG. 19, but from a different perspective. Also shown in this view is the optional feature of a separate inclined surface (22) containing an opening (24). Other embodiments of the invention need not be limited to having this separate inclined surface (22) and opening (24). This FIG. 20 embodiment also shows the direction of movement of the device in use, indicated by arrow D. Although not shown, the inlet of the device can be positioned above the inclined surface 22 and / or above the opening 24 or tines (26) relative to the bottom of the body of water in use and can include a suction system with a conduit to transport the nodules to a container for storage or transport. Other embodiments can have different collection systems or means for collecting, transporting, and storing the nodules. Although not shown in this FIG. 20, the outlet (27) of the water jet system (31) is fluidly connected to the pump of the water jet (31) via a conduit (29), similar to the conduit (29) shown in FIG. 19. The conduit (29) is within the tines (26) in this FIG. 20 embodiment. In use, the nodules are propelled by the water jet in a direction opposite the direction of travel D of the device.

[0123] FIG. 21 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention, in which a water jet system (31) with a conduit (29) and outlet (27) is separate from the plurality of protrusions or teeth (26). This view does not show how the water jet conduit (29) is in fluid communication with the water jet pump and water source. However, one skilled in the art can envision that water can travel along the conduit (29) and exit through the outlet (27). While notches (25) are also shown in this embodiment, other embodiments with separate conduit (29) orientation / water jet system (31) do not necessarily have notches (25) and may include a different number of notches (25). In this FIG. 21 embodiment, the outlet (27) is oriented rearward, i.e., facing in the opposite direction from the direction of travel, so that water is expelled rearward from the direction of travel. In this FIG. 21 embodiment, the outlet also faces toward the device inlet (not shown in this view). Thus, again, the water jets are oriented to assist in moving the nodules on the protrusions or teeth toward the inlet of the device. In practice, when the teeth (26) engage the bottom (4) of the body of water, the nodules (2) collect at the bottom of the teeth (26) and can be moved upward and backward by the force and pressure of the water jet system (31) from the water exiting the outlet (27) of the water jet (31).

[0124] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments have been described merely by way of example and not in any limiting sense, and that various changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0125] Further Non-Limiting Examples 1. An apparatus for separating nodule material from non-nodule material, comprising: at least one container for receiving a liquid containing nodule material and non-nodule material; at least one respective inlet for allowing a liquid containing nodule material and non-nodule material to enter at least one of said vessels; at least one respective first outlet for allowing liquid to exit at least one said container; at least one respective second outlet for allowing liquid to exit at least one said container; Including, at least one second outlet is positioned at a height greater than at least one first outlet on the corresponding vessel, such that a velocity of liquid decreases as the liquid enters the vessel through the at least one inlet; Device.

[0126] 2. The apparatus of Example 1, further comprising a barrier means for blocking a shortest path from at least one of said inlets to at least one of said second outlets.

[0127] 3. The apparatus of Example 2, wherein the barrier means comprises at least one plate.

[0128] 4. The device of example 2 or 3, wherein the barrier means allows liquid to move from at least one of the inlets to at least one of the second outlets by passing under the barrier means.

[0129] 5. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 4, further comprising flow redirecting means for redirecting the flow of liquid towards at least one of the first outlets.

[0130] 6. The apparatus of example 5, wherein the flow redirecting means comprises a curved surface.

[0131] 7. The device of any one of Examples 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the containers includes a respective body that tapers toward at least one of the first outlets.

[0132] 8. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein at least one of the containers includes a lower surface that slopes toward at least one of the first outlets.

[0133] 9. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein the at least one inlet is oriented toward a substantially central portion of the container in a direction transverse to a direction extending from the at least one inlet to the at least one first outlet.

[0134] 10. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein at least one of the inlets defines a nozzle.

[0135] 11. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 10, further comprising pump means for delivering liquid to at least one of said inlets and / or from at least one of said first outlets and / or from at least one of said second outlets.

[0136] 12. Apparatus for removing nodular material from the bottom of a body of water, comprising: a moving means for moving the apparatus relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing nodule material from the bottom of the body of water; connector means adapted to be connected to a conduit to enable the removed nodule material to be transported to a vessel on the surface of a body of water; An apparatus for separating nodule material from non-nodule material as described in any one of Examples 1 to 11; 1. An apparatus comprising:

[0137] 13. Apparatus for removing material from the bottom of a body of water, comprising: a first moving means for moving the apparatus substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the body of water; second moving means for moving the apparatus substantially horizontally relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing material from the bottom of the body of water; connector means adapted to be connected to a conduit to enable transport of said removed material to a vessel on the surface of a body of water; 1. An apparatus comprising:

[0138] 14. The apparatus of example 13, wherein the first moving means includes at least one thruster.

[0139] 15. The apparatus of example 13 or 14, wherein the second movement means includes at least one thruster.

[0140] 16. The apparatus of any one of Examples 13 to 15, wherein the second moving means comprises a plurality of tracks.

[0141] 17. The device of any one of Examples 13 to 16, further comprising buoyancy means for reducing the weight of the device in water.

[0142] 18. The apparatus of any one of Examples 13 to 17, further comprising a containment means for containing the removed material prior to transport to a vessel.

[0143] 19. Apparatus for removing nodular material from the bottom of a body of water, comprising: a moving means for moving the apparatus relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing nodule material from the bottom of the body of water; connector means adapted to be connected to a conduit to enable the removed nodule material to be transported to a vessel on the surface of a body of water; Including, the material removal means comprises at least one inlet and bottom engagement means for engaging the bottom of the body of water, the bottom engagement means being positioned forward of the at least one inlet in a direction of movement of the device and comprising a plurality of protrusions adapted to extend substantially in the direction of movement of the device; Device.

[0144] 20. The device of example 19, wherein the protrusion comprises a plurality of teeth.

[0145] 21. The apparatus of example 19 or 20, further comprising at least one first opening positioned rearward of said at least one inlet in the direction of movement of the apparatus for passing nodular material.

[0146] 22. The apparatus of any one of Examples 19 to 21, further comprising a separation means disposed adjacent to at least one of said inlets for separating nodule material from non-nodule material at the bottom of the body of water.

[0147] 23. The apparatus of Example 22, wherein the separating means includes at least one surface that is inclined in use relative to the bottom of the body of water and has at least one second opening for allowing non-nodule material to pass through and preventing said nodule material from passing through.

[0148] 24. The apparatus of any one of Examples 19 to 23, further comprising suction means for removing nodular material from at least one of said inlets.

[0149] 25. The apparatus of example 24, wherein the suction means is adapted to reverse the direction of water flow therethrough. [Explanation of symbols]

[0150] 2. Baby Boomers 4 Undersea 6 vehicles 8 Buoyancy member 10 First Thruster 12 Second Thruster 14 tracks 16 Collection Units 18 Entrance 20 Lamp 22 Slope 24 Second Opening 25 notches 26 teeth 27 Exit 28 Eductor 29 Conduit 30 Duct 31 Water Jet 32 Tank 34 Slanted bottom surface 36 Dredge Pump 38 Riser 40 First opening 42 Latching mechanism 44 Umbilical Cable 46 Hanging points 106 vehicles 116 Collection Unit 130 Collection duct 132 Tank 134 Bottom surface 150 Conduit 152 Entrance 154 Tank body 156 Exit 1 158 nozzles 160 water 162 curved top plate 164 Second Exit 166 Baffle plate

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus for removing nodular material from the bottom of a body of water, comprising: a moving means for moving the device relative to the bottom of the body of water; material removal means for removing nodular material from the bottom of the body of water; wherein the material removal means includes at least one inlet and bottom engagement means for engaging the bottom of the body of water, the bottom engagement means including a plurality of protrusions.

2. The plurality of protrusions are a) positioned in front of at least one inlet in the direction of movement of the device and adapted to extend substantially in the direction of movement of the device; and / or The device of claim 1, wherein the device is a tooth.

3. The substance removal means comprises: a) at least one surface that, in use, slopes relative to the bottom of the body of water; and / or b) at least one opening, and / or c) Separator 3. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

4. The at least one surface that is inclined relative to the bottom of the body of water in use comprises: a) inclined relative to the bottom of the body of water in a direction opposite to the direction of movement; and / or b) inclined in a direction towards at least one inlet; and / or 4. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein c) in use it tilts away from the direction of movement.

5. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged in front of the at least one inlet in a direction of movement of the device and are adapted to extend substantially in the direction of movement of the device.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of protrusions includes at least one notch on a top surface of the at least one of the plurality of protrusions.

7. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one surface that in use slopes relative to the bottom of the body of water includes at least one notch on an upper surface of the at least one surface that slopes relative to the bottom of the body of water.

8. 8. The device of claim 6, wherein at least one of the notches extends across the entire width of at least one of the plurality of protrusions.

9. The at least one notch is a) vertical sides when oriented in use, and / or b) V-shape when viewed in cross section across the longitudinal axis 9. The apparatus of claim 6, 7 or 8, comprising:

10. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a water jet.

11. The water jet includes at least one outlet, the at least one outlet of the water jet comprising: a) towards the inlet of the device, and / or b) upward relative to the bottom of the body of water, and / or c) backward, away from the direction of movement The device of claim 10 configured to be directed.

12. 12. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein at least one notch comprises at least one outlet for a water jet.

13. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of protrusions, or at least one of the protrusions of the teeth, includes a conduit, the conduit being in fluid communication with a water source of the water jet and in communication with an outlet of the water jet.

14. 14. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the means of transport is a vehicle.

15. 1. A method for separating nodule material from non-nodule material, comprising: engaging a bottom of the body of water with a separator, the separator including a plurality of protrusions; moving the separator through a portion of the bottom of the body of water at an oblique angle relative to the bottom of the body of water so that the plurality of projections project in a forward direction relative to a direction of movement, wherein forward movement of the separator through the bottom of the body of water forces the nodular material up along an inclined upper surface of the separator toward an inlet, the inlet communicating with a container; and moving the nodular material along the plurality of projections toward the inlet by using a water jet. The method further comprises:

Images