A lithium-ion battery management system (BMS) having a compact heat dissipation structure, a lithium-ion battery having a BMS with a compact heat dissipation structure, and a method for manufacturing a BMS with a compact heat dissipation structure.

Abstract

A battery management system (BMS) having a printed circuit board (PCB) with an oblique arrangement for use with a lithium-ion battery, wherein the lithium-ion battery has a battery management system (BMS) having a printed circuit board (PCB) with an oblique arrangement, and the BMS has a printed circuit board with an oblique arrangement method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Applications This application claims priority based on U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 178,751, filed on March 6, 2023, and the entire content of the application is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This disclosure relates to a lithium - ion (Li - ion) battery management system (BMS) having a diagonal arrangement, a lithium - ion battery having a BMS with a diagonal arrangement, and a method of manufacturing a BMS having a diagonal arrangement.

[0003] The diagonal arrangement, for example, by orienting PCB components (such as conductive plates, fillers, and / or traces), MOSFETs, and / or current sense resistors in a diagonal structure or diagonal arrangement, provides a compact structure and arrangement, and / or a diagonal heat dissipation structure and diagonal arrangement, maximizing the heat dissipation capacity of the BMS's PCB.

Background Art

[0004] Unlike other battery technologies, lithium - ion batteries require a battery management system (BMS) to provide protection functions. The BMS is usually incorporated into the battery and is designed to disconnect the internal battery cells from the external terminals when over - charging, over - discharging, over - current, short - circuit, or over - heating occurs.

[0005] Since the BMS is arranged in series with the battery cells, the electronic components of the BMS must be able to handle the full current of the battery. For example, in the case of a vehicle's starter battery, this can result in a very high current, which may cause a significant temperature rise. Temperature management of the BMS's electronic components can be difficult due to space and cost constraints.

[0006] BMS switching is typically performed using MOSFETs. The challenging problem of managing MOSFET temperature rise has usually been addressed in two ways. The first is to solder surface-mount MOSFETs to the PCB using copper traces and pads on the PCB to dissipate heat. This method has limited effectiveness due to the limitations of the thickness of copper traces and pads that can be manufactured on the PCB at low cost. The second method is to attach an external heatsink to the surface-mount or through-hole MOSFET using standard methods such as mechanical fasteners and thermal conductive grease. This method has limited effectiveness due to the thermal resistance of the connections.

[0007] In addition to MOSFETs, BMS may include current sense resistors and other power electronic components that have similar thermal challenges to MOSFETs.

[0008] To handle high currents, typical BMSs (Battery Management Systems) use multiple MOSFETs and / or other electronic components, such as current-sensing resistors, arranged in parallel to handle the large battery currents. Ideally, each MOSFET or current-sensing resistor should evenly distribute the battery current and dissipate some of the power that would otherwise cause a temperature rise.

[0009] The effectiveness of heat dissipation directly impacts the number of MOSFETs required. Adding MOSFETs to the BMS to suppress temperature rise increases costs and occupies limited space within the lithium-ion battery.

[0010] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved BMS for lithium-ion batteries, and appropriate thermal management in a lithium-ion battery BMS that is cost- and space-efficient.

[0011] Furthermore, the BMS MOSFET and current sense resistor can be connected in series with either the positive or negative terminal of the battery. In either case, these components are connected between the battery terminals and the battery cells.

[0012] In batteries with small physical size, it is difficult to arrange components on the BMS PCB that have the necessary heat dissipation capacity and to distribute the current evenly. If BMS components cannot distribute the current evenly, it can lead to failure.

[0013] A common method for arranging a BMS PCB is to line up MOSFETs and current sense resistors linearly along the length of the BMS PCB. However, in many cases, it is not possible to arrange components on the BMS PCB in a way that ensures the necessary heat dissipation. One solution is to reduce heat dissipation, but this is undesirable as it causes the temperature of the electronic components to rise and can lead to failure. Another solution is to rearrange the electronic components to fit within the allowable space. However, this can result in uneven current sharing and potentially cause component failure.

[0014] Therefore, to fit into a small space and ensure even current distribution, BMS components need to be arranged in parallel. This can be achieved through the diagonal structure and arrangement of electronic components and / or by employing a diagonal heat dissipation arrangement. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0015] This disclosure relates to an improved BMS having an oblique structure and arrangement, an improved lithium-ion battery equipped with an improved BMS having an oblique structure and arrangement, and a method for creating an oblique arrangement of a BMS.

[0016] Diagonal placement provides a compact structure or arrangement and / or a diagonal heat dissipation structure or arrangement, improving heat dissipation performance by placing one or more electronic components (e.g., BMS components (PCB conductive boards, fillers, and / or traces), MOSFETs, and / or current sense resistors) in a diagonal structure or arrangement. For example, MOSFETs and / or current sense resistors are placed diagonally on BMS (e.g., diagonally on the PCB) and / or diagonally arranged PCB conductive boards, fillers, and / or traces (e.g., copper boards, copper fillers, and / or copper traces).

[0017] This disclosure relates to the oblique arrangement of BMS MOSFETs and current sense resistors on a printed circuit board (PCB). This orientation allows the BMS to be incorporated into space-constrained applications while maintaining good current distribution between the electronic components of the BMS.

[0018] The improved BMS can be used in combination with lithium-ion batteries (e.g., LCO (lithium cobalt oxide), LTO (lithium titanium oxide), LFP (lithium iron phosphate), LMO (lithium manganese oxide), NMC (lithium nickel manganese cobalt), and other suitable lithium-ion batteries), and the improved lithium-ion battery can be any of the above types of lithium-ion batteries equipped with an improved BMS that has heat dissipation capabilities.

[0019] The improved BMS PCB allows for the diagonal placement of multiple electronic components (e.g., MOSFETs and current-sensing resistors) on one or both sides of the PCB to achieve a more compact layout. Alternatively, or in addition to this, the improved BMS PCB can accommodate multiple diagonally placed conductive plates, fillers, and / or traces (e.g., multiple diagonally placed conductive plates parallel to each other on the PCB).

[0020] An improved BMS with heat dissipation features includes one or more conductive plates (e.g., one or more electrically obliquely oriented conductive plates) bonded or connected to the BMS's printed circuit board (PCB). The conductive plates are used to mount electronic components (e.g., electronic components on the PCB, MOSFETs, and / or current-sensing resistors) onto the BMS's PCB. For example, conductive metal plates are manufactured from copper, copper alloys, plated copper, aluminum, brass, bronze, tin, nickel, silver, or other suitable metals. Specifically, copper plates are made from Grade 110 copper, Grade 101 copper, Grade 145 copper, and other suitable grades of copper.

[0021] Electronic components within a BMS are, for example, soldered to one or more conductive metal plates. The conductive metal plates are connected to or mounted to conductive metal pads on the PCB by soldering, thus fixing the conductive metal plates to the PCB. For example, conductive metal plates are soldered to or along the edges, corners, and / or underside surfaces to provide electrical connections to the BMS control electronic circuits. For example, conductive metal plates may be soldered from below using solder paste and reflow soldering techniques. Mechanical fasteners may also be used to provide additional mechanical strength to withstand vibration and shock, if necessary. Conductive metal pads may be, for example, 1 ounce (oz) or 2 ounces of copper, but the thickness can be varied depending on the specific design and application. The thickness of copper on the PCB is specified by weight (i.e., the thickness of the conductive metal pad is defined by the weight (ounces) of copper that can cover 1 square foot of PCB area). Conductive metal pads may consist of a single metal layer or multiple metal layers. In some cases, the BMS PCB replicates the conductive metal pads of the PCB in multiple layers on the PCB, connecting these layers with multiple vias. Vias are drilled and plated holes between layers. Vias provide electrical and thermal conductivity between layers. This improves heat diffusion and heat dissipation, resulting in improved thermal performance. Furthermore, the conductive metal pads may include one or more metal plate layers placed between the conductive metal pads and conductive metal plates, thereby improving heat dissipation. The conductive metal pads may be connected to one or more components and / or circuits on the BMS PCB (e.g., via traces) or electrically isolated on the PCB.

[0022] The conductive metal plate is machined to the necessary size to ensure sufficient space for soldering electronic components and to maintain the temperature rise of the BMS's electronic components within the specified operating range.

[0023] The conductive metal plate is arranged as required to fit within the battery and is designed to evenly distribute current among the electronically components connected in parallel. For example, the conductive metal plate may be 1 / 16 inch or 1 / 8 inch thick and can be made thicker or thinner according to the thermal requirements of the BMS. Further, the conductive metal plate can have a specific shape (e.g., rectangular, square, L-shaped, triangular, circular, arc-shaped, symbol)

[0024] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, and the BMS includes or is composed of the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates respectively connected to the PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; here, the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; And one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0025] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, and the BMS includes or is composed of the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates respectively connected to the PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; here, the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; And one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; here, the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series.

[0026] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, and the BMS includes or is composed of the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates respectively connected to the PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; And one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; wherein the one or more BMS electronic components are arranged to bridge the same gap between the conductive metal plates.

[0027] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, and the BMS includes or is composed of the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates respectively connected to the PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; And one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; wherein the one or more conductive metal pads are etched from a continuous copper sheet laminated on the PCB substrate (e.g., FR4).

[0028] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, and the BMS includes or is composed of the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates respectively connected to the PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of a BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where one or more conductive metal pads are placed on the PCB and the corners of the two or more conductive metal plates are connected to one or more conductive metal pads, thereby fixing the two or more conductive metal plates to the PCB.

[0029] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of a BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series and multiple MOSFETs are connected between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0030] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series, Multiple MOSFETs are connected between two or more conductive metal plates. Additional MOSFETs are connected between two or more other conductive metal plates.

[0031] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of a BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where multiple current sensing resistors are connected between two or more conductive metal plates.

[0032] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series, Multiple MOSFETs are connected between two or more conductive metal plates. Multiple current-sensing resistors are connected between two or more conductive metal plates.

[0033] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series, Two or more conductive metal plates include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate, and one or more MOSFETs are connected between a second conductive metal plate and a third conductive metal plate, and One or more current sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate.

[0034] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series, Two or more conductive metal plates include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a second conductive metal plate and a third conductive metal plate. One or more current sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate. Multiple MOSFETs are connected between a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate, multiple MOSFETs are connected between a second conductive metal plate and a third conductive metal plate, and, Multiple current-sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate.

[0035] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series, Two or more conductive metal plates include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a second conductive metal plate and a third conductive metal plate. One or more current sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate, and the device further includes a negative battery terminal connected to the first conductive metal plate.

[0036] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series, Two or more conductive metal plates include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a second conductive metal plate and a third conductive metal plate, and further, One or more current sensing resistors are connected between a third conductive metal plate and a fourth conductive metal plate, and the device further includes a negative battery terminal connected to a first conductive metal plate, and a positive battery terminal connected to a PCB.

[0037] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are electrically arranged in series, Two or more conductive metal plates include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a second conductive metal plate and a third conductive metal plate. One or more current sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate, and further include a negative battery terminal connected to the first conductive metal plate, a positive battery terminal connected to the PCB, and a negative cell terminal connected to the fourth conductive metal plate.

[0038] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where, Two or more conductive metal plates are arranged electrically in series. Two or more conductive metal plates include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate. One or more MOSFETs are connected between a second conductive metal plate and a third conductive metal plate. One or more current sensing resistors are connected between a third conductive metal plate and a fourth conductive metal plate, and the BMS controller is further connected to one or more MOSFETs and one or more current sensing resistors.

[0039] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of a BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are soldered to one or more conductive metal pads, and the two or more conductive metal plates are fixed to the PCB.

[0040] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of a BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are made of copper plates.

[0041] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) having a heat dissipation function, the BMS including or comprising the following components: A printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; Two or more conductive metal plates, each connected to a PCB via one or more conductive metal pads; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap is formed between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of a BMS electrically connected between two or more conductive metal plates; where one or more conductive metal pads are made of copper material.

[0042] This invention relates to a method for dissipating heat from a battery maintenance system (BMS). The method is, The steps include applying one or more conductive metal pads to a printed circuit board (PCB), The steps include applying two or more conductive metal plates to a printed circuit board by connecting two or more conductive metal plates to one or more conductive metal pads, The process includes the step of connecting one or more electronic components of the BMS between two or more conductive metal plates.

[0043] This invention relates to a method for dissipating heat from a battery maintenance system (BMS). The method is, The steps include applying one or more conductive metal pads to a printed circuit board (PCB), The steps include applying two or more conductive metal plates to a printed circuit board by connecting two or more conductive metal plates to one or more conductive metal pads, The steps include connecting one or more electronic components of the BMS between two or more conductive metal plates, Includes, Two or more conductive metal plates are arranged electrically in series.

[0044] The present invention relates to a lithium-ion battery comprising or consisting of one or more lithium-ion battery cells, and a battery management system (BMS) electrically connected in series with one or more lithium-ion battery cells, wherein the BMS comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) having one or more conductive metal pads; and two or more conductive metal plates connected to the PCB via one or more conductive metal pads, the two or more conductive metal plates being spaced apart from each other on the PCB and forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates, and the BMS also comprises one or more electronic components of the BMS connected between the conductive metal plates to bridge the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0045] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0046] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and a plurality of electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; wherein the plurality of electronic components are arranged along at least one axis of the PCB that is positioned obliquely to the edge of the PCB.

[0047] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; each of the two or more conductive metal plates has an edge extending obliquely along the electrically insulated gap, and a plurality of electronic components of the BMS are electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates, and the plurality of electronic components are arranged along the obliquely extending axis of the two or more conductive metal plates, and are positioned to bridge the electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0048] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; wherein the PCB is provided with a plurality of conductive metal pads for fixing or joining the two or more conductive metal plates to the PCB.

[0049] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged electrically in series.

[0050] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more electronic components of the BMS bridge the same gap between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0051] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where a plurality of conductive metal pads are formed by etching a metal layer provided on the substrate of the PCB.

[0052] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; wherein a plurality of conductive metal pads are arranged on the PCB such that the corners of the two or more conductive metal plates connect with the plurality of metal pads, thereby fixing the two or more conductive metal plates to the PCB.

[0053] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where multiple MOSFETs are connected between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0054] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where a plurality of MOSFETs are connected between the two or more conductive metal plates, and furthermore, an additional plurality of MOSFETs are connected between another pair of conductive metal plates.

[0055] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where a plurality of current sensing resistors are connected between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0056] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more electronic components of the BMS bridge the same gap between the two or more conductive metal plates, and a plurality of current sensing resistors connected between another two or more conductive metal plates.

[0057] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate, wherein one or more MOSFETs are connected between the first conductive metal plate and the second conductive metal plate, one or more MOSFETs are connected between the second conductive metal plate and the third conductive metal plate, and one or more current sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate.

[0058] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in rechargeable batteries, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and The device includes a first conductive metal plate and a fourth conductive metal plate, wherein one or more MOSFETs are connected between the first conductive metal plate and the second conductive metal plate, one or more MOSFETs are connected between the second conductive metal plate and the third conductive metal plate, one or more current sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate, and a plurality of MOSFETs are connected between the first conductive metal plate and the second conductive metal plate, a plurality of MOSFETs are connected between the second conductive metal plate and the third conductive metal plate, and a plurality of current sensing resistors are connected between the third conductive metal plate and the fourth conductive metal plate.

[0059] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; and further comprising a negative battery terminal connected to a first conductive metal plate.

[0060] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; further comprising a negative battery terminal connected to a first conductive metal plate, and further comprising a positive battery terminal connected to the PCB.

[0061] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; further comprising a negative battery terminal connected to a first conductive metal plate, further comprising a positive battery terminal connected to the PCB, and further comprising a negative cell terminal connected to a fourth conductive metal plate.

[0062] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; further comprising a negative battery terminal connected to a first conductive metal plate, further comprising a positive battery terminal connected to the PCB, further comprising a negative cell terminal connected to a fourth conductive metal plate, and further comprising a BMS controller electrically connected to one or more MOSFETs and one or more current sensing resistors.

[0063] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are soldered to one or more conductive metal pads of the PCB, thereby fixing the two or more conductive metal plates to the PCB.

[0064] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are made of copper plates.

[0065] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where the one or more conductive metal pads are made of copper material.

[0066] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where one or more conductive metal pads are arranged on the PCB, and the edges of the two or more conductive metal plates are connected to the one or more conductive metal pads, thereby fixing the two or more conductive metal plates to the PCB.

[0067] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; wherein the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; wherein one or more conductive metal pads are arranged on the PCB, and the two or more conductive metal plates are connected on the underside or beneath the two or more conductive metal pads, thereby fixing the two or more conductive metal plates to the PCB.

[0068] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where one or more conductive metal pads comprise multiple conductive metal layers.

[0069] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; and further comprising a plurality of conductive metal pads connecting the two or more conductive metal plates to the PCB.

[0070] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where a plurality of conductive metal pads are connected to one or more other electrical components or circuits of the PCB of the BMS.

[0071] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more conductive metal plates arranged diagonally; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where a plurality of conductive metal pads on the PCB of the BMS are electrically insulated and provide only mechanical fastening of the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0072] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where each of the two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates has a central axis positioned diagonally with respect to the edge of the PCB.

[0073] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising or consisting of the following components: a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates; where the two or more conductive metal plates are arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates; and one or more electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates; where each of the two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates has one or more diagonally arranged edges that accommodate one or more electronic components of the BMS.

[0074] The present invention relates to a printed circuit board (PCB) used in a battery management system (BMS) for a rechargeable battery, the PCB comprising two or more diagonally arranged conductive metal plates connected to the PCB, the two or more conductive metal plates being arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0075] The present invention relates to a printed circuit board (PCB) used in a battery management system (BMS) for a rechargeable battery, the PCB comprising two or more conductive metal plates connected to the PCB, the two or more conductive metal plates being arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates, and the PCB also comprising a plurality of electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates, the plurality of electronic components being arranged along at least one axis positioned obliquely to the edge of the PCB.

[0076] The present invention relates to a printed circuit board (PCB) used in a battery management system (BMS) for a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising two or more conductive metal plates connected to the PCB, the two or more conductive metal plates arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates, each of the two or more conductive metal plates having an edge positioned diagonally along the electrically insulated gap, and multiple electronic components of the BMS being electrically connected between the two or more conductive metal plates, the multiple electronic components being arranged along the diagonally positioned axis of the two or more conductive metal plates, and positioned to bridge the electrically insulated gap between the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0077] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board used in a battery maintenance system (BMS), the method comprising the steps of mounting two or more spaced conductive metal plates onto a printed circuit board (PCB), and aligning the adjacent spaced edges of the two or more conductive metal plates on the PCB at an angle.

[0078] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board used in a battery maintenance system (BMS), the method comprising the steps of mounting two or more spaced conductive metal plates onto a printed circuit board (PCB), and aligning the adjacent spaced edges of the two or more conductive metal plates on the PCB at an angle, the method further comprising the steps of connecting one or more electrical components of the BMS so as to bridge the spaced edges of the two or more conductive metal plates.

[0079] The present invention relates to a lithium-ion battery and includes one or more lithium-ion battery cells and a battery management system (BMS) electrically connected in series with the one or more lithium-ion battery cells, wherein the BMS includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having two or more spaced conductive metal plates, the two or more conductive metal plates each having spaced edges arranged diagonally, and the BMS also includes one or more electronic components of the BMS arranged to bridge the spaced edges, each being diagonally arranged.

[0080] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) having two conductive metal plates, the two conductive metal plates being arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates, and the BMS also comprising a plurality of electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two conductive metal plates.

[0081] The BMS may include multiple electronic components, such as multiple MOSFETs. The BMS may further include a third conductive metal plate positioned adjacent to one of two conductive metal plates on the PCB, with an electrically insulated gap between them, and spaced apart from that gap; and a second set of multiple electronic components electrically connected between the third conductive metal plate and one of the two conductive metal plates. This second set of multiple electronic components may include multiple current-sensing resistors. The second set of multiple electronic components may include multiple MOSFETs. The BMS may further include a fourth conductive metal plate positioned adjacent to the third conductive metal plate, spaced apart from it, and forming an electrically insulated gap between them; and a third set of multiple electronic components electrically connected between the fourth conductive metal plate and the third conductive metal plate. This third set of multiple electronic components may include multiple current-sensing resistors.

[0082] The BMS may include a first conductive metal plate, a second conductive metal plate, a third conductive metal plate, and a fourth conductive metal plate. Multiple MOSFETs may be connected between the first and second conductive metal plates, multiple MOSFETs may be connected between the second and third conductive metal plates, and multiple current sensing resistors may be connected between the third and fourth conductive metal plates.

[0083] The BMS may further include a negative battery terminal connected to a fourth conductive metal plate. The BMS may further include a positive battery terminal connected to the PCB. The BMS may further include a BMS controller electrically connected to a plurality of MOSFETs and a plurality of current sense resistors. The two conductive metal plates may be arranged electrically in series. The two conductive metal plates may be formed of copper. One or more vias may be provided to electrically and thermally connect a plurality of layers on the PCB.

[0084] The BMS may further include multiple conductive metal pads for connecting two conductive metal plates to the PCB. These multiple conductive metal pads can be formed by etching a metal layer provided on the PCB substrate. The multiple conductive metal pads can be positioned on the PCB so that the corners of the two conductive metal plates connect to the multiple metal pads, thereby securing the two conductive metal plates to the PCB. Each of the two conductive metal plates may be connected to the PCB using only a single conductive metal pad. Alternatively, the two conductive metal plates can be soldered to multiple conductive metal pads on the PCB, securing them to the PCB. The multiple conductive metal pads can be positioned on the PCB so that the edges of the two conductive metal plates connect to the multiple conductive metal pads, securing the two conductive metal plates to the PCB. The multiple conductive metal pads can be positioned on the PCB so that the two conductive metal plates are connected by their undersides, securing them to the PCB. The multiple conductive metal pads may be made of copper. The multiple conductive metal pads may include a single metal layer. Multiple conductive metal pads are electrically insulated on the PCB of the BMS and provide only mechanical fixation between two electrically conductive metal plates. Multiple conductive metal pads can be connected to multiple other electrical components or circuits on the PCB.

[0085] The present invention relates to a printed circuit board (PCB) used in a battery management system (BMS) for a rechargeable battery, the PCB comprising two conductive metal plates, the two conductive metal plates arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates, and the PCB also comprising several electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two conductive metal plates.

[0086] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board used in a battery maintenance system (BMS), the method comprising the steps of applying two conductive metal plates to a printed circuit board (PCB), the two conductive metal plates being positioned adjacent to and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, and an electrically insulated gap being provided between the two conductive metal plates, the method also comprising the steps of connecting a plurality of electronic components between the two conductive metal plates, thereby bridging the electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates.

[0087] The present invention relates to a lithium-ion battery, the lithium-ion battery comprising a lithium-ion battery cell and a battery management system (BMS) electrically connected in series with the lithium-ion battery cell, the BMS comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) having two conductive metal plates, the two conductive metal plates being arranged adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other on the PCB, forming an electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates, and the BMS also comprising a plurality of electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two conductive metal plates.

[0088] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate, the two conductive metal plates being arranged adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other, thereby forming an electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates, and the BMS also comprises a plurality of electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two conductive metal plates.

[0089] The BMS may include multiple MOSFETs among its multiple electronic components. The BMS may further include a third conductive metal plate positioned adjacent to and spaced apart from the first conductive metal plate, thereby forming an electrically insulated gap between them, and the BMS may also include a second set of multiple electronic components electrically connected between the third conductive metal plate and the first conductive metal plate. This second set of multiple electronic components may include multiple current sense resistors. The BMS may further include a fourth conductive metal plate positioned adjacent to and spaced apart from the second conductive metal plate, thereby forming an electrically insulated gap between them, and the BMS may also include a second set of multiple MOSFETs electrically connected between the second and fourth conductive metal plates. The BMS may further include a negative battery terminal connected to the fourth conductive metal plate. Each of the two conductive metal plates may have one or more obliquely positioned edges for housing multiple electronic components.

[0090] The BMS may further include a BMS controller electrically connected to a plurality of electronic components. The BMS may further include a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to first and second conductive metal plates, wherein the first and second conductive metal plates are not arranged as components on the PCB. The PCB, the first conductive metal plate, and the second conductive metal plate may be arranged substantially coplanar. The PCB may be fixed to at least one surface of the first conductive metal plate or the second conductive metal plate. At least one of the first and second conductive metal plates has one or more openings arranged to align with one or more openings on the PCB, thereby enabling the PCB to be fixed to at least one of the first and second conductive metal plates. The BMS may further include one or more wires that provide electrical communication between the PCB and at least one of the first and second conductive metal plates.

[0091] The present invention relates to a lithium-ion battery and includes a lithium-ion battery cell and a battery management system (BMS) electrically connected in series with the lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the BMS includes a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate, the first conductive metal plate and the second conductive metal plate being arranged adjacent to and spaced apart from each other, thereby forming an electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates, and the BMS also includes a plurality of electronic components of the BMS electrically connected between the two conductive metal plates.

[0092] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) used in a rechargeable battery, the BMS comprising a first conductive metal plate and a first set of a plurality of electronic components arranged along a first edge of the first conductive metal plate, the first set of the plurality of electronic components configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate to a first module of the BMS, and the BMS also comprises a second set of a plurality of electronic components arranged along a second edge of the first conductive metal plate, the second set of the plurality of electronic components configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate to a second module of the BMS.

[0093] A first set of multiple electronic components in the BMS may include multiple MOSFETs. A second set of multiple electronic components may include multiple MOSFETs. A second set of multiple electronic components may include multiple current sense resistors. The first module may be a second conductive metal plate. The second conductive metal plate may be located on a PCB. The second module may be a third conductive metal plate. The first module may be a PCB. The first conductive metal plate, the first module, and the second module may be located substantially in the same plane.

[0094] The present invention relates to a lithium-ion battery, the lithium-ion battery comprising a lithium-ion battery cell and a battery management system (BMS) electrically connected in series with the lithium-ion battery cell, the BMS comprising a first conductive metal plate and a first set of a plurality of electronic components arranged along a first edge of the first conductive metal plate, wherein the first set of the plurality of electronic components is configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate to a first module of the BMS, and the BMS also comprises a second set of a plurality of electronic components arranged along a second edge of the first conductive metal plate, wherein the second set of the plurality of electronic components is configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate to a second module of the BMS. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0095] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the lithium-ion battery of the BMS according to this disclosure. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a plan view of the PCB of the BMS, which comprises a plurality of spaced copper plates for thermal management according to the present disclosure. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a plan view showing the copper plate mounting of the BMS to the PCB. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a side view of the PCB shown in Figure 3, illustrating the mounting of copper plates for thermal management. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a more detailed view of the BMS PCB shown in Figure 3, and the soldering layer for copper plate mounting is visible. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a plan view of another PCB of another BMS, which includes multiple spaced copper plates for thermal management according to the present disclosure. This figure shows a linear layout of BMS components. This layout is difficult to fit into space-constrained applications. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a plan view of another PCB of another BMS, which features multiple spaced copper plates for thermal management according to this disclosure. This figure shows a layout that can fit into a limited space, but at the expense of current distribution. [Figure 8]Figure 8 is a plan view of another PCB of yet another BMS, comprising multiple spaced copper plates for thermal management according to the present disclosure. This figure shows a compact BMS component arrangement. The components are arranged diagonally across the battery to maximize the heat dissipation area and also achieve uniform current distribution. This example is for the negative terminal BMS, but can be similarly applied to the positive terminal. This example also shows the copper plates used for heat dissipation, but can be similarly applied to other heat dissipation methods such as PCB copper filling or tracing. The arrangement of diagonal current paths flowing through the components (from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the PCB) provides favorable current distribution. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a plan view of the BMS shown in Figure 8, and shows the positive and negative terminal cables and wires connected to it. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a plan view of another BMS having a PCB with multiple spaced copper plates for thermal management. Similar to the BMS in Figures 8-9, this figure also shows a compact BMS component layout, with components traversing the battery diagonally. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a plan view of the thermal subsystem of another BMS with multiple spaced copper plates for thermal management. Unlike Figures 8-10, the thermal subsystem is not located as a subcomponent of the PCB. This example is for the negative electrode side of the BMS, but it can be similarly applied to the positive electrode side. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a plan view of the thermal subsystem of another BMS with multiple spaced copper plates for thermal management. Similar to Figure 11, the thermal subsystem is not located as a subcomponent of the PCB. This example is for the negative electrode side of the BMS, but it can be applied similarly to the positive electrode side. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a plan view of the thermal subsystem shown in Figure 12, with positive and negative electrode cables and wires connected to a PCB located on one of the copper plates. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is an isometric view of the BMS, including the battery housed in the battery case and the thermal subsystem shown in Figures 12-13. [Figure 15]Figure 15 is a top view of another thermal subsystem of the BMS having a copper plate with multiple electronic components in two sets. The multiple electronic components are configured to connect the copper plate to other modules of the thermal subsystem (shown by dashed lines), and may include many components such as additional copper plates, PCBs, or connectors.

[0096] The current subject can be better understood by referring to the following detailed explanation in conjunction with the attached drawings. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0097] Figure 1 shows a lithium-ion battery 10 comprising a positive (+) battery terminal 12, a negative (-) battery terminal 14, a plurality of lithium-ion battery cells 16 (for example, four lithium-ion battery cells), and a battery management system (BMS) 18. The plurality of battery cells 16 are electrically connected in series with the BMS.

[0098] The BMS18 includes a current sensing resistor 20 connected in series with multiple MOSFETs 22 (e.g., two MOSFETs shown in the figure), and a BMS controller 24. The BMS18 may optionally include a resistor 26. The BMS controller 24 is electrically connected to the electronic components of the BMS as shown in the figure.

[0099] Figure 2 shows a lithium-ion battery 110 equipped with a heat dissipation printed circuit board (PCB) 128 according to the present disclosure. The PCB 128 includes a positive (+) battery terminal 112 (having a positive (+) red wire connection 112A), a negative (-) battery terminal 114, a first conductive metal plate 130A, a second conductive metal plate 130B, a third conductive metal plate 130C, a fourth conductive metal plate 130D, a BMS negative (-) terminal 132 (having a negative (-) black wire connection 132A), a plurality of MOSFETs 122 (for example, six MOSFETs, configured as shown in the figure, with three MOSFETs arranged in parallel and two sets of these arranged in series), and a plurality of current sensing resistors 120.

[0100] The conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D are formed from, for example, a conductive metal or other suitable conductive material or composite material (e.g., copper plate, aluminum plate, nickel plate, silver plate, gold plate, metal-coated plate, plated metal plate).

[0101] The conductive plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D are oriented and spaced apart from each other when assembled on the PCB 128. For example, the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D are copper plates. Furthermore, conductive metal plate 130A is L-shaped, and conductive metal plates 130B, 130C, and 130D are square. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates may have other shapes (e.g., rectangle, triangle, circle, star, U-shape, custom shape).

[0102] The lithium-ion battery 110 can be an LCO (lithium cobalt oxide), LTO (lithium titanium oxide), LFP (lithium iron phosphate), LMO (lithium manganese oxide), or NMC (lithium nickel manganese cobalt) type lithium-ion battery, or any other suitable lithium-ion battery.

[0103] The edges of the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D are straight, and adjacent conductive metal plates are arranged with their edges parallel to each other and spaced apart by a predetermined distance, so as to form electrically insulated gaps for properly connecting or housing the electronic components of the BMS 118, the electronic components of the BMS 118 bridging each gap and connecting each pair of conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D. Specifically, the gap between conductive metal plates 130A and 130B, and the gap between conductive metal plates 130B and 130C are dimensioned to properly connect and house the MOSFET 122 (Figure 2), and the gap between conductive metal plates 130C and 130D is dimensioned to properly connect and house the current sensing resistor 120. Alternatively, the conductive plates may have edges of other shapes (e.g., circular, curved, sawtooth, extended, custom-shaped edges).

[0104] To reiterate, the MOSFET 122 and the current sensing resistor are connected between the corresponding pairs of conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D, respectively. The gaps located between the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D are electrically insulated gaps that prevent current from flowing directly between the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D and prevent electrical short circuits between them. Note that the substrate of PCB 128 is made of an insulating material that does not allow current to pass through. Furthermore, the gaps are essentially electrically insulated air gaps located between the edges of the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D.

[0105] The conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D can be formed from copper, copper alloys, plated copper, aluminum, brass, bronze, tin, nickel, silver, or other suitable metals. Specifically, the copper plates can be formed from Grade 110 copper, Grade 101 copper, Grade 145 copper, and other suitable grades of copper.

[0106] Figure 3 shows some of the structure and arrangement of the heat dissipation printed circuit board (PCB) 128. The PCB 128 is provided with conductive metal pads 134 (e.g., square copper pads) that function as fixing points, fixing areas, or fixing devices on the PCB 128, as shown in Figure 5. The conductive metal pads 134 are positioned so that conductive metal plates 130B and 130C can be soldered to the PCB 128 in order to connect or attach them to the PCB 128. For example, the conductive metal pads 134 are positioned on the PCB 128 such that the corners of the conductive metal plates 130B and 130C are located on the conductive metal pads 134 (e.g., centered), as shown in Figure 3. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates are bonded to the conductive metal pads 134 along their edges and / or the underside of the conductive metal plates. The conductive metal pads 134 may contain a single metal layer or multiple metal layers. In some cases, the BMS PCB can replicate conductive metal pads 134 on the PCB in multiple layers, with these layers connected by multiple vias. Vias are drilled and plated holes between layers. Vias provide electrical and thermal conductivity between layers. This improves heat diffusion and heat dissipation, resulting in improved thermal performance. Furthermore, the conductive metal pads 134 may include one or more metal plate layers positioned between the conductive metal pads 134 and conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D, thereby enhancing heat dissipation.

[0107] The conductive metal plates 130B and 130C are soldered to their respective conductive metal pads 134. For example, the conductive metal pads 134 are located at one or more corners of the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D. Alternatively, a single metal pad can be used to secure each of the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D to the PCB 128. For example, a single conductive metal pad can connect each of the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D to the PCB 128 (i.e., a single metal pad is used for each of the conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D).

[0108] The pair of electrical traces 136 electrically connects the integrated circuit (IC) 124A of the BMS controller 124 (Figure 1) to the conductive metal plates 130B and 130C. The structure or configuration of the portion of the heat dissipation printed circuit board 128 also applies to the conductive metal plates 130B and 130D.

[0109] The MOSFET 122 and the current sensing resistor 120 (i.e., the electrical components of the BMS) each have spaced-out connectors that are directly soldered to adjacent pairs of conductive metal plates 130A, 130B, 130C, and 130D, as shown in Figure 4. The conductive metal plates 130B and 130C are also soldered to their respective conductive metal pads 134.

[0110] Another heat dissipation printed circuit board (PCB) 228 according to the present invention is shown in Figure 6. The PCB 228 includes a positive (+) battery terminal 212 having a positive (+) red wire connection 212A, a negative (-) battery terminal 214, a first conductive metal plate 230A, a second conductive metal plate 230B, a third conductive metal plate 230C, a fourth conductive metal plate 230D, a BMS negative (-) terminal 232 having a negative (-) black wire connection 232A, a plurality of MOSFETs 222 (for example, six MOSFETs, in a configuration of three MOSFETs arranged in parallel and two sets of these arranged in series), and a plurality of current sensing resistors 220. For example, the conductive metal plates 230A, 230B, 230C, and 230D are made of conductive metal or other suitable conductive material or composite material (for example, copper plate, aluminum plate, nickel plate, silver plate, gold plate, metal-clad plate, plated metal plate).

[0111] The conductive plates 230A, 230B, 230C, and 230D are arranged facing each other and spaced apart when assembled on PCB 228. For example, the conductive metal plates 230A, 230B, 230C, and 230D are copper plates. Furthermore, the conductive metal plates 230A, 230B, 230C, and 230D are rectangular in shape. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates may have other shapes (e.g., square, triangular, circular, star-shaped, U-shaped, custom shapes).

[0112] Figure 7 shows a further heat dissipation printed circuit board (PCB) 328 according to the present invention. The PCB 328 includes a positive (+) battery terminal 312 having a positive (+) red wire connection 312A, a negative (-) battery terminal 314, a first conductive metal plate 330A, a second conductive metal plate 330B, a third conductive metal plate 330C, a fourth conductive metal plate 330D, a BMS negative (-) terminal 332 having a negative (-) black wire connection 332A, a plurality of MOSFETs 322 (for example, six MOSFETs, consisting of two sets of three MOSFETs arranged in parallel and two MOSFETs arranged in series), and a plurality of current sensing resistors 320.

[0113] For example, the conductive metal plates 330A, 330B, 330C, and 330D are formed from a conductive metal or other suitable conductive material or composite material (e.g., copper plate, aluminum plate, nickel plate, silver plate, gold plate, metal-coated plate, plated metal plate).

[0114] The conductive plates 330A, 330B, 330C, and 330D are arranged facing each other and spaced apart when assembled on PCB 328. For example, the conductive metal plates 330A, 330B, 330C, and 330D are copper plates. Furthermore, the conductive metal plates 330A, 330B, 330C, and 330D are rectangular in shape. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates may have other shapes (e.g., square, triangular, circular, star-shaped, U-shaped, or custom shapes).

[0115] Figure 8 shows a further heat dissipation printed circuit board (PCB) 428 according to the present disclosure. PCB 428 is shown positioned within a battery housing case. PCB 428 includes a positive (+) battery terminal 412, a negative (-) battery terminal 414, a first conductive metal plate 430A, a second conductive metal plate 430B, a third conductive metal plate 430C, a fourth conductive metal plate 430D, a BMS negative (-) terminal 432, a plurality of MOSFETs 422 (for example, six MOSFETs, each consisting of three MOSFETs arranged in parallel and two sets of these arranged in series), and a plurality of current sense resistors 420.

[0116] The MOSFET 422 and current sense resistor 420 are positioned diagonally on the PCB 428. This allows for a compact arrangement of the MOSFET 422 and current sense resistor 420 on the PCB 428.

[0117] Furthermore, the conductive metal plates 430A, 430B, 430C, and 430D are oriented obliquely to the edges of the rectangular PCB 428. Specifically, the central vertical axis of the conductive metal plates 430A, 430B, 430C, and 430D is positioned obliquely to the edges of the rectangular PCB 428. Alternatively, one or more edges of the conductive metal plates 430A, 430B, 430C, and 430D that house the MOSFET 422 and / or current sensing resistor 420 may be positioned obliquely to the edges of the rectangular PCB 428.

[0118] The conductive metal plates 430A, 430B, 430C, and 430D are formed from a conductive metal or other suitable conductive material or composite material (e.g., copper plate, aluminum plate, nickel plate, silver plate, gold plate, metal-coated plate, plated metal plate).

[0119] The conductive plates 430A, 430B, 430C, and 430D are arranged diagonally and spaced apart from each other when assembled on the PCB 428. For example, the conductive metal plates 430A, 430B, 430C, and 430D are copper plates. Furthermore, the conductive metal plates 430B and 430C have a trapezoidal shape, and the conductive metal plates 430A and 430D have multiple edges, each having at least one diagonal edge 430AA, 430DA arranged diagonally to the edges of the rectangular PCB 428. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates may have other shapes (e.g., square, rectangular), provided they are arranged along diagonal axes to the edges of the rectangular PCB 428.

[0120] Figure 9 shows another heat dissipation printed circuit board (PCB) 528 installed inside the rechargeable battery according to the present invention. PCB 528 includes a positive (+) battery terminal 512, a negative (-) battery terminal 514, a first conductive metal plate 530A, a second conductive metal plate 530B, a third conductive metal plate 530C, a fourth conductive metal plate 530D, a BMS negative (-) terminal 532, a plurality of MOSFETs 522 (for example, six MOSFETs with three MOSFETs arranged in parallel and two sets of these arranged in series), and a plurality of current sensing resistors 520.

[0121] The MOSFET 522 and current sense resistor 520 are positioned diagonally on the PCB 528. This allows for a more compact arrangement on the 5CB428 compared to when the MOSFET 522 and current sense resistor 520 are positioned perpendicular and / or horizontal to the edges of the rectangular PCB.

[0122] Furthermore, the conductive metal plates 530A, 530B, 530C, and 530D are oriented obliquely to the edges of the rectangular PCB 528. Specifically, the central vertical axis of the conductive metal plates 530A, 530B, 530C, and 530D is positioned obliquely to the edges of the rectangular PCB 528. Alternatively, one or more edges of the conductive metal plates 530A, 530B, 530C, and 530D that house the MOSFET 522 and / or current sensing resistor 520 may be positioned obliquely to the edges of the rectangular PCB 528.

[0123] The conductive metal plates 530A, 530B, 530C, and 530D are formed from a conductive metal or other suitable conductive material or composite material (e.g., copper plate, aluminum plate, nickel plate, silver plate, gold plate, metal-coated plate, plated metal plate).

[0124] The conductive plates 530A, 530B, 530C, and 530D are arranged at an angle and spaced apart from each other when assembled on the PCB 528. For example, the conductive metal plates 530A, 530B, 530C, and 530D are copper plates. Furthermore, the conductive metal plates 530B and 530C have a trapezoidal shape, and the conductive metal plates 530A and 530D have multiple sides with at least one oblique edge 530AA, 530DA arranged along an axis oblique to the edges of the rectangular PCB 528. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates may have other shapes (e.g., square, rectangular), but the central axis of the plate is arranged along an axis oblique to the edges of the rectangular PCB 528.

[0125] The positive cable 442 of the BMS is connected to the positive (+) terminal of the battery, and the negative cable 444 of the BMS is connected to the negative (-) terminal of the battery. A series of wires 448 connect the PCB 528 to the BMS controller (for example, the BMS controller 24 shown in Figure 1).

[0126] Figure 10 shows yet another thermal printed circuit board (PCB) 600 configured to be installed inside a rechargeable battery. Similar to the thermal dissipation PCBs in Figures 8-9, PCB 600 includes a positive (+) battery terminal 612, a negative (-) battery terminal 614, a first conductive metal plate 630A, a second conductive metal plate 630B, a third conductive metal plate 630C, a fourth conductive metal plate 630D, a BMS negative (-) terminal 632, a number of MOSFETs 622 (for example, six MOSFETs with three MOSFETs in parallel and two sets of these in series), and two current sense resistors 620.

[0127] The MOSFET 622 and current sense resistor 620 are again positioned diagonally on PCB 600. This allows the MOSFET 622 and current sense resistor 620 to be compactly arranged on PCB 628. Furthermore, the conductive metal plates 630A, 630B, 630C, and 630D are positioned diagonally to the edges of the rectangular PCB 628. Specifically, the central vertical axis of the conductive metal plates 630A, 630B, 630C, and 630D is positioned diagonally to the edges of the rectangular PCB 628.

[0128] The conductive metal plates 630A, 630B, 630C, and 630D are formed from a conductive metal or other suitable conductive material or composite material (e.g., copper plate, aluminum plate, nickel plate, silver plate, gold plate, metal-clad plate, plated metal plate). For example, conductive metal plates 430A, 430B, 430C, and 430D are copper plates. Furthermore, conductive metal plates 430B and 430C have a trapezoidal shape, and conductive metal plates 430A and 430D have multiple sides with at least one diagonal edge 430AA, 430DA positioned diagonally to the edge of the rectangular PCB 428. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates may have other shapes (e.g., square, rectangular).

[0129] The battery management systems shown in Figures 8-10 employ diagonal heat dissipation structures and arrangements to improve heat dissipation performance, but it should be understood that other embodiments may include elements that are not diagonally arranged in the BMS. For example, Figures 2-7 show various battery management systems that include conductive metal plates arranged parallel or perpendicular to the edges of a rectangular PCB, respectively.

[0130] separate copper plates While some battery management systems described herein rely on one or more conductive metal plates placed as components on the surface of a printed circuit board, it should be understood that the desired heat dissipation performance can also be achieved by using conductive metal plates spatially isolated from such PCBs. Isolating the conductive metal plates from the PCB can alleviate spatial constraints and mounting challenges when connecting the metal plates to the PCB.

[0131] Figure 11 shows a thermal subsystem 700 of a battery management system used in a rechargeable battery. This thermal subsystem 700 includes several conductive metal plates not located on a PCB. Specifically, the thermal subsystem 700 includes a negative (-) battery terminal 714, a first conductive metal plate 730A, a second conductive metal plate 730B, a third conductive metal plate 730C, a fourth conductive metal plate 730D, and two BMS negative (-) terminals 732. The thermal subsystem 700 further includes several electronic components electrically connected between the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D, including a MOSFET in a configuration in which a first MOSFET 722 (e.g., three MOSFETs arranged in parallel) and a second MOSFET 723 (three additional MOSFETs arranged in parallel) are connected in series, and two current sense resistors 720.

[0132] The conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are sized and positioned as necessary to maintain the temperature rise of multiple electronic components within their specified operating ranges. The conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are positioned as necessary to fit within a battery system and are configured to allow for even distribution of current among parallel-connected electronic components. The conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D can be thicker or thinner depending on the current capacity and thermal requirements of the BMS. For example, the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D can be at least 1 / 16 inch thick, or at least 1 / 8 inch thick. The width and / or height of the conductive plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D may be at least 5 times, or at least 10 times, their respective thicknesses. Furthermore, as shown in the figure, the conductive plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are arranged in approximately the same horizontal plane and spaced apart from each other, so that the BMS is designed to fit within the limited space constraints of a typical battery arrangement. The upper surfaces of the conductive plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are substantially parallel in the areas where multiple electronic components are connected.

[0133] The conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are substantially rectangular in shape. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D may have other shapes (e.g., rectangular, triangular, circular, star-shaped, U-shaped, or custom shapes). The edges of the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are substantially straight, and adjacent conductive metal plates are arranged so that their edges are parallel and aligned. Alternatively, one or more pairs of conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D may each have one or more edges arranged diagonally to accommodate multiple electronic components. Alternatively, the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D may have edges of other shapes (e.g., circular, curved, sawtooth, extended, or custom-shaped edges). The conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D include a plurality of openings configured to provide mounting points for fixing the metal plates to a surface (e.g., a battery case) or for fixing or connecting additional components (e.g., wires, PCBs) to the metal plates themselves.

[0134] The conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are arranged spaced apart from each other at predetermined distances, bridging the gaps between them to form electrically insulated gaps for properly connecting or housing the electronic components of the BMS that connect the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D. Specifically, the gaps between conductive metal plates 730B and 730C, and between conductive metal plates 730C and 730D, are sized to properly connect and house the sets of MOSFETs 722 and 723, respectively. Similarly, the gap between conductive metal plates 730A and 730B is sized to properly connect and house the current sensing resistor 720.

[0135] As described above, electrical components such as the MOSFET 122 and the current sensing resistor 720 are connected between the corresponding pairs of conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D. The MOSFET 122 and the current sensing resistor 720 are fixed to the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D by soldering, or, if soldering is inadequate, by using mechanical fasteners or other fastening techniques. The gaps between the conductive metal plates 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are electrically insulated gaps to prevent current from flowing directly between them and to prevent electrical short circuits between them.

[0136] The conductive metal sheets 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D are formed from conductive metal or other suitable conductive material or composite material (e.g., copper sheet, aluminum sheet, nickel sheet, silver sheet, gold sheet, metal-clad sheet, plated metal sheet). For example, the conductive metal sheets 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D may include copper, copper alloy, plated copper, aluminum, brass, bronze, tin, nickel, silver, or other suitable metals. Specifically, the conductive metal sheets 730A, 730B, 730C, and 730D may be copper sheets containing Grade 110 copper, Grade 101 copper, Grade 145 copper, or other suitable grades of copper.

[0137] Figure 12 shows a thermal subsystem 800 of another battery management system used in a rechargeable battery. Similar to Figure 11, the thermal subsystem 800 of the BMS includes two negative (-) battery terminals 814, a first conductive metal plate 830A, a second conductive metal plate 830B, a third conductive metal plate 830C, a fourth conductive metal plate 830D, and two BMS negative (-) terminals 832. The thermal subsystem 800 further includes several electronic components electrically connected between the conductive metal plates 830A, 830B, 830C, and 830D, which include a first set of MOSFETs 822 (e.g., six MOSFETs arranged in parallel) and a second set of MOSFETs 823 (an additional six MOSFETs arranged in parallel) connected in series, and further includes five current sense resistors 820.

[0138] The third conductive metal plate 830C is configured to allow a PCB to be mounted on its upper surface. Specifically, the third conductive metal plate 830C has multiple openings that serve as mounting points for the PCB. The PCB is connected to the third conductive metal plate 830C in a manner that does not interfere with the multiple electronic components mounted on it. The third conductive metal plate 830C has a larger upper surface area than the other conductive metal plates 830A, 830B, and 830D, and can provide a sufficient area for dissipating the heat generated by MOSFETs 822 and 823.

[0139] Figure 13 shows the thermal subsystem 800 of Figure 12 connected to the negative terminal cable and wires, and integrated with the bottom surface of the controller PCB 840 to form the BMS. As shown in the figure, the controller PCB 840 is electrically connected to a set of multiple conductive metal plates (830A, 830B, and 830D) and multiple MOSFETs. In this way, the battery management system includes the controller PCB 840 electrically connected to the multiple MOSFETs and multiple current sense resistors. The controller PCB 840 and the conductive metal plates 830A, 830B, 830C, and 830D are arranged substantially in the same plane. The third conductive metal plate has one or more openings formed therein that are positioned to coincide with one or more openings on the bottom surface of the PCB, thereby ensuring that the PCB is connected to the third conductive metal plate. Although the controller is shown as a single integrated circuit in some parts of this specification, the controller can instead consist of multiple separate components that work together to provide the desired control function.

[0140] Figure 14 shows a battery system 900 including a battery management system, which includes a battery 902, a battery case 910 and a battery case cover 912, and a thermal subsystem 800 as shown in Figures 12-13, housed within the battery case cover 912. Specifically, the battery 902 can be a lithium-ion battery having one or more lithium-ion battery cells. As shown in the figure, the battery management system is electrically connected in series with one or more battery cells of the battery 902. The planar and compact shape of the thermal subsystem 800 allows it to fit within the limited space of the battery case cover 912.

[0141] Figure 15 shows a thermal subsystem 1000 of a battery management system used in a rechargeable battery. The thermal subsystem 1000 includes a first conductive metal plate 1030 and a first set of multiple electronic components 1022 (e.g., three MOSFETs arranged in parallel). The first set of multiple electronic components 1022 is positioned along a first edge 1042 of the first conductive metal plate 1030 and is configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate to a first module 1062 of the thermal subsystem 1000. The thermal subsystem 1000 further includes a second set of multiple electronic components 1023 (e.g., three MOSFETs arranged in parallel) positioned along a second edge 1043 of the first conductive metal plate 1030, and the second set of multiple electronic components 1023 is configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate 1030 to a second module 1063 of the thermal subsystem 1000. Although the first set of electronic components 1022 and the second set of electronic components 1023 are shown to each include a MOSFET, either set or both sets may be configured to include one or more current sensing resistors, one or more overvoltage protection (TVS) diodes, or one or more similar electronic components.

[0142] The first and second modules 1062 and 1063 are shown with dashed lines to represent multiple different BMS components that comprise them. For example, the first module 1062 may be the second conductive metal plate. The second conductive metal plate may be located on the PCB or exist in an intermittent form, like the first conductive metal plate 1030. Similarly, the second module may be the third conductive metal plate. Or, the first or second module may be the PCB. The first conductive metal plate, the first module, and the second module may be located substantially coplanar, providing a compact arrangement.

[0143] In the above description and claims, expressions such as “at least one” or “one or more” may follow a linked list of elements or features. The term “and / or” may also be used in a list of two or more elements or features. Unless implicitly or explicitly contradicted by the context, such expressions mean any one of the listed elements or features, or any of the listed elements or features combined with any of the other listed elements or features. For example, the expressions “at least one of A and B,” “one or more of A and B,” and “A and / or B” each mean either “A only,” “B only,” or “a combination of A and B.” A similar interpretation applies to lists containing three or more items. For example, the expressions “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, and / or C” each mean either “A only,” “B only,” “C only,” “a combination of A and B,” “a combination of A and C,” “a combination of B and C,” or “a combination of A, B, and C.” Furthermore, the term “based on” in the above and in the claims means “based on at least part of,” and is intended to allow for features or elements not described.

[0144] The subject matter described herein can be embodied as systems, apparatus, methods, and / or articles, depending on the desired configuration. The embodiments described above do not represent all embodiments that correspond to the subject matter described herein. Rather, they are merely some examples that correspond to aspects related to the subject matter described herein. While some modifications have been described in detail above, other changes and additions are possible. In particular, further features and / or modifications can be provided in addition to those described herein. For example, the embodiments described above may cover various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features, or combinations and subcombinations of several further features disclosed above. Other embodiments may fall within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system (BMS) used for rechargeable batteries, The battery management system is A first conductive metal plate and A second conductive metal plate is included, The two conductive metal plates are positioned adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other, thereby creating an electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates. The battery management system also The battery management system includes multiple electronic components electrically connected between two conductive metal plates. Battery management system.

2. Multiple electronic components include multiple MOSFETs. The battery management system according to claim 1.

3. A third conductive metal plate is positioned adjacent to and spaced apart from the first conductive metal plate, forming an electrically insulated gap between them. The present invention further includes a second set of multiple electronic components electrically connected between a third conductive metal plate and a first conductive metal plate. The battery management system according to claim 1.

4. A second set of multiple electronic components includes multiple current sensing resistors, The battery management system according to claim 3.

5. A fourth conductive metal plate is positioned adjacent to and spaced apart from the second conductive metal plate, forming an electrically insulated gap between them. The present invention further includes a second set of multiple MOSFETs electrically connected between a second conductive metal plate and a fourth conductive metal plate. The battery management system according to claim 1.

6. Further including a negative battery terminal connected to a fourth conductive metal plate, The battery management system according to claim 5.

7. Each of the two conductive metal plates has one or more diagonally positioned edges for housing multiple electronic components. The battery management system according to claim 1.

8. Further including a BMS controller electrically connected to multiple electronic components, The battery management system according to claim 1.

9. The present invention further includes a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to a first conductive metal plate and a second conductive metal plate, The first conductive metal plate and the second conductive metal plate are not placed as components on the PCB. The battery management system according to claim 1.

10. The PCB, the first conductive metal plate, and the second conductive metal plate are arranged substantially in the same plane. The battery management system according to claim 9.

11. The PCB is fixed to at least one surface of the first conductive metal plate or the second conductive metal plate. The battery management system according to claim 9.

12. At least one of the first conductive metal plate or the second conductive metal plate has one or more openings arranged to align with one or more openings on the PCB, thereby enabling the PCB to be fixed to at least one of the first conductive metal plate or the second conductive metal plate. The battery management system according to claim 9.

13. The invention further includes one or more wires that provide electrical communication between the PCB and at least one of the first conductive metal plate or the second conductive metal plate. The battery management system according to claim 9.

14. It is a lithium-ion battery, Lithium-ion battery cells and It includes a lithium-ion battery cell and a battery management system (BMS) electrically connected in series, BMS is, A first conductive metal plate and A second conductive metal plate is included, The two conductive metal plates are positioned adjacent to each other and spaced apart, thereby creating an electrically insulated gap between the two conductive metal plates. BMS also, The BMS includes multiple electronic components electrically connected between two conductive metal plates, Lithium-ion battery.

15. A battery management system (BMS) used for rechargeable batteries, BMS is, A first conductive metal plate and A first set of multiple electronic components arranged along a first edge of a first conductive metal plate, A first set of multiple electronic components is configured to electrically connect a first conductive metal plate to a first module of the BMS. BMS also, It includes a second set of multiple electronic components arranged along the second edge of a first conductive metal plate, A second set of multiple electronic components is configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate to the second module of the BMS. Battery management system.

16. The first set of multiple electronic components includes multiple MOSFETs, Battery management system according to claim 15.

17. A second set of multiple electronic components includes multiple MOSFETs, Battery management system according to claim 15.

18. A second set of multiple electronic components includes multiple current sensing resistors, Battery management system according to claim 15.

19. The first module is a second conductive metal plate. Battery management system according to claim 15.

20. The second conductive metal plate is placed on the PCB. The battery management system according to claim 19.

21. The second module is a third conductive metal plate. The battery management system according to claim 19.

22. The first module is a PCB. Battery management system according to claim 15.

23. The first conductive metal plate, the first module, and the second module are arranged substantially in the same plane. Battery management system according to claim 15.

24. It is a lithium-ion battery, Lithium-ion battery cells and A battery management system (BMS) electrically connected in series with lithium-ion battery cells, Includes, BMS is, A first conductive metal plate and A first set of multiple electronic components arranged along a first edge of a first conductive metal plate, A first set of multiple electronic components is configured to electrically connect a first conductive metal plate to a first module of the BMS. BMS also, It includes a second set of multiple electronic components arranged along the second edge of a first conductive metal plate, A second set of multiple electronic components is configured to electrically connect the first conductive metal plate to the second module of the BMS. Lithium-ion battery.

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