A transmission optical system for the determined residual reflection color, its manufacturing system, and an apparatus for evaluating the difference in residual reflection color.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transmission optical system (1). According to the present invention, the transmission optical system (1) includes an optical base element (14) having a first surface (11) and a second surface (12), and an interferometric coating (13) on the first surface that provides the transmission optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, wherein the transmission optical system presents a residual reflection color by reflection on the first surface, and the transmission optical system includes a residual color identifier (21) partially based on the colorimetric coordinates of the transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and partially based on the colorimetric coordinates of the transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an anti-reflective transmission optical system designed and / or identified to have a determined perceptual color in reflection.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating the difference in perceived color in reflections between two anti-reflective transmission optical systems in, for example, a pair of eyeglass lenses.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system or apparatus for manufacturing an anti-reflective transmission optical system having a predetermined reproducible perceptual color in reflection. [Background technology]

[0004] To reduce average reflectivity, anti-reflective (AR) coatings are commonly applied to ophthalmic lenses. This method makes the wearer's eyes easier for observers to see and improves the wearer's comfort. Anti-reflective coatings are generally applied to the front surface of the lens.

[0005] However, anti-reflective coatings often have residual coloration. This residual coloration is perceived when a person facing the lens wearer is exposed to the residual light reflected off the anti-reflective coating.

[0006] Residual reflection colors can be, for example, green, blue, yellow (gold), orange, purple, or any other combination thereof. Recently, the search for new colorimetric windows for AR coatings has begun.

[0007] Transmissive optical systems, such as anti-reflective coated lenses for the eye sold under a given trademark, possess their own specific residual color. For example, in eyeglasses with two separate lenses placed side-by-side, the variability of the perceived color between lenses can be a problem. Manufacturers must ensure the reproducibility of this residual color so that the perceived color between the lenses is substantially the same, allowing for lens color pairing. That is, two lenses manufactured using the same industrial process must be indistinguishable from each other, and their residual colors must be perceived as identical by the observer.

[0008] For the past few years, the pairing of lens reflective colors has been based on feedback from color experts, and therefore relied on the specific perceptions of selected color experts. Furthermore, lenses that could not be paired were disposed of as waste at the time of manufacture, which was not satisfactory compared to a sustainable approach.

[0009] Therefore, a system or device is needed that can predict the perceived color of anti-reflective ophthalmic lenses. A system or device is also needed to evaluate the difference in perceived color between two anti-reflective ophthalmic lenses, or to pair lens colors. Furthermore, a system is needed to design anti-reflective ophthalmic lenses with predetermined perceived colors that are reproducible on a production line. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0010] Therefore, one object of the present invention is a transmissive optical system including an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident visible light and a second surface from which transmitted visible light exits, the transmissive optical system including an interference coating on the first surface that provides the transmissive optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, the transmissive optical system presenting a residual reflection color by reflection at the first surface, the transmissive optical system including a residual color identifier for determining the residual reflection color, the residual color identifier being based at least in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the transmissive optical system in the CIELab color space and at least in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the transmissive optical system in the CIELUV color space, and providing a transmissive optical system.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0011] According to a particular aspect of the present disclosure, the residual color identifier is the colorimetric coordinate L from the CIELab color space * , a * and b * , and the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space * uv , the saturation value S * uv , and at least one of the colorimetric coordinate pair u * and v * .

[0012] A further object of the present invention is an apparatus for evaluating the difference in residual reflection color between a first transmissive optical system and a second transmissive optical system, each of the first transmissive optical system and the second transmissive optical system including an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident visible light and a second surface from which transmitted visible light exits, each of the first transmissive optical system and the second transmissive optical system including an interference coating on the first surface that provides each of the first transmissive optical system and the second transmissive optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, each of the first transmissive optical system and the second transmissive optical system presenting a residual reflection color by reflection at the first surface, - An identification system adapted to read or determine the residual color identifiers of a first and a second transmission optical system, wherein the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system is based in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space, and the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system is based in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space. - A pairing unit adapted to determine the difference in residual reflection color between a first transmission optical system and a second transmission optical system, wherein the above difference in residual reflection color is based on a comparison between the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system and the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system. The objective is to provide an apparatus that includes [this].

[0013] In a particular embodiment, the pairing unit is adapted to determine whether the difference in residual reflection color falls within a predetermined multidimensional pairing range.

[0014] Advantageously, the above difference in residual reflection color corresponds to the colorimetric coordinate a in the CIELab color space. * and b * The hue deviation parameter ΔH derived from this * And the difference in brightness ΔL from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space. * and the saturation difference ΔS from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. * Includes a parameter set that includes the shades of the hue parameter.

[0015] According to another advantageous particular embodiment, the pairing unit has a hue deviation parameter ΔH * The default pairing range for hue deviation (ΔH * min ,ΔH * max It is adapted to determine whether it is included in ), and the pairing unit is a lightness difference ΔL * and saturation difference ΔS *It is adapted to determine whether the value falls within the default two-dimensional pairing range for brightness and saturation differences.

[0016] Preferably, the default pairing range of hue deviation (ΔH * min ,ΔH * max The hue angle value is dependent on the default two-dimensional pairing range for lightness and saturation differences, and the hue angle value is also dependent on the default two-dimensional pairing range for lightness and saturation differences.

[0017] According to further aspects of this disclosure, the hue deviation parameter ΔH of the first transmission optical system compared with the second transmission optical system. * teeth,

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[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the multidimensional pairing range is determined by machine learning, which includes, as input data, a visual inspection of a collection of transmissive optical systems compared to a reference optical system having a target residual reflection color, and as output data, the activation or deactivation of pairing between the reference optical system and one of the transmissive optical systems of the collection.

[0019] Advantageously, the device includes a database of residual color identifiers for transmitted optical systems, and in the above database, the device includes a hue deviation parameter ΔH * However, the default pairing range for hue deviation (ΔH * min ,ΔH * max ) is included in the brightness difference ΔL * and saturation difference ΔS * However, it is adapted to select a pair of transmission optical systems having a difference in residual reflection color that falls within a default two-dimensional pairing range of brightness and saturation differences.

[0020] In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a sorting module adapted to classify pairs of transmission optical systems within a determined pairing range as a function of the hue angle value and / or as a function of the difference in residual reflection color between the two transmission optical systems of each pair.

[0021] In another embodiment, the identification system is i. A removal unit adapted to remove at least a portion of the protective outer layer formed on the coherent coating and define a zone of the coherent coating without the protective outer layer, ii. A measuring unit adapted to provide measurement and / or calculation from a zone of coherent coating without the protective outer layer, wherein the measurement and / or calculation is performed using colorimetric coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space. * uv Saturation value S * uv , or colorimetric coordinate pair u * and v * A measuring unit including at least one of the following, iii. An identification unit adapted to create a residual color identifier from measurements and / or calculations performed by the measurement unit. Includes.

[0022] A further object of the present invention is a system for manufacturing a transmission optical system comprising an optical base element and an coherent coating on at least one surface of the base element, wherein the coherent coating provides the transmission optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, and the transmission optical system exhibits a predetermined residual reflection color due to reflection on the surface. - A computer system including optical design software, wherein the optical design software is a) Defining a theoretical coherent coating including a laminate of dielectric layers, wherein the theoretical coherent coating has an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less. b) Calculating the nominal hue angle and nominal residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space and partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space of the theoretical coherent coating, c) Defining the range of manufacturing variations in the dielectric layer stack in order to form a predictable coherent coating assembly, d) For each of the predictable coherent coatings of the aggregate, calculate the predictable hue angle and predictable residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space and partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. e) For each of the predictable coherent coatings of the aggregate, calculate the difference in residual color between the predictable coherent coating and the theoretical coherent coating based on the predictable residual color identifier of the predictable coherent coating and the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating, f) Enabling or disabling whether each predictable coherence coating of the collection presents a difference in residual reflectance color between a theoretical coherence coating and a theoretical coherence coating within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the theoretical coherence coating's nominal residual color identifier, using a pairing database that stores a default multidimensional pairing range as a function of a default hue angle, wherein the multidimensional pairing range includes a pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness difference and chroma difference associated with the nominal hue angle and the nominal residual color identifier. A computer system adapted to perform the following tasks: - A verification unit adapted to adjust the stack of dielectric layers of theoretical coherent coatings until a predetermined number or percentage of predictable coherent coating assemblies falls within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherent coatings, - A deposition unit for depositing a laminate of dielectric layers with theoretically coherent coating onto an optical base element. The goal is to provide a system that includes [this].

[0023] According to a particular embodiment, the system for manufacturing, in step b), the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating is obtained from the colorimetric coordinate L in the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space. * uv Saturation value S * uv , and the colorimetric coordinate pair u * and v * Based on at least one of the following, In step d), each predictable residual color identifier of the predictable coherence coating is the colorimetric coordinate L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space. * uv Saturation value S* uv , or colorimetric coordinate pair u * and v * Based on at least one of the following, In step e), the difference in residual reflection color between each of the predictable coherent coatings and the theoretical coherent coating is the colorimetric coordinate a in the CIELab color space for each of the predictable coherent coatings and the theoretical coherent coating. * and b * The hue deviation parameter ΔH derived from this * And the difference in brightness ΔL from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space. * and the saturation difference ΔS from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. * It is configured to include the shades of the hue parameter, including the chromaticity of the color.

[0024] In a further embodiment, the system for manufacturing includes a hue deviation parameter ΔH between each of the predictable coherent coatings and the theoretical coherent coating. * but

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[0025] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, will clarify what constitutes the present invention and how it can be achieved. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings. Therefore, where reference numerals follow features mentioned in the claims, such numerals are included solely for the purpose of improving the understanding of the claims and should not be understood as limiting the scope of the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0026] [Figure 1] A schematic side view of a transmission optical system having incident light, transmitted light, and reflected light is shown. [Figure 2] The diagram shows two transmissive optical systems with anti-reflective coatings on their convex and concave surfaces, and the two transmissive optical systems exhibit different residual reflection colors due to reflection. [Figure 3] The graph shows the perceived luminance, brightness, and saturation of residual reflections for a collection of transmissive optical systems with an anti-reflective coating on the convex side that present slightly different residual reflection colors due to reflection. The horizontal axis represents a function of the colorimetric coordinate L*, and the vertical axis represents a function of the saturation value S* uv. Points represented by squares correspond to lenses that appear more vivid in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrows, points represented by triangles correspond to lenses that appear brighter in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrows, and points represented by ribbons correspond to lenses that appear more dazzling in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrows. [Figure 4] This graph shows the hue deviation parameter ΔH* of the color palettes of various transmission optical systems with orange AR lenses. [Figure 5] The graphs show the perceived luminance, brightness, and saturation of residual reflections of different families of AR lenses, with the horizontal axis representing a function of saturation difference ΔS* and the vertical axis representing a function of brightness difference ΔL*. [Figure 6] This shows graphs of the hue deviation parameter ΔH* for various AR green lenses. [Figure 7]The graphs show the perceived luminance, brightness, and saturation of residual reflections of various green lenses, with the horizontal axis representing a function of saturation difference ΔS* and the vertical axis representing a function of brightness difference ΔL*. [Figure 8] A schematic diagram of a device for evaluating the difference in residual reflection color between two transmission optical systems is shown. [Figure 9] A schematic diagram illustrates a system for manufacturing a transmitted optical system with an anti-reflective coherent coating that exhibits a predetermined residual reflection color. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0027] In the following description, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and certain features may be shown in a generalized or schematic form for clarity and conciseness or for informational purposes. In addition, while the creation and use of various embodiments are discussed in detail below, it should be understood that many inventive concepts are provided that can be embodied in a variety of situations, as described herein. The embodiments discussed herein are merely representative and do not limit the scope of the invention. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that all technical features defined in relation to a process can be replaced individually or in combination with those of a device, and conversely, all technical features defined in relation to a device can be replaced individually or in combination with those of a process.

[0028] definition The average visible light reflectance Rv corresponds to the reflectance integrated over the visible spectrum from 380 nm to 780 nm, weighted by the CIE observer's eye energy sensitivity curve over the visible spectrum from 380 nm to 780 nm under daylight illuminant. More precisely, the average visible light reflectance Rv is given by the following equation, i.e.,

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[0029] device Figure 1 shows an exemplary transmission optical system 1 according to the present disclosure. The transmission optical system 1 includes an optical base element 14 or a substrate.

[0030] The optical base element 14 may be an optically transparent material having the shape of a transmission optical system, and may be, for example, an ophthalmic lens intended to be attached to a pair of spectacle lenses. In this context, the term “substrate” means the base constituent material of the transmission optical system (more specifically, the ophthalmic lens). This material functions as a support for a laminate of one or more coatings or layers.

[0031] The substrate of the transmission optical system 1 can have the shape of a convex-convex lens, as shown in Figure 1, with a convex front surface 11 and a concave rear surface 12. Alternatively, the front surface 11 and / or rear surface 12 may be flat surfaces.

[0032] The transmission optical system 1 includes an anti-reflective coating made of an interferential coating 13 deposited on the front surface 11 of the substrate. In this disclosure, it should be understood that a layer or coating deposited on or to be deposited on the substrate means that the layer or coating is deposited on the outer surface of the outer coating of the article, which is the coating furthest from the substrate. The transmission optical system 1 also includes a residual color identifier 21, as disclosed in detail below.

[0033] In the example shown in Figure 1, the coherent coating 13 is deposited over the surface area of ​​the front surface 11. However, the surface area to which the coherent coating 13 is applied does not necessarily have to be the entire surface of the front surface 11.

[0034] The coherent coating 13 includes a multilayer laminate of dielectric layers. The number of layers in the laminate ranges from 2 to 10, generally between 4 and 6. Each layer of the laminate and the laminate itself have a uniform thickness across the surface area to which the coating is deposited.

[0035] The interferential coating may be deposited directly onto a bare substrate. Typically, it is preferable to coat the main surface of the substrate with one or more functional coatings that improve its optical and / or mechanical properties before depositing the anti-reflective coating. These functional coatings conventionally used in optics may include, but are not limited to, an impact-resistant primer layer, an abrasion-resistant and / or scratch-resistant coating (hard coat), a polarizing coating, an antistatic coating, a photochromic coating, a colored coating, or a laminate made of two or more such coatings.

[0036] Figure 1 also shows the light source 5 that generates the incident light ray 10 directed towards the transmission optical system 1, as well as the two main optical paths of the light ray. When the transmitted light passes through the first surface 11, the optical base element 14, and the second surface 12 of the lens, the transmitted light ray 30 is formed.

[0037] The coherent coating 13 is designed to provide a passing optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, preferably 2% or less. In other words, the coherent coating 13 transmits most of the incident light rays 10. However, the average visible light reflectance Rv is not null. Therefore, the coherent multilayer coating 13 reflects a small portion of the incident light rays, forming reflected light rays 20.

[0038] An observer looking at the front surface 11 of the transmission optical system receives reflected light rays 20. The observer perceives a residual reflection color that depends on the coherent coating 13, and in particular on the various thicknesses and compositions of the layers of the multilayer laminate. Slight variations in the multilayer laminate can cause differences in the perception of the residual reflection color. Furthermore, the perception of the residual reflection color may depend on the observer. Therefore, it has been difficult to accurately predict the residual reflection color of a coherent coating in the prior art.

[0039] Figure 2 shows two transmitted optical systems 1 and 2. More precisely, in this example, the lenses have negative refractive power and are observed from the observer's viewpoint (opposite to the wearer's viewpoint). As a result, the upper reflection 20 is the reflected color of the front / convex surface of lenses 1 and 2, respectively, and the smaller lower reflection 24 is the reflected color of the opposite rear / convex surface of lenses 1 and 2, respectively. This would be reversed for lenses with positive refractive power.

[0040] This reflection 20 is obtained by illuminating a lens placed on a black background with a rectangular diffuse light source. The observation angle is approximately 15 degrees (though not precisely). The image is sharp because the camera is in focus on the reflection. On their front surfaces, each of the transmission optics 1 and 2 has an coherent coating 13 and 23, respectively, and is designed to provide each of the transmission optics 1 and 2 with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less. In this example, the reflection 20 of transmission optics 1 appears to have a green residual reflection color, while the reflection 20 of transmission optics 2 appears to have a yellowish-green residual reflection color. Such a difference in residual reflection color can result in an undesirable appearance when the two transmission optics 1 and 2 are mounted in the same frame to form a pair of spectacle lenses. This difference in residual reflection color illustrates the difficulty of lens color pairing.

[0041] Each of the transmitted optical systems 1 and 2 includes residual color identifiers 21 and 22, respectively. For example, the residual color identifiers 21 and 22 consist of a text identifier provided in a pocket associated with the lens, including a combination of alphanumeric characters, and / or a safety identification mark such as a barcode or QR code (registered trademark). The residual color identifier is incorporated into the lens itself as an embedded safety identification mark, for example, in a holographic device containing a holographic recording manufactured by holographic techniques. Alternatively, the residual color identifier is printed on a label placed on the front of each transmitted optical system. Each residual color identifier is associated with a specific set of color coordinates representing the perceived residual reflection color of the transmitted optical system with an AR coating.

[0042] More precisely, the visual attributes of the perceived residual reflection color of an AR coating can be sorted into two main categories. The first category is related to hue, and the second category is related to the intensity of the hue. Hue indicates the nature of the color, i.e., red, green, blue, yellow, etc. Hue corresponds to the usual meaning of color. Intensity of hue includes four other aspects used to identify the perceived residual reflection color. Saturation represents the intensity or purity of the color. Brightness represents whether the color is bright, glossy, or, conversely, dull. Lightness (or "clarte" in French) represents the change from a dark color to a bright white reflection. The fourth aspect is vivid or pale color. Vivid colors are bright and dazzling colors, while pale colors are dull and dull colors. Several lens color palettes have been developed, each associated with different brightness, different saturation, and different lightness for the same hue. These color palettes can be used as a reference for visual comparison of AR coatings.

[0043] This disclosure proposes a tool for predicting and quantitatively evaluating the remanent reflection color of an coherent coating, and for evaluating the difference in remanent reflection color between a pair of transmissive optical systems.

[0044] Prior art colorimeters use the tricolor coordinates (L) in the CIELab color space. *, a * , b * By measuring a set of (), the color of an object or surface, such as an interference coating, is determined. The CIELab color space was defined in 1976 by the International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE), and L * represents the perceived lightness, and a * and b * represent the colors perceived by human vision, namely, red, green, blue, and yellow. The three-color coordinates (L * , a * , b * ) can be converted to polar coordinates L * , C * ab , h°, where the hue angle or hue h° = (180 / π). arctang(b * / a * ) and chroma

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[0045] The color of the surface is defined by a point having coordinates (L * , a * , b * ) in the CIELab color space. Here, a * measures the shift from red to green, and b * measures the shift from yellow to blue. The hue angle (h) represents color perception, and the chroma C * ab value represents the position on a color scale from the sense of color purity, that is, from black to achromatic white (i.e., white without color tone), and to a saturated monochromatic color with a completely pure color tone. As used herein, a perceived chromatic color means a color perceived as having a color tone. The color tone or hue represents the visual sensory attribute that gives rise to the common color names such as blue, green, yellow, red, purple, etc.

[0046] However, the three-color coordinates (L * , a * , b * ) and the hue and chroma C derived therefrom * ab do not enable the residual reflection color of the antireflection coating to be correctly identified, or the difference in the residual reflection color between two antireflection coatings to be evaluated.

[0047] According to the present disclosure, the residual reflection color of the antireflection coating is further defined by at least one parameter outside the CIELab color space. More precisely, the CIELUV color space, another color space, is used. The CIELUV color space was defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976 and is specialized in determining the color of light and light sources such as electronic screens. The CIELUV color space is defined by another set of three-color coordinates (L * , u * , v * ), where L * is lightness, and u * and v * represent the color of light and light sources perceived by the human visual system. The colorimetric coordinates (L * , u * , v * ) in the CIELUV color space can be converted to chroma

Equation

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[0048] It is outlined that the saturation S in the CIELUV color space * has no corresponding equivalent in the L * a * b * color space.

[0049] In this specification, the residual reflective color of an anti-reflective coating is determined by a combination of color coordinates in the CIELab color space and color coordinates in the CIELUV color space. More precisely, the perceived visual attributes of the AR color are divided into two groups. The first group consists of hues that indicate the properties of the color (red, green, blue, etc.), and the second group includes shades of hue that depend on saturation, luminance, and / or lightness.

[0050] Preferably, the residual reflection color of the anti-reflective coating is, as specified herein, determined by at least four parameters, namely, the colorimetric coordinate L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * and chroma values ​​from the CIELUV color space

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[0051] The residual color identifier allows for more accurate prediction of the residual reflection color of an anti-reflective coating than color coordinates based solely on the CIELab color space. * a * b * Contrary to the common understanding that a surface behaves only as a surface that generates a residual color that can be fully defined by color coordinates, the residual color identifiers defined herein appear to take into account that an anti-reflective coating generates a residual color both as a surface and as a secondary light source. From this disclosure, L * a * b *While color coordinates only partially define the residual color of an AR coating, residual color identifiers fully define the residual color of an anti-reflective coating as perceived by the human eye. Residual color identifiers enable rapid quantification of evaluations performed by color experts. They also ensure the residual color of any manufactured transmissive optics with an AR coating.

[0052] The difference in residual color between two optical systems with anti-reflective coatings can be expressed by comparing the residual color identifiers of the two optical systems. This difference in residual color is useful for predicting the tolerance of pairing between the two anti-reflective coatings, based on at least four parameters.

[0053] This specification describes a hue deviation parameter ΔH for evaluating the perception of the difference in hue between two transmitted optical systems with anti-reflective coatings. * The hue deviation parameter ΔH is defined. * This is based on color coordinates in the CIELab color space.

[0054] Saturation difference ΔS is expressed only in the CIELUV color space. * , and brightness difference ΔL * This is used to determine the perception of differences in hue intensity. (Brightness difference ΔL) * It is represented in either the CIELUV color space or the CIELab color space.

[0055] The difference in residual reflection color is, for example, measured using the colorimetric coordinate a in the CIELab color space. * and b * The hue deviation parameter ΔH derived from this * And the difference in brightness ΔL from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space. * and the saturation difference ΔS from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. * Includes a parameter set that includes the shades of the hue parameter.

[0056] Thus, the difference between all colors of residual reflections in an optical system with an anti-reflective coating is the hue deviation parameter ΔH * The one-dimensional scale and the difference in brightness and saturation (ΔL) * ,ΔS * This can be represented using a two-dimensional mapping of ).

[0057] Now let's consider a first transmission optical system 1 with an anti-reflective coating 13 and a second transmission optical system 2 with another anti-reflective coating 23. The colorimetric coordinate a of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space. * , b * and Chroma

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[0058] To compare the first transmission optical system 1 with the reference second transmission optical system 2, the hue deviation parameter ΔH * In this specification, it is defined as follows:

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[0059] ΔH is always positive ab In contrast to the parameter, the hue deviation parameter ΔH * It has a sign that depends on the selected criteria. ΔH * and ΔH ab The above equation compares the first transmission optical system 1 with the second transmission optical system 2. When comparing the second transmission optical system 2 with the reference first transmission optical system 1, the hue deviation parameter ΔH * While ΔH has the opposite sign, ab It does not change.

[0060] Saturation difference ΔS * It is defined as follows:

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[0061] Brightness difference ΔL for comparing the brightness of the second transmission optical system 1 with the brightness of the reference first transmission optical system 2. * In this specification, it is defined as follows:

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[0062] Despite the fact that the anti-reflective coating is not a light source, at least some of the coordinates in the CIELUV color space are advantageously combined with the coordinates in the CIELab color space to accurately define the residual color of this anti-reflective coating.

[0063] Figure 3 shows that the horizontal axis represents brightness L. * As a function of, and on the vertical axis saturation S * uv The perceived changes in saturation, lightness, and luminance as functions of chrominometry are shown, defined in the CIELUV color space and calculated for a color palette of transmitted optical lenses with similar blue AR coatings. In Figure 3, subsets of the color palette with increasing saturation are represented by squares, subsets of the color palette with increasing luminance are represented by diamonds, and subsets of the color palette with increasing lightness are represented by triangles. In Figure 3, vertical arrows near the squares indicate an increase in saturation, upward arrows near the diamonds indicate an increase in luminance, and downward arrows near the triangles indicate an increase in lightness.

[0064] As can be observed in Figure 3, S * uv The parameter is brightness L * It appears to drive the perception of saturation / desaturation independently of colorimetric coordinates. However, the perception of brightness and lightness is S * uv Parameters and brightness L * It correlates with both of the colorimetric coordinates.

[0065] To analyze hue and hue intensity, a different color palette of lens-transmitting optical systems containing different AR coatings is used. Figure 4 shows the hue deviation parameter ΔH for a set of such lenses, indicated by D1, D2, D7-D6. * And, ΔH * This is shown in comparison with reference lens D3, which is positioned at scale excision "0". Reference lens D3 has ΔH * Similar to D1 with =0.6, it is orange. The lens labeled D2 is pink, and ΔH * = -1. The lens labeled D4 is reddish-pink in color, and ΔH * = -2. The lenses labeled D5, D6, and D7 are yellow, and each has ΔH * The values ​​are 2.5, 6, and 7. The hue deviation parameter ΔH from the reference orange reflected color. * This scale, which shows the change in hue, represents the difference in hue, i.e., whether it is more red / pink, yellowish, or close to the reference orange color, as indicated by the hue deviation parameter ΔH. * This clearly shows a correlation with, and each is much lower (negative ΔH) * =-1 or -2), much higher (ΔH * =2.5, 6, and 7), or close to zero (ΔH * = 0.6)

[0066] Figure 5 is a graph comparing the perceived luminance, lightness, and saturation of the residual reflection color of the orange AR color lens (represented as a circle) with that of other AR lens color palettes: green lens (represented as a triangle), sapphire lens (represented as a rhombus), and drive AR coating (represented as a square). More precisely, each color palette is represented on the horizontal axis by the saturation difference ΔS from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. * As a function of , and on the vertical axis, the difference in brightness ΔL * The saturation difference ΔS is expressed as a function of the above color palette relative to the reference transmission optical system. * As disclosed in equation (II), it is calculated from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space, and the lightness difference ΔL* This is calculated from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space, as disclosed in equation (III). In Figure 5, the reference point for each color palette of the AR lens is ΔS * =0 and ΔL * This is an asterisk indicating =0.

[0067] For different AR lens families, point 31 indicates no difference from the standard AR lens of that AR lens family. Point 32 appears brighter than the standard AR lens. Point 33 appears brighter than the standard AR lens. Point 34 appears fainter than the standard AR lens. Point 35 appears duller than the standard AR lens. Point 36 appears more vibrant than the standard AR lens.

[0068] Figure 5 shows the hue of the AR coating of the considered transmission optical system, (ΔL * ,ΔS * This emphasizes the non-uniformity of the color space.

[0069] To predict the ability of pairing one anti-reflective coating with another, the relationship between the difference in residual reflection color based on at least four parameters was investigated for specific hues of the AR coatings, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.

[0070] Different examples of the green AR lens family are described (Figures 6 and 7). For each color or hue, quantitative values ​​and ranges for color pairing tolerance are defined.

[0071] Figure 6 shows the hue deviation parameter ΔH of different manufactured green AR lenses compared to a theoretical reference green AR lens, each having a laminate of dielectric layers with a specific composition and theoretical thickness. * The graph shows that while the manufactured green AR lenses have the same layer composition, variations in manufacturing parameters mean they are not exactly the same thickness as the corresponding theoretical layer thickness of the theoretical standard green AR lens.

[0072] More specifically, Table 1 below shows the properties of a theoretical reference green AR laminate, i.e., the composition, refractive index, and thickness of each layer of the theoretical reference green AR laminate deposited on a hard coating (layer 9 is closest to the substrate, and layer 1 is furthest). Its main theoretical colorimetric parameters were calculated considering that this reference laminate is deposited on the hard coating layer shown in the table, and that this hard coating is deposited on the aforementioned substrate. These are provided in Table 2.

[0073] [Table 1]

[0074] Based on this theoretical criterion, and considering manufacturing uncertainties regarding the thickness of the deposited layer, different AR laminates can be deposited on the same substrate and hard coating layer, which helps in calculating theoretical colorimetric parameters but defines specific colorimetric parameters and specific reflectance colors that are not identical to those in theory.

[0075] Hue deviation parameter ΔH * This is calculated between each lens and a reference green AR lens. The reference green AR lens has a nominal h-angle of 135 degrees. The team of observers examines each lens and compares it to the reference green AR lens in terms of pairing tolerance.

[0076] In Figure 6, the reference green AR(ΔH * Compared to (=0), the negative hue deviation parameter ΔH * This corresponds to a yellowish color, and the positive hue deviation parameter ΔH * This corresponds to a bluish color. This visual observation identifies two areas. The first zone, or zone 1, corresponds to the hue deviation parameter ΔH * The range is approximately -3.3 to +4.2, which is the zone within the green color palette where lens pairing with the reference lens is acceptable. The second zone, or Zone 2, corresponds to the hue deviation parameter ΔH *If the value is lower than approximately -3.3 or higher than approximately +4.2, lens pairing with the standard green AR lens is not acceptable (yellow is too dark and blue is too dark, respectively), and the color falls outside the green color palette.

[0077] In Figures 6 and 7, the + symbol indicates a lens that is considered to be pairable (or compatible) with the reference lens under consideration, and the × symbol indicates a lens that is considered not to be pairable (or compatible) with the reference lens under consideration.

[0078] Hue deviation parameter ΔH * The one-dimensional graph shows the hue deviation parameter ΔH, which allows for pairing of a green AR lens with a reference green lens without the observer noticing a large hue difference. * The range of the value can be determined, and that range is -3.3 ≤ ΔH as follows: * It is defined as ≤ +4.2.

[0079] Figure 7 shows the brightness difference ΔL of a set of green lenses with various residual reflection colors. * and saturation difference ΔS * This shows a two-dimensional mapping of the intensity of hue parameters based on the following: The team of observers qualitatively evaluates each lens. Brightness difference ΔL * and saturation difference ΔS * A two-dimensional mapping of hue parameter intensity based on (ΔL) corresponds to the qualitative intensity of hue. * ,ΔS * The exact AERA of the point (ΔS) can be determined. The lenses are sorted into groups of lenses with similar hue shades and labeled 40, 41, 42...49 respectively. * ,ΔL * The lens group 40 located in the region around )=(0,0) is closest to the reference green lens, and ΔL * and ΔS * It is close to 0, approximately -0.15 ≤ ΔS * ≤ +0.2 and -1 ≤ ΔL * This corresponds to values ​​≤ 1. -0.1 ≤ ΔS * ≤0 and -2.5 ≤ΔL* Point (ΔS) ≤ 0 * ,ΔL * Lens group 41 in the region around )=(-0.05,-1.25) is classified as having a non-glossy color. -0.25≦ΔS * ≤ -0.08 and -1 ≤ ΔL * Point (ΔS) ≤ -3 * ,ΔL * Lens group 42 located in the region around )=(-0.15,-2.0) is classified as a pale color. -0.4≦ΔS * ≤ -0.1 and -2 ≤ ΔL * Point (ΔS) ≤ 0 * ,ΔL * Lens group 43 in the region around )=(-0.25,-1.0) is classified as having reduced saturation. 0≦ΔS * ≤ +0.1 and -3 ≤ ΔL * Point (ΔS) ≤ -1 * ,ΔL * Lens group 44 located in the region around )=(+0.05,-2.0) is classified as dark color. 0.1≦ΔS * ≤0.5 and -3 ≤ΔL * Point (ΔS) such that ≤ +1 * ,ΔL * Lens group 45, located in the region around )=(+0.3,-1.0), is classified as having vivid colors. Approximately +0.1≦ΔS * ≤ +0.4 and 0.5 ≤ ΔL * Point (ΔS) ≤ 3 * ,ΔL * Lens group 46, located in the region around )=(+0.25,+1.0), is classified as having a vivid color. Approximately 0≦ΔS * ≤ +0.3 and 1 ≤ ΔL * Point (ΔS) ≤ 7 * ,ΔL * Lens group 47, located in the region around )=(+0.15,+4.0), is classified as dazzling. Approximately -0.1≦ΔS * ≤0 and ≤ΔL * Point (ΔS) ≤ 5 * ,ΔL * Lens group 48 located in the region around )=(-0.05, +3.0) is classified as clear or bright color. Approximately ΔS* ≤0 and 7 ≤ΔL * Point (ΔS) ≤ 14 * ,ΔL * Lens group 49 located in the region around )=(-0.20, +10.0) is classified as very clear or very bright.

[0080] Figure 7 also shows a dotted line defining the pairing range between the green lens and the reference green lens. Hue parameter (ΔS * ,ΔL * The two-dimensional graph of the shading of ) shows the saturation difference ΔS * and brightness difference ΔL * The range of values ​​can be determined, which enables pairing of the green AR lens with the reference green lens, and the pairing range is defined as follows: -0.35≦ΔS * <0 and ΔL * If <7 0 ≤ ΔS * and any ΔL * in the case of

[0081] Therefore, in the case of the standard green lens, there are three attributes (ΔH * ΔS * ΔL * ), that is, the hue deviation parameter ΔH within the determined one-dimensional range. * , and the saturation difference ΔS within the determined two-dimensional range * and brightness difference ΔL * This combination allows us to determine whether a green AR lens can be paired with a green lens of this standard. -3.3 ≤ ΔH * ≤ +4.2 -0.35≦ΔS * <0 and ΔL * If <7 0 ≤ ΔS * and any ΔL * in the case of

[0082] From Figure 6, the hue deviation parameter ΔH *It can be seen that the range of pairing values ​​differs from that of the reference green lens. In other words, the pairing range (ΔH) of the hue deviation parameter is different. * min ,ΔH * max ) depends on the hue or hue angle value of the reference transmission optical system.

[0083] From Figure 7, ΔS * This drives the perception of saturation / desaturation, and ΔL * (ΔS * <0) indicates that it drives the perception of brightness.

[0084] Hue deviation parameter ΔH * Similar graphs, as well as the difference in brightness ΔL * and saturation difference ΔS * A two-dimensional mapping of hue parameter shades based on this can also be obtained for other anti-reflective coatings having other residual reflective colors such as blue, yellow (gold), orange, pink, or purple.

[0085] In this way, a multidimensional pairing range database can be obtained for various reference transmission optical systems with anti-reflective coatings that provide an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less. Such a database can be used to automatically determine whether a transmission optical system with an anti-reflective coating can be paired with a reference transmission optical system that has a known residual color identifier.

[0086] Table 2 below provides the theoretical colorimetric parameters for the theoretical green AR standard (nominal) and the colorimetric parameters for six ARs manufactured from this theoretical green AR standard.

[0087] [Table 2]

[0088] Three attributes (ΔH) determined for the reference green lens *、 ΔS * ΔL *From the above combinations, all samples are pairable as described below, but samples 1, 2, and 6 have different ΔH * (-3.1, -2.9, -3.2) is ΔH * min It's close to -3.3, and appears slightly yellowish. -3.3 ≤ ΔH * ≤ +4.2 -0.35≦ΔS * <0 and ΔL * If <7 0 ≤ ΔS * and any ΔL * in the case of

[0089] Sample 4 corresponds to the greenish AR shown in Figure 2, while Sample 6 corresponds to another AR in the same Figure 2 that appears yellowish.

[0090] Figure 8 schematically shows an apparatus 100 for evaluating the difference in residual reflection color between a first transmission optical system 1 and a second transmission optical system 2. The first transmission optical system 1 and the second transmission optical system 2 are, for example, transmission optical systems disclosed in relation to Figure 2. Alternatively, the second transmission optical system 2 corresponds to a reference transmission optical system, and its residual color identifier is known and stored in a database 130.

[0091] The apparatus 100 includes an identification system 110 adapted to read or determine the residual color identifier 21 of the first transmission optical system and the residual color identifier 22 of the second transmission optical system, respectively.

[0092] In the first example, each transmission optical system 1, 2 includes residual color identifiers 21, 22. For example, the residual color identifiers 21, 22 include a set of four parameters, namely, the colorimetric coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * , as well as chroma values ​​from the CIELUV color space

number

number

[0093] Depending on the specific type of residual color identifiers 21, 22, the identification system 110 includes, for example, a camera adapted to read text identifiers, a barcode reader, a QR code reader, and / or a system adapted to read holographic images.

[0094] However, each transmitted optical system is not provided with an associated residual color identifier. For example, at the post-manufacturing stage, the first transmitted optical system 1, which has an anti-reflective coating, does not yet have a residual color identifier. The identification system 110 can determine the residual color identifier of the transmitted optical system under consideration. Therefore, the identification system 110 further includes a removal unit 111, a measuring unit 112, and an identification unit 113.

[0095] The removal unit 111 is adapted to remove at least partially the area of ​​the protective outer layer formed on the coherent coating 13 of the first transmission optical system 1 in order to define the zone of the coherent coating 13 without the protective outer layer. Preferably, the protective outer layer is removed in a limited, unnecessary area. For example, the removal unit 111 is adapted to remove the zone of the protective outer layer by wiping with a soft cloth. Optionally, the removal unit 111 is adapted to clean the surface of the coherent coating 13 without the protective outer layer before performing its measurement.

[0096] The measurement unit 112 is adapted to provide measurement and / or calculation from the zone of the coherent coating without the protective outer layer. For example, the measurement unit 112 measures the colorimetric coordinate L of the coherent coating 13 in the CIELab color space. * a * and b * It includes a colorimeter adapted to measure the colorimetric coordinates u of the coherent coating, and a spectrophotometer or SMR (reflectance measurement system) adapted to measure the reflectance spectrum of the coherent coating, from which the colorimetric coordinates u of the coherent coating 13 in the CIELUV color space are measured. * and v * The following is calculated. Alternatively or complementary to this, the measurement unit 112 measures the colorimetric coordinates u in the CIELUV color space. * and v * Based on this, chroma value C * uv It is adapted to calculate the chroma value C in the CIELUV color space. Alternatively or complementary to this, the measurement unit 112 measures the chroma value C in the CIELUV color space. * uv , and lightness L in the CIELab color space or the CIELUV color space * Based on the colorimetric coordinates, the saturation value S * uv It is adapted to calculate [the result].

[0097] Therefore, the measurement unit 112 has at least four parameters, namely, the colorimetric coordinate L from the CIELab color space. * a* and b * , as well as chroma values ​​from the CIELUV color space

number

number

[0098] Similarly, the measurement unit 112 is adapted to determine the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system 2.

[0099] According to various embodiments, the measurement unit 112 is adapted to sequentially or simultaneously measure the colorimetric coordinates of the coherent coating 13 and the second coherent coating 23 in both the CIELab color space and the CIELUV color space.

[0100] The apparatus 100 optionally further includes an identification unit 113 adapted to create a residual color identifier for the transmitted optical system from measurements and / or calculations performed by the measurement unit 112. For example, the identification unit 113 includes a printer adapted to print an alphanumeric combination onto a label fixed to the transmitted optical system or a pocket associated with the transmitted optical system. Alternatively, the identification unit 113 includes a system adapted to generate a barcode or QR code. Furthermore, or otherwise, the identification unit 113 includes a system adapted to record an embedded safety identification mark, such as a hologram, inside the transmitted optical system.

[0101] The identification system 110 stores the residual color identifiers of the two transmission optical systems 1 and 2 in the database 130. Alternatively, if the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system is already stored in the database 130 as belonging to the reference AR lens, the identification system 110 records only the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system 1.

[0102] The apparatus 100 also includes a pairing unit 120 adapted to determine the difference in residual reflection color between the first transmissive optical system 1 and the second transmissive optical system 2. More precisely, the difference in residual reflection color is based on a comparison between the residual color identifier 21 of the first transmissive optical system 1 and the residual color identifier 22 of the second transmissive optical system 2. Preferably, the pairing unit 120 is the hue deviation parameter ΔH derived from the colorimetric coordinates a * and b * in the CIELab color space * and the lightness difference ΔL from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space * and the saturation difference ΔS from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space * and is adapted to calculate the shade of the hue parameter including these. According to equation (I) of the present disclosure, the hue deviation parameter ΔH * can be calculated. According to equation (II) of the present disclosure, the saturation difference ΔS * can be calculated. According to equation (III) of the present disclosure, the lightness difference ΔL * can be calculated. It is outlined that these equations (I) to (III) compare the first transmissive optical system 1 and the second transmissive optical system 2. In contrast, when comparing the second transmissive optical system 2 and the first transmissive optical system 1, the signs of the hue deviation parameter ΔH * , the saturation difference ΔS * , and the lightness difference ΔL * are all reversed.

[0103] Advantageously, the pairing unit 120 is adapted to determine whether the difference in residual reflection color is within a predetermined multi-dimensional pairing range.

[0104] For example, the second transmissive optical system 2 is a reference AR lens associated with such a predetermined multi-dimensional pairing range. The predetermined multi-dimensional pairing range of the reference AR lens can be stored in the database 130. The pairing unit determines that the hue deviation parameter ΔH * is within the predetermined pairing range of hue deviation (ΔH * min , ΔH* max includes a calculation unit adapted to first determine whether it is included in ). Hue deviation parameter ΔH * If is outside the range of the predetermined hue deviation, the pairing unit 120 generates a result that pairing associated with the two transmissive optical systems under consideration is impossible. Hue deviation parameter ΔH * If is within the range of the predetermined hue deviation, the pairing unit 120 calculates whether the lightness difference ΔL * and the chroma difference ΔS * are included in the predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of the lightness difference and the chroma difference. Lightness difference ΔL * and the chroma difference ΔS * If is outside the predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of the lightness difference and the chroma difference, the pairing unit 120 generates a result that pairing associated with the two transmissive optical systems under consideration is impossible. In contrast, the hue deviation parameter ΔH * is within the range of the predetermined hue deviation, and the lightness difference ΔL * and the chroma difference ΔS * If is within the predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of the lightness difference and the chroma difference, the pairing unit 120 generates a result that pairing associated with the two transmissive optical systems under consideration is possible.

[0105] For example, the predetermined pairing range of the hue deviation (ΔH * min , ΔH * max ) depends on the value of the hue angle of the reference AR lens. Similarly, the predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of the lightness difference and the chroma difference depends on the value of the hue angle of the reference AR lens.

[0106] If neither of the two transmissive optical systems is the reference AR lens, the pairing unit 120 calculates the hue deviation parameter ΔH * , the lightness difference ΔL * and the chroma difference ΔS *Based on this, the default multidimensional pairing range of the nearest reference AR lens is used compared to the first or second transmission optical system. Alternatively, the pairing unit 120 uses the default pairing range (ΔH) of the hue deviation. * min ,ΔH * max Using a default multidimensional pairing range that includes interpolated values ​​for the two-dimensional pairing range of brightness difference and saturation difference, the interpolated values ​​are interpolated from the two closest reference AR lenses compared to one of the first and second transmission optical systems.

[0107] According to certain aspects of this disclosure, the apparatus 100 includes a machine learning module 140. For example, the machine learning module 140 is conceived to determine a multidimensional pairing range associated with a reference AR lens. The machine learning module includes, as input data, a visual inspection of a collection of transmissive optical systems compared to a reference optical system having a target remnant color, and as output data, enabling or disabling pairing between the reference optical system and any one of the transmissive optical systems of the collection. Thus, the output data of the machine learning module 140 may be stored in a database 130.

[0108] Apparatus 100 enables the association of AR-coated manufactured transmission optical systems in pairs according to their residual color identifiers. A comparison of two residual color identifiers is used to predict whether two transmission optical systems are pairable, as disclosed herein. It is possible to numerically determine whether two AR optical systems are pairable based solely on their residual color identifiers. Conversely, if a first transmission optical system and a second reference transmission optical system are not pairable based on a comparison of their residual color identifiers, then the first transmission optical system can ignore pairing with the second transmission optical system.

[0109] Pairs of AR coatings may be digitally paired in database 130 based on their residual color identifiers. Furthermore, all manufactured transmitted optical systems with AR coatings can be sorted pair by pair according to their residual color identifiers. Thus, apparatus 100 includes a sorting module 150 adapted to classify pairs of transmitted optical systems if their residual color identifiers fall within a determined pairing range. As disclosed above, the determined pairing range includes a multidimensional pairing range. For example, the determined pairing range includes a one-dimensional determined range of hue deviations and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and chroma differences. Generally, the determined pairing range depends on the value of one of the hue angles of the transmitted optical system. Alternatively or complementaryly, the pairing range depends on the difference in residual reflection color between the two transmitted optical systems of each pair. For example, a collection of manufactured transmissive optical systems with AR coating is sorted using a first lens having a first residual color identifier as a reference, by determining whether the hue deviation parameter of each other transmissive optical system, compared to the first lens, is within or outside a predetermined pairing range. Transmissive optical systems that present a hue deviation parameter outside the predetermined pairing range associated with the first lens are ignored for pairing with the first lens. Next, the brightness and chroma differences of the other transmissive optical systems are compared to a predetermined pairing range associated with the first lens. The lens closest to the first lens within the multidimensional pairing range is paired with the first lens and may be placed next to each other in the sorting module 150. This process is repeated until the collection of manufactured transmissive optical systems with AR coating is completely sorted in the sorting module 150.

[0110] By knowing the residual color identifier of a first transmitted optical system with an AR coating, the apparatus 100 and method of the present disclosure enable the selection of a second pairable transmitted optical system based on that residual color identifier. The apparatus 100 finds its use when replacing a damaged anti-reflective lens while the undamaged AR lens remains mounted in the frame. The apparatus 100 enables the rapid identification of a new AR lens having a residual color identifier that ensures the new AR lens presents a residual reflection color matching that of the undamaged AR lens.

[0111] Furthermore, residual color identifiers are useful when designing new coherent coatings for transmitted optics to predict the color of anti-reflective coatings and ensure their robust manufacturing.

[0112] Therefore, a theoretical coherent coating, including a laminate of dielectric layers, is defined using optical design software (e.g., third-party commercial design software programs such as TFCalc, Essential Macleod, OptiLayer, or FilmStar) that runs on a computer system. The optical design software is used to simulate the response of the theoretical coherent coating and to calculate the average visible light reflectance Rv of the theoretical coherent coating. The optical design software is adapted to adjust the thickness of different layers in the laminate so that the average visible light reflectance Rv is 2.5% or less, preferably 2.0% or less.

[0113] Furthermore, the optical design software is adapted to calculate the nominal residual color identifier based in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the theoretical coherent coating in the CIELab color space and in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the theoretical coherent coating in the CIELUV color space. Preferably, the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating is based on at least four parameters, namely the colorimetric coordinates L of the theoretical coherent coating from the CIELab color space. * a * and b *And the chroma values ​​of the theoretical coherent coating from the CIELUV color space

number

number

[0114] The range of manufacturing variation in a dielectric layer stack is input as data into the optical design software. For example, the manufacturing variation range includes the minimum, maximum, uncertainty, and step values ​​of several variable parameters, such as layer thickness. Based on the manufacturing variation range, the optical design software generates a set of predictable coherent coatings. Each of the predictable coherent coatings in the set corresponds to a specific stack of dielectric layers within the defined manufacturing variation range.

[0115] For each of the predictable coherent coatings in the aggregate, the optical design software is adapted to calculate a predictable residual color identifier, partly based on the colorimetric coordinates of the theoretical coherent coating in the CIELab color space and partly based on the colorimetric coordinates of the theoretical coherent coating in the CIELUV color space. Preferably, the predictable residual color identifier for each of the predictable coherent coatings is based on at least four parameters, namely, the colorimetric coordinates L of each of the predictable coherent coatings from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chroma values ​​of each predictable coherent coating from the CIELUV color space

number

number

[0116] Next, for each of the predictable coherent coatings in the aggregate, the optical design software is adapted to calculate the difference in remanent color between the predictable coherent coating and the theoretical coherent coating, based on the predictable remanent color identifier of the predictable coherent coating and the nominal remanent color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating.

[0117] The pairing database preferably stores at least one default multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal hue angle of a theoretical coherent coating. Preferably, the multidimensional pairing range includes a pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness difference and chroma difference associated with the nominal hue angle and the nominal residual color identifier.

[0118] For example, a theoretical coherent coating is a reference green lens, and the multidimensional pairing range includes a pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle of the reference green lens (disclosed in connection with Figure 6) and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness difference and chroma difference associated with the nominal hue angle of the reference green lens and the nominal residual color identifier (disclosed in connection with Figure 7).

[0119] The optical design software is adapted to use a pairing database to enable or disable whether each of the predictable interference coatings of the assembly presents a difference in residual reflection color within a given multi-dimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating from the theoretical interference coating.

[0120] The optical design software further includes a verification unit adapted to adjust the thickness of the layers of the stack of theoretical interference coatings until a given number or percentage of the assembly of predictable interference coatings falls within the multi-dimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating. For example, as an alternative, the given percentage is preferably set to 80%, more preferably 90%, and even more preferably 97%.

[0121] As a result, the optical design software can determine an assembly of predictable interference coatings having predictable residual reflection colors that match the residual reflection colors of the theoretical interference coatings. The assembly of predictable interference coatings allows for the production of a desired stack of dielectric layers having highly reliable and reproducible residual reflection colors while staying within the determined manufacturing tolerance range. In this way, all of the manufactured stacks of dielectric layers are pairable with each other. A stack of dielectric layers pairable with another AR coating can be easily manufactured without the need for a color expert to verify each of the predictable interference coatings of the assembly one by one.

[0122] Furthermore, the optical design software is not only effective for specific values of the nominal hue, but can be easily adjusted for different hues by using and / or completing the pairing database.

[0123] Figure 9 shows a system 200 for manufacturing a transmission optical system 1, which includes an optical base element 14 and an coherent coating 13 on at least one surface 11 of the base element 14. The coherent coating 13 provides the transmission optical system 1 with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, preferably 2.0% or less, so that the transmission optical system 1 is designed and manufactured to exhibit a predetermined residual reflection color due to reflection on the surface 11.

[0124] More precisely, the system 200 for manufacturing the transmission optical system 1 includes a computer system 201 configured to operate optical design software and a deposition unit 280 for depositing a laminate of dielectric layers onto an optical base element. The deposition unit 280 is generally located separately from the computer system 201.

[0125] More precisely, the optical design software includes a module 210 designed to define a theoretical coherent coating, which includes a laminate of dielectric layers deposited on a theoretical base element, in order to simulate a transmitted optical system. The laminate of dielectric layers is generally defined by the total number of layers, the thickness of each layer, their composition, the optical refractive index of each layer, and the relative order of each layer to the base element and the other layers of the laminate. Module 210 is adapted to calculate the average visible light reflectance Rv of the theoretical coherent coating. More precisely, the theoretical coherent coating is defined to provide a transmitted optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, preferably 2.0% or less.

[0126] The optical design software includes a module 220 for calculating the nominal hue angle of a theoretical coherent coating in CIELab color space and the nominal residual color identifier of a theoretical coherent coating, as disclosed herein, based in part on colorimetric coordinates in CIELab color space and in part on colorimetric coordinates in CIELUV color space.

[0127] The optical design software includes a module 230 for defining the range of manufacturing variations in the dielectric layer stack. Module 230 enables the formation of a predictable coherent coating assembly that covers the entire range of manufacturing variations.

[0128] The optical design software, as disclosed herein, includes a module 240 for calculating a predictable hue angle in the CIELab color space and a predictable residual color identifier for each of the predictable coherent coatings of the aggregate.

[0129] The optical design software includes a module 250 for calculating the difference in remanent color between the predictable coherent coating and the theoretical coherent coating for each of the predictable coherent coatings of the aggregate, based on the predictable remanent color identifier of the predictable coherent coating and the nominal remanent color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating. Preferably, the module 250 calculates the difference in hue deviation parameter ΔH for each of the predictable coherent coatings of the aggregate compared to the theoretical coherent coating, based on equations (I), (II), and (III) above. * , brightness difference ΔL * and saturation difference ΔS * Calculate.

[0130] The optical design software includes a module 260 for enabling or disabling whether each predictable coherent coating of the aggregate presents a difference in residual reflection color between it and a theoretical coherent coating, within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the theoretical coherent coating's nominal residual color identifier. Module 260 uses a pairing database that stores at least one default multidimensional pairing range associated with the theoretical coherent coating's nominal hue angle. Preferably, the pairing database includes several default multidimensional pairing ranges as a function of the default hue angle.

[0131] The optical design software includes a verification unit 270 adapted to tune a stack of dielectric layers of theoretical coherent coatings until module 260 obtains a predetermined number or percentage of predictable coherent coating assemblies that fall within a multidimensional pairing range associated with nominal residual color identifiers of theoretical coherent coatings.

[0132] When a predetermined number or percentage is reached, the computer system 201 adapts to send an instruction to the deposition unit 280 to deposit a laminate of dielectric layers with a theoretically coherent coating onto the optical base element. Optionally, the system 200 further includes an identification unit 113 adapted to create a residual color identifier for each transmission optical system based on a predictable residual color identifier calculated by module 240.

[0133] System 200 for manufacturing transmissive optics allows for the validation of new theoretical AR coating designs, evaluation of their robustness, and definition of pairable manufactured anti-reflective laminates. System 200 for manufacturing transmissive optics avoids the need for high prototyping workloads and time-consuming expertise of color specialists in defining anti-reflective laminates with reproducible and predictable residual reflection colors under manufacturing conditions. The manufacturing systems and methods of this disclosure are not limited to a specific hue angle of anti-reflective coatings and can be readily incorporated for any other hue.

Claims

1. A transmission optical system comprising an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident visible light and a second surface from which transmitted visible light is emitted, comprising an coherent coating on the first surface that provides the transmission optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, wherein the transmission optical system presents a residual reflection color by reflection on the first surface, comprising a residual color identifier for determining the residual reflection color, wherein the residual color identifier is partially based on the colorimetric coordinates of the transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and partially based on the colorimetric coordinates of the transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space.

2. where the residual color identifier is the colorimetric coordinate L from the CIELab color space ＊ , a ＊ and b ＊ and the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space ＊ ｕｖ , the saturation value S ＊ ｕｖ , and at least one of the colorimetric coordinates u ＊ and v ＊ The transmissive optical system according to claim 1, based on.

3. An apparatus for evaluating the difference in residual reflection color between a first transmission optical system and a second transmission optical system, wherein each of the first and second transmission optical systems includes an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident visible light and a second surface from which transmitted visible light is emitted, each of the first and second transmission optical systems includes an coherent coating on the first surface that provides each of the first and second transmission optical systems with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, and each of the first and second transmission optical systems presents a residual reflection color due to reflection on the first surface. - An identification system adapted to read or determine the residual color identifiers of the first and second transmission optical systems, wherein the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system is based in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space, and the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system is based in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and in part on the colorimetric coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space, - A pairing unit adapted to determine the difference in residual reflection color between the first transmission optical system and the second transmission optical system, wherein the difference in residual reflection color is based on a comparison between the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system and the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system. A device including a device.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pairing unit is adapted to determine whether the difference in residual reflection colors falls within a predetermined multidimensional pairing range.

5. The difference in residual reflection color corresponds to the colorimetric coordinate a in the CIELab color space. ＊ and b ＊ The hue deviation parameter ΔH derived from this ＊ and the difference in brightness ΔL from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space. ＊ and the saturation difference ΔS from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. ＊ The apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, comprising a parameter set including shades of a hue parameter.

6. The pairing unit controls the hue deviation parameter ΔH ＊ The default pairing range for hue deviation (ΔH ＊ ｍｉｎ ΔH ＊ ｍａｘ The pairing unit is adapted to determine whether it is included in the lightness difference ΔL ＊ and the saturation difference ΔS ＊ The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, which is adapted to determine whether the difference falls within a predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of brightness and saturation.

7. The aforementioned default pairing range (ΔH) of hue deviations ＊ ｍｉｎ ΔH ＊ ｍａｘ The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the value of the hue angle depends on the value of the hue angle, and the predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of the lightness difference and saturation difference depends on the value of the hue angle.

8. The hue deviation parameter ΔH of the first transmission optical system compared with the second transmission optical system. ＊ but, [Math 1] Equivalent to, in the formula, Δh = h １ -h ２ However, this is the difference between the hue angle h1 of the first transmission optical system and the hue angle h2 of the second transmission optical system. [Math 2] and a １ , b １ However, the colorimetric coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space are C １ However, Chroma [Math 3] and a ２ , b ２ However, the colorimetric coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space are C ２ However, Chroma [Math 4] The apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein each of the above is...

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the multidimensional pairing range is determined by machine learning, which includes, as input data, a visual inspection of an assembly of transmissive optical systems compared to a reference optical system having a target residual reflection color, and as output data, the activation or deactivation of the pairing between the reference optical system and any one of the transmissive optical systems of the assembly.

10. An apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising a database of residual color identifiers of a transmitted optical system, wherein the hue deviation parameter ΔH ＊ However, the default pairing range for hue deviation (ΔH ＊ ｍｉｎ ΔH ＊ ｍａｘ ) is included in the aforementioned brightness difference ΔL ＊ and the saturation difference ΔS ＊ The apparatus is adapted to select a pair of transmission optical systems having a difference in residual reflection color that falls within a predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of brightness and saturation differences.

11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 10, comprising a sorting module adapted to classify pairs of two transmitting optical systems within a determined pairing range as a function of the value of the hue angle and / or as a function of the difference in residual reflected color between the two transmitting optical systems of each pair.

12. The aforementioned identification system i. A removal unit adapted to remove at least a portion of the area of ​​the protective outer layer formed on the coherent coating and to define a zone of the coherent coating without the protective outer layer, ii. A measuring unit adapted to provide measurement and / or calculation from the zone of the coherent coating without the protective outer layer, wherein the measurement and / or calculation is performed using colorimetric coordinates L from the CIELab color space. ＊ a ＊ and b ＊ And the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space. ＊ ｕｖ Saturation value S ＊ ｕｖ , or colorimetric coordinate pair u ＊ and v ＊ A measuring unit including at least one of the following, iii. An identification unit adapted to generate the residual color identifier from the measurements and / or calculations performed by the measurement unit. The apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 11, including the apparatus described in any one of claims.

13. A system for manufacturing a transmission optical system comprising an optical base element and an coherent coating on at least one surface of the base element, wherein the coherent coating provides the transmission optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less, and the transmission optical system presents a predetermined residual reflection color due to reflection on the surface. - A computer system including optical design software, wherein the optical design software is a) Defining a theoretical coherent coating comprising a laminate of dielectric layers, wherein the theoretical coherent coating has an average visible light reflectance Rv of 2.5% or less. b) Calculating the nominal hue angle and nominal residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space and partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space of the theoretical coherent coating, c) Defining the range of manufacturing variations in the dielectric layer laminate in order to form a predictable coherent coating assembly, d) For each of the predictable coherent coatings of the aggregate, calculate the predictable hue angle and predictable residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space and partially based on the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. e) For each of the predictable coherent coatings of the aggregate, the difference in residual color between the predictable coherent coating and the theoretical coherent coating is calculated based on the predictable residual color identifier of the predictable coherent coating and the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating. f) Enabling or disabling whether each of the predictable coherent coatings of the set presents a difference in residual reflectance color between the theoretical coherent coating and the theoretical coherent coating within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating, using a pairing database that stores a default multidimensional pairing range as a function of a default hue angle, wherein the multidimensional pairing range includes a pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness difference and chroma difference associated with the nominal hue angle and the nominal residual color identifier. A computer system adapted to perform the following tasks: - A verification unit adapted to adjust the laminate of dielectric layers of the theoretical coherence coating until a predetermined number or percentage of the assemblies of predictable coherence coatings falls within the multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherence coating, - A deposition unit for depositing a laminate of dielectric layers with the aforementioned theoretical coherence coating onto an optical base element. A system that includes this.

14. In step b), the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical coherent coating corresponds to the colorimetric coordinate L from the CIELab color space. ＊ a ＊ and b ＊ And the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space. ＊ ｕｖ Saturation value S ＊ ｕｖ , and the colorimetric coordinate pair u ＊ and v ＊ Based on at least one of the following, In step d), each of the predictable residual color identifiers of the predictable coherence coatings corresponds to the colorimetric coordinate L from the CIELab color space. ＊ a ＊ and b ＊ And the chroma value C from the CIELUV color space. ＊ ｕｖ Saturation value S ＊ ｕｖ , or colorimetric coordinate pair u ＊ and v ＊ Based on at least one of the following, In step e), the difference in residual reflection color between each of the predictable coherent coatings and the theoretical coherent coating is the colorimetric coordinate a in the CIELab color space for each of the predictable coherent coatings and the theoretical coherent coating. ＊ and b ＊ The hue deviation parameter ΔH derived from this ＊ and the difference in brightness ΔL from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELab color space. ＊ and the saturation difference ΔS from the colorimetric coordinates in the CIELUV color space. ＊ The system according to claim 13, comprising shades of hue parameters including

15. The hue deviation parameter ΔH between each of the predictable coherent coatings and the theoretical coherent coating. ＊ but, [Math 5] Equivalent to, in the formula, Δh = h １ -h ２ However, this is the difference between the predictable hue angle h1 of the coherent coating and the theoretical hue angle h2 of the coherent coating. [Math 6] and a １ , b １ However, the colorimetric coordinates of the predictable coherent coating in the CIELab color space are C １ However, Chroma [Number 7] and a ２ , b ２ However, the colorimetric coordinates of the theoretical coherent coating in the CIELab color space are C ２ However, Chroma [Number 8] The system according to claim 14, wherein each of the above is...

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