Adhesive composition and tape made therefrom

Abstract

The present invention provides an adhesive composition having improved bonding properties, particularly for bonding tapes to roof structures such as roof membranes, and tapes made therefrom. The adhesive is chlorinated and contains an elastomer material. The adhesive is suitable for use on certain substrates such as thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO) without the need for a primer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 501,132, filed May 9, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. This description generally relates to adhesive compositions and tapes made therefrom. The adhesive compositions and tapes may be particularly useful for adhering to roofing materials and may be useful for roofing materials such as roofing membranes of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), thermoplastic olefin, or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

Background Art

[0002] Roof structures can include a variety of different materials. For example, some roof structures can be formed from a single - layer sheet or membrane formed from a suitable polymeric material such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), thermoplastic olefin, and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The latter TPO of various materials is one of the most rapidly growing commercially available roofing products due to its excellent performance and installation advantages. TPO roofing membranes are relatively economical, provide easy seam welding, and offer resistance to exposure to ultraviolet light, ozone, and chemicals. Adhesive tapes are used in industrial applications such as in building materials as a simple and economical means for sealing, fixing, repairing, or otherwise joining substrates. In many roofing systems, cover tapes are used to cover seams, joints, and / or edge metal details such as metal end bars or roof hips before installing the roofing membrane.

[0003] Adhesive cover tapes typically include a backing layer, adhesive, and a release agent or release liner. The release liner is peeled away from the adhesive, and the tape is placed on the roofing film so that the adhesive bonds the backing layer to the film. However, conventional adhesives used in such tapes have limited bonding properties and may not withstand long-term use under certain environmental conditions. In addition, for certain films such as TPO, a primer must be applied to the film to create an effective bond between the tape and the film. This priming process adds time and cost to the overall installation process. Therefore, what is needed is an adhesive with improved bonding properties, particularly for bonding cover tape to roof structures such as single-layer films. It is especially desirable to provide an adhesive that can effectively bond to thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) roofing film without requiring a primer coat before bonding. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0004] The following is a simplified overview of the subject matter described in the claims, intended to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the subject matter described in the claims. This overview is not a comprehensive overview of the subject matter described in the claims. This overview does not identify any important or essential elements of the subject matter described in the claims, nor is it intended to accurately describe the scope of the subject matter described in the claims. Its sole purpose is to present some of the concepts of the subject matter described in the claims in a simplified form, as a prelude to the more detailed explanations that will follow. In particular, the present invention provides an adhesive composition having improved bonding properties for bonding tapes to roof structures such as roof membranes, and tapes made therefrom. In one embodiment, an adhesive containing an elastomer material is provided. This adhesive can be chlorinated.

[0005] Chlorination of this adhesive improves its bonding ability to certain substrates. In certain embodiments, the adhesive is configured to use a tape, such as a pressure-sensitive tape, to adhere the tape to a substrate, such as a roofing film. The adhesive tape is suitable for use with substrates such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene dienterpolymer (EPDM), thermoplastic olefins, and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO). In one such embodiment, the substrate includes an untreated TPO film. In certain embodiments, another chlorine-containing substance is included with the elastomer material to form an adhesive. In other embodiments, the elastomer material itself is chlorinated. In some embodiments, the chlorine-containing substance may constitute about 2% to 25% by mass of the adhesive, or about 5% to 15% by mass of the adhesive. In some embodiments, the elastomer material may constitute about 15% to about 40% by mass of the adhesive, or about 20% to about 30% by mass of the adhesive. Suitable materials for chlorine-containing substances include, but are not limited to, chlorobutyl, chlorinated polyolefins, chlorinated isobutylene, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated silicate and other fillers, chlorinated hydrocarbon resins and any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the chlorine-containing substance includes chlorobutyl. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a glass transition temperature (T) of approximately -60 degrees Celsius to approximately 0 degrees Celsius. g ) has. This ensures that the adhesive forms a bond between the tape and the substrate that is properly maintained at room temperature.

[0006] The elastomer material may include rubber-based materials, acrylics, polymers such as TPO, etc. In certain embodiments, the elastomer material includes rubber-based materials such as butyl-based materials. Suitable butyl-based materials include, but are not limited to, halogenated butyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, halogenated isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, bromo-isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile butyl rubber, silicone butyl rubber, virgin butyl, butyl blends, and any combination or mixture thereof. In one embodiment, the butyl-based material includes an isobutylene-isoprene copolymer. The adhesive may further contain a tackifier. Suitable materials for the tackifier include, but are not limited to, polybutene homopolymers, phenolic tackifiers, non-phenolic tackifiers, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the tackifier is a chlorine-containing substance. In other embodiments, the chlorine-containing substance is another substance that is mixed with the tackifier and the elastomer material.

[0007] The adhesive may further contain a filler. Suitable materials for the filler include, but are not limited to, expanded perlite, spheres, expandable spheres, ceramic spheres, zeolites, clay fillers, glass beads, hollow inorganic beads, silica-based fillers, zinc oxide, glass fibers, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, silica fibers, ceramic fibers, conductive and / or thermally conductive particles, nanoparticles, and any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the filler is a chlorine-containing substance. In other embodiments, the chlorine-containing substance is another substance that is mixed with the filler and elastomer material.

[0008] The adhesive may further contain a plasticizer. Suitable materials for the plasticizer include, but are not limited to, polyisobutylene, mineral oil, tall oil resin (TOR), hydrocarbon resin, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, liquid hydrocarbon resin, polybutene, polyalkylene oxide, adipic acid ester, formic acid ester, phosphate ester, benzoic acid ester, phthalic acid ester, sulfonamide, naphthenic oil, and any combination or mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, the plasticizer is a chlorine-containing substance. In other embodiments, the chlorine-containing substance is another substance that is mixed with the plasticizer and elastomer material. In another embodiment, a tape is provided comprising a first layer, a release liner removably connected to the first layer, and an adhesive disposed between the first layer and the release liner. The adhesive is a chlorinated adhesive containing an elastomer material.

[0009] This adhesive bonds the first layer of the tape to the roofing substrate. The roofing substrate may include, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene dienterpolymer (EPDM), and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). In one embodiment, the roofing substrate includes untreated thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The first layer of the tape may include any suitable backing material that is generally resistant to exposure to ultraviolet light, ozone, and chemicals, such as paper, plastic, polymer, fiber, film, cloth, or metal foil. The release liner or release paper may include any suitable paper or plastic-based film sheet. In another embodiment, a roof structure is provided which includes a roof membrane, a cover tape, and an adhesive for bonding the cover tape to the roof membrane. The adhesive is chlorinated and contains an elastomer material.

[0010] In one embodiment, the roof membrane comprises an unprimed thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The tape adheres to the TPO roof membrane without the use of a primer. In a particular embodiment, the tape adheres to the TPO roof membrane with a peel adhesion of at least about 10 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions, or at least about 14 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions. In another embodiment, the roof membrane comprises a primer-coated thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The tape adheres to the TPO roof membrane with a peel adhesion of at least about 20 PLI in a 180° peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions, or at least about 25 PLI in a 180° peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions. In another embodiment, a method for assembling a roof structure is provided. This method includes the steps of providing a roof membrane, providing a chlorinated adhesive comprising an elastomer material, and joining a tape to the roof membrane using the adhesive.

[0011] In certain embodiments, the roof membrane comprises a thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The adhesive bonds the tape to the roof membrane with a peel strength of at least about 10 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions, or at least about 14 PLI under ambient conditions, without the use of a primer. In some embodiments, a cleaning agent is applied to the roof membrane before the tape is bonded to it. Suitable cleaning agents include xylene, isopropanol (IPA), and the like. In some embodiments, additional materials are mixed into the adhesive along with the elastomer material. These materials may include tackifiers, plasticizers, fillers, curing agents, or other additives. In certain embodiments, the adhesive comprises another chlorine-containing substance and an elastomer material. In other embodiments, the adhesive comprises a chlorinated elastomer material. In yet another embodiment, the tackifier, plasticizer, or filler may contain chlorine, and these are included together with the elastomer material. The details herein relating to desired objectives satisfied by the various embodiments described herein are not intended to imply or suggest that any or all of these objectives, individually or collectively, are essential features in any of the most common embodiments or any of the more specific embodiments described herein. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of adhesive tape. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the adhesive tape shown in Figure 1, applied to a roofing substrate. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] This description and accompanying figures illustrate exemplary embodiments and should not be construed as limiting, and the scope of this description, including its equivalents, is defined by the claims. Various mechanical, compositional, structural, and operational modifications, including its equivalents, may be made without departing from the scope of this description and the claims. In some examples, well-known structures and techniques may not be shown or described in detail so as not to obscure this description. The same numbers in two or more figures represent the same or similar elements. Furthermore, elements and related aspects described in detail with reference to one embodiment may be included in other embodiments that are not specifically shown or described, to the extent that it is practically possible. For example, if an element is described in detail with reference to one embodiment and not with reference to a second embodiment, that element may nevertheless be claimed as being included in the second embodiment. Moreover, the descriptions in this specification are for illustrative purposes only and do not necessarily reflect the actual shape, size, or dimensions of the system or the illustrated components.

[0014] As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the," and the singular use of any word, should be noted as including multiple referents unless explicitly and definitively limited to one referent. As used herein, the term "include" and its grammatical inflections are intended to be non-restrictive, and the reference of any listed item does not preclude other similar items that may be replaced or added to the listed item. Unless otherwise stated, all quantitative values ​​are approximations, whether or not they are preceded by words such as "approximately" or "about." The materials, methods, and examples described herein are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this specification. In particular, the present invention provides an adhesive composition having improved bonding properties for bonding tapes to roof structures such as roof membranes, and tapes made therefrom.

[0015] As shown in FIG. 1, the tape 100 includes a backing layer 120 and a release liner or release paper 160. The tape 100 may include, for example, a pressure-sensitive tape including a pressure-sensitive adhesive 140 coated on the backing layer 120. The backing layer 120 may include any suitable material such as paper, plastic, polymer, fiber, film, cloth, or metal foil, which is generally resistant to exposure to ultraviolet light, ozone, and chemicals. In one embodiment, the backing layer 120 is a polymer backing layer. The release liner 160 may include any suitable paper or plastic-based film sheet (usually applied during the manufacturing process) used to prevent the adhesive surface from adhering prematurely. The release liner may have a release agent on one or both sides that provides a release effect against any type of sticky substance such as an adhesive or mastic.

[0016] The adhesive 140 includes an elastomeric material and is chlorinated. The chlorine-containing substance constitutes about 2% to about 75% by mass of the present adhesive. Chlorine is held in the material in the range of about 2% to about 75% by mass of the present adhesive. In one embodiment, chlorine is held in the material in the range of about 2% to 25% by mass of the present adhesive, and in another embodiment, the chlorinated material is present in the range of about 5% to about 15% by mass of the present adhesive. In certain embodiments, chlorine is provided as another substance mixed with the elastomeric material. In other embodiments, the elastomeric material itself is chlorinated. The presence of chlorine in the present adhesive improves the bonding ability of the adhesive to a specific substrate. Materials suitable for holding chlorine include, but are not limited to, chlorobutyl, chlorinated polyolefin, chlorinated isobutylene, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated silicate and other fillers, chlorinated hydrocarbon resin, and any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the chlorine-containing substance includes chlorobutyl. In some embodiments, the present adhesive has a glass transition temperature (T g ) of about -60 °C to about 0 °C. This ensures that the present adhesive forms a bond that is properly held at room temperature between the tape and the substrate. The elastomer material constitutes about 15% to about 40% by mass of the present adhesive, or about 20% to about 30% by mass of the present adhesive. The elastomer material may include rubber-based materials, polymers such as acrylics, TPOs, etc.

[0017] In certain embodiments, the elastomer material includes a rubber-based material such as a butyl-based material. Suitable materials for the butyl-based material include, but are not limited to, halogenated butyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, halogenated isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, bromo-isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, styrene butadiene rubber, nitrile butyl rubber, silicone butyl rubber, virgin butyl, butyl blend, and any combination or mixture thereof. In one embodiment, the butyl-based material includes a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene.

[0018] In at least one embodiment, the present adhesive may include rubber or a rubber-based material. At least some of the rubber or rubber-based material may be or include a halogenated rubber (e.g., chlorinated rubber), and at least some of the rubber or rubber-based material may be or include a non-halogenated rubber. The mass ratio of non-halogenated rubber to halogenated rubber can be from about 1:1 (i.e., about 1 to about 1) to about 7:1 (i.e., about 7 to about 1). For example, the mass ratio of non-halogenated rubber to halogenated rubber can be from about 1:1, about 1.5:1, about 2:1, about 2.5:1, about 3:1, about 3.5:1, or about 4:1 to about 4.5:1, about 5:1, about 5.5:1, about 6:1, about 6.5:1, or about 7:1. In another example, the mass ratio of non-halogenated rubber to halogenated rubber can be about 1:1 to about 7:1, about 1.5:1 to about 6.5:1, about 2:1 to about 6:1, about 2.5:1 to about 5.5:1, about 3:1 to about 5:1, about 3.5:1 to about 4.5:1, or about 4:1. The adhesive may further contain a tackifier. Suitable materials for the tackifier include polybutene homopolymers, phenolic tackifiers, non-phenolic tackifiers, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the tackifier is chlorinated. In other embodiments, the chlorine-containing substance is another substance mixed with the tackifier and elastomer material.

[0019] The adhesive may further contain a filler. Suitable materials for the filler include expanded perlite, spheres, expandable spheres, ceramic spheres, zeolites, clay fillers, glass beads, hollow inorganic beads, silica-based fillers, zinc oxide, glass fibers, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, silica fibers, ceramic fibers, conductive and / or thermally conductive particles, nanoparticles, and any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the filler is chlorinated. In other embodiments, the chlorine-containing substance is another substance mixed with the filler and elastomer material. The adhesive may further contain a plasticizer. Suitable materials for the plasticizer include polyisobutylene, mineral oil, tall oil resin (TOR), hydrocarbon resin, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, liquid hydrocarbon resin, polybutene, polyalkylene oxide, adipic acid ester, formic acid ester, phosphate ester, benzoic acid ester, phthalic acid ester, sulfonamide, naphthenic oil, and any combination or mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, the plasticizer is chlorinated. In other embodiments, the chlorine-containing substance is another substance mixed with the plasticizer and elastomer material.

[0020] Referring here to Figure 2, tape 100 can be applied to a roof structure such as a roofing film 200. The roofing film may include any sheet material used to cover a flat roof or a low-slope roof, such as any suitable single film or single layer film. In a particular embodiment, the film comprises three layers (not shown): a polymer base, a polyester-reinforced scrim intermediate layer, and a polymer surface layer, which are heat-sealed in the factory. The polymer base and / or polymer surface layer may include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene dientrepolymer (EPDM), thermoplastic olefin, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), or any other polymer suitable for use with roof structures.

[0021] In a particular embodiment, the roof membrane 200 comprises an unprimed thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The tape 100 adheres to the TPO without the use of a primer. In a particular embodiment, the tape adheres to the TPO with a peel adhesion of at least about 10 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions, or at least about 14 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions. In other embodiments, the roof membrane 200 comprises a primer-coated thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The tape 100 adheres to the TPO with a peel adhesion of at least about 20 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions, or at least about 25 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions.

[0022] Methods for forming adhesives, tapes, and roof structures are described herein. The components of the adhesive are mixed by any method known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, a butyl-based elastomer material is mixed with a chlorine-containing substance such as chlorobutyl. Other materials such as plasticizers, fillers, oils and fats, additional rubber, tackifiers, and other additives (e.g., antioxidants) may be mixed with the elastomer and the chlorine-containing substance. All of these materials may be mixed in a single step, or the mixing may involve a series of steps. In one embodiment, the butyl-based elastomer material is mixed with a chlorine-containing substance and one or more fillers in a first step, and then in a second or third step, suitable fillers, tackifiers, and plasticizers are mixed with the first group of raw materials. Next, the tape is formed by laminating an adhesive between the backing layer and the release liner in a manner known to those skilled in the art. The tape can then be applied to a roofing film or other structure by peeling off the release liner and adhering the backing layer 120 to the film. In one embodiment, the roofing material film comprises thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The surface of the TPO is thoroughly cleaned with a cleaning agent such as xylene or isopropanol (IPA). After this cleaning process, the release layer is peeled off the adhesive, and the tape is applied to the cleaned surface of the TPO film. [Examples]

[0023] (Example 1) The first composition was prepared by combining the components shown in Table 1. The mass, tolerance, specific gravity, and specific volume of each component are provided. [Table 1]

[0024] Mixture 1 was prepared by mixing rubber components: (1) isobutylene-isoprene copolymer butyl rubber (e.g., Butyl 301 / Butyl 268, commercially available from Lanxess of Cologne, Germany) and (2) styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer rubber (e.g., Vector 4113A, commercially available from TSRC Corporation); chlorinated copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene rubber (e.g., CHLOROBUTYL 1066, commercially available from ExxonMobil of Houston, Texas); antioxidant (e.g., IRGANOX® B 215, commercially available from BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany); and aluminum silicate filler (e.g., WILCLAY SA-1 KAOLIN CLAY, commercially available from Active Minerals). Mixture 1 was mixed at a rate of 45 RPM for approximately 2 minutes and 30 seconds.

[0025] Mixture 2 was prepared by mixing fillers: zinc oxide (e.g., KADOX-920, commercially available from Zochem of Ontario, Canada) and aluminum silicate (e.g., WILCLAY SA-1 KAOLIN CLAY, commercially available from Active Minerals); tackifiers: tall oil resin (e.g., SYLVAROS® PR295, commercially available from Kraton of The Woodlands, Texas); aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resin (ESCOREZ® 1310, commercially available from ExxonMobil of Houston, Texas); and thermoplastic aromatic hydrocarbon resin (e.g., ENDEX 155, commercially available from Downers Grove, Illinois); and plasticizer: polybutylene polymer (e.g., POLYBUTENE24 / INDOPOLH100 / TCP 1105, commercially available from Soltex, Inc. of The Woodlands, Texas). In detail, zinc oxide, tall oil resin, about half of aluminum silicate, and about 10 pounds of polybutene polymer were brought into contact with mixture 1 and mixed at about 45 RPM for about 4 minutes. The remaining components, excluding the aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resin, were then brought into contact with or combined with this mixture and mixed at about 110 RPM for about 2.5 minutes. The aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resin was then combined with this mixture to prepare the first composition.

[0026] (Example 2) The second composition was prepared by combining the components shown in Table 2. The mass, tolerance, specific gravity, and specific volume of each component are provided. [Table 2]

[0027] Mixture 1 was prepared by mixing rubber components: (1) isobutylene-isoprene copolymer butyl rubber (e.g., Butyl 301 / Butyl 268, commercially available from Lanxess of Cologne, Germany) and (2) styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer rubber (e.g., Vector 4113A, commercially available from TSRC Corporation); chlorinated copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene rubber (e.g., CHLOROBUTYL 1066, commercially available from ExxonMobil of Houston, Texas); antioxidant (e.g., IRGANOX® B 215, commercially available from BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany); and aluminum silicate filler (e.g., WILCLAY SA-1 KAOLIN CLAY, commercially available from Active Minerals). Mixture 1 was mixed for about 2 minutes and 30 seconds, starting at about 40 RPM and continuing at a rate of 45 RPM.

[0028] Mixture 2 was prepared by mixing fillers: zinc oxide (e.g., KADOX-920, commercially available from Zochem of Ontario, Canada) and aluminum silicate (e.g., WILCLAY SA-1 KAOLIN CLAY, commercially available from Active Minerals); tackifiers: tall oil resin (e.g., SYLVAROS® PR295, commercially available from Kraton of The Woodlands, Texas); aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resin (ESCOREZ® 1310, commercially available from ExxonMobil of Houston, Texas); and thermoplastic aromatic hydrocarbon resin (e.g., ENDEX 155, commercially available from Downers Grove, Illinois); and plasticizer: polybutylene polymer (e.g., POLYBUTENE24 / INDOPOLH100 / TCP 1105, commercially available from Soltex, Inc. of The Woodlands, Texas). In detail, zinc oxide, tall oil resin, about half of aluminum silicate, and about 10 pounds of polybutene polymer were brought into contact with mixture 1 and mixed at about 45 RPM for about 4 minutes. The remaining components, excluding the aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resin, were then brought into contact with or combined with this mixture and mixed at about 110 RPM for about 2.5 minutes. Next, the aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resin was combined with this mixture to prepare a second composition.

[0029] (Example 3) A third composition was prepared by combining the components shown in Table 3. The mass, tolerance, specific gravity, and specific volume of each component are provided. [Table 3]

[0030] Mixture 1 was prepared by mixing rubber components: (1) isobutylene-isoprene copolymer butyl rubber (e.g., Butyl 301 / Butyl 268, commercially available from Lanxess of Cologne, Germany) and (2) styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer rubber (e.g., Vector 4113A, commercially available from TSRC Corporation); chlorinated copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene rubber (e.g., CHLOROBUTYL 1066, commercially available from ExxonMobil of Houston, Texas); antioxidant (e.g., IRGANOX® B 215, commercially available from BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany); and aluminum silicate filler (e.g., WILCLAY SA-1 KAOLIN CLAY, commercially available from Active Minerals). Mixture 1 was mixed at a rate of 45 RPM for approximately 2 minutes and 30 seconds.

[0031] Mixture 2 contains fillers: zinc oxide (e.g., KADOX-920, commercially available from Zochem of Ontario, Canada), aluminum silicate (e.g., WILCLAY SA-1 KAOLIN CLAY, commercially available from Active Minerals), and titanium dioxide (e.g., KRONOS 2310, commercially available from Kronos of Leverkusen, Germany); tackifiers: aliphatic C-5 petroleum hydrocarbon resins (e.g., WINGTACK® 10, commercially available from Cray Valley / TotalEnergies of Houston, Texas; PICCOTAC 1020, commercially available from Eastman of Kingsport, Tennessee; and ADTAC LV, commercially available from Ashland Inc. of Wilmington, DE), tall oil resins (e.g., SYLVAROS® PR295, Kraton of The Woodlands, Texas) The mixture was prepared by mixing: aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resin (ESCOREZ® 1310, commercially available from ExxonMobil of Houston, Texas); and thermoplastic aromatic hydrocarbon resin (e.g., ENDEX 155, commercially available from Downers Grove, Illinois); and a plasticizer: polybutylene polymer (e.g., POLYBUTENE 24 / INDOPOLH 100 / TCP 1105, commercially available from Soltex, Inc. of The Woodlands, Texas). Specifically, zinc oxide, tall oil resin, about half a pound of aluminum silicate, and about 10 pounds of polybutene polymer were brought into contact with mixture 1 and mixed at about 45 RPM for about 4 minutes. The remaining components, excluding the aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resins (e.g., WINGTAC 10, PICCOTAC 1020, ADTAC LV, and ESCOREZ 1310), were then contacted with or combined with this mixture and mixed at approximately 110 RPM for approximately 2.5 minutes. Next, the aliphatic hydrocarbon C5 resins were combined with this mixture to prepare a third composition.

[0032] (Example 4) Adhesion tests were conducted on the adhesive compositions to compare the tensile strength required to separate the tape from the substrate (TPO). Specifically, adhesion tests were performed on the first, second, and third compositions of Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the tensile strength required to separate the tape from the TPO substrate was evaluated. These tests were conducted under the following standards: (1) Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC) 101 - Peel Adhesion of Pressure Sensitive Tapes; (2) European Adhesive Tape Association (AFERA) 5001 - Measurement of Peel Adhesion of Adhesive Tapes ISO 2986; and (3) ASTM D100 - Standard Test Methods for Pressure Sensitive Tapes.

[0033] In the first test, various adhesives were subjected to a 180-degree peel test at 12 inches per minute under ambient conditions. In this test, the substrate was a primed and unwashed TPO roof film. As shown in Table 4 below, tapes containing the adhesives described herein and in Example 1 (indicated as “Test Samples” in the table) showed substantially superior performance compared to the control samples (indicated as “Control Samples” in the table). The tapes described herein bonded to TPO with a peel strength (pounds / inch) of 25.98 PLI ​​in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 12 inches / minute under ambient conditions, while the control samples bonded with peel strengths of only 8.91 and 17.29 PLI.

[0034] [Table 4]

[0035] (Example 5) Additional tests were conducted on unprimed, unwashed PTO roofing film materials using a 180-degree peel test at 12 inches per minute. As shown in Table 5 below, the adhesives mixed according to Example 1 (labeled "Test Samples" in the table) showed substantially superior performance in terms of adhesion to unprimed, unwashed thermoplastic polyolefin roofing film materials compared to various other test subjects (labeled "Control Samples" in the table, along with additional additives). The tapes / adhesives described herein bonded to TPO with a peel adhesion strength of 2.75 PLI (pounds / inch) in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 12 inches / minute under ambient conditions.

[0036] [Table 5]

[0037] (Example 6) For unprimed and unwashed PTO roofing film materials, additional tests were conducted using a 2-inch peel test. As shown in Table 6 below, the adhesive mixed according to Example 1 (labeled "Test Sample" in the table) showed substantially superior performance in terms of adhesion to unprimed and unwashed thermoplastic polyolefin roofing film materials compared to various other test subjects (labeled "Control Sample" in the table, along with additional additives). The tapes / adhesives described herein bonded to TPO with a peel adhesion strength of 8.85 PLI (pounds / inch) in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / minute under ambient conditions.

[0038] [Table 6]

[0039] (Example 7) Finally, in this instance, further testing was conducted using a 2-inch / min peel test again on unprimed but cleaned (particularly with 99% IPA before applying the tape) PTO roofing film material. As shown in Table 7 below, the adhesive mixed according to Example 1 (labeled "Test Sample" in the table) showed substantially superior performance in terms of adhesion to unprimed, uncleaned thermoplastic polyolefin roofing film material compared to various other test subjects (labeled "Control Sample" in the table, along with additional additives). The tapes / adhesives described herein bonded to TPO with a peel adhesion strength (pounds / inch) of 14.24 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions.

[0040] [Table 7] Therefore, the adhesive samples described herein provided improved bonding to TPO substrates compared to the control samples, whether the TPO substrate was primed, unprimed, or unprimed and unwashed.

[0041] While apparatus, systems, and methods have been described in detail herein in certain preferred embodiments, many modifications and changes to these can be achieved by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the above description should not be considered limiting, but rather limited only to the intent and scope of the following claims, including such obvious modifications.

Claims

1. An adhesive containing an elastomer material, which is chlorinated.

2. The adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the elastomer material comprises a rubber-based material, an acrylic, a polymer material, or a thermoplastic polyolefin.

3. The adhesive according to claim 2, wherein the rubber-based material includes a butyl-based material.

4. The adhesive according to claim 3, wherein the butyl-based material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of halogenated butyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, halogenated isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, bromo-isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile butyl rubber, silicone butyl rubber, virgin butyl, butyl blend, and any combination or mixture thereof.

5. The adhesive according to claim 4, wherein the butyl-based material comprises a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene.

6. The adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the elastomer material is approximately 15% to approximately 40% by mass of the adhesive.

7. The adhesive according to claim 6, wherein the elastomer material is in an amount of about 20% to about 30% by mass of the adhesive.

8. The adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the elastomer material is chlorinated.

9. The adhesive according to claim 1, further comprising a chlorine-containing substance.

10. The adhesive according to claim 9, wherein the chlorine-containing substance comprises a material selected from the group consisting of chlorobutyl, chlorinated polyolefin, chlorinated isobutylene, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated silicate and other fillers, chlorinated hydrocarbon resins, and any combination thereof.

11. The adhesive according to claim 10, wherein the chlorine-containing substance includes chlorobutyl.

12. The adhesive according to claim 1, wherein chlorine is contained in the material in an amount ranging from approximately 2% by mass to approximately 75% by mass of the adhesive.

13. The adhesive according to claim 12, wherein chlorine is contained in the material in an amount ranging from about 2% by mass to about 25% by mass of the adhesive.

14. The adhesive according to claim 13, wherein chlorine is contained in the material in an amount ranging from approximately 5% by mass to approximately 15% by mass of the adhesive.

15. Glass transition temperature (T) is approximately -60 degrees Celsius to approximately 0 degrees Celsius. g The adhesive according to claim 1, having )

16. The adhesive according to claim 1, further comprising a tackifier.

17. The adhesive according to claim 16, wherein the tackifier is chlorinated.

18. The adhesive according to claim 16, wherein the tackifier comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polybutene homopolymer, phenolic tackifying resin, non-phenolic tackifying resin, and combinations thereof.

19. The adhesive according to claim 1, further comprising a filler.

20. The adhesive according to claim 19, wherein the filler is chlorinated.

21. The adhesive according to claim 19, wherein the filler comprises a material selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite, spheres, expandable spheres, ceramic spheres, zeolite, clay filler, glass beads, hollow inorganic beads, silica-based filler, glass fibers, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, zinc oxide, silica fibers, ceramic fibers, conductive and / or thermally conductive particles, nanoparticles, and any combination thereof.

22. The adhesive according to claim 1, further comprising a plasticizer.

23. The adhesive according to claim 22, wherein the plasticizer is chlorinated.

24. The adhesive according to claim 22, wherein the plasticizer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, mineral oil, tall oil resin (TOR), hydrocarbon resin, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, liquid hydrocarbon resin, polybutene, polyalkylene oxide, adipic acid ester, formic acid ester, phosphate ester, benzoic acid ester, phthalic acid ester, sulfonamide, naphthenic oil, and any combination or mixture thereof.

25. The adhesive according to claim 1, which is a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA).

26. The adhesive according to claim 25, further configured for use on a substrate comprising polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene dienterpolymer (EPDM), thermoplastic olefin, or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

27. The adhesive according to claim 26, wherein the substrate comprises an untreated thermoplastic polyolefin.

28. It is a tape, The first layer and, A release liner is removably connected to the first layer, The adhesive is placed between the first layer and the release liner, and contains an elastomer material, is chlorinated, and Tape, including

29. The adhesive has a glass transition temperature (T) of approximately -60 degrees Celsius to approximately 0 degrees Celsius. g The tape according to claim 28, having ).

30. The tape according to claim 28, wherein chlorine is contained in the material in an amount ranging from about 2% by mass to about 75% by mass of the adhesive.

31. The tape according to claim 30, wherein chlorine is contained in the material in an amount ranging from about 2% by mass to about 25% by mass of the adhesive.

32. The tape according to claim 31, wherein chlorine is contained in the material in an amount ranging from approximately 5% by mass to approximately 15% by mass of the adhesive.

33. The tape according to claim 28, wherein the elastomer material constitutes about 15% to about 40% by mass of the adhesive.

34. The tape according to claim 22, wherein the elastomer material constitutes about 20% to about 30% by mass of the adhesive.

35. The tape according to claim 28, wherein the elastomer material comprises a rubber-based material, acrylic, polymer material, or thermoplastic polyolefin.

36. The tape according to claim 35, wherein the rubber-based material includes a butyl-based material.

37. The tape according to claim 36, wherein the butyl material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of halogenated butyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, halogenated isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, bromo-isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile butyl rubber, silicone butyl rubber, virgin butyl, butyl blend, and any combination or mixture thereof.

38. The tape according to claim 37, wherein the butyl-based material comprises a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene.

39. The tape according to claim 28, wherein the elastomer material is chlorinated.

40. The tape according to claim 28, wherein the adhesive further comprises a chlorine-containing substance.

41. The tape according to claim 40, wherein the chlorine-containing substance comprises a material selected from the group consisting of chlorobutyl, chlorinated polyolefin, chlorinated isobutylene, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated silicate and other fillers, chlorinated hydrocarbon resins, and any combination thereof.

42. The tape according to claim 41, wherein the chlorine-containing substance contains chlorobutyl.

43. The tape according to claim 28, wherein the adhesive is configured to bond the first layer of the tape to the roofing substrate.

44. The tape according to claim 42, wherein the roofing substrate comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene dienterpolymer (EPDM), thermoplastic olefin, or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

45. The tape according to claim 43, wherein the roofing substrate is an untreated thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

46. Roof membrane and Tape and, A roof structure comprising an adhesive for joining tape to a roof membrane, wherein the adhesive contains an elastomer material and is chlorinated.

47. The roof structure according to claim 46, wherein the roof membrane comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene dienterpolymer (EPDM), thermoplastic olefin, or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

48. The roof structure according to claim 46, wherein the roof membrane comprises untreated thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), and the tape is bonded to the TPO without the use of a primer.

49. The roof structure according to claim 48, wherein the tape adheres to the TPO with a peel adhesion strength of at least 10 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions.

50. The roof structure according to claim 49, wherein the tape adheres to the TPO with a peel adhesion strength of at least 14 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions.

51. The roof structure according to claim 50, wherein the tape adheres to the TPO with a peel adhesion strength of at least 25 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions.

52. The roof structure according to claim 48, wherein the roof membrane comprises a primer-coated thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), and the tape is bonded to the TPO with a peel adhesion strength of at least 20 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions.

53. The steps include providing a roof membrane and A step of providing an adhesive, wherein the adhesive contains an elastomer material and is chlorinated, The steps include: attaching the tape to the roof membrane using adhesive and A roof structure assembled by a method including the following.

54. The roof structure according to claim 53, further comprising applying a cleaning agent to the roof membrane before the tape is bonded to the roof membrane.

55. The roof structure according to claim 54, wherein the cleaning agent is selected from the group consisting of xylene and isopropanol (IPA).

56. The roof structure according to claim 53, wherein the roof membrane comprises a thermoplastic olefin or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

57. The roof structure according to claim 56, wherein the roof membrane comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin, and the tape is bonded to the roof membrane without the use of a primer.

58. The roof structure according to claim 57, wherein the tape adheres to the roof membrane with a peel adhesion force of at least 10 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / minute under ambient conditions.

59. The roof structure according to claim 58, wherein the tape adheres to the roof membrane with a peel adhesion force of at least 14 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions.

60. The roof membrane comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin and further includes a step of priming the roof. The tape adheres to the roof membrane with a peel adhesion strength of at least 20 PLI in a 180-degree peel test using a tensile speed of 2 inches / min under ambient conditions. The roof structure according to claim 56.

61. The roof structure according to claim 53, wherein the elastomer material is chlorinated.

62. The roof structure according to claim 53, wherein the adhesive comprises a rubber-based elastomer material mixed with a chlorinated filler.

63. The roof structure according to claim 62, wherein the filler comprises a material selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite, spheres, expandable spheres, ceramic spheres, zeolite, clay filler, glass beads, hollow inorganic beads, silica-based filler, glass fibers, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, silica fibers, ceramic fibers, conductive and / or thermally conductive particles, nanoparticles, and any combination thereof.

64. The roof structure according to claim 53, wherein the adhesive comprises a chlorinated plasticizer mixed with an elastomer material.

65. The roof structure according to claim 64, wherein the plasticizer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, mineral oil, tall oil resin (TOR), hydrocarbon resin, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, liquid hydrocarbon resin, polybutene, polyalkylene oxide, zinc oxide, adipic acid ester, formic acid ester, phosphate ester, benzoic acid ester, phthalic acid ester, sulfonamide, naphthenic oil, and any combination or mixture thereof.

66. The roof structure according to claim 53, wherein the elastomer material is mixed with a chlorinated tackifier.

67. The roof structure according to claim 66, wherein the tackifier comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polybutene homopolymer, phenolic tackifying resin, non-phenolic tackifying resin, and combinations thereof.

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