Onboard carbon dioxide capture system and method of use

Abstract

Many embodiments relate to reactors and methods for reducing marine exhaust pollution emissions. Many such embodiments relate to reactors that perform accelerated water leaching (AWL) of limestone for carbon dioxide sequestration. Certain embodiments relate to SO x While it can also be used to mitigate the high acidity of scrubber wastewater, some embodiments address both challenges (i.e., seawater acidification and carbon dioxide pollution). Many embodiments are implemented on cargo ships (e.g., container ships and / or bulk carriers) and use seawater. Certain embodiments involve one or more SO x The wastewater from the scrubber can be used as a seawater source to decarbonize and / or neutralize the water before it is safely and permanently stored in the ocean.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications This application claims priority under U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 497,890, filed on 24 April 2023 under Section 119 of the U.S. Patent Act, and the disclosure of the Provisional Application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Field of Invention This disclosure relates to a method for carbon dioxide sequestration, more specifically, a method for sequestrating carbon dioxide and / or SO2. x This applies to shipborne reactors capable of deoxidizing scrubber wastewater. [Background technology]

[0003] Background of the Invention Carbon dioxide (CO2) makes up about 0.04% (400 parts per million) of the atmosphere. Despite its relatively low overall concentration, CO2 is a powerful greenhouse gas that plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's surface temperature. Currently, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are occurring at a faster rate than CO2 is being consumed and / or stored, resulting in an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This has led to growing concern about the potential for significant environmental challenges arising from rising CO2 levels in the Earth's atmosphere, and increased interest in developing methods to store the removed CO2, as well as methods to prevent its future release into the atmosphere. This capture and storage process is collectively known as CO2 sequestration. The shipping industry is crucial to the health of global trade and the economy. Vessels such as container ships and bulk carriers contribute to global carbon and sulfur emissions. Accordingly, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has designated sulfur oxides (SO4) as a major contributor to global carbon and sulfur emissions. x The government has set a target to reduce SO emissions by one-seventh. This target will require ship operators to reduce SO emissions from ships. x Two options are presented: installing a scrubber or switching to low-sulfur fuel. In particular, typical seawater SO2 xThe scrubber functions by taking in flue gas from the ship's exhaust stack and passing it through, for example, a mist of aerosolized seawater pumped up from a sea chest during navigation (e.g., as described in Sasaki et al., Practical Design of Marine SO x Scrubber for Mega-Container Ships, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Rev. vol. 56, no. 3, (Sept. 2019), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). For this reason, SO x from the exhaust gas easily dissolves in seawater and is quickly oxidized to sulfuric acid. Next, the bicarbonate ions in seawater (i.e., the alkaline component) are titrated against the protons generated by converting SO x to sulfuric acid, and thus, SO x During the entire scrubbing process, sulfate ions and CO2 are generated. However, not all of the protons in the scrubbing process are absorbed by the alkaline component of the seawater, and the pH of the scrubber drain water may be as low as about pH 2-3. Therefore, SO x The scrubber does indeed reduce SO x emissions, but it also acidifies its wastewater and contributes to CO2 emissions. Therefore, there is a great urgent need for pollution reduction solutions that reduce carbon dioxide emissions while alleviating the acidification of water resources.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0004]

Non-Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

[0005] Summary of the Invention Various embodiments include CO2 and SO2. x In ships that generate emissions, the AWL process is performed using SO x A reactor for integration with a scrubbing process, At least one chamber filled with a reaction medium, The water inlet of the adsorbent tower is in fluid communication with the aqueous wastewater outlet, The gas outlet of the adsorbent tower and the gas inlet, which is in fluid communication with it, AWL drain outlet, Any number of pumps, control devices, and safety valves necessary to move seawater and gas through the reactor at the desired speed. This includes reactors.

[0006] In various such embodiments, the adsorbent tower is SO x It's a scrubber.

[0007] In further various such embodiments, at least one chamber is filled with a reaction medium in a manner selected from the group consisting of a fluidized bed, a packed bed, and any combination thereof.

[0008] In further various embodiments, the reaction medium includes materials or reagents selected from the group consisting of CaO and its aragonite, calcite and vaterite forms, dolomite, and carbonates containing Na2CO3, NaHCO3, silicates containing MgSiO3, olivine, pyroxene, and mafic rocks, other materials capable of sequestrating CO2, and any combination thereof.

[0009] In various other embodiments, the reaction medium is CaCO3.

[0010] In various such embodiments, the reaction medium is a particulate solid.

[0011] In various such embodiments, the reactor includes a plurality of chambers filled with a reaction medium.

[0012] In various other such embodiments, the reactor includes multiple chambers, which are connected in series.

[0013] In various other such embodiments, multiple chambers are connected in parallel.

[0014] Furthermore, various other embodiments involve CO2 and SO2 generated by ships. x A method for reducing emission pollution, At least one chamber filled with a reaction medium, SO installed on a ship x The scrubber has a water-based drain outlet and a water inlet that is in fluid communication with it, SO x The scrubber's gas outlet and the gas inlet, which are in fluid communication, AWL drain outlet, Any number of pumps, control devices, and safety valves necessary to move seawater and gas through the AWL reactor at the desired speed. This includes installing an AWL reactor mounted on a ship, Seawater and SO2 from the aqueduct outlet x The gas from the scrubber's exhaust outlet is fed into the AWL reactor. This aims to mitigate the acidity of seawater discharged from aqueous wastewater outlets while also safely storing carbon dioxide generated by ships in the ocean. This applies to methods that include [specific methods].

[0015] In various such embodiments, at least one chamber is filled with a reaction medium in a manner selected from the group consisting of a fluidized bed, a packed bed, and any combination thereof.

[0016] In further various such embodiments, the reaction medium includes a material or reagent selected from the group consisting of CaO and its aragonite, calcite and vaterite forms, dolomite, and carbonates containing Na2CO3, NaHCO3, silicates containing MgSiO3, olivine, pyroxene, and mafic rocks, another material capable of sequestrating CO2, and any combination thereof.

[0017] In various further embodiments, the reaction medium is CaCO3.

[0018] In various other embodiments, the reaction medium is a particulate solid.

[0019] In further various such embodiments, the AWL reactor includes a plurality of chambers filled with a reaction medium.

[0020] In various such embodiments, multiple chambers are connected in series.

[0021] In various other such embodiments, multiple chambers are connected in parallel.

[0022] Additional embodiments and features are described in part in the following specification, some of which may become apparent to those skilled in the art by examining this specification or by practicing the disclosed subject matter. Further understanding of the nature and merits of this disclosure may be achieved by referring to the remainder of this specification and the drawings that form part of this disclosure.

[0023] Brief explanation of the drawing These features and advantages of the present invention, as well as other features and advantages, will be better understood by referring to the following detailed description, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying data and drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0024] [Figure 1A]Figures 1A and 1B schematically illustrate an example of a basic AWL reactor design according to an embodiment of this application. [Figure 1B] Same as above.

[0025] [Figure 2A] Figures 2A and 2B schematically illustrate a multi-stage AWL reactor design according to an embodiment of this application. [Figure 2B] Same as above.

[0026] [Figure 3] Figure 3 provides an example model data plot showing the pH values ​​of wastewater exiting the first and second chambers of the AWL reactor as a function of the flow rates of seawater and flue gas, according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] [Figure 4] Figure 4 provides example model data illustrating the advantages of splitting a water flow into two flows according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] [Figure 5] Figure 5 provides illustrative model data of the overall performance of the AWL reactor when connected to the drainage of a SOx scrubber, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] [Figure 6A] Figure 6A provides data showing the amount of CO2 stored as a function of the volume required for shipboard installation for various seawater flows that do not pass through the SOx scrubber, while Figure 6B shows the same range of seawater flows using the nonlinear response of CO2 sequestration to seawater flow rate, in accordance with the embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6B] Same as above. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0030] Detailed disclosure The embodiments of the present invention described herein are not intended to be exhaustive, nor are they intended to limit the invention to the exact forms disclosed. Rather, the embodiments selected for illustrative purposes are chosen to enable those skilled in the art to carry out the invention.

[0031] Returning to the figures, schemes, and data, embodiments of reactor systems and methods for capturing carbon dioxide emitted by ships and permanently storing the carbon dioxide in the ocean are provided. Many such embodiments involve reactors that perform accelerated weathering (AWL) of limestone to sequestrate carbon. Certain embodiments involve the SO2 of a ship. x While it can also be used to mitigate the acidity of scrubber wastewater, some embodiments address both challenges (i.e., water acidification and carbon dioxide pollution). Many embodiments are implemented on cargo ships (e.g., container ships and / or bulk carriers) and use seawater. Certain embodiments involve one or more SO x The wastewater from the scrubber can be used as a seawater source to decarbonize and / or neutralize the water before it is safely disposed of into the surrounding water.

[0032] Conventional AWL processes / reactors take in CO2 gas and react it with CaCO3 (commonly known as limestone) in water (often seawater) according to the most common reaction equation. CO2 + H2O + CaCO3 → Ca 2+ +2(HCO3 - ) This would result in the safe and permanent storage of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean as bicarbonate ions. This is a natural buffering process that regulates the Earth's CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and is sometimes called "carbonate compensation." However, this process is constrained by two rate-limiting steps: CO2 gas adsorption and the dissolution of solid limestone. More specifically, since the AWL process usually relies on an excess supply of CO2 compared to the ambient air (i.e., a CO2 gas partial pressure (pCO2) higher than the ambient CO2 level), the adsorption of CO2 gas by the reaction medium (e.g., limestone) in the AWL reactor is often faster than the dissolution of solids in the reactor's reaction medium, resulting in an incomplete titration of the incoming CO2.

[0033] This application concerns CO2 and SO2. x In ships that generate emissions, the AWL process is performed using SO x To integrate with the scrubbing process, for example, SO x This invention relates to embodiments of reactors and methods for mitigating the acidity of aqueous wastewater from scrubbing processes while also safely storing carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gases in the ocean. More specifically, in many embodiments, ship SO2 x The aqueous (e.g., seawater-based) wastewater from the scrubber can be the same SO2 as needed. x The scrubber gas emissions (which still contain some of the ship's exhaust CO2 that potentially did not dissolve in the aqueous wastewater) are supplied to the AWL reactor, where SO x The aqueous wastewater and gaseous discharge from the scrubber come into contact with the AWL reaction medium, such as limestone, which is placed inside the chamber of the AWL reactor. Therefore, in many embodiments, upon contact with the AWL reaction medium, SO4 is released. x Both sulfate protons from the scrubber's aqueous wastewater and CO2 from the ship's flue gas react with the reaction medium to form bicarbonate ions (HCO3) in solution. - ) is generated and released into the water surrounding the vessel for safe and permanent storage of CO2 in the ocean. In some embodiments, SO x Scrubber, SO xIt is any adsorbent tower that functions similarly to a scrubber—that is, it takes in exhaust gases from a ship's exhaust, passes them through a mist of aerosolized seawater to absorb the CO2-containing exhaust gases into the seawater, and supplies them to the AWL reactor of the embodiment.

[0034] Figures 1A and 1B provide examples of the most basic AWL reactors of many embodiments. To achieve this objective, in many embodiments, the AWL reactor comprises at least one chamber filled with an AWL reaction medium (e.g., limestone) and SO2. x A water inlet that is in fluid communication with the aqueous wastewater outlet of a scrubber (Figure 1A) or another adsorbent tower (Figure 1B), and SO x The system includes a gas inlet (Figure 1A) in fluid communication with the scrubber's gas discharge, an AWL discharge outlet, and any number of pumps, control devices, and safety valves necessary to move seawater and gas through the reactor at a desired rate. In many embodiments, at least one chamber is filled with a reaction medium in a manner selected from the group consisting of a fluidized bed (Figure 1A), a packed bed (Figure 1B), and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the packed bed chamber is 20 meters or longer and 0.15 m or thicker. In many embodiments, the AWL reaction medium includes a material or reagent selected from the group consisting of CaO and its carbonates in the forms of aragonite, calcite and vaterite, dolomite, and Na2CO3, NaHCO3 and silicates including MgSiO3, olivine, pyroxene, mafic rocks, and other materials capable of sequestrating CO2, and any combination thereof. In many embodiments, the reaction medium is CaCO3 (limestone). In many embodiments, the reaction medium is a particulate solid. Therefore, in many embodiments, the SO2 of a ship x Aqueous / seawater wastewater from a scrubber or another gas absorber is partially absorbed in the same amount of SO2 as needed. x The gas emissions from the scrubber flow into the AWL reactor, where the seawater wastewater and gas are mixed and brought into contact with a reaction medium located in at least one of the chambers of the AWL reactor before being discharged into the ocean as bicarbonate-rich AWL wastewater, thus SO xThe acidity of scrubber wastewater is reduced, and CO2 emitted by ships is safely and permanently stored in the ocean.

[0035] In many embodiments, SO x The aqueductal wastewater from the scrubber is the only source of seawater supply to the AWL reactor, and therefore SO x The flow rate of water through the AWL reactor is determined according to the existing flow rate of the scrubber. In some such embodiments, SO x The gas emissions from the scrubber are then used, as needed, to regulate the flow rate of gas through the AWL reactor, optimizing the AWL process conditions and AWL reactor performance to capture the maximum amount of CO2 at the lowest cost. However, in some embodiments, to optimize the AWL process and reactor performance, any additional amount of seawater is pumped directly into the AWL reactor from the water surrounding the vessel as needed.

[0036] In many embodiments, the AWL process and reactor are multi-stage, and any number of SO x It incorporates a scrub tower and AWL chambers to capture exhaust CO2 from the ship most efficiently and effectively within the constraints of the vessel. For example, Figures 2A and 2B show examples of such multi-stage AWL reactors in many embodiments. More specifically, Figure 2A illustrates an AWL reactor in many embodiments that includes two successively connected AWL reactor chambers, SO x The aqueous wastewater from the scrubber first enters the first AWL chamber, where most of the acidity and some CO2 are removed from the wastewater, and then flows into the second AWL chamber, where further carbon dioxide is removed from the wastewater. Furthermore, in this particular example, SO x The gaseous effluent discharged from the scrubber is divided into two parallel flows, so that a first portion of the gaseous effluent is pumped into a first AWL chamber and a second portion of the gaseous effluent is pumped into a second AWL chamber, thereby facilitating control of the gaseous effluent flow through the AWL chamber and enabling optimization of the AWL process in many embodiments.

[0037] On the other hand, Figure 2B illustrates an alternative configuration of the AWL reactor in many embodiments, in which the AWL reactor includes multiple AWL chambers connected in parallel (here, packed beds of the AWL reaction medium). In some embodiments, the AWL reactor is a stack of at least five such packed bed columns containing the reaction medium, each column being 20 meters long and 0.15 meters thick, with overall reactor dimensions of 20 × 0.75 × 0.15 meters. In this particular embodiment, SO x The aqueous wastewater from the scrubber (in this case, the adsorbent tower) is divided into multiple flows that pass through multiple AWL chambers. In many embodiments, the configuration shown in Figure 2B allows for compensation of the mismatch between the CO2 gas adsorption rate to the aqueous wastewater and the dissolution of the limestone solid, and thus significantly improves the overall efficiency of the AWL process in many embodiments.

[0038] Generally, in many embodiments, any number of AWL chambers can be connected to any number of SOs in any way (including in series or parallel) as needed. x Scrubber, SO x A scrubber-type adsorbent tower is interconnected with the ship's exhaust to optimize water and gas flow rates, for example, to achieve the most efficient AWL process and capture the maximum amount of carbon dioxide at the lowest cost. However, in this specification, SO x The scrubbing process can acidify the aqueous wastewater, thus potentially eliminating any benefit of the buffering capacity of the AWL reaction medium (e.g., limestone), and thus the SO2 from the aqueous wastewater of the AWL reactor / chamber may be affected. x It should be noted that reversing the flow to the scrubber is not particularly recommended. Furthermore, in many embodiments, a wide variety of pumps, monitors, and safety valves are added for the same purpose. In many embodiments, the AWL reactor is located inside the vessel below the waterline. In many such embodiments, any additional seawater that may be necessary to optimize the onboard AWL process can be delivered to the AWL reactor by the movement of the vessel on the water, without the need for additional pumps.

[0039] Typical Embodiments The following embodiments provide details of a particular embodiment of the present invention, but it should be understood that these are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. [Examples]

[0040] (Example 1) Acid neutralization Background: SO x The surrounding seawater moving into the scrubber has a pH of 7.8-8.1 in the open ocean. x The pH of the aqueous wastewater discharged from the scrubber is pH 2-3, without any dilution by additional seawater. Therefore, SO x Neutralizing wastewater is important to avoid damage to maritime life and / or basic infrastructure.

[0041] Methods: A series of calculations were performed to investigate the extent of acid neutralization and carbon sequestration by AWL reactors in various embodiments. Specifically, the chemical properties of water, particularly pH, were first recorded before and after adding the AWL fluidized bed reactor shown in Figure 2A to a Panamax-sized vessel generating exhaust with a 5% CO2 concentration at 64,000 kg / hour. Therefore, the reference SO2 was used. x The scrubber has a seawater flow rate of 700 m 3 It was approximately 200 liters per hour or 200 liters per second.

[0042] Results: Figure 3 provides plots showing the pH of the AWL wastewater discharged from the first and second AWL chambers of the AWL reactor as a function of the flow rates of aqueous wastewater and gaseous wastewater, respectively. Thus, the AWL wastewater from the first chamber has a pH of 6.56–6.74 and SO x This indicates that the acidity of the sulfuric acid produced by the scrubber is significantly neutralized. Furthermore, the AWL wastewater from the second AWL chamber exhibits the same pH range, but at slightly lower values, due to the introduction of fresh CO2 from the ship's exhaust stack, at the same seawater and gas flow rates.

[0043] Conclusion: This example is SO xThis demonstrates the AWL reactor's ability to neutralize acidic wastewater exiting the scrubber.

[0044] (Example 2) Carbon dioxide capture Background: SO x Depending on the acidity of the aqueous wastewater from the scrubber, it will be rich in bicarbonate ions (HCO3). - ) and carbonate ions (CO3 2- ) is converted to carbonic acid (H2CO3) and, correspondingly, to CO2, and then compared with flue gas, SO x High CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) is generated in the scrubber drainage. Therefore, the first chamber of the AWL reactor shown in Figure 2A is affected by the high pCO2 pressure. x Because it is released as bubbles from the wastewater, it does not absorb all of the CO2 emitted from the ship's exhaust.

[0045] Method: It is possible to calculate the total amount of carbon dioxide captured and stored in the wastewater of the AWL reactor as a function of gas and water flow rates.

[0046] Results: Once the reactor reaches a steady state, sufficient CaCO3 dissolution increases the alkalinity and lowers pCO2 to below the value of the flue gas; however, the total carbon stored is less than predicted from the increase in alkalinity alone. By introducing another flow of CO2-containing flue gas in a bubble form into the aqueous wastewater of the first chamber of the AWL reactor water, more carbon dioxide is stored in the second chamber; however, the amount decreases because the pCO2 is high without lowering the pH of the water. Overall, the calculated rate of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration is 0.54 mol / sec, which is 2.71% of the 20 mol / sec coming through the flue gas. Therefore, in many embodiments, as shown in Figure 4, it is advantageous to split a 200 L / sec water flow into two 100 L / sec flows, as the steady CCS lines are closer together at lower water flows than at higher flows. This slight nonlinearity means that a flow of 2 × 100 L / s to two separate reactor pairs results in an overall capture and storage rate of 0.64 mol / s, or 3.22% of the ship's total discharge.

[0047] The overall performance of AWL reactors in many embodiments is SO x When connected to the scrubber drain, the gas flow and the volume occupied by the AWL reactor and the required limestone can be summarized as a function of these volumes, as shown in Figure 5. The three different shades in this figure represent 45m 3 Standard case (blue) for a volumetric reactor with a gas transfer coefficient (Kla) of 0.2 / sec, and 7.5m³ with Kla = 0.2 / sec. 3 Reactor (orange), and 7.5m with Kla=0.6 / sec 3 The reactor (gray) is represented. The two sets of slopes represent 2 × 100 L / s (high CO2 storage rate but large volume) and 1 × 200 L / s passing through a single reactor. These different sensitivities arise from the nonlinearity of CO2 sequestration with respect to seawater flow rate. The points along each slope represent changes in gas flow rate from 500 L / s to 4,000 L / s.

[0048] Conclusion: This example is SO x This demonstrates the AWL reactor's ability to capture carbon dioxide from scrubber wastewater.

[0049] (Example 3) SO x Carbon dioxide recovery without the use of a scrubber Background: Certain vessels, when using low-sulfur fuel, and / or SO2 x SO x There may be a need for carbon sequestration without using scrubber wastewater. For example, bulk carriers may need 2 x 1,000 m³ for use during loading and unloading at ports. 3 The ship is equipped with ballast pumps. These pumps move ballast water while the ship is in dry dock, when heavy cargo is being unloaded or removed from the ship, to ensure the ship remains stable.

[0050] Method: By using these pumps while a vessel is underway, it is possible to calculate the amount of stored carbon as a function of the flow rate of seawater and gas. Figure 6 shows the amount of CO2 stored as a function of the required volume installed on the vessel for seawater flow rates of 400 L / s, 600 L / s, and 800 L / s, and exhaust gas flow rate of 4000 L / s.

[0051] Results: Each of the three sets of seawater currents forms a set of points along a line in the model where the reactor size and gas exchange coefficient (Kla) vary. These embodiments cover 2 × 1,000 m 3 Using a ballast pump at / hour, the ship can reach approximately 140m 3 By creating this space, 7% of Panamax-type CO2 emissions can be sequestered. These ships are approximately 50,000 m². 3 Since it has a loading area, the AWL reactor device can be considered non-invasive. Furthermore, Figure 7 shows the modeling results for seawater flow in the same range as Figure 6, but here it utilizes the nonlinear response of CO2 sequestration to seawater flow rate. For this reason, in many embodiments, the AWL reactor has 350 m relative to the container. 3 Approximately 11% of CO2 can be sequestered using this space.

[0052] Conclusion: This embodiment illustrates the ability of AWL reactors in many embodiments to capture carbon dioxide by using ballast pumps or another non-acidified seawater source.

[0053] The doctrine of equality This specification of the present invention is presented for illustrative and explanatory purposes. It is not intended to be exhaustive, nor to limit the invention to the exact forms described, and many modifications and variations are possible considering the teachings above. The embodiments have been selected and described to best illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical applications. This specification enables those skilled in the art to make the most of and implement the invention in various embodiments, with various modifications suitable for specific applications. The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. CO ２ and SO ｘ In ships that generate emissions, the AWL process is performed using SO ｘ A reactor for integration with a scrubbing process, A chamber filled with a reaction medium, The water inlet of the adsorbent tower is in fluid communication with the aqueous wastewater outlet, The gas outlet of the adsorbent tower and the gas inlet, which are in fluid communication with each other, AWL drain outlet and Any number of pumps, control devices, and safety valves necessary to move seawater and gas through the reactor at a desired speed. A reactor, including

2. The adsorbent tower is SO ｘ The reactor according to claim 1, which is a scrubber.

3. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein at least one chamber is filled with the reaction medium in a manner selected from the group consisting of a fluidized bed, a packed bed, and any combination thereof.

4. The reaction medium comprises CaO and its forms of aragonite, calcite and fat lime, dolomite, and Na ２ CO ３ -containing carbonate, NaHCO ３ and MgSiO ３ , silicates including cordierite, pyroxene, basalt, and another material capable of isolating CO ２ The reactor according to claim 1, comprising a material or reagent selected from the group consisting of and any combination thereof.

5. The reaction medium is CaCO ３ The reactor according to claim 1.

6. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reaction medium is a particulate solid.

7. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor includes a plurality of chambers filled with the reaction medium.

8. The reactor according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of chambers are connected in series.

9. The reactor according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of chambers are connected in parallel.

10. CO2 generated by ships ２ and SO ｘ A method for reducing emission pollution, A chamber filled with a reaction medium, SO installed on the aforementioned ship ｘ The scrubber has a water-based drain outlet and a water inlet that is in fluid communication with it, The aforementioned SO ｘ The scrubber's gas outlet and the gas inlet, which are in fluid communication, AWL drain outlet and Any number of pumps, control devices, and safety valves necessary to move seawater and gas through the AWL reactor at a desired speed. Installing an AWL reactor mounted on the aforementioned vessel, Seawater and SO from the aforementioned water drain outlet ｘ The gas from the gas exhaust outlet of the scrubber is flowed to the AWL reactor. To mitigate the acidity of the seawater discharged from the aforementioned aqueous wastewater outlet, while also safely storing the carbon dioxide generated by the vessel in the ocean. Methods that include...

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein at least one chamber is filled with the reaction medium in a manner selected from the group consisting of a fluidized bed, a packed bed, and any combination thereof.

12. The reaction medium is CaO, and its aragonite, calcite, and vaterite forms, dolomite, and Na ２ CO ３ A carbonate containing NaHCO ３ And, MgSiO ３ silicates containing olivine, pyroxene, and mafic rocks, and CO ２ The method according to claim 10, comprising a material or reagent selected from the group consisting of another material capable of isolating and any combination thereof.

13. The reaction medium is CaCO ３ The method according to claim 10.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the reaction medium is a particulate solid.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the AWL reactor includes a plurality of chambers filled with the reaction medium.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of chambers are connected in series.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of chambers are connected in parallel.

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