Methods and apparatus for storing and processing biomass at extreme ocean depths

Abstract

A method and system for storing and processing biomass harvested at extreme ocean depths includes an ocean control system that assists in the storage of biomass such as seaweed and / or algal biomass in a containment vessel, controls the floating and / or sinking of the containment vessel, performs performance and safety monitoring and verification, and enables the seaweed and / or biomass to be stored and / or retrieved on demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Reference to Related Applications This application claims the priority and benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 461,049, titled "Method and Apparatus for Storing and Processing Biomass at Extreme Ocean Depths," filed on April 21, 2023, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Background Art

[0002] Algae and / or seaweed biomass can be harvested from the ocean using various techniques. Algae and / or seaweed can be harvested from bioreactors. A bioreactor is a system that promotes a biologically active environment. A typical bioreactor has a vessel in which a chemical process involving organisms or biochemically active substances derived from organisms takes place. Some common bioreactors have a cylindrical shape. Bioreactors typically operate in one of several modes, including continuous modes such as batch, fed-batch, or continuous stirred-tank bioreactors. The organisms growing in the bioreactor are usually submerged in a liquid such as water or seawater. The environmental conditions within the bioreactor, such as temperature, nutrient concentration, pH, dissolved gases, and light intensity, can be controlled. A photobioreactor (PBR) is a type of bioreactor that uses natural or artificial light to enhance the chemical process within the bioreactor. Photobioreactors are often used to grow photosynthetic organisms, including cyanobacteria, algae, or moss plants. Seaweed is a group of algae. All seaweed species are autotrophic, while some algae species are dependent on other external food materials. Light provides an energy source to organisms that can eliminate the need for sugars or lipids as an energy source through photosynthesis.

[0003] Algal or seaweed biomass produced by bioreactors can be dried and used in a variety of applications, including food. Induced fine biochemical products can be extracted from algae and include, for example, cosmetic pigments, fatty acids, antioxidants, proteins with prophylactic properties, growth factors, antibiotics, vitamins, and polysaccharides. Algal biomass can also be useful, in low doses, to replace or reduce levels of antibiotics in animal food or as a source of protein. Wet algal biomass can be fermented or liquefied by thermal processes to produce biofuels. Early photobioreactors used shallow lagoons agitated by one or more paddle wheels. These photobioreactors had low productivity and were susceptible to seasonal and daily climate changes. They were also limited to tropical and subtropical regions and easily contaminated. Closed culture systems address the limitations associated with shallow lagoons or open systems by providing more consistent control of environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and culture mixture within the bioreactor. Some bioreactors inject inorganic carbon, either in the form of gaseous CO2 or bicarbonate, as a carbon source to promote the growth of microalgae.

[0004] After algal or seaweed biomass is produced by a bioreactor or harvested using any known harvesting technique, such biomass needs to be stored in order to preserve the biomass during storage and / or to facilitate certain chemical processes.

[0005] Furthermore, seaweed farming and biomass cultivation are becoming increasingly important sources of food and energy, requiring efficient and safe mechanisms for cultivation and harvesting. Therefore, more efficient and automated technologies are needed to facilitate such harvesting while ensuring the safety of harvesting systems and the surrounding environment. [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] This application addresses, in various embodiments, the shortcomings associated with the efficient and reliable storage of cultured or harvested algae and / or seaweed.

[0007] This application relates to the storage and processing of harvested biomass, and more particularly to novel methods and apparatus for storing and preserving large quantities of biomass at extreme ocean depths while providing chemical transformations that capture and store carbon and enhance its value under deep-sea conditions. Depths may include, for example, depths greater than the photic zone (about 200 meters or 656 feet), mesopelagic depths (about 200 meters to 1000 meters), bathylate depths (about 1000 meters to 4000 meters), apocalyptic depths (about 3000 meters to 6500 meters), and / or ultra-deep ocean depths (about 6000 meters to 11000 meters).

[0008] This disclosure describes, in one embodiment, a method and apparatus for storing and processing biomass harvested at extreme ocean depths, comprising one or more of the following features and / or steps:

[0009] 1. Harvesting: Large quantities of biomass are harvested from marine resources such as seagrass or algae using standard harvesting techniques.

[0010] 2. Compression: The harvested biomass is placed in a compression containment vessel designed to withstand the high pressure and low temperature of extreme ocean depths. The vessel is then secured and submerged to a depth that achieves the combination of extreme pressure and low temperature. The compression vessel may include at least one opening that allows seawater to pass through while restricting or preventing the biomass from escaping the vessel. The vessel may contain biodegradable materials such as nylon, plastic, and / or polymer-based materials. The vessel may contain one or more nylon bags. The compression vessel may include a watertight pressure vessel configured to withstand extreme pressure at extreme ocean depths. Such a vessel may contain materials such as steel, titanium, and / or other materials configured to withstand extreme pressure.

[0011] 3. Storage and Preservation: This compressible storage container provides a stable environment for biomass, maintaining its integrity and preventing spoilage over long periods. The container also captures and stores carbon trapped by seaweed or algae during its growth, providing potential credit for carbon offsetting.

[0012] 4. Chemical Transformations: Extreme ocean depths can provide a unique environment for chemical transformations that enhance the value of biomass, such as the conversion of lipids or proteins. Compressible containment vessels can be designed to facilitate these transformations, adding further value to stored biomass.

[0013] 5. Search and Processing: Biomass can be recovered from compressible containment vessels and transported to the surface for processing, as required. Biomass can be processed using standard techniques to extract valuable components such as polysaccharides, fatty acids, or minerals.

[0014] 6. Carbon Capture and Storage: Biomass that captures carbon during photosynthesis stores its value during its storage in the deep sea, which can be monitored, verified, and reported for the purpose of generating nature-based credits for the capture, storage, and use of blue carbon with a high degree of integrity and accuracy.

[0015] In various embodiments, the disclosed systems, methods, and apparatus offer several advantages over existing methods of biomass storage and processing. By storing biomass at extreme ocean depths, the present invention provides long-term storage and carbon capture, while also providing a unique environment for value-enhancing chemical conversion. The biomass can be recovered and processed on demand, enabling flexible and efficient processing. Such biomass can be used in environmentally friendly packaging, concrete, textiles, food, biofuels, and other applications.

[0016] This disclosure describes, in certain embodiments, novel methods and apparatus for storing and processing biomass harvested at extreme ocean depths. Such systems and methods provide flexible and efficient processing while enabling long-term storage, carbon capture, and value-enhancing chemical conversion. The present invention has applicability in a variety of industries, including the food, pharmaceutical, and energy industries.

[0017] This disclosure also describes an ocean control system that assists in the flooding of seaweed and / or algal biomass, as well as in monitoring and verifying its performance and safety, and enabling the on-demand harvesting of seaweed and / or biomass. Seaweed cultivation and / or biomass farming are becoming increasingly important as food and energy sources, requiring efficient and safe cultivation and harvesting mechanisms. This disclosure includes aspects that address the need for an automated system that controls the flooding and resurfacing of seaweed and / or algal biomass, monitors its growth and condition, and ensures the safety of the system and the surrounding environment.

[0018] In some embodiments, an ocean control system for the infiltration, monitoring, and retrieval of seaweed and / or algal biomass includes a network and / or multiple sensors, communication devices, and actuators, such as ballast tanks, enabling the control and monitoring of seaweed cultivation and / or storage activities. The system may include an underwater platform supporting seaweed and / or biomass cultivation and may be equipped with a control unit that regulates infiltration, storage, supply or extraction to and from a photobioreactor and / or containment vessel, and / or re-floating of the culture. The platform, which may include a photobioreactor and / or biomass storage containment vessel, may be connected to a buoy that serves as a communication hub for the system.

[0019] In some embodiments, the system's sensors monitor temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and other environmental factors affecting the growth and health of seaweed and / or algal biomass cultures. The sensors may be connected to a control unit, which adjusts the immersion and re-floating of the cultivation and / or storage platform based on the data received from the sensors. The control unit can also ensure the safety of the system by monitoring the platform's position, stability, and buoyancy via one or more sensors.

[0020] In various embodiments, communication devices, such as wireless transceivers, enable remote monitoring and control of the system. The buoy may be equipped with and / or house satellite transceivers that enable communication with a control center on land. The control center can receive data from sensors and send commands to control units to coordinate operations associated with the platform, such as flooding and resurfacing of the platform, by, but not limited to, controlling one or more actuators to, for example, at least partially or unfill one or more ballast tanks with seawater, as needed. The control center can also receive alerts from the system in the event of an emergency or malfunction of a component or system associated with the platform.

[0021] In some embodiments, actuators enable the submersion and re-floating of the cultivation and / or storage platform. The platform may include a ballast control system which may have ballast tanks that can be at least partially filled with seawater to submerge the platform or at least partially emptied to re-float the platform. The ballast control system is electronically connected to and / or telecommunicates with a control unit which adjusts and / or controls the filling and emptying of the ballast tanks based on data received from sensors. In some embodiments, the containment vessel is configured to operate as a photobioreactor at a first depth and as a biomass storage vessel at a second depth. The first depth may be within the photic layer, and the second depth may be below the photic layer.

[0022] The control unit may include an ocean AI control system that can utilize open-source and / or proprietary sets of programs to process big data, predictive analytics, and AI to improve its management and performance. These technologies can help optimize platform operations such as system flooding and resurfacing schedules, photobioreactors and / or storage containment vessel operations, predict potential aquaculture problems, schedule and control biomass delivery to storage containment vessels, schedule and control extraction of stored biomass from storage containment vessels, and provide actionable autonomous controls to improve the growth and health of seaweed aquaculture. Here are some examples of how big data, predictive analytics, and AI can be used to best manage this ocean control system.

[0023] 1. Predictive Maintenance: Sensors in marine control systems generate a vast amount of data that can be used to detect potential problems and prevent system downtime. By analyzing sensor data using machine learning algorithms, the system can predict when maintenance will be needed and take proactive measures to prevent failures before they occur. This predictive maintenance approach can help reduce downtime and maintenance costs and improve system reliability and performance.

[0024] 2. Optimization of flooding and re-floating schedules and biomass delivery and extraction to / from storage containers: The system's control unit adjusts the flooding and re-floating of seaweed cultures based on environmental factors monitored by sensors. By analyzing this sensor data, as well as other relevant data such as weather forecasts and tidal information, predictive analytics algorithms can optimize the flooding and re-floating schedule to maximize seaweed growth and health. This optimization can result in higher yields and lower costs. In some embodiments, the containers used to store seaweed and / or biomass may be located at specific extreme depths. Instead of, or in addition to, flooding and re-floating, the containers may include at least one conduit and / or pipe that allows for the delivery of biomass to the containers for storage over a period of time and allows for the extraction of stored biomass on demand after a certain storage period.

[0025] 3. Early detection of environmental changes: Sensors in the marine control system monitor environmental factors that affect seaweed growth and health. By analyzing this data using machine learning algorithms, the system can detect early signs of environmental changes, such as fluctuations in water temperature or changes in dissolved oxygen levels. The system can then take preventative steps to address these changes before they negatively impact seaweed cultivation.

[0026] 4. Prediction Analysis of Seaweed Growth and Health: The sensors of the marine control system monitor various environmental factors that affect the growth and health of seaweed cultivation. By analyzing this data using machine learning algorithms, the system can predict the growth and health trends of seaweed. The system can then provide practical insights for improving the growth and health of seaweed, such as adjusting the nutrient levels in the water or modifying the flooding and refloating schedules.

[0027] 5. Optimization of Environmentally Friendly Sustainable Energy Consumption: The marine control system requires energy to power the control unit, sensors, and communication devices. By analyzing the energy consumption of the system using machine learning algorithms, the system can optimize energy usage, such as reducing energy consumption during low-activity periods or using renewable energy sources to power the system.

[0028] In summary, big data, predictive analysis, and AI can be used to enhance the management and performance of the marine AI control systems described in previous patent applications. These technologies can provide practical insights for improving the growth and health of seaweed cultures, optimizing flooding and refloating schedules, detecting potential problems before they occur, and reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

[0029] Any two or more of the features described herein, including this summary section, may be combined to form implementations not specifically described herein. Further, although this specification may refer to examples of systems, methods, and devices related to bioreactors that produce algae or seaweed, such techniques are equally applicable to bioreactors arranged to culture other organisms. For example, the systems and methods described herein related to photobioreactors can be used, without limitation, in any type of aquaculture, such as crustaceans, fish, mollusks, echinoderms, etc.

[0030] Details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary photobioreactor. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a computer system. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows a side view of the photobioreactor. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a top view of the photobioreactor of FIG. 3. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows a deep - sea photobioreactor system including a plurality of photobioreactors. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a top view of the photobioreactor of FIG. 5. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows another photobioreactor system. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows a nori cultivation process related to the operation of the photobioreactor of FIG. 5. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows a deep - sea storage system including a storage container for cultured and / or harvested algal or seaweed biomass; and [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows another deep - sea storage system including a container and at least one conduit for delivering or extracting algal and / or seaweed biomass to / from the storage container.

[0032] Like reference numerals in different figures indicate like elements.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0033] This application addresses, in various embodiments, the shortcomings associated with cultivating algae and / or seaweed using photobioreactors, and with efficiently and reliably storing the cultivated or harvested algae and / or seaweed. This application describes exemplary systems, methods, and devices for effectively and efficiently carrying out deep-sea and / or offshore algae and / or seaweed cultivation by configuring the photobioreactor to optimally stimulate biomass production and / or yield. Optimization may be enhanced by a specific arrangement of flow generators and / or photoemitters within the bioreactor. Optimization may be further enhanced by using sensors to monitor environmental conditions and providing sensor data to a bioreactor controller, which uses Al and / or ML to process the sensor data and dynamically adjust the operation of various bioreactor components, thereby regulating one or more environmental conditions within the bioreactor, which optimizes biomass quality and / or yield or optimizes seaweed properties for a target application.

[0034] Figure 1 shows an example of a photobioreactor 100, including a containment structure, container, and / or housing 102, which may be implemented in deep-sea and / or offshore or terrestrial environments. The bioreactor 100 also includes a recirculator 124 connected to a seawater intake 110 having an ozone filter 104, a CO2 injector 106, an ultraviolet (UV) filter 108, and a biofilter 112. The recirculator 124 and the seawater intake 110 provide an input of seawater into the containment structure 102, which is located in close proximity to the upper section of the structure 102. The seawater intake 110 and / or a dedicated nutrient injector 114 can supply nutrients to the liquid culture medium in the structure 102, e.g., seawater with or without nutrients. The seawater intake 110 and / or the recirculator 124 may use one or more mixing units to mix the recirculated liquid from the bioreactor, seawater, nutrients, and liquids from other inputs into the containment structure 102. The bioreactor 100 may include one or more environmental sensors and / or an array of sensors 116 arranged to sense one or more environmental conditions within the bioreactor 100. The bioreactor 100 includes a sampler 122 configured to filter seaweed biomass from the effluent at the outlet 120 and reduce the size of the seawater biomass that is recycled into the containment structure 102, or to take a portion of the seawater biomass.

[0035] In some embodiments, the bioreactor 100 includes a helical liner positioned adjacent to the inner surface of at least one side wall and in contact with the liquid culture medium, as disclosed with respect to Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the bioreactor 100 includes a plurality of flow generators, as described with respect to Figures 3 and 4, which are positioned within the containment structure 102 in a helical configuration between an upper section and a bottom section, and are arranged to direct the flow of the liquid culture medium from the upper section to the bottom section of the containment structure 102.

[0036] In certain embodiments, the bioreactor 100 includes a controller 118 configured to enable automatic control of the components of the bioreactor 100. The controller 118 includes a processor that performs artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML), neural networks, Bayesian networks, and / or fuzzy logic, processes sensor data received from the sensor array 116, and may control various environmental parameters of the bioreactor 100, including, but not limited to, biomass flow rate, temperature, nutrient concentration, pH level, dissolved gas concentration, and / or light intensity. The controller 118 may implement artificial neural networks (ANNs) and / or deep learning architectures, such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks, recurrent neural networks, and convolutional neural networks, to dynamically adjust environmental conditions within the bioreactor 100 or 300. The controller 118 may implement supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and / or unsupervised learning. Reinforcement learning may include game theory, control theory, operations research, information theory, and / or simulation-based optimization for dynamically adjusting environmental conditions within the bioreactor 100 or 300. The bioreactor culture environment can be represented as a Markov decision process (MOP). The controller 118 may create multiple decision trees to solve multiple cultivation optimization problems. The controller 118 may use a Bayesian network to optimize the algae and / or seaweed cultivation process.

[0037] The controller 118 may use one or more neural networks, such as a multilayer perceptron (MLP), a convolutional neural network (CNN), or a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM), trained to compute a function that maps input vectors to output vectors. The N-element output vector can convey estimates of the probabilities of N cultivation settings. In some embodiments, the controller 118 uses a recurrent neural network (RNN) in which its neurons send feedback signals to each other to enable dynamic temporal behavior. The controller 118 may also use an extended RNN called long short-term memory (LSTM) and / or hierarchical time memory (HTM). The controller 118 may use a combination of the aforementioned AI algorithms to form a hybrid control system. Decision tree is a general term to describe a decision process in which queries can be formulated at each node using one or more attributes and / or information-theoretic measures at each node, and in which a decision can be reached regarding the optimal cultivation configuration for growing algae and / or seaweed in the bioreactor 100.

[0038] During operation in one embodiment, seaweed and seawater are pumped through the recirculator 124 to the upper section of the containment structure 102, e.g., the liquid culture medium and / or the top of the water column. The seaweed reaches the water surface and begins to sink, starting to descend spirally through the containment structure 102. The seaweed progresses along the layers of the textile liner, spinning down inside the containment structure and / or silo 102. The seaweed is simultaneously pushed through the spiral conduit and "rotated" by one or more spirally piped flow generators, e.g., eductors. The seaweed is exposed to spectrally tuned LED light emitted from a light emitter to support or enhance cultivation and / or growth. Heavier biomass and / or other solids are selected through the vortex of the effluent inlet 120 for harvesting and / or size reduction and / or removal, thereby drawing smaller and / or lighter biomass into the recirculator 124 and pumping it back to the upper section of the containment structure 102. The above cycle is repeated continuously during operation.

[0039] The diameter or distance between the two side walls of the bioreactor 100 or 300 may be 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 7m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 30m, 40m, or 50m or more. The depth or distance from the top to the bottom of the bioreactor 100 or 300 may be 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 7m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 30m, 40m, or 50m or more. The containment structure 102 and / or the bioreactor 100 may be partially or completely mounted below ground. The containment structure 102 and / or the bioreactor 100 may be partially or completely mounted above ground to facilitate more efficient biomass harvesting. Two or more bioreactors 100 and / or arrays of bioreactors 100 may be mounted adjacent to each other to facilitate more efficient biomass harvesting and / or production. The containment structure 102 and / or the bioreactor 100 may be partially or completely submerged in water. The containment structure 102 and / or the bioreactor 100 may be periodically submerged in water at certain times of the day or during certain tidal events, partially or completely submerged in water. The light-emitting elements within the containment structure 102 may be arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal, vertical, and / or circumferential directions. The flow generators within the containment structure 102 may be spaced at equal intervals in the horizontal, vertical, and / or circumferential directions. The containment structure 102 may be formed from and / or include, but is not limited to, metal (e.g., steel), plastic, concrete, and / or soil materials.

[0040] By facilitating the flow of biomass in a downward spiral formation and / or flow path within the containment structure 102, the bioreactor 100 enables more accurate and efficient detection and / or measurement of biomass flow, volume, and / or yield over a given time or period. In some embodiments, including deep-sea environments, the bioreactor 100 may be positioned in a substantially horizontal orientation. In such orientation, one or more eductors may be used to move the biomass in a desired direction, which may or may not be assisted by a current flow. The bioreactor 100 may include at least one video sensor within the containment structure 102. The video sensor may be configured to measure one or more properties of the biomass as the biomass flows through the sensor's field of view. The video sensor may provide sensor data to enable, for example, the controller 118 to determine and / or detect biomass density, distribution, flow, foreign matter, and / or invasive species. In some configurations, the bioreactor 100 includes multiple video sensors positioned along the spiral flow path of biomass within the containment structure 102.

[0041] In various embodiments, the bioreactor 100 operates as a closed and / or onshore bioreactor. In other embodiments, the bioreactor 100 operates as a deep-sea and / or open bioreactor. Operating a onshore bioreactor offers numerous advantages, including improved climate control, control over the chemical properties of the liquid culture medium such as nutrient concentration, and cultivation of seaweed species tailored to higher-value markets. For example, environmental conditions (e.g., protein and / or sugar concentrations) can be adjusted to tailor seaweed products to specific applications such as human food, biofuels, animal feed, and packaged products. Operating an offshore and / or deep-sea bioreactor offers numerous advantages, among others, including increased production output, utilization of nutrient-rich deep waters, and more efficient cultivation.

[0042] Figure 2 includes a block diagram of a computer system 200 for performing computer functions such as the controller 118 in Figure 1. The exemplary computer system 200 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 202, memory 204, and an interconnect bus 206. The CPU 202 may include a single microprocessor or multiple microprocessors to configure the computer system 200 as a multiprocessor system. The memory 204 exemplary includes main memory and read-only memory. The computer 200 also includes a mass storage device 208 having, for example, various disk drives, tape drives, etc. The main memory 204 also includes dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and high-speed cache memory. During operation, the main memory 204 stores at least some of the instructions and data for execution by the CPU 202.

[0043] The high-capacity storage 208 may include one or more magnetic disks or tape drives or optical disk drives or solid-state memory for storing data and instructions used by the CPU 202. Preferably, at least one component of the high-capacity storage system 208, in the form of a disk drive, solid-state memory, or tape drive, stores a database used to process sensor data from the sensor array 116 and run an AI and / or ML engine and / or neural network for controlling the bioreactor 100 or 300. The AI ​​and / or ML engine may implement ANNs and / or deep learning architectures such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks, recurrent neural networks, and convolutional neural networks to dynamically adjust environmental conditions within the bioreactor 100 or 300. To achieve automatic control of bioreactors 100, 300, 508, 510, and / or 600, or bioreactor system 500, computer 200 transmits sensor control signals to various components 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, and 122 of bioreactors 100, 300, 508, 510, and / or 600, or system 500, to optimize algae and / or seaweed production within the bioreactors 100, 300, 508, 510, 600, or system 500, which may include opening, closing, turning on, turning off, adjusting flow rate, mixing rate, and / or adjusting the light intensity of the photoemitter. The mass storage system 208 includes one or more drives for various portable media such as floppy disks, flash drives, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM, DVD, CD-RW, and variations thereof), memory sticks, or integrated circuit non-volatile memory adapters (i.e., PC-MCIA adapters), and can also input and output data and code to and from the computer system 200.In some embodiments, the computer 200 and / or controller 118 may simultaneously control multiple bioreactors via a data network such as network 212. The controller 118 can coordinate the operation of the multiple bioreactors to optimize output generation and / or yield among them. Network 212 may include wireless, ad-hoc, and / or mobile networks supporting multiple computing server implementations in a cloud computing environment. Various environmental sensors and / or multiple bioreactors may be connected communicably via network 212, for example, as an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled system and / or device. In some implementations, network 212 may enable the computer 200 and / or controller 118 to coordinate the operation of multiple photobioreactors by using predictive analytics to process, for example, Global Positioning System (GPS) data and other big data, thereby coordinating the operation and control of multiple simultaneously operating bioreactors across a geographical area. In certain embodiments, the network 212 may, for example, enable the collection of GPS data from multiple bioreactors and use an ML program to improve security and / or performance for seaweed production on land or in the ocean.

[0044] The computer system 200 may also include one or more input / output interfaces for communication, shown as interface 210 and / or transceivers for data communication over network 212. The data interface 210 may be a modem, an Ethernet® card, or any other suitable data communication device. To provide functionality for computer 102, the data interface 210 may provide a relatively high-speed link to network 212, such as an intranet or the internet, either directly or via another external interface. The communication link to network 212 may be, for example, optical, wired, or wireless (e.g., via a satellite or cellular network). Alternatively, the computer system 200 may include a mainframe or other type of host computer system capable of web-based communication over network 212. The computer system 200 may include software for running network applications such as a web server and / or web client.

[0045] The computer system 200 may also include appropriate input / output ports that can interface with portable data storage devices, or it may use an interconnection bus 206 for interconnection with local displays 216 and keyboards 214, etc., which serve as local user interfaces for programming and / or data retrieval purposes. Displays 216 and / or 120 may include touchscreen capabilities to allow a user to interface with the system 200 by touching a portion of the surface of the display 216. Remote operators can interact with the system 200 from a remote terminal device via a network 212 to control and / or program the system.

[0046] The computer system 200 can run various application programs and store related data in the database of the mass storage system 208. One or more such applications may include a bioreactor controller 118 that controls various components of systems 100, 300, 500, or 600 during algae and / or seaweed cultivation and / or growth processes.

[0047] The components included in the computer system 200 may enable the computer system to be used as a server, workstation, personal computer, network terminal, mobile computing device, etc. As described above, the computer system 200 may include one or more applications that enable the cleaning and disinfection of the soles of one or more pairs of footwear. The system 200 may include software and / or hardware that implement a web server application. The web server application may include software such as HTML, XML, WML, SGML, PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), CGI, and similar languages.

[0048] The features described herein may be implemented as software components running within System 200, which includes UNIX® workstations, Windows® workstations, LINUX workstations, or other types of workstations. Other operating systems such as Windows®, MAC OS®, and LINUX® may be employed, but are not limited to these. In some embodiments, the software may be implemented as a computer program written in C, or, but is not limited to, JavaScript, Java, CSS, Python, PHP, Ruby, C++, C, Shell, C#, Objective-C, Go, R, TeX, VimL, ​​Perl, Scala, CoffeeScript, Emacs Lisp, Swift, Fortran, or Visual Basic. Certain script-based programs such as XML, WML, and PHP may be used. System 200 may utilize a digital signal processor (DSP).

[0049] As mentioned above, the mass storage 208 may include a database. The database may be any suitable database system, including a commercially available Microsoft Access database, and may be a local or distributed database system. The database system may implement Sybase and / or SQL Server. The database may be supported by any suitable persistent data memory, such as hard disk drives, RAID systems, tape drive systems, floppy disks, or any other suitable system. System 200 may include a database integrated with System 200, but in other implementations, it is understood that the database and mass storage 208 may be external elements.

[0050] In certain embodiments, system 200 may include an internet browser program and / or be configured to operate as a web server. In some configurations, the client and / or web server may be configured to recognize and interpret various network protocols that may be used by the client or server program. Commonly used protocols include, for example, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and Transport Layer Security (TLS). However, new protocols and revisions to existing protocols may be introduced frequently. Therefore, new revisions of server and / or client applications may be continuously developed and released to support new or revised protocols.

[0051] The computer system 200 may include a web server that runs Web 2.0 applications, etc. The web applications running on system 200 may use server-side dynamic content generation mechanisms such as Java servlets, CGI, PHP, or ASP, but are not limited to these. In one embodiment, mashed content may be generated by a web browser that runs client-side scripts, including, for example, JavaScript and / or applets, on a wireless device.

[0052] In certain embodiments, the system 200 and / or controller 118 may include applications employing asynchronous JavaScript+XML (Ajax) and similar techniques using asynchronous loading and content presentation techniques. These techniques may include, without limitation, XHTML and CSS for style presentation, Document Object Model (DOM) APIs exposed by web browsers, asynchronous data exchange of XML data, and web browser-side scripts, such as JavaScript. Certain web-based applications and services may utilize web protocols, including, without limitation, Service-Oriented Access Protocol (SOAP) and Representational State Transfer (REST). REST may utilize HTTP with XML.

[0053] System 200 can also provide enhanced security and data encryption. Enhanced security may include access control, biometric authentication, cryptographic authentication, message integrity checking, encryption, digital rights management services, and / or other similar security services. Security may include protocols such as IPSEC and IKE. Encryption may include, but is not limited to, DES, 3DES, AES, RSA, and any similar public-key or private-key based schemes.

[0054] Figure 3 shows a side view of a photobioreactor 300, which includes a recirculator and / or return system 304 within its containment structure 302. Figure 3 shows the photobioreactor 300 in a vertically aligned orientation, but the photobioreactor 300 may be aligned in other orientations, including, for example, a horizontal or substantially horizontal orientation. The containment structure 302 forms a cavity containing a liquid culture medium 310, such as seawater growth medium. The recirculator and / or medium return system 304 forms a channel within the containment structure 302, including an inlet adjacent to the bottom section 320 and an outlet adjacent to the upper section 318. The recirculator 304 includes a pump configured to continuously receive a portion of the liquid culture medium 310 through the inlet at the bottom 320 and output a portion of the liquid culture medium 310 through the outlet at the upper section 318. The recirculator 304 may be centrally located to contribute to a downward spiral flow path 306 of biomass and / or culture medium 310 within the containment structure 302. When the photobioreactor 300 and the containment structure 302 are aligned horizontally, the recirculation 304 returns the biomass to compartment 318, while one or more eductors may push a portion of the biomass along a spiral path toward compartment 320. When the photobioreactor 300 is oriented horizontally, section 318 may be referred to as the front section 318, and section 320 may be referred to as the rear section 320.

[0055] The bioreactor 300 also includes a helical liner 312 adjacent to the inner surface of the side wall 322 of the containment structure 302. The helical liner 312 at least partially allows a downward helical flow path 306 for seaweed from section 318 to section 320 of the containment structure 302. When the bioreactor 300 is oriented vertically, gravity and / or one or more flow generators may also assist in providing a downward helical flow of biomass and / or culture medium 310 within the containment structure 302. When the bioreactor 300 is oriented horizontally, ocean currents and / or one or more flow generators may assist in providing a forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward helical flow of biomass and / or culture medium 310 within the containment structure 302. The bioreactor 300 may also include a vortex separation and discharge funnel 314 configured to allow harvesting of seaweed biomass via an efflux inlet 316. The containment structure 302 may have a sealed section 318 configured to allow a gas layer 308 above the liquid culture medium 310. Although not shown in Figure 3, the bioreactor 300 may include one or more components as described with respect to the bioreactor 100 in Figure 1. For example, the bioreactor 300 may include an array of sensors, one or more light emitters, and / or a controller such as the controller 118 in Figure 1. The bioreactor 300 may be configured to operate as a land-based and / or closed system, or as a deep-sea, offshore, and / or open system in a body of water such as the ocean. When operating as a land-based or closed system, or as a deep-sea system, the bioreactor 300 may include, in addition to or instead of, a recirculator such as the recirculator 124 in Figure 1.

[0056] Figure 4 shows a top view 400 of the photobioreactor 300 of Figure 3 when the photobioreactor 300 is oriented vertically. Figure 4 also provides an inline or axial view of the photobioreactor 300 when the photobioreactor 300 is oriented horizontally. Figure 4 includes a silo containment structure 402, a helical liner fabric 406, multiple eductors 408, multiple ocean light emitters (e.g., LEDs) 410, a return column 412 of a recirculator 304, and an educator, electrical, and / or drainage conduit 414. Figure 4 shows a downward helical flow 404 between the return column 412 and the helical liner fabric 406. In certain embodiments, the flow generators (e.g., eductors 408) and / or photoemitters 410 are spaced equally or substantially equally in the horizontal, vertical, and / or circumferential directions. By arranging multiple light emitters along the vertical depth and / or horizontally at various depths, the vertical length of the bioreactor 100 or 300 can be substantially extended compared to conventional bioreactors that rely on natural sunlight. Conventional bioreactors are typically limited to a depth of about 2.5 m because the transmission of natural light through the culture medium via the top of the conventional bioreactor is restricted.

[0057] By arranging multiple light emitters at various depths and / or along the downward helical flow path 404 or 306 of the culture medium 310, the exposure of the culture medium 310 to the energy provided by the light is substantially enhanced, thereby increasing the biomass yield and / or consistency of the seaweed biomass product. This is another technical advantage of implementing the downward helical flow path 404 or 306 within the bioreactor 300 and / or 100. As described with respect to Figure 1, the eductors 408 and / or flow generators may be oriented downward toward the bottom 320, but they may also be oriented horizontally to facilitate the downward helical flow path 404 and 306. In some embodiments, the eductors 408 and / or flow generators are oriented and / or positioned to facilitate the medium flow 404 and / or 306 in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the helical liner 312. The eductor 408 may have a vertical orientation of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, or 45 degrees or less from the horizontal in a downward direction toward the bottom section 320 and / or the outflow inlet 316 or 120.

[0058] Figure 5 shows a deep-sea photobioreactor system 500 including multiple photobioreactors 508 and 510. Each deep-sea photoreactor 508 and 510 includes an offshore containment vessel for marine aquaculture. The system 500 includes a surface conduit 504, a stack 512, a stack housing 514, a photobioreactor and / or vessel 508, a photobioreactor and / or vessel 510, a sampling pipe 536, an intake conduit 530, a discharge conduit 532, and a mooring system 516. A photobioreactor such as photobioreactor 510 may include a forward housing and coupling 520, an adjustable intake or dumbwaiter 528, a cork-cut woven liner 522, and a rear housing and return system 526.

[0059] System 500 is positioned below the sea surface 502 at a typical minimum depth of at least 100 feet (approximately 30 meters). In some embodiments, the shallowest bioreactor 508 depths are at least 100 feet (approximately 30 meters), 60 feet (approximately 60 meters), 300 feet (approximately 90 meters), 500 feet (approximately 150 meters), 1000 feet (approximately 300 meters), 2000 feet (approximately 600 meters), and 5000 feet (approximately 150 meters). System 500 is generally located within more abundant and colder deep-sea masses. System 500 features a vertical stack 512 configuration, comprising a combined mooring section 516 and a conduit system including an inlet conduit 530 for water delivery and an outlet conduit 532 for harvested algae. Surface conduits 504 may enable electronic communication and / or material transport to and from the stack housing 514. The surface conduit 504 may be permanent or temporary.

[0060] One advantage of placing System 500 below the ocean surface 502 is that System 500 provides beneficial depth features that eliminate surface navigation and reduce the risk of wildlife interaction. It also reduces fouling because there is less life below the light zone and far less below the oceanic mixed layer. A key technical advantage of the deep-sea System 500 is its ability to create a quarantine zone, particularly in tropical waters where crops are adapted to very cold temperatures but surface waters can exceed 15 degrees Celsius (C). Deep-sea crops are far from any surface light and have negative buoyancy, so if they reach the surface, they would not be able to survive. Thus, System 500 produces biologically isolated, i.e., sequestered biomass. The use of non-natural species and genetically modified organism (GMO) strains poses far less risk in this context.

[0061] The vertical stack 512 of system 500 is fixed to the seabed 534 and connected to and / or includes a pair of large-diameter conduits, such as high-density polyethylene (HOPE) pipes, running between the seabed and the stack housing. One conduit 530 is for water supply, and the other conduit 532 is for harvested material to be transferred to either a seabed pipe 536 or a surface vessel. Stack 512 may include additional subconduits with electrical and data cables, and internal drones may be deployed to monitor system 500 and / or to deliver fluids (e.g., for decontamination, CO2-enhanced material, nutrients, probiotics) to clean and maintain both conduits 530 and 532 and the containment vessels of the photobioreactors 508 and 510.

[0062] The top of the stack 512 may include a stack housing or cap 514 with upper ends for two pipes 530 and 532. Located at the top of the entire system 500 and most accessible to the ground, the stack housing 514 may function as a pump house for moving water and / or material in the two pipes 530 and 532. The stack housing 514 may include a computing and / or communication center, e.g., a computer 200, a robot housing, and a parts and material warehouse. The stack cap or housing 514 may be connected to a surface buoy that provides a data uplink, enabling a surface vessel to position and dock the vertical stack 512 and / or system 500 and service the stack 512, e.g., by supplying parts and materials, maintenance / repair, planting, surface harvesting, etc. In some configurations, the stack 512 may be detached and transported to the ground for repair or replacement.

[0063] The mooring base 516 may also include a house pump, filtration, house components, and robots. The mooring base 516 may connect the collection pipe 532 to a subsea pipeline 536, and the subsea pipeline may be connected to a series of stacks and / or photobioreactor systems. Thus, multiple systems 500 may be connected to one or more subsea pipelines to enable collection from each system and transport of the consolidated material stream to endpoints which may be located onshore or offshore collection points. Two vertical conduits 530 and 532 have ports at regular intervals along the stack 512 and may supply seawater to the containment systems of the photobioreactors 508 and 510 or draw material (and water) from the containment systems. The intake conduit 530 may draw in external seawater in at least one of two ways: namely, by using pumping to draw in seawater through the intake port, or by passively absorbing seawater using microperforations in the conduit material itself, or by implementing a combination thereof. Filtration may be provided by a microperforated pipe and / or integrated into an active intake system. The microperforations of the pipe 530 may be spaced apart to have the ability to cover or block individual microperforated sections.

[0064] The depth of the active pump intake system may be adjustable by having multiple intake ports along the length of the intake conduit 530 and / or by covering or opening microperforated portions of the conduit 530. The intake depth adjustment function allows the system 500 to draw the correct mixed water from the correct depth to ensure optimal water temperature, nutrient levels, and / or general intake quality. For example, water may be drawn from a deeper depth to obtain colder water and from a shallower depth to obtain warmer water. The pumps in the stack housing 514, the intake pipe 530, and the mooring system 516 may be cooperatively controlled via a controller such as a computer 200 to ensure proper mixing and distribution of the water in the intake pipe 530 and supply it to the containment vessels 508 and 510.

[0065] In some embodiments, system 500 may be compatible with an ocean heat exchange system, which is essentially similar to two intake / extraction conduits, except that two pipes are directly looped together to generate a continuous flow. An ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system may be added to system 500 to provide electricity to system 500 by using the temperature difference between deep sea and surface water (especially tropical water). This difference is also useful in regulating the water temperature in intake pipe 530, i.e., taking water containing ideal nutrients at a certain depth and / or temperature and flowing it to another depth to cool or heat it to an optimal temperature within intake pipe 530.

[0066] The photoreactor containment vessels of photobioreactors 508 and 510 may have a cylindrical length fabric designed to host an ongoing cultivation of biomass with continuous harvesting. In some embodiments, they are made of a low-cost, highly durable material that retains the biomass and seawater delivered from the intake conduit 530 and shuts out external seawater and organisms. The vessel of the photobioreactor 508 or 510 may include a loop through which nutrient-rich intake water is delivered internally, passes through the biomass, and used water is discharged along with the harvested material via the conduit 532.

[0067] The containment vessel may consist of only one pair of parallel containment lengths, or it may be grouped as multiple parallel containment sections, the grouping being either paired or having one interconnecting piece running back and forth in a “gut” configuration. Each photoreactor 508 and 510 containment vessel may have an intake seawater delivery system with a pump at the inlet point, where the intake seawater delivery system is connected to a conduit and piped into the vessel through a series of pressurized flow generators or educator nozzles throughout the vessel to maintain an optimal distribution of biomass for each organism to have maximum access to both light and seawater, in addition to a unidirectional overall flow of biomass. The intake port connecting the containment vessel to the intake conduit may be used primarily for filling the vessel (e.g., after installation) or for flushing, while the dispersed water delivery system piped along the inside of the system supplies aquaculture. The piping runs along the bottom of each containment vessel, through which the flow energy of the eductors acts to push the biomass upward (as they have negative buoyancy) and forward in a uniformly distributed course in one direction through the photobioreactor, when the vessels of the photobioreactors 508 and 510 are operated under positive pressure.

[0068] The uniform and unidirectional flow of biomass allows the material to be fully gated with highly accurate data and precise physical control throughout, through a series of monitoring systems (e.g., optical sensors) and growth conditions, such as a photoperiodic regime. The flow generator and / or eductors can be dynamically adjusted via a controller such as computer 200 to control the biomass rate, distribution, and nutrient levels, because both eductors deliver physical force along with the intake of seawater. Temperature can also be controlled and / or influenced by the intake water.

[0069] Each vessel of the photobioreactors 508 and 510 has a harvesting port adjacent to the intake port, which connects as an outlet to the harvesting conduit 532. Sensors identify approaching biomass, and a controller dynamically adjusts the water flow and pressure to select material for harvesting the conduit 532. The controller can control system functions to separate less viable biomass for harvesting, while returning the healthiest and most robust material to the loop within the bioreactor 508 or 510 vessel. Sensors, via optics, mass spectrometry, sonar, etc., detect the size of individual pieces, their chemical characteristics, their density, the presence of other organisms, etc., to determine which are viable and which should be harvested, while continuously adjusting the pump flow between the approaching set of eductors and the harvesting pump to sort or "kick" the desired material into the harvesting pipe 532, including purging any alien organisms and material. In some embodiments, density is a critical factor in separating the harvested material, thereby allowing cyclone forces to "centrifugally" separate lighter material from heavier material. This can be an ongoing gene selection program, where genomes best suited to the conditions are maintained during cultivation, while those that are not are harvested. The harvest selection mechanism and approach have the potential to facilitate the evolution of improved strains, which can be sampled and harvested for general seed production purposes. Successful biomass can be seeded in another container 508 within stack 512, or transplanted from one container 510 to supplement it.

[0070] Using harvesting and / or return mechanisms within the conduit 532 and / or size reducers (e.g., blenders) within the forward housing and coupling 520, the optimal size of biomass particles in either the returned biomass or the harvested material can be ensured. For returned biomass, smaller fragments tend to grow faster and be better distributed. In harvested material, smaller particles are pumped faster and at a higher density. In both cases, uniformity of size is also very useful. Furthermore, by "seive-ing" the outgoing harvested material, the contents can be dehydrated to increase and / or adjust the specific gravity of the biomass 524 entering the harvesting conduit 532 to a specific level.

[0071] The interior of container 508 or 510 may be white for maximum reflectivity purposes, and lighting is distributed to supply energy for photosynthesis to the biomass 524. The use of waterproof LEDs with adjustable intensity and spectrum allows for fine control of photosynthetic activity, which is done automatically by AI / ML in combination with sensors and monitoring equipment via a controller such as computer 200. Growth can be increased or decreased in this solution by a controller that dynamically adjusts the light intensity, photoperiod, and / or spectrum. The internal structure of container 508 or 510 features a woven helix used to surround and optimally distribute the biomass 524 along its unidirectional course, keeping it exposed to optimal light, i.e., ensuring that any given fragment or portion of the biomass 524 does not stray too far from the access light for too long. By increasing the surface area with a material that also helps organize and orient the biomass 524, this creates space for additional lighting fixtures that better penetrate the center of container 508 or 510.

[0072] The exterior of containers 508 or 510 may be black to minimize light and the attraction of organisms that may contaminate or otherwise interfere with system 500. Robots can assist in the operation of system 500 and work internally within conduits such as conduits 530 and 532, as well as within container storages such as containers 508 and 510, and externally with system 500. They may be able to be charged, for example, using acoustics or other short-range radio protocols, via magnetic radio charging points and / or strips and data links throughout system 500. External robots may include a “smart waiter” 516 that can travel up and down the length of conduits 530 and 532, on a track or by other means, having the ability to clean and maintain system 500, for example, having an arm / tool. Storage containers 508 and 510 may include external tracks or rails for robots to inspect and maintain them.

[0073] In some embodiments, the photoreactor system 500 includes an automated system having a controller that runs on an upgradeable AI / ML computing application and can operate autonomously and with always-on satellite data connectivity. The fleet of stacks 512 may operate as a networked fleet via the controller and / or software. This system learns and improves in real time, as well as providing insights for future hardware improvements. Electrical energy may be delivered to the outside of the system 500, for example, via offshore wind or grid connectivity, or integrated via current or OTEC systems to provide its own energy supply, either as part of each stack 512 or via a centralized power supply within the fleet of stacks 512.

[0074] The conduits 530 or 532 and the segments of the containment vessels 508 or 510 can be standardized, i.e., their format and size can be determined to accommodate the most efficient delivery and installation of hardware packaging, for example, for rail and / or shipping. Each conduit may include a series of pipe sections that can be connected during installation, and each section can be removed and replaced as needed. Each containment vessel 508 or 510 has potential applications not only for algae but also for the rearing and production of fauna, such as fish, shrimp, and crustaceans. Although not photosynthetic, these organisms can benefit from specific lighting characteristics. As a multi-trophic aquaculture platform, the individual containment vessels 508 and 510 may contain different species, and the algal effluent may be rerouted to fauna vessels to provide water with a higher pH for improved rearing conditions for crustaceans, for example. Fauna waste can also be sent to aquaculture as chemical fertilizer for wastewater purification.

[0075] In some embodiments, the photoreactor system 500 includes a solar system located on top of a water column and / or stack 512 floating on the surface 502 to collect sunlight for algal photosynthesis. The system 500 may still include artificial lighting as an improvement. The system 500 may include a water transport system, e.g., a pump and conduits, which has the ability to draw cooler and more nutrient-rich water from a determined depth to support optimal yields.

[0076] Figure 6 is a top view of a photobioreactor 600, such as the photobioreactor 508 or 510 of Figure 5. The photobioreactor 600 comprises a containment vessel 610, a harvest outlet and / or pipe 602, a seawater intake and / or pipe 604, and a plurality of flow generators and / or eductors 606. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the photobioreactor 600 is arranged to provide a unidirectional flow path 608 of seawater and biomass through the vessel 610. The plurality of flow generators 606 are spaced along the wall of the vessel 610 and oriented to allow biomass to flow along the path 608 from the intake 604 to the harvest outlet 602. The embodiment in Figure 6 includes at least two parallel columns providing the flow path 608 through the vessel 610. In some embodiments, more than two columns and / or channels may be used. In alternative embodiments, the photobioreactor 600 and / or vessel 610 may be configured to provide a biomass flow such as in systems 100 and 300. In the configuration shown in Figure 6, various components as described with respect to systems 100 and 300 may be implemented within the photobioreactor 600, for example, including the use of multiple photoemitters / sources and flow generators.

[0077] Figure 7 shows a photobioreactor system 700, which includes a neutrally floating photobioreactor 702 having a photobioreactor intake 706, a hydraulic turbine 714, and a screened outlet port 712. The system 700 includes an omnidirectional anchor 708, an intake 704 for nutrient-rich seawater, and a surface buoy 710. The turbine 714 is positioned to rotate in response to the flow of seawater across its turbine blades, and the turbine blades generate electrical energy that can be used to rotate a generator coil to power any power-requiring components, for example, a controller in the photobioreactor 702, one or more conduit pumps, one or more flow generators, and / or photoemitters. The surface buoy 710 may provide depth control for the system 700 and / or the photobioreactor 702. The photobioreactor 702 may include buoyancy material to enable neutral buoyancy and / or fixed floating in water. During operation, nutrient-rich seawater is received by the photobioreactor 702 through intakes 704 and 706. The photobioreactor 702 may include a unidirectional channel extending from a forward region adjacent to the intake 706 toward a rear region adjacent to a shielded outlet port 712. A screen at the screen outlet port 712 may provide a filtering function to allow harvesting only biomass of a selected size.

[0078] Figure 8 shows the seaweed cultivation process 800 related to the operation of the photobioreactors 508 and 510 in Figure 5. Process 800 includes the steps of: extending a vertical stack between the ocean surface and the ocean floor, the vertical stack including an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit (step 802); transporting at least seawater through the inlet conduit (step 804); transporting at least biomass through the outlet conduit (step 806); connecting a first photobioreactor at a first location along the vertical stack below the ocean surface, the first photobioreactor being in fluid communication with the inlet conduit and the outlet conduit (step 808); culturing biomass using the first photobioreactor (step 810); fixing the vertical stack to the ocean floor via a mooring system (step 812); receiving biomass from the outlet conduit in the mooring system (step 814); and producing the biomass in a harvest pipeline (step 816). The main purpose of the deep-sea photoreactor is to mass-produce various algae in a deep water column. This includes systems designed to operate on a very large scale, with the advantages of controlled, ultra-intensive containment cultivation in offshore environments. Its applications include food, material, and energy markets, as well as the supply of solid carbon sources (sCS). Below a certain depth in the ocean, there are dramatic changes in temperature and chemical properties. Generally, below 100-300 feet (approximately 30-90 meters) in the world's oceans, there exists a mixed layer where two chemically and physically distinct volumes of water interact. The deep-sea portion, in much of the world's oceans, is a very large mass. It contains some of the key elements of algal growth: nutrients and extremely consistent temperature. In fact, the deep-sea mass contains virtually unlimited amounts of nutrients to which algae have already adapted, but at high concentrations. The temperature range varies within a narrow range of 2-6°C. The infinitely available fertilizer and perfectly stable growing temperature make the deep sea ideal for this innovation.

[0079] The components lacking at offshore depths are light. When photosynthetic organisms form, algae can only survive down to a certain depth. By using artificial light assistance to drive algal growth, deep-sea photobioreactors allow access to another excellent condition in the deep sea. Below the surface, the deep sea region accounts for 90% of the Earth's habitable space. It is also, in particular, the smallest biological space on Earth. It can harbor life, but virtually not compared to surface and terrestrial habitats. It holds virtually unlimited potential raw materials for photosynthesis, including very high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and a diverse range of micronutrients at high densities.

[0080] This application also describes exemplary deep-sea and / or offshore photobioreactor systems, methods, and devices for more effective and efficient cultivation of algae and / or seaweed by configuring the bioreactor to optimally stimulate biomass production and / or yield in deep-sea and / or offshore environments. In various embodiments, the deep-sea photobioreactor includes an offshore containment vessel for marine aquaculture. The photobioreactor is located well below the sea surface at a typical maximum depth of at least 100 feet (about 30 meters), and is generally located within more abundant and colder deep-sea masses. The deep-water photobioreactor features a vertical stack configuration consisting of a combined mooring and conduit system for water delivery and harvested algae.

[0081] Deep-sea photobioreactor systems may include a unique array of flow generators and / or photoemitters within the photobioreactor. Cultivation optimization can be enhanced by using sensors to monitor environmental conditions, providing sensor data to a photobioreactor controller using artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML) to process the sensor data while dynamically adjusting the operation of various deep-sea photobioreactor components, thereby regulating one or more environmental conditions within the photobioreactor, and thereby optimizing biomass quality and / or yield, or seaweed characteristics for a target application. There is a growing need for large-scale global seaweed production, particularly focused on sustainable proteins and carbon-neutral energy, to meet the needs of a climate-challenged world. The efficiency and related technologies of this application are needed to address the needs of the growing population. A new type of deep-sea photobioreactor is proposed to address these unique market challenges.

[0082] In one embodiment, a deep-sea photobioreactor system includes a vertical stack extending between the ocean surface and the ocean floor. The vertical stack includes an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit, the inlet conduit being configured to transport at least seawater and the outlet conduit being configured to transport at least biomass. The system includes a first photobioreactor that is in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet conduits and is connected to the vertical stack via the inlet and outlet conduits at a first location along the vertical stack below the ocean surface. The first bioreactor is configured to cultivate biomass. The system also includes a mooring system configured to anchor the vertical stack to the seabed and to receive biomass via the outlet conduit and output the biomass to a harvesting pipeline. The system may include a second photobioreactor or a higher photobioreactor connected to the vertical stack and spaced apart from the first photobioreactor.

[0083] In one embodiment, the first photobioreactor is located at least 100 feet (about 30 meters) below sea level. The vertical stack may include a stack housing positioned on top of the vertical stack. The stack housing may house or contain at least one pump arranged to move seawater and / or biomass through inlet and outlet conduits. The first photobioreactor may be oriented horizontally. The first photobioreactor may include a vessel configured to provide a unidirectional flow of biomass through the first bioreactor. The first photobioreactor may include a plurality of flow generators oriented to facilitate a unidirectional flow of biomass through the vessel. Alternatively, the first photobioreactor may include a plurality of flow generators oriented to facilitate a flow of biomass from the front region to the rear region of the vessel, and a central return system for facilitating a flow of biomass from the rear region to the front region.

[0084] The first photobioreactor may include multiple light emitters or light sources arranged along a unidirectional flow path. The system may include a hydraulic turbine configured to rotate in response to the water flow and further generate electrical energy to power at least one pump and / or multiple light emitters or light sources. The multiple light sources or emitters may include multiple LEDs.

[0085] In another embodiment, a method for cultivating biomass using a deep-sea photobioreactor system includes extending a vertical stack between the ocean surface and the ocean floor, the vertical stack including an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit; transporting at least seawater through the inlet conduit and transporting at least biomass through the outlet conduit; connecting a first photobioreactor at a first location along the vertical stack below the ocean surface, the first photobioreactor being in fluid communication with the inlet conduit and the outlet conduit; cultivating biomass using the first photobioreactor; fixing the vertical stack to the ocean floor via a mooring system; receiving biomass from the outlet conduit in the mooring system; and producing the biomass into a harvest pipeline.

[0086] In a further embodiment, the deep-sea photobioreactor system includes a vertical stack extending between the ocean surface and the ocean floor, the vertical stack including an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit. The inlet conduit is configured to transport at least seawater. The outlet conduit is arranged to transport at least biomass. The system also includes a first photobioreactor in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet conduits. The first bioreactor is connected to the vertical stack via the inlet and outlet conduits at a first location along the vertical stack below the ocean surface. The first bioreactor is configured to cultivate biomass. The first photobioreactor includes at least one sensor configured to generate sensor data based on at least one detected environmental condition. The system includes a mooring system configured to anchor the vertical stack to the seabed. The mooring system is also arranged to receive biomass via the outlet conduit and output the biomass to a harvesting pipeline. The system further includes a controller, which is arranged to receive sensor data and adjust environmental conditions by opening, closing, turning on, turning off, adjusting the flow rate, adjusting the mixing ratio, and / or adjusting the light intensity of at least one of the components of the first photobioreactor.

[0087] Figure 9 shows a deep-sea storage system 900, which includes a storage platform 902 for storing cultured and / or harvested algae or seaweed biomass. The platform 902 includes a storage container 902 configured to store the biomass. The platform 902 also includes a ballast control system 904, which may include one or more ballast tanks that can be used to adjust the depth of the platform 902 in the ocean 910 by filling or emptying seawater from the tanks. The system 900 includes a tether or anchor chain 916 fixed to the seabed 908 via an anchor 914. The platform 902 is coupled to the tether 916 via a coupler 918. The tether 916 is also coupled to a buoy 920 at or near the sea surface 924. The buoy 922 may include a communication interface 922 which may include one or more antennas and / or radio transceivers. The buoy 922 may include an electronic control system and / or communication system that allows the control system to control operations related to the platform 902. The control system may also be capable of communicating electronically via a communication system using wireless communication with remote data and / or control servers and / or sites to enable the exchange of data and / or the reception of control commands.

[0088] Platform 902 is positioned at a depth in the ocean 910 below the photic zone 912, which may be the mesopelagic, bathylate, apocalyptic, and / or ultra-deep oceanic zones. At such extreme depths, biomass can be advantageously stored to preserve its biomass properties and / or to facilitate certain chemical processes. The stored biomass can then be recovered for later use.

[0089] The containment vessel 906 may include biodegradable materials such as plastic, nylon, and / or polymer-based materials. For example, the containment vessel 906 may include one or more nylon bags. The containment vessel 906 may also be configured as one or more reusable socks. In some embodiments, the containment vessel 906 includes at least one opening to the surrounding ocean 910. In various embodiments, the walls of the containment vessel 906 include a permeable mesh or other configuration that allows seawater to pass through but prevents leakage of the biomass stored in the containment vessel 906. In other embodiments, the containment vessel 906 includes a pressure vessel capable of withstanding extreme pressure at extreme depths. The pressure vessel may include steel, carbon steel, titanium, and / or steel alloys, among other pressure-resistant materials.

[0090] The controller of system 900 can automatically control the operation of system 900, including operations related to the containment vessel 902. The controller may utilize AI to facilitate the automatic control of operations, as described above.

[0091] Figure 10 shows another deep-sea biomass storage system 1000, which includes a containment vessel 1002 and a photobioreactor 1004. System 1000 may include at least one conduit for delivering or extracting algal and / or seaweed biomass to / from the storage containment vessel 1002. In the exemplary system 1000, conduit 1006 is configured to deliver biomass from the photobioreactor 1004 to the containment vessel 1002. However, in other embodiments, conduit 1006 may deliver biomass from land, surface vessels, rigs, docks, surface platforms, seaweed farms near the surface 1016 of the ocean 1012, and / or any other biomass source.

[0092] Similar to platform 902, the containment vessel 1002 is located below the optics layer 1014. The containment vessel 1002 is coupled to the tether 1022 via coupler 1024. The photobioreactor 1004 may be coupled to the tether 1022 or another tether via coupler 1026. The tether 1022 is anchored to the seabed 1018 via anchor 1020. The buoy 1028 is coupled to the tether 1022 at or near the sea surface 1016. In some embodiments, conduit 1006 may be configured to deliver biomass to the containment vessel 1002 and / or to receive stored biomass from the containment vessel 1002. In some embodiments, conduit 1008 may be configured to receive stored biomass from the containment vessel 1002 and deliver the biomass to the floating platform 1010, which may be a rig, surface vessel, dock, or other floating platform.

[0093] Buoy 1028 or other components of System 1000 may include a controller and / or communication system, as described with respect to System 900. The controller or control system may be configured to control operations associated with System 1000, including controlling the delivery and retrieval of stored biomass to and from the containment vessel 1002. The controller may automatically control the operations of System 1000, including operations related to the containment vessel 1002 and / or the photobioreactor 1004. The controller may utilize AI to facilitate the automatic control of operations, as described above herein.

[0094] Elements or steps of different embodiments described herein may be combined to form other embodiments not specifically described previously. Elements or steps may be excluded from the aforementioned systems or processes without generally adversely affecting their operation or the operation of the system. Furthermore, various distinct elements or steps may be combined into one or more individual elements or steps to perform the functions described herein.

[0095] Other implementations not specifically described herein are also within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A deep-sea biomass storage system, A tether extending from the seabed and fixed to the seabed via an anchor; A containment vessel coupled to the tether at a depth greater than the photic zone of the ocean and configured to receive, store, and discharge biomass; and A controller configured to control the operations related to the delivery, storage, and output of the biomass; A system that includes this.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the containment vessel includes a ballast control system configured to allow adjustment of the depth of the containment vessel.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to electrically communicate with the ballast control system, and the controller is configured to control the operation of the ballast control system to adjust the depth of the containment vessel.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to control the operation of the ballast control system to raise or lower the storage system.

5. The system according to claim 1, comprising at least one conduit configured to perform at least one of delivering biomass to the containment vessel and receiving biomass from the containment vessel.

6. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a buoy coupled to the tether and configured to float on the surface of the ocean.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the controller is located inside the housing of the buoy.

8. The system according to claim 1, comprising at least one sensor configured to monitor one or more environmental factors related to the biomass.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to receive data from the at least one sensor and, in response, control at least one of the one or more environmental factors.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the storage container is configured to operate as a photobioreactor at a first depth and as a biomass storage container at a second depth.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the first depth is within the luminous layer and the second depth is below the luminous layer.

12. An ocean control system for the flooding, monitoring, and retrieval of seaweed. An underwater platform configured to support seaweed cultures; A controller that regulates the immersion and re-floating of the seaweed culture; and Multiple sensors configured to monitor environmental factors affecting the growth and health of the seaweed culture; A buoy including a communication hub that communicates with the controller, wherein the communication hub includes a wireless transceiver that enables at least one of remote monitoring and control of the system; and At least one actuator configured to enable the platform to be submerged and to re-float; A system that includes this.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of sensors monitor at least one of temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and other environmental factors affecting the growth and health of the seaweed culture.

14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the communication hub includes a satellite transceiver that enables communication with a land-based control center.

15. The system according to claim 12, wherein the control unit ensures the safety of the system by monitoring the position, stability, and buoyancy of the platform.

16. The system according to claim 12, wherein one or more actuators include ballast tanks that can be at least partially filled with seawater to sink the platform or at least partially emptied to re-float the platform.

17. The system according to claim 12, wherein the platform includes a pressure-resistant storage container configured to contain the seaweed culture.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein the pressure vessel is configured to withstand the pressure exerted by the surrounding water at a depth below the photic zone of the ocean.

19. The system according to claim 12, wherein the controller is located within the housing of the buoy.

20. A method for controlling and monitoring seaweed cultivation using the marine control system described in claim 1, Using at least one sensor, monitor the environmental factors affecting the growth and health of the seaweed culture, and To control the submersion and re-floating of seaweed cultures, Methods that include...

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