Glass modules and vehicles

Abstract

The present invention provides a glass module and a vehicle. The glass module includes a glass body, an antenna, and a conductive layer, wherein the antenna and / or the conductive layer are provided on the surface of the glass module and / or at least a portion of them are fitted inside the glass module, and when the signal emission direction of the antenna is upward along the z axis, windows are provided in the conductive layer located in the same xy plane as the antenna and in the conductive layer located above the antenna along the z axis, and the orthographic projection of the antenna onto the window is within the opening range of the window.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-reference of related applications) This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application filed with the China National Intellectual Property Office on April 6, 2023, with application number 202310358449.4, and titled "Glass Module and Vehicle," the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent vehicle manufacturing, and more particularly to glass modules including antennas and vehicles. [Background technology]

[0003] As the applications of new multi-functional glass, such as sound insulation, heat insulation, and various dimming functions, become increasingly widespread, the glass combinations have also changed from simple glass with added PVB to deeply integrated combinations of conventional glass with metal or metal oxide film layers. This is equivalent to creating a single metal shield space within the vehicle interior. Meanwhile, with the development of intelligent connected cars, conventional in-vehicle mobile antennas are also being moved into the vehicle interior due to the increasing need for wireless systems such as sensing and connectivity, the desire for ultimate design from many car owners and automotive companies, and the widespread application of panoramic roofs (sunroofs), as well as design and layout space constraints. In this way, it is necessary to achieve wireless interconnection with the external free space within a single all-metal shield space. To this end, many solutions currently employ a method of directly opening a sufficiently large window in the film layer to achieve antenna performance that enables wireless interconnection. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] Since the vehicle compartment consists entirely of two parts—a metal structural frame and a combination of glass and a conductive layer (generally a metal film layer)—the drawbacks of conventional vehicle window opening methods are mainly as follows: 1. Creating windows by drilling holes in a metal frame inevitably alters the structural strength, which in turn has a serious impact on the safety of the vehicle. 2. When opening windows in the glass film layer, because the antenna operating frequency band is currently very wide, a relatively large window opening size is required to accommodate all frequency bands. This significantly reduces the original function of the film layer; for example, the area of ​​the film layer becomes insufficient, reducing the effective insulating area and drastically decreasing the insulating effect. 3. Because the design differs for each vehicle model, the antenna layout is not exactly the same. As a result, the window itself is in a non-steady state, and the resulting antenna performance does not perfectly match, which significantly reduces the stability of the associated wireless system. 4. In order to achieve the performance of the glass antenna itself, the surrounding environment must be taken into full consideration. Therefore, regardless of whether it is the glass substrate itself or the external environment surrounding the glass, both greatly affect the performance of the antenna itself, making it impossible to define the minimum boundary of the antenna.

[0005] Therefore, a new method is needed to create a window in the glass, including the antenna. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a glass module and a vehicle. The glass module can effectively restrict the direction of signal propagation of the antenna through coordinated matching of the antenna and the conductive layer window, and can effectively improve the radiation effect of the antenna without affecting the function of the conductive layer itself.

[0007] To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a glass module comprising a glass body, an antenna, and at least one conductive layer, wherein the antenna is provided on the surface of the glass module, or at least a portion of it is fitted inside the glass module, and the conductive layer is provided on the surface of the glass module and / or at least a portion of it is fitted inside the glass module, and when the signal emission direction of the antenna is in the upward direction of the z axis (i.e., the direction in which the z axis coordinate increases), the plane on which the antenna is located is the xy plane formed by the x axis and the y axis, and the conductive layer is located on the same xy plane as the antenna and the glass body. A window is provided in the conductive layer and the conductive layer located above the antenna along the z-axis, the orthographic projection of the antenna onto the window is within the opening range of the window, the antenna includes a monopole antenna and / or a loop antenna, the window of the conductive layer closest to the antenna along the z-axis is designated as the first window, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the monopole antenna onto the first window and the edge of the first window is 0.051 to 0.162 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the monopole antenna, and the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the first window and the edge of the first window is 0.162 times or less the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the loop antenna.

[0008] In specific embodiments of the present invention, the direction of the z-axis may specifically be the propagation direction of the antenna's main beam, and the upward direction of the z-axis is the signal emission direction of the antenna's main beam. In some specific embodiments, the propagation direction of the antenna's main beam may be parallel to the thickness direction of the glass module, and the z-axis may be parallel to the thickness direction of the glass module.

[0009] In the present invention, the orthographic projection refers to a projection along the z-axis direction.

[0010] It can be understood that the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna onto the first window and the edge of the first window refers to the vertical distance from the point on the projection edge to the nearest edge of the first window.

[0011] In the present invention, the surface of the glass module is not limited to the surface exposed to the outside of the glass module, and if the glass module includes two or more glass sheets, the surface of the glass module further includes the surface located inside the glass module. For example, if the glass module includes two glass sheets, the surface of the glass module includes two surfaces exposed to the outside and further includes two surfaces located inside the glass module.

[0012] In the present invention, the fact that at least a portion of the antenna is embedded inside the glass module may include cases where at least a portion of the antenna is located inside the glass module but does not directly contact the inner surface of the glass module (for example, another layer structure is interposed between the antenna and the inner surface of the glass module), and also includes cases where at least a portion of the antenna is embedded inside a layer structure in the glass module (for example, a conductive layer, a photoelectric plating layer). The same applies if at least a portion of the conductive layer is embedded inside the glass module.

[0013] In specific embodiments of the present invention, the provision of the conductive layer and the antenna on the surface of the glass body is not limited to the conductive layer and the antenna being provided on the same surface of the glass body, but also includes cases where the conductive layer and the antenna are provided on different surfaces of the glass body. Typically, when the conductive layer and the antenna are located on the same surface of the glass body (in this case, they are located in the same xy plane), the antenna can be located inside the window of the conductive layer.

[0014] In the above glass module, the glass body may include two or more glass plates, and the glass module is in the form of laminated glass. Taking the case where there are two glass plates as an example, the glass body includes a first glass plate and a second glass plate, the first glass plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the second glass plate having a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other, with the second surface and the third surface facing each other. The antenna may be provided on the fourth surface side of the glass module, or it may be provided between the second surface and the third surface (including when it is in contact with the second surface and / or the third surface), in which case the antenna may be in direct contact with the surface of the glass body, or a layer structure may be interposed between it and the surface of the glass body, and furthermore, the antenna may be provided on one of the second surface, the third surface or the fourth surface. The conductive layer may be provided on the fourth surface side of the glass module, and / or the conductive layer may be provided between the second surface and the third surface (including cases where it is provided on the second surface and the third surface), and furthermore, the conductive layer may be provided on one or more combinations of the second surface, the third surface and the fourth surface.

[0015] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, windows are provided in at least the conductive layer located in the same xy plane as the antenna and the conductive layer located above the antenna along the z-axis, thereby reducing the shielding effect of the conductive layer against signals while simultaneously achieving effective limitation against electromagnetic waves and currents. Whether or not a window is provided in the conductive layer located below the antenna can be adjusted according to actual requirements.

[0016] In the glass module described above, the window penetrates the conductive layer located along the z-axis.

[0017] In this invention, the "upward" direction of the z-axis is defined as the signal emission direction of the antenna, and the definition of "upwards" is the same. For example, in a glass module in which the antenna is located on the third surface and conductive layers are provided on the second and fourth surfaces, if the signal emission direction of the antenna is from the fourth surface to the second surface, the conductive layer provided on the second surface is located above the antenna along the z-axis, and the conductive layer provided on the fourth surface is located below the antenna along the z-axis, and it is necessary to make a window in at least the conductive layer provided on the second surface. If the signal emission direction of the antenna is from the second surface to the fourth surface, the conductive layer provided on the second surface is located below the antenna along the z-axis, and the conductive layer provided on the fourth surface is located above the antenna along the z-axis, and it is necessary to make a window in at least the conductive layer provided on the fourth surface.

[0018] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the glass module has two or more windows, the orthographic projection of the antenna onto each window located above along the z-axis is within the opening range of the window.

[0019] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first window is the window that is closest to the antenna in the vertical distance along the z-axis direction (the direction of signal emission of the antenna). Specifically, if a conductive layer is provided on the xy plane where the antenna is located, the vertical distance between the conductive layer and the antenna is 0, so the window of the conductive layer is designated as the first window. If no conductive layer is provided on the xy plane where the antenna is located, the window of the conductive layer that is located above the antenna along the z-axis and is closest to the antenna in the vertical distance is designated as the first window. For example, in a glass module in which the antenna is located on the third surface and windows are provided in the conductive layers of the second and fourth surfaces, if the direction of signal emission of the antenna (i.e., the upward direction along the z-axis) is from the second glass plate to the first glass plate (i.e., from the fourth surface to the first surface), the window located on the second surface is the first window. If the direction of signal emission of the antenna is from the first glass plate to the second glass plate (i.e., from the first surface to the fourth surface), the window located on the fourth surface is the first window.

[0020] In the present invention, the first window formed in the conductive layer is used to reduce or eliminate interference with signal propagation by the conductive material in the conductive layer, while restricting the signal propagation direction. The size of the first window is designed based on the embodiment of the antenna and the operating frequency. Through research of the present invention, it has been discovered that by controlling the size of the first window within a certain range, the limiting effect of the first window on electromagnetic waves and currents can be fully exerted, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved. When combined with the above function of the conductive layer, when the antenna has an edge recessed inward and the shape of the first window is different from the shape of the antenna, it can be understood that the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the positive projection of the antenna on the first window and the edge of the first window is the minimum distance between each point on the non-recessed edge of the positive projection of the antenna on the first window and the edge of the first window.

[0021] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the antenna is a monopole antenna, the positive projection of the monopole antenna on the first window is within the opening range of the first window, and all edges of the positive projection do not overlap with any of the edges of the first window.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the monopole antenna onto the first window and the edge of the first window is generally controlled to be 0.051 times to 0.162 times the wavelength λ corresponding to the design frequency band of the monopole antenna (for example, 0.051 times to 0.162 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency). Further, it may be controlled to be greater than 0.051 times the wavelength and less than 0.162 times the wavelength. Moreover, it may be further controlled to be 0.083 times to 0.135 times the wavelength. Specifically, the minimum distance may be 0.051 times, 0.055 times, 0.060 times, 0.065 times, 0.070 times, 0.075 times, 0.080 times, 0.083 times, 0.085 times, 0.090 times, 0.095 times, 0.100 times, 0.105 times, 0.110 times, 0.115 times, 0.120 times, 0.125 times, 0.130 times, 0.135 times, 0.140 times, 0.145 times, 0.150 times, 0.155 times, 0.160 times, 0.162 times and other specific values of the wavelength, and may also be a range with any two of the above specific values as endpoints.

[0023] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the first window does not exceed the opening edge of the first window. In this case, the edge of the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the first window may overlap at least a part of the edge of the first window (in this case, the distance between the edges may be equal to 0). The orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the first window may be completely inside the first window, and the orthographic projection may not overlap with any of the edges of the first window.

[0024] In some specific embodiments, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the first window and the edge of the first window is 0.162 times or less the wavelength λ corresponding to the design frequency band of the loop antenna (for example, 0.162 times or less the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency), and for example, the minimum distance may be less than 0.162 times the wavelength. Specifically, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the first window and the edge of the first window may be a specific value such as 0.001 times, 0.002 times, 0.003 times, 0.004 times, 0.005 times, 0.006 times, 0.007 times, 0.008 times, 0.009 times, 0.010 times, 0.020 times, 0.030 times, 0.040 times, 0.050 times, 0.060 times, 0.070 times, 0.080 times, 0.090 times, 0.100 times, 0.150 times, 0.160 times, 0.162 times the wavelength λ corresponding to the design frequency band of the loop antenna, or a range with any two of the above specific values ​​as endpoints.

[0025] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, for two adjacent windows in the z-axis direction (adjacent means that there are no other windows between the two windows, but there may be a non-conductive layer structure such as an adhesive layer between the two windows), if the window located above along the z-axis is designated as window A and the window located below is designated as window B (then the direction from window B to window A is along the direction of antenna radiation), then if the orthographic projection of window B onto window A is within the opening range of window A, and the edge of the orthographic projection does not overlap with the edge of window A, then the opening range of the window located above along the z-axis is larger than the opening range of the window located below. That is, the lateral size of each window in the glass module (referring to the size of the window along the xy plane, including but not limited to length, width, diameter, etc.) increases sequentially from bottom to top along the z-axis.

[0026] In the above-described glass module, the glass module has two or more windows, and the second window is a laminated glass window located above the first window along the z-axis.

[0027] In some specific embodiments, if L1 is half the lateral size of the first window along the xy plane, and L2 is half the lateral size of the second window along the xy plane (which is in the same direction as the lateral size of the first window), then the relationship between L1 and L2 satisfies L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh, where Δh is the perpendicular distance between the second window and the first window along the z axis.

[0028] It can be understood that each glass module generally has one first window, and there may be one second window or two or more, and the lateral size between each second window and the first window satisfies L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh, where Δh is the vertical distance between each second window and the first window along the z axis, L1 is half the lateral size of the first window, and L2 is half the lateral size of each second window.

[0029] In the glass module described above, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the monopole sub-antenna onto the second window and the edge of the second window is 0.457 to 0.701 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the monopole sub-antenna (for example, 0.457 to 0.701 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency), and may be controlled to be greater than 0.457 times the wavelength and less than 0.701 times the wavelength, and may be controlled to be even greater than 0.458 to 0.699 times the wavelength. Specifically, the minimum distance may be a range of specific values ​​such as 0.457 times, 0.458 times, 0.459 times, 0.460 times, 0.470 times, 0.480 times, 0.490 times, 0.500 times, 0.550 times, 0.600 times, 0.650 times, 0.660 times, 0.670 times, 0.680 times, 0.690 times, 0.698 times, 0.699 times, 0.700 times, 0.701 times the wavelength, or any two of the above specific values ​​as endpoints.

[0030] In the glass module described above, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the second window and the edge of the second window is 0.162 to 0.701 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the loop antenna (for example, 0.162 to 0.701 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency), and may be further controlled to be greater than 0.162 times the wavelength and less than 0.701 times the wavelength. Specifically, the minimum distance is a range that includes specific values ​​such as 0.162 times, 0.165 times, 0.170 times, 0.180 times, 0.190 times, 0.200 times, 0.250 times, 0.300 times, 0.350 times, 0.400 times, 0.450 times, 0.500 times, 0.550 times, 0.600 times, 0.650 times, 0.700 times, and 0.701 times the wavelength, as well as any two of the above specific values ​​as endpoints.

[0031] In the present invention, the shape of each window in the conductive layer is not particularly limited and may be regular or irregular. For example, if the antenna is a monopole antenna, the window may be rectangular, and if the antenna is a loop antenna, the window may be circular or elliptical. In specific embodiments, the shape of the window may be the same as or similar to the outer contour of the antenna in order to improve the radiation effect of the antenna.

[0032] In specific embodiments of the present invention, the conductive layer includes a metal element and may be, for example, a metal film layer, and the conductive layer includes one or more combinations of sound-insulating films, heat-insulating films, and light-adjusting films. Specifically, the conductive layer may include a silver-plated film, a Low-E film (low-emission film), etc.

[0033] In specific embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive layer is used to bond a first glass plate and a second glass plate. In some specific embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer may be PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), and the like.

[0034] In the glass module described above, the conductive layer with a window can work in cooperation with the antenna, and the conductive layer itself can become a functional layer that improves the antenna's radiation performance without interfering with the propagation of the antenna signal. In the present invention, the first window is the main window that improves antenna performance, and the second window can assist the first window. Specifically, by constructing the first window in the conductive layer at a position corresponding to the propagation direction of the antenna signal, the propagation path of electromagnetic waves (signals) can be restricted without affecting the function of the conductive layer itself, the dispersion distribution of current in dielectric materials such as glass can be suppressed, and electromagnetic waves can be guided to be efficiently radiated in a specific propagation direction and in a specific region, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and stability of the antenna. By constructing the second window in the conductive layer at a position corresponding to the propagation direction of the antenna signal, it is possible to avoid the conductive layer generating a shielding effect on the transmission of the antenna signal and reduce antenna instability.

[0035] The present invention further provides a vehicle in which the glass includes the glass module according to the present invention. Accordingly, the antenna in the glass module can be an in-vehicle mobile antenna or the like. In some specific embodiments, when the glass module is mounted on a vehicle, the first surface generally faces outward and the fourth surface generally faces inward. [Effects of the Invention]

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] The glass module according to the present invention can restrict the propagation path of electromagnetic waves radiated from an antenna by creating a window in the conductive layer, suppress the dispersion of current in dielectric materials such as glass, and guide electromagnetic waves to be efficiently radiated in a specific propagation direction and region. Without affecting the function of the film layer itself, it significantly improves the efficiency and stability of antenna radiation by directly utilizing the cooperative action between the conductive layer and the antenna. The glass module has a simple structure, is mass-producible, and can be widely applied to the manufacturing industry of intelligent connected cars. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0038] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the glass module according to the present invention, and the antenna is omitted in Figure 1. [Figure 2] Schematic diagram of the glass module structure in the xz plane according to Example 1 [Figure 3] Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the antenna, first window, and second window in the glass module in the xy plane according to Example 1. [Figure 4] Schematic diagram of the glass module structure in the xz plane according to Example 2 [Figure 5a] Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the antenna, first window, and second window in the glass module in the xy plane according to Example 2. [Figure 5b] Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the antenna, first window, and second window in the glass module in the xy plane according to Example 2. [Figure 6] Schematic diagram of the glass module structure in the xz plane according to Example 3 [Figure 7] Schematic diagram of the antenna, first window, and second window structure in the glass module to be measured in the xy plane for Test Example 1. [Figure 8] Performance test results of glass modules with different first window sizes in Test Example 1 [Figure 9] Performance test results of glass modules with different second window sizes in Test Example 1 [Figure 10]Performance test results of the glass module in Test Example 2 [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0039] In order to more clearly understand the constituent elements, objectives, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below, but this is not intended to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention's applicability.

[0040] In this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used solely for explanatory purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of designated constituent elements. Thus, features limited to "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features.

[0041] In this invention, the statement that the orthographic projection from A to window B is within the opening range of window B means that the orthographic projection of A does not exceed the opening range of window B, and the edges of the orthographic projection from A to window B do not exceed the edges of window B. Specifically, the orthographic projection of A may be entirely located inside window B, in which case the edges of any part of the orthographic projection of A may not overlap with any of the edges of window B, or at least some of the edges of the orthographic projection of A may overlap with some of the edges of window B, with the rest of A located inside window B.

[0042] The drawings of this invention are intended to show the positional relationships of each structure. For the sake of explanation, the sizes of some of the structures shown in the drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships, nor are they intended to show actual proportional relationships between sizes.

[0043] (Example 1) This embodiment provides a glass module, and Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the glass module. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the glass module includes a glass body, an adhesive layer 2, a conductive layer 3, and an antenna 5. The glass body includes a first glass plate 1 and a second glass plate 4.

[0044] The first glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 that are opposite to each other, and the second glass plate 4 has a third surface 41 and a fourth surface 42 that are opposite to each other. The first surface 11, the second surface 12, the third surface 41, and the fourth surface 42 are all surfaces of the glass body.

[0045] The adhesive layer 2 is located between the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 and the third surface 41 of the second glass plate 4, and is used to bond the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 4. The material of the adhesive layer 2 in this embodiment is PVB (it is understood that it is not limited to this).

[0046] Antenna 5 is located on the fourth surface 42.

[0047] The antenna 5 used in this embodiment is a monopole antenna, and its radiation frequency is 700 MHz to 5 GHz. In this embodiment, the signal emission direction of antenna 5 is along the thickness direction of the glass module, from the second glass plate 4 to the first glass plate 1, that is, from bottom to top in Figure 2. The signal emission direction is defined as the upward direction along the z axis.

[0048] As shown in Figure 2, the conductive layer 3 includes a first conductive layer 31 and a second conductive layer 32. The first conductive layer 31 is located on the second surface 12 and is in contact with the adhesive layer 2. The second conductive layer 32 is located on the fourth surface 42.

[0049] The second conductive layer 32 is provided with a first window 301 that penetrates the second conductive layer 32 along the z-axis.

[0050] As shown in Figure 3, the antenna 5 is located inside the first window 301. Specifically, the first window 301 in this embodiment is rectangular, the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the antenna 5 is λ, and the minimum distance d1 between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301 is 0.051λ to 0.162λ. In Figure 3, the antenna 5 is merely for showing the positional relationship and is not intended to describe the precise shape of the antenna (the same applies to Figures 5a, 5b, and 7).

[0051] The first conductive layer 31 is provided with a second window 302 that penetrates the first conductive layer 31 along the z-axis.

[0052] The orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the second window 302 lies within the aperture range of the second window 302, and none of the edges of the orthographic projection overlap with the edges of the second window 302. The orthographic projection of the first window 301 onto the second window 302 lies within the aperture range of the second window 302, and the area of ​​the second window 302 is larger than the area of ​​the first window 301. In this embodiment, the second window 302 is square. The minimum distance d2 between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the second window 302 and the edge of the second window 302 is 0.457λ to 0.701λ.

[0053] The size relationship between the first window 301 and the second window 302 is L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh 24 Satisfying Δh 24 L1 is the vertical distance between the first window 301 and the second window 302 along the z-axis, L1 is half the lateral size of the first window 301 along the xy-plane, and L2 is half the lateral size of the second window 302 along the xy-plane (in the same direction as L1).

[0054] This embodiment further provides a vehicle including the above-mentioned glass module.

[0055] If the direction of antenna signal emission is along the glass thickness direction from the first glass plate 1 to the second glass plate 4 (i.e., from top to bottom in Figure 2), it can be understood that the above explanation should be used to make corresponding adjustments. Specifically, in this case, the antenna 5 can be placed in a window of the first conductive layer 31, which can be designated as the first window 301, and the window in the second conductive layer 32 can be designated as the second window 302. The minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301 is 0.051λ to 0.162λ. The size relationship between the first window 301 and the second window 302 remains L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh 24 The following conditions are met, provided that Δh 24L1 is the vertical distance between the first window 301 and the second window 302 along the z-axis, L1 is half the horizontal size of the first window 301 along the xy-plane, and L2 is half the horizontal size of the second window 302.

[0056] (Example 2) This embodiment provides a glass module, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the glass module. The glass module of this embodiment is similar in structure to the glass module of Embodiment 1, but differs in the type of antenna 5 and the shape and size of the first window 301 and the second window 302.

[0057] In this embodiment, antenna 5 is a loop antenna, and the radiation frequency of the loop antenna is 1710 MHz to 5 GHz. The direction of antenna signal emission (i.e., the z-axis direction) is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0058] As shown in Figure 5a, the first window 301 in this embodiment is circular. Let λ be the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the antenna 5. The minimum distance d1 between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.162λ. The minimum distance d1 between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301 may be 0. In this case, as shown in Figures 4 and 5b, the edge of the first window 301 coincides with the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301.

[0059] The second window 302 in this embodiment is square. As shown in Figures 5a and 5b, the minimum distance d2 between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the second window 302 and the edge of the second window 302 is 0.162λ to 0.701λ.

[0060] If L1 is half the horizontal size of the first window along the xy-plane, and L2 is half the horizontal size of the second window along the xy-plane, then L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh 24 And Δh 24 This is the vertical distance between the first window 301 and the second window 302 along the z-axis.

[0061] (Example 3) This embodiment provides a glass module, and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the glass module.

[0062] As shown in Figure 6, the glass module includes a glass body, an adhesive layer 2, a conductive layer 3, and an antenna 5. The glass body includes a first glass plate 1 and a second glass plate 4.

[0063] Similar to Example 1, the first glass plate 1 has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the second glass plate 4 has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other. The first surface, second surface, third surface, and fourth surface are all surfaces of the glass body.

[0064] The adhesive layer 2 is provided between the second surface of the first glass plate 1 and the third surface of the second glass plate 4, and is used to bond the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 4 together.

[0065] Antenna 5 is provided on the fourth surface 42. Antenna 5 may be a monopole antenna or a loop antenna.

[0066] In this embodiment, the signal emission direction of antenna 5 is along the thickness direction of the glass module, from the second glass plate 4 to the first glass plate 1, that is, from bottom to top in Figure 6. The signal emission direction is defined as the upward direction along the z axis.

[0067] The conductive layer 3 includes a first conductive layer 31, a second conductive layer 32, and a third conductive layer 33. The first conductive layer 31 is located between the second surface and the adhesive layer 2, the second conductive layer 32 is located between the adhesive layer 2 and the third surface of the second glass plate 4, and the third conductive layer 33 is located on the fourth surface of the second glass plate 4.

[0068] The third conductive layer 33 is provided with a first window 301 that penetrates the third conductive layer 33 along the z-axis.

[0069] Antenna 5 is located inside the first window 301. In this embodiment, if the first window 301 is rectangular, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of antenna 5, and if antenna 5 is a monopole antenna, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301 is between 0.051λ and 0.162λ. If antenna 5 is a loop antenna, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301 is between 0 and 0.162λ.

[0070] The second conductive layer 32 is provided with a second window 3021 that penetrates the second conductive layer 32 along the z-axis.

[0071] The orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the second window 3021 is within the aperture range of the second window 3021, and none of the edges of the orthographic projection overlap with the edges of the second window 3021. The orthographic projection of the first window 301 onto the second window 3021 is within the aperture range of the second window 3021, and the area of ​​the second window 3021 is larger than the area of ​​the first window 301. The shape of the second window 3021 is not limited and may be a regular shape such as a rectangle, square, or circle. If antenna 5 is a monopole antenna, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the second window 3021 and the edge of the second window 3021 is 0.457λ to 0.701λ, and if antenna 5 is a loop antenna, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the second window 3021 and the edge of the second window 3021 is 0.162λ to 0.701λ.

[0072] The size relationship between the first window 301 and the second window 3021 is L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh 34 Satisfying Δh 34 L1 is the vertical distance between the first window 301 and the second window 3021 along the z-axis, L1 is half the lateral size of the first window 301 along the xy-plane, and L2 is half the lateral size of the second window 3021 along the xy-plane.

[0073] The first conductive layer 31 is provided with a second window 3022 that penetrates the first conductive layer 31 along the z-axis.

[0074] The orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the second window 3022 is within the opening range of the second window 3022, and all edges of the orthographic projection do not overlap with the edges of the second window 3022. The orthographic projection of the second window 3021 onto the second window 3022 is within the opening range of the second window 3022, and the area of the second window 3022 is larger than the area of the second window 3021. The shape of the second window 3022 is not particularly limited, and may be a regular shape such as a rectangle, a square, a circle, etc. When the antenna 5 is a monopole antenna, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the second window 3022 and the edge of the second window 3022 is 0.457λ to 0.701λ. When the antenna 5 is a loop antenna, the minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the second window 3022 and the edge of the second window 3022 is 0.162λ to 0.701λ.

[0075] The size relationship among the first window 301, the second window 3021, and the second window 3022 satisfies L3 ≥ L1 + 0.58×Δh 24 and L3 > L2. Here, Δh 24 is the vertical distance between the first window 301 and the second window 3022 along the z-axis, L1 is half of the lateral size of the first window 301 along the xy-plane, and L3 is half of the lateral size of the second window 3022 along the xy-plane.

[0076] In addition to the antenna 5 in FIG. 6 being located on the third surface, when other layer structures in the glass module remain unchanged, at least windows need to be opened in the first conductive layer 31 and the second conductive layer 32. Here, it can be understood that the window of the first conductive layer 31 is the second window 302, and the window of the second conductive layer 32 is the first window 301. In this case, the size relationship among the first window, the second window, and the antenna can be determined by referring to the above description.

[0077] (Test Example 1) This test example provides a radiation efficiency performance test experiment for a glass module including a monopole antenna.

[0078] (1) The first set of glass modules to be measured has the same structure as the glass module of Example 1, and the first window in the first set of glass modules to be measured is rectangular, with d11 and d12 being the minimum distances between two points on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301, respectively, and d21 and d22 being the minimum distances between two points on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the second window 302 and the edge of the second window 302, respectively. Referring to Figure 7, the size of the first window of each sample was as follows.

[0079] Sample 1: The rectangle had a width × length of 50 × 110 (mm), and d11 = 0.083λ and d12 = 0.023λ. Sample 2: The rectangle had dimensions of width × length of 75 × 110 (mm), with d11 = 0.083λ and d12 = 0.135λ. Sample 3: The rectangle had a width × length of 110 × 110 (mm), and d11 = 0.083λ and d12 = 0.293λ. Sample 4: The rectangle had a width × length of 250 × 250 (mm), and d11 = 0.715λ and d12 = 0.924λ.

[0080] In the above sample, the other minimum distances (excluding d11 and d12) between a point on the edge of the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301 were 0.051λ to 0.162λ.

[0081] The shape and size of the second window are the same for samples 1 through 4. The shape of the second window is square, and its dimensions were d21 = 0.458λ and d22 = 0.699λ.

[0082] Of samples 1 to 4, only sample 2 has a minimum distance of 0.051λ to 0.162λ between each point in the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301, and the orthographic projection of the first window 301 onto the second window 302 is within the aperture range of the second window 302, and L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh 24(L1 is half the lateral size of the first window along the xy plane, L2 is half the lateral size of the second window along the xy plane, Δh 24 The condition that (where is the vertical distance between the first window 301 and the second window 302 along the z-axis) was satisfied.

[0083] Refer to Figure 8 for the test results. The "original laminated glass" in Figure 8 is similar to the glass module of Example 1, differing only in that none of the conductive layers in the original laminated glass have windows. When the size of the first window in Sample 2 is adopted, the antenna radiation performance in the glass module is best, and the efficiency can be controlled to within -3dB.

[0084] (2) The second set of glass modules to be measured has the same structure as the glass modules of Example 1, and of the second set of glass modules to be measured, the first window is rectangular and the second window is square, and d11 and d12 are the minimum distances between two points on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301, respectively, and d21 and d22 are the minimum distances between two points on the edge of the orthographic projection of the antenna 5 onto the first window 301 and the edge of the first window 301, respectively. Referring to Figure 7, the size of the second window of each sample was as follows.

[0085] Sample 5: The width × length of the square was 150 × 150 (mm), and d21 = 0.232λ and d22 = 0.473λ. Sample 6: The width × length of the square was 200 × 200 (mm), and d21 = 0.458λ and d22 = 0.698λ.

[0086] In the above sample, the other minimum distances (excluding d21 and d22) between a point on the edge of the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the second window 302 and the edge of the second window 302 were 0.457λ to 0.701λ.

[0087] The shape and size of the first window in Sample 5 and Sample 6 are the same. The shape of the first window is rectangular, and its dimensions were d11 = 0.083λ and d12 = 0.135λ.

[0088] Of samples 5 to 6, only sample 6 has a minimum distance of 0.457λ to 0.701λ between each point in the orthographic projection of antenna 5 onto the second window 302 and the edge of the second window 302, and the orthographic projection of the first window 301 onto the second window 302 is within the aperture range of the second window, and L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh 24 (L1 is half the lateral size of the first window along the xy plane, L2 is half the lateral size of the second window along the xy plane, Δh 24 The condition that (where is the vertical distance between the first window 301 and the second window 302 along the z-axis) was satisfied.

[0089] Refer to Figure 9 for the measurement results of the second set of glass modules. It can be seen that when the size of the second window of Sample 6 is adopted compared to the size of the second window of Sample 5, the antenna radiation performance of the glass module is further improved.

[0090] From the above test results, it can be seen that by controlling the size of the first window and the size of the second window within the preferred limiting range of the present invention, the antenna radiation performance of the glass module can be effectively improved.

[0091] (Test Example 2) This test example provides an experimental study on the effect of a conductive layer on the antenna radiation performance in a glass module. The test method is the same as in Test Example 1, and the test results are summarized in Figure 10.

[0092] The "windowed laminated glass" in Figure 10 is the glass module of Sample 2. The structure of the "original glass" sample in Figure 10 is similar to that of Sample 2, differing only in that none of the conductive layers of the "original glass" sample have windows.

[0093] The results in Figure 10 show that the glass module according to the present invention has better radiation efficiency than a glass module without a window.

[0094] From the above results, it has been proven that by providing a window in the conductive layer, such as a metal film, of a glass module, the effects of shielding and dispersion on the antenna radiated signal by the conductive layer can be avoided, while at the same time the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be clearly increased and the performance of the antenna can be improved. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0095] 1. First glass plate 2 Adhesive layer 3. Conductive layer 4. Second glass plate 5 Antennas 31 First conductive layer 32 Second conductive layer 33 Third conductive layer 11 1st surface 12 Second surface 41 Third surface 42 4th surface 301 Window 1 302 Second Window 3021 Second Window 3022 Second Window

Claims

1. It is a glass module, The glass module comprises a glass body, an antenna (5), and at least one conductive layer (3), wherein the antenna (5) is provided on the surface of the glass module, or at least a portion of it is fitted inside the glass module, and the conductive layer (3) is provided on the surface of the glass module and / or at least a portion of it is fitted inside the glass module. When the signal emission direction of the antenna (5) is set upward along the z-axis, the plane on which the antenna (5) is located is the xy-plane formed by the x-axis and the y-axis, and windows are provided in the conductive layer (3) located in the same xy-plane as the antenna (5) and in the conductive layer (3) located above the antenna (5) along the z-axis, and the orthographic projection of the antenna (5) onto the window is within the opening range of the window. The antenna (5) includes a monopole antenna and / or a loop antenna. The window in the conductive layer (3) that is closest to the antenna (5) along the z-axis is designated as the first window (301). The minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the monopole sub-antenna onto the first window (301) and the edge of the first window (301) is 0.051 to 0.162 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the monopole sub-antenna. The minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the first window (301) and the edge of the first window (301) is 0.162 times or less the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the loop antenna. A glass module characterized by the following features.

2. The glass body includes a first glass plate (1) and a second glass plate (4), wherein the first glass plate (1) has a first surface (11) and a second surface (12) opposite to each other, and the second glass plate (4) has a third surface (41) and a fourth surface (42) opposite to each other, and the second surface (12) and the third surface (41) face each other. The antenna (5) is provided on the fourth surface (42) side of the glass module, or provided between the second surface (12) and the third surface (41). The conductive layer (3) is provided on the fourth surface (42) side of the glass module and / or between the second surface (12) and the third surface (41). The glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that

3. The aforementioned window penetrates the conductive layer (3) located along the z-axis, The glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that

4. The minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the monopole antenna onto the first window (301) and the edge of the first window (301) is 0.083 to 0.135 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the monopole antenna. The glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that

5. Regarding two adjacent windows in the z-axis direction, if the window located above along the z-axis is designated as window A and the window located below is designated as window B, then the orthographic projection of window B onto window A is within the opening range of window A, and the edge of the orthographic projection does not overlap with the edge of window A. The glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that

6. The aforementioned glass module has two or more windows, If the window located above the first window (301) along the z-axis in the glass module is designated as the second window (302), and L1 is half the lateral size of the first window 301 along the xy plane, and L2 is half the lateral size of the second window 302 along the xy plane, The relationship between L1 and L2 satisfies L2 ≥ L1 + 0.58 × Δh, However, Δh is the vertical distance between the second window (302) and the first window (301) along the z-axis. The glass module according to claim 5, characterized in that

7. The minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the monopole antenna onto the second window (302) and the edge of the second window (302) is 0.457 to 0.701 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the monopole antenna. The glass module according to claim 6, characterized in that

8. The minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the monopole antenna onto the second window (302) and the edge of the second window (302) is 0.458 to 0.699 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the monopole antenna. The glass module according to claim 7, characterized in that

9. The minimum distance between each point on the edge of the orthographic projection of the loop antenna onto the second window (302) and the edge of the second window (302) is 0.162 to 0.701 times the wavelength corresponding to the design frequency band of the loop antenna. The glass module according to claim 6, characterized in that

10. A glass module comprising any one of claims 1 to 9, A vehicle characterized by the following features.

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