Mobile devices with zombie mode

Abstract

This provides mobile devices that allow the use of NFC authentication functions (such as Apple Pay and Suica) even when the battery is completely dead. [Solution] The mobile device 1 includes a battery 10, an NFC chip 141, an SE chip 190, an NFC utilization processing unit 191, and a power generation unit 200 that converts vibration into electricity. Even when the battery 10 is completely depleted, if the user shakes the mobile device 1 immediately before using the NFC authentication function, the power from the power generation unit 200 will wake up the NFC chip 141. Subsequent power for short-range wireless communication and driving the SE chip 190, etc., is supplied by the power passively generated by the NFC chip 141 due to an external magnetic field. Therefore, the user can use the NFC authentication function even when the battery 10 and backup power are completely depleted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to mobile devices that users carry or wear, such as smartphones and wearable devices.

Background Art

[0002] When the battery of a mobile device runs out completely, all functions are lost.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] An object of this disclosure is to provide a mobile device capable of executing a predetermined function even when the battery is completely depleted.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] The mobile device according to this disclosure is a mobile device configured to include a power generation unit inside the housing of the mobile device that converts vibrations associated with the user's movement into electricity, and to operate by the power from the power generation unit to execute a predetermined function. Here, the vibrations associated with the user's movement include at least one of vibrations and impacts associated with the user's walking movement (such as impacts when the foot hits the ground during walking), vibrations and impacts associated with the movement of the user's hand or arm (such as shaking and swinging), vibrations and impacts associated with a direct input operation on the mobile device (such as impacts and pressures caused by tapping), and vibrations and impacts associated with random body movements.

Advantages of the Invention

[0005] According to this disclosure, it is possible to provide a mobile device capable of executing a predetermined function even when the battery is completely depleted.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] [Figure 1] It is a (a) front view and (b) rear view of a mobile device according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a block diagram showing the configuration of a mobile device in one embodiment. [Figure 3] This is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the power generation unit. [Figure 4] This figure shows an example of the operating procedure for the emergency subsystem. [Figure 5] This figure shows an example of the transition flow of operating modes in a mobile device. [Figure 6] This figure shows an example of the transition flow of operating modes in a mobile device. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0007] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. 1. One Embodiment (exterior) Figure 1(a) is a front view of a mobile device 1 according to one embodiment, and Figure 1(b) is a rear view of the same mobile device 1. This mobile device 1 is a type of mobile device (a so-called smartphone) that is carried by the user.

[0008] As shown in Figure 1(a), the majority of the front of the mobile device 1 is comprised of the main display 110. A front camera 121 is located near the upper edge of the front.

[0009] As shown in Figure 1(b), the back of the mobile device 1 is equipped with a rear camera 122, a flash 123, and a sub-display 111. The central part of the back is designated as area R1 for contactless charging. The central part of the back 1r, closer to the rear camera 122, is designated as area R2 for short-range wireless communication.

[0010] (Configuration of Mobile Device 1) Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of mobile device 1. Mobile device 1 includes a battery 10, a main system 100, a power generation unit 200, a sub-power storage unit 300, a PMIC (Power Management Integrated Circuit) 400, and an emergency subsystem 500.

[0011] Mobile device 1 falls under the category of a computer. A computer is an electronic device that performs data processing, calculations, storage, and input / output. Mobile device 1 is equipped with a CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, storage, and an operating system (OS), and therefore perfectly fits this definition of a computer. In the following description, explanations of elements that Mobile device 1 naturally possesses as a computer will be omitted as appropriate.

[0012] (Operating Mode) Mobile device 1 has a normal mode, a power saving mode, and a zombie mode. Normal mode is the operating mode in which the mobile device 1 operates when the charge state (SOC: State of Charge) of the battery 10 is at or above the first threshold TH1. In normal mode, the main functions of the mobile device 1 are available without restriction.

[0013] Power saving mode is an operating mode that is entered when the charge state (SOC) of the battery 10 falls below the first threshold TH1. In power saving mode, the mobile device 1 automatically limits or disables background app updates, downloads, and some visual effects to reduce power consumption of the battery 10, and optimizes the performance of important functions such as calls and messages.

[0014] The zombie mode is an operation mode in which the emergency subsystem 500 operates autonomously by the power from the sub - power storage unit 300 when the remaining amount of the battery 10 is depleted to such an extent that it cannot even maintain the reserve power mode (a dead state). Here, the "state where the remaining amount of the battery 10 is depleted to such an extent that it cannot even maintain the reserve power mode" includes the case where the remaining amount of the battery 10 falls below the second threshold TH2 (e.g., about 3V in terms of voltage conversion) which is smaller than the first threshold TH1, or the case where the power supply from the battery 10 is cut off (e.g., when the SOC is "0%" in the display for the user).

[0015] (Battery 10) The battery 10 is a secondary battery that can be recharged by external power supply. For example, a lithium - ion battery is used for the battery 10.

[0016] (Main system 100) The main system 100 is a system that operates by the power supply from the battery 10. The main system 100 operates by receiving power in the order of several W from the battery 10.

[0017] The main system 100 includes a touch - panel display 110, a non - volatile display 111, a front camera 121, a rear camera 122, a flash 123, a sound system (not shown), a communication unit 140, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) module 160, a storage device (storage unit) 170, a main control unit 180, a SE (Secure Element) chip 190, and an acceleration sensor 195.

[0018] (Main display 110) The main display 110 functions as the main display and operation interface (touch - panel) of the mobile device 1. For the main display 110, an organic EL display (OLED / AMOLED), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. are used.

[0019] (Sub - display 111) The sub-display 111 is an element shared with the emergency subsystem 500. The sub-display 111 is a bistable display device (hereinafter also referred to as a "non-volatile display"). Examples of non-volatile displays include electronic paper (E-PAPER / e-ink), bistable liquid crystals (Bi-Nem, Cholesteric LCD, etc.), and ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC).

[0020] In the normal mode, the display function of the sub-display 111 is utilized as a basic information display function, a notification function, a function leveraging the characteristics of the back side, a bridging function to an emergency situation, etc.

[0021] The basic information display function is to constantly display basic information such as time and date. With this function, basic information can always be confirmed without lighting up the main display 110.

[0022] The notification function is to display that there is a notification or an incoming call. With this function, the user can be informed that there is a notification or an incoming call without consuming the power of the battery 10.

[0023] The functions leveraging the characteristics of the back side include a personal information display function and a back camera assistance function. The personal information display function is to display static images set by the user, QR codes (registered trademark) for electronic business cards, contact information, etc. With this function, images set by the user can be displayed without consuming the power of the battery 10. The back camera assistance function is to display an image as a simple monitor for framing when taking a self-portrait with the back camera 122 or for shooting information (e.g., HDR on / off, resolution, etc.).

[0024] The bridging function to an emergency situation is a function that, when the display of emergency display information (medical information, blood type, emergency contact information, etc.) is effectively set, keeps the emergency display information in a standby state (writing completed) during the normal mode. With this function, it is possible to minimize the power consumption when switching the display in an emergency.

[0025] (Front camera 121, rear camera 122) The front camera 121 is primarily used for selfies and video calls. The rear camera 122 is used for landscapes and high-quality photography. Switching between the front camera 121 and the rear camera 122 can be done, for example, by tapping the camera switching icon on the camera app screen.

[0026] (Flash 123) Flash 123 functions as a light source (strobe) for shooting in low light conditions using the rear camera 122, as well as a flashlight (light).

[0027] (Sound system) The sound system consists of a built-in speaker, a digital-to-analog converter, an amplifier, and a software processing unit. The sound system enables stereo playback on the mobile device itself, surround sound technologies such as Dolby Atmos, and connection to external devices via Bluetooth and USB.

[0028] (Communications Section 140) The communication unit 140 includes a 5G module, a WiFi 7 / 6E module, a Bluetooth module, a UWB (Ultra Wide Band) module, and the like.

[0029] The communication unit 140 further includes a short-range wireless communication unit 141. The short-range wireless communication unit 141 is an element for the mobile device 1 to perform short-range wireless communication with an external NFC reader / writer (external device). The short-range wireless communication unit 141 consists of an antenna that generates an induced electromotive force by receiving a magnetic field from an NFC reader / writer of a ticket gate or cash register, and a low-power NFC chip (NFC controller) (hereinafter, the short-range wireless communication unit 141 will also be referred to as the NFC chip 141). Of the elements of the communication unit 140, at least the NFC chip 141 is an element shared with the emergency subsystem 500.

[0030] The NFC chip 141 performs short-range wireless communication using the power it generates, and also supplies power to the SE chip 190 and the ultra-low power consumption MCU (Micro Controller Unit) 520, which will be described later.

[0031] (GNSS module 160) The GNSS module 160 is a low-power electronic component that receives radio waves transmitted from satellites in orbit and calculates the current position (latitude, longitude, and altitude), precise time, and speed of movement. The GNSS module 160 is an element shared with the emergency subsystem 500.

[0032] (Storage device 170) The storage device 170 includes a storage device (SSD, ROM, etc.) capable of long-term storage of the operating system (basic software), application programs, and various data (images, audio, etc.), as well as memory (RAM) for temporarily storing data used by the main control unit 180.

[0033] (Main control unit 180) The main control unit 180 is mainly composed of a processor such as a CPU or MPU. By executing the operating system and application programs stored in the storage device 170, the main control unit 180 realizes almost all of the functions of the mobile device 1. Almost all of the functions of the mobile device 1 are all functions except for some functions of the emergency subsystem 500.

[0034] The main control unit 180 can function as an NFC utilization processing unit 191. The NFC utilization processing unit 191 is a functional unit (application processor) for using various services that involve authentication processing using short-range wireless communication by the NFC chip 141 (hereinafter also referred to as "NFC-based authentication processing"). NFC-based authentication processing includes payment authentication, passenger eligibility verification authentication, area access eligibility verification authentication, and the like.

[0035] Payment authentication is the process of verifying (determining) whether a person is the legitimate owner of an account / card when purchasing or paying for goods or services.

[0036] The boarding eligibility verification process is a process that verifies (determines) whether a passenger has the ability to pay the fare or possesses a valid ticket when using public transportation (trains, buses, ferries, etc.).

[0037] Area access eligibility verification is a process that verifies (determines) whether or not entry to a specific area (such as an office, apartment building, event venue, or security area) is permitted.

[0038] (SE Chip 190) The SE chip 190 is an element (secure element) shared with the emergency subsystem 500. The SE chip 190 is a tamper-resistant IC chip with extremely high security. The SE chip 190 operates independently, physically and logically separated from the main control unit 180. The SE chip 190 can perform authentication processing using NFC while protecting important data that needs to be protected, such as encryption keys, digital certificates, and payment information.

[0039] For example, the SE chip 190 securely stores credit card and debit card information and prevents fraudulent use in electronic money payments (such as Apple Pay and Suica) that utilize near-field wireless communication via the NFC chip 141.

[0040] (Accelerometer 195) The accelerometer 195 is an element shared with the emergency subsystem 500. The accelerometer 195 is an element for understanding the dynamic state of the mobile device 1 in detail. The accelerometer 195 has the ability to detect the movement, tilt, vibration, and shock of the mobile device 1 with high precision along three orthogonal axes (x-axis, y-axis, z-axis).

[0041] The data detected by the accelerometer 195 is used for a wide range of applications, including automatic rotation of the main display 110 screen, game control, step counting as an activity tracker, and anomaly detection of the main display 110 (e.g., activation of data protection measures upon drop detection).

[0042] Furthermore, the accelerometer 195 works closely with the GNSS module 160. While the GNSS module 160 receives satellite signals to determine a rough position, the data from the accelerometer 195 is used to assist inertial navigation (dead reckoning), especially in environments where GNSS signals are easily blocked, such as indoors, underground, or between tall buildings. This collaboration makes it possible to estimate and correct short-term movement trajectories, enabling more accurate and seamless positioning (high-precision navigation and location-based services) that cannot be achieved with GNSS alone.

[0043] (Power generation unit 200) The power generation unit 200 is a power generation device installed inside the casing of the mobile device 1. The vibration power generation unit 40 converts the user's movement or external vibrations into electricity. External vibrations are mechanical vibrations and shocks that the mobile device 1 receives from the outside, which serve as an energy source. The power generation unit 200 generates electricity in the mW to μW range.

[0044] (Sub-energy storage unit 300) The sub-storage unit 300 is a storage unit that stores the electricity (charge) generated by the power generation unit 200. It is a storage unit independent of the battery 10. The sub-storage unit 300 is composed of, for example, a capacitor (electric double-layer capacitor or thin-film capacitor). The sub-storage unit 300 has the characteristic of being able to be charged and discharged in a short time. The capacity of the sub-storage unit 300 is, for example, several tens of μF to several hundred μF. The sub-storage unit 300 is the main component (storage unit) of the so-called charge pump that rectifies and stores the flow of charge from the power generation unit 200. That is, the mobile device 1 has a charge pump and stores the electricity (charge) generated by the power generation unit 200 in the sub-storage unit 300. The power conversion efficiency of the charge pump is, for example, 90-95%.

[0045] In this embodiment, the rectifier circuit (including the rectifier function included in the PMIC400) is preferably constructed using an active rectifier circuit employing active elements such as MOS-FETs or operational amplifiers, instead of a typical diode bridge.

[0046] Conventionally, rectifier circuits using diodes require a threshold voltage (forward voltage drop) of approximately 0.6V to initiate rectification. If the voltage generated by the power generation element 11 (power generation unit 200) does not reach this threshold, power cannot be recovered, resulting in wasted energy.

[0047] In contrast, in this embodiment, the rectification timing is controlled using an active element, thereby reducing the threshold voltage for rectification to 0.8V or less (preferably 0.3V or less, and even more preferably substantially 0V). As a result, even AC currents with low voltage generated by weak vibrations such as when walking starts or just before stopping can be converted to DC without loss and stored in the sub-energy storage unit 300, dramatically improving energy recovery efficiency (harvest efficiency).

[0048] (PMIC400) The PMIC400 converts and distributes power from the battery 10 to the optimal voltage for each component inside the mobile device 1 (CPU, camera, display, communication module, etc.), managing the battery 10's lifespan and operational stability. The PMIC400 monitors the battery 10's State of Control (SOC) and manages the power of the mobile device 1 based on the SOC.

[0049] The PMIC400 also controls the charging of the battery 10 via wired charging and wireless charging. Wired charging is a charging method in which power is supplied by directly plugging a cable into a port (USB-C, Lightning, etc.) on the mobile device 1. Wireless charging is a method in which the mobile device 1 is charged without a cable by simply placing it on a charging pad or stand, using electromagnetic induction technology. Representative standards include Qi® and MagSafe®. The PMIC400 operates using power from wired charging, wireless charging, or power from the battery 10.

[0050] (Emergency subsystem 500) The emergency subsystem 500 comprises a sub-display 111, an NFC chip 141, a GNSS module 160, an SE chip 190, an acceleration sensor 195, a beacon transmission module 510, and an ultra-low power MCU (Micro Controller Unit) 520.

[0051] The SE chip 190 and the ultra-low power MCU 520 constitute a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using the power supplied from the NFC chip 141 and the functions of NFC.

[0052] The beacon transmission module 510 and the ultra-low power MCU 520, which are unique elements of the emergency subsystem 500, operate solely on power from the sub-energy storage unit 300.

[0053] Of the elements shared between the main system 100 and the emergency subsystem 500 (non-volatile display 111, NFC chip 141, GNSS module 160, and SE chip 190), the non-volatile display 111, GNSS module 160, and SE chip 190 operate on power from the battery 10 in normal mode and power-saving mode.

[0054] The non-volatile display 111 can operate on power from the sub-power storage unit 300 in zombie mode.

[0055] The NFC chip 141 is powered by the battery 10 in normal mode and power-saving mode. The NFC chip 141 can also be powered by the sub-power storage unit 300. After powering up, the NFC chip 141 operates using power (inductive power) supplied by the reader.

[0056] In zombie mode, the GNSS module 160 can operate on power from the sub-energy storage unit 300.

[0057] The SE chip 190 operates using power from the battery 10 in normal mode and power-saving mode. In zombie mode, the SE chip 190 operates (starts up and drives) using power (inductive power) generated by the NFC chip 141 after it has been powered up.

[0058] (Beacon transmission module 510) The beacon transmission module 510 continuously transmits BLE signals (terminal-specific IDs) at regular intervals using a low-power communication method. An example of a low-power communication method is Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE).

[0059] (Ultra low power consumption MCU520) The ultra-low power consumption MCU 520 can function as the NFC utilization processing unit 191. In other words, the function of performing authentication processing using NFC is a function that is possessed by the main system 100 (in other words, the main control unit 180) and the emergency subsystem 500 (in other words, the ultra-low power consumption MCU 520), respectively.

[0060] The ultra-low power consumption MCU 520 operates (starts up and is driven) using power from the sub-energy storage unit 300. The ultra-low power consumption MCU 520 is then enabled by the emergency subsystem 500 to perform predetermined functions (hereinafter also referred to as "zombie functions").

[0061] (Zombie function) The zombie function includes a function that performs authentication processing using NFC via the NFC chip 141 (such as payment authentication, ride eligibility verification authentication, and area access eligibility verification authentication) (hereinafter also referred to as the "authentication processing function"). This function is realized by the ultra-low power consumption MCU 520 functioning as the NFC utilization processing unit 191. In this embodiment, the NFC utilization processing unit 191 controls the NFC chip 141 to wake it up (start it up) using the power stored in the sub-power storage unit 300.

[0062] Furthermore, the zombie function includes a location information display function that displays the current location information acquired by the GNSS module 160 on the sub-display 111. The location information displayed on the sub-display 111 by the location information display function indicates the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the location where the mobile device 1 is located. If map data is available, the location information displayed on the sub-display 111 may include a map image showing the location of the mobile device 1.

[0063] Furthermore, the zombie function includes a beacon function in which the beacon transmitting module 510 transmits a beacon signal containing the current location information (latitude, longitude, and altitude) acquired by the GNSS module 160.

[0064] Furthermore, the zombie function includes a function to perform processing to maximize the power generation efficiency of the power generation unit 200 (hereinafter also referred to as "power generation efficiency maximization processing").

[0065] Of these zombie functions, the authentication processing function, location information display function, and beacon function are optional functions that the user can select. In other words, the mobile device 1 is configured so that the user can pre-configure which of the authentication processing function, location information display function, and beacon function to enable. The setting to enable or disable the zombie function can be done on the settings screen displayed on the main display 110 while the main system 100 is running.

[0066] (Structure of the power generation unit 200) In this embodiment, in order to make the mobile device 1 thinner, an electrostatic induction type power generation device using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology is adopted as the power generation unit 200.

[0067] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of the power generation unit 200. The power generation unit 200 has a power generation element unit 210 that generates electricity due to the relative displacement between one electrode 211 and the other electrode 212. The power generation element section 210 is a MEMS structure having a fixed comb-tooth electrode 211f as one electrode 211 and a movable comb-tooth electrode 212m as the other electrode 212. The fixed comb-tooth electrode 211f and the movable comb-tooth electrode 212m are arranged to interlock alternately with a minute gap between them. An electret film (charged film) 220 that semi-permanently retains electric charge is formed on the side surface of the movable comb-tooth electrode 212m.

[0068] This structure allows for high power generation efficiency despite its small size and thin profile, as the movable comb electrode 212m vibrates and displaces relative to the fixed comb electrode 211f. This is achieved through electrostatic induction between the charge held by the electret membrane 220 and the fixed comb electrode 211f, causing current to flow in the external circuit (load circuit) connected to both the fixed comb electrode 211f and the movable comb electrode 212m.

[0069] The electricity (electric charge) generated by the power generation unit 200 is rectified by the charge pump and stored in the sub-energy storage unit 300.

[0070] The power generation unit 200 has a vibration amplification mechanism 230. The vibration amplification mechanism 230 has a support part 231 that supports the power generation element unit 210. The support part 231 has a movable part 231m that supports the movable comb electrode 212m and a fixed part 231f that supports the fixed comb electrode 211f. The fixed part 231f is fixed to a fixed substrate (such as a circuit board) not shown inside the mobile device 1. The movable part 231m and the fixed part 231f are connected to each other via an elastic member (such as a spring or support mechanism) not shown. The movable part 231m and the fixed part 231f can move relative to each other (relative vibration displacement) as long as the elastic member can elastically deform. As a result, the fixed comb electrode 211f supported by the fixed part 231f and the movable comb electrode 212m supported by the movable part 231m can move relative to each other (relative vibration displacement).

[0071] Specifically, the elastic member has a tuning fork-type (U-shaped or V-shaped) spring characteristic in which its two ends vibrate in opposite phases to each other. One end of the elastic member constitutes a movable part 231m, and the other end constitutes a fixed part 231f. As the elastic member deforms (vibrates), the movable part 231m and the fixed part 231f move relative to each other (relative vibration displacement) in opposite phases. As a result, the fixed comb-tooth electrode 211f supported by the fixed part 231f and the movable comb-tooth electrode 212m supported by the movable part 231m move relative to each other (relative vibration displacement).

[0072] Conventionally, unlike mechanical vibrations with a fixed period, vibrations associated with human walking and shaking motions contain many non-steady and shocking (impulsive) vibration components. As a result, conventional resonant systems cannot sufficiently store energy, leading to a problem of reduced power generation efficiency.

[0073] In contrast, the vibration amplification mechanism 230 of this embodiment has the function of utilizing the elastic deformation of an elastic member to temporarily store the shock vibration energy input from the outside as elastic energy, and then converting (amplifying) it into sustained free vibration of the power generation element 210.

[0074] This makes it possible to efficiently resonate the power generation element 210 at its natural frequency (e.g., tens to hundreds of Hz) even with low-frequency (around a few Hz) and impactful input vibrations, such as those experienced during walking. Experimentally, it has been confirmed that using such a vibration amplification mechanism 230 can improve power generation performance against unsteady impact vibrations by approximately 90 times compared to when there is no amplification mechanism. Therefore, in zombie mode, sufficient power can be secured to drive the emergency subsystem 500 even if the user is simply walking.

[0075] As described above, the ultra-low power consumption MCU520 has a zombie function that performs processing to maximize power generation efficiency. This function calculates the peak frequency of vibration based on external vibrations acquired by the acceleration sensor 195, and performs resonance point tracking control to match the calculated peak frequency with the vibration frequency (natural frequency) of the relative displacement of both electrodes 211 and 212.

[0076] Specifically, the ultra-low power consumption MCU 520 not only monitors power generation by the power generation unit 200, but also comprehensively controls multiple adjustment mechanisms incorporated into the power generation unit 200, such as an electrically variable stiffness mechanism, an electrostatic spring constant adjustment mechanism using MEMS technology, and an electrostatic attraction adjustment circuit that controls the voltage between the two electrodes 211 and 212.

[0077] The purpose of this control is to precisely and dynamically match the effective resonant frequency of the power generation unit 200 to the dynamic vibration frequency of the user, which is the energy source, i.e., the walking rhythm. Human walking rhythms generally have their main energy components in the range of approximately 2 Hz to 10 Hz, and their harmonic components (overtones) are also important energy sources. The ultra-low power consumption MCU520 detects these vibration spectra in real time and optimizes the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the power generation unit 200 by instantly adjusting the variable stiffness mechanism and load adjustment circuit.

[0078] Specifically, the ultra-low power consumption MCU 520 identifies the main frequency of external vibrations (such as user walking vibrations) detected by the acceleration sensor 195, and performs resonance point tracking control to control the electrical characteristics of the power generation element 210 so that the resonance frequency of the power generation unit 200 matches the identified frequency.

[0079] The MEMS structure constituting the power generation element section 210 can change the apparent spring constant K' (electrostatic spring effect) by applying an additional electrical stiffness (electrostatic spring constant) to the mechanical spring constant K by adjusting the DC bias voltage applied between the fixed comb-tooth electrode 211f and the movable comb-tooth electrode 212m, or by adjusting the impedance of the load circuit.

[0080] The ultra-low power consumption MCU520 utilizes this electrostatic spring effect to control the voltage so that the spring constant is substantially reduced when the user is walking slowly (e.g., around 2Hz) and increased when the user is running fast (e.g., around 10Hz). This makes it possible to drive the power generation unit 200 in a resonant state at all times in response to the irregular and wide-bandwidth motion vibrations of the user, thereby maximizing power generation efficiency.

[0081] This dynamic resonance frequency tracking function allows the power generation unit 200 to continuously extract electrical energy at maximum efficiency from a consistent vibration source, such as walking. As a result, the generated power ensures a stable and stable power supply with minimal fluctuations to the emergency subsystem 500 of the mobile device 1.

[0082] (Example of operation of emergency subsystem 500) Figure 4 shows the operation procedure of the emergency subsystem 500 during the authentication process of Suica / PASMO using NFC. Step S101 (Power Generation): The power generation unit 200 generates power in response to the user's actions (e.g., shaking mobile device 1 in a predetermined direction). Step S102 (Energy Storage): The electricity generated by the power generation unit 200 is stored in the sub-energy storage unit (capacitor) 300. Step S103 (Detection of external magnetic field): When the user holds the mobile device 1 over the NFC reader / writer of the ticket gate (e.g., brings it within 0.1m, preferably within 0.04m of the reader), the NFC chip 141 reacts to the magnetic field (external magnetic field) of the NFC reader / writer. The reaction of the NFC chip 141 appears, for example, as a voltage change between the antenna terminals of the NFC chip 141. Step S104 (NFC one-shot activation): The NFC utilization processing unit 191 is activated and operates using the power from the sub-power storage unit 300. When the NFC utilization processing unit 191 detects a reaction from the NFC chip 141 (e.g., a voltage change), it uses the power from the sub-power storage unit 300 to activate the NFC chip 141. After the NFC chip 141 is activated, it converts the external magnetic field from the NFC reader / writer into power (external magnetic field power supply). Step S105 (NFC): The SE chip 190 communicates with the NFC reader / writer (mutual authentication and encrypted communication) using the power and NFC functionality supplied by the NFC chip 141. Step S106 (Authentication): SE chip 190 performs the Suica / PASMO authentication process. These processes enable a single authentication process for Suica / PASMO.

[0083] Thus, in this embodiment, when a user holds the mobile device 1 over the NFC reader / writer of a ticket gate, the antenna of the NFC chip 141 senses a weak voltage change (detection signal). This is the detection of an external magnetic field. However, at this stage, the mobile device 1's battery is completely dead, and this weak detection signal alone is not enough to activate the entire circuit for performing advanced authentication processing.

[0084] This is where the NFC utilization processing unit 191 (actually an ultra-low power consumption MCU 520) comes into play. When the NFC utilization processing unit 191 detects a weak response from the NFC chip 141 (in other words, the antenna), it releases the power stored in the sub-power storage unit 300 all at once to activate the NFC chip 141 (in other words, the NFC controller). In short, the NFC utilization processing unit 191 injects its precious power into waking up the NFC chip 141, using the detection of an external magnetic field as a signal.

[0085] Once activated, the NFC chip 141 fully utilizes its functions and begins to efficiently convert the external magnetic field from the NFC reader / writer into electricity (passive power generation). From this point onward, communication with the NFC reader / writer and the operation of the SE chip 190 are powered by this converted electricity.

[0086] (Effects of one embodiment) In one embodiment, the mobile device 1 includes a power generation unit 200 and a sub-power storage unit 300 as an independent power supply system, separate from a large-capacity battery 10 that can be recharged by power supplied from a normal external power source. With this configuration, even if the battery runs out, for example, when the remaining charge of the battery 10 falls below a predetermined threshold or when an unexpected power supply interruption occurs, it is possible to operate an emergency subsystem 500 having a predetermined function using only the power obtained from vibrations associated with the user's walking or other physical movements.

[0087] In other words, even after the battery runs out, as long as the user carrying the mobile device 1 continues to exercise, such as walking, the power generation unit 200 efficiently converts the shocks and vibrations caused by that exercise into electrical energy and stores that power in an independent sub-power storage unit 300. Using the power stored in this sub-power storage unit 300, the emergency subsystem 500, designed using ultra-low power consumption circuit technology, starts up like a "zombie."

[0088] Because the emergency subsystem 500 maintains operation with extremely low power consumption, the mobile device 1 can continue to perform the following important functions, albeit to a limited extent, even when the battery 10 is depleted.

[0089] Specifically, even when the battery 10 is depleted, as long as the user continues to exercise, such as walking, the power stored in the sub-power storage unit 300 will enable authentication for electronic money payments (such as Apple Pay and Suica) (payment authentication), authentication to verify the ability to pay fares and the validity of tickets on public transportation (boarding eligibility verification authentication), and authentication to verify whether entry to shelters and security areas (offices, apartments, event venues, etc.) is permitted (area access eligibility verification authentication).

[0090] Furthermore, even when the battery 10 is depleted, as long as the user continues to exercise, such as walking, the beacon function can transmit an SOS signal (beacon) containing the current location information of the mobile device 1 (in other words, the user). This makes it possible to inform rescue teams of the user's presence and current location even if the battery 10 is completely depleted during a disaster or when cell towers are down and the user is lost. By having the mobile device 1 continue to emit a survival signal (beacon) saying "I'm here" until the very end, it can provide the user with a high level of psychological reassurance.

[0091] Furthermore, even when the battery 10 is depleted, as long as the user continues to exercise, such as walking, the power stored in the sub-power storage unit 300 will operate the sub-display 111 and the GNSS module 160, and the current location information (latitude, longitude, altitude, and, if possible, a map image) acquired by the GNSS module 160 will be displayed on the sub-display 111.

[0092] This allows the system to acquire current location information even in situations where the battery 10 is depleted and general navigation functions are unavailable, such as during a disaster or when lost outdoors, as long as the user continues to move, such as walking. For example, the user can display their current location information on the sub-display 111 by vigorously shaking the mobile device 1. It is also possible to implement a function where only necessary information, such as the current location marker on the map displayed on the sub-display 111, is updated when the user vigorously shakes the mobile device 1. As a result, the user can check evacuation routes and request rescue after knowing their current location, contributing to an improved survival rate and a sense of security in emergencies.

[0093] Here, typical liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLEDs) require a continuous power supply (refresh operation) to keep displaying an image, making them unsuitable for operation with weak and intermittent power generation (zombie mode) as in this embodiment.

[0094] In contrast, the bistable display device (such as electronic paper) used in this embodiment has the characteristic (memory property) of consuming power only when the screen is refreshed and not consuming power to maintain the display.

[0095] Therefore, in zombie mode, if the current map image and QR codes (medical information, etc.) are drawn once using the instantaneous power (one-shot power) generated by the user's temporary shaking motion, then even if the user runs out of power and the power supply is completely cut off, it will be possible to display that important information on the screen semi-permanently until a rescue team arrives. This is an extremely important advantage in improving the survival rate.

[0096] 2. Other Embodiments (Smartwatch) The mobile devices described herein include mobile devices worn on the user's wrist (so-called smartwatches). While smartphones require users to take them out and shake them to make payments or check location information after the battery runs out, smartwatches, being worn on the wrist at all times, offer a greater possibility of more intuitive and instantaneous NFC payment authentication. In other words, the zero-energy wallet function, which generates the power necessary for payment authentication with a single shake (at least one shake) just before holding the smartwatch over the NFC reader / writer at the register even if the battery runs out, can be integrated with the smartwatch's original operation of holding the wrist over the reader / writer, potentially outperforming smartphones in terms of seamless continuity of life-sustaining functions in emergencies. Here, "just before holding it over the NFC reader / writer at the register" is an example of "just before the time when the near-field communication unit should be activated."

[0097] (Power generation unit 200 having a micro rotary generator) In the above embodiment, the power generation unit 200 may be of a type that has a micro-rotating generator instead of, or in combination with, the power generation element unit 210 and vibration amplification mechanism 230 that generate electricity by the relative displacement between one electrode 211 and the other electrode 212. In this type of power generation unit 200, the movement of the arm of the user wearing the smartwatch rotates a rotor, converts that rotation into high-speed rotation of the rotor of a micro-rotating generator via gears, changes the magnetic field of the stator coil, and generates electricity by the principle of electromagnetic induction.

[0098] This type of power generation unit 200 can function as a mechanical wake-up switch for cold-starting (activating) the emergency subsystem 500. Specifically, it can use the momentary power generated when the user shakes the smartwatch vigorously to activate the NFC chip 141, refresh the sub-display 111 screen once to display emergency contacts, or briefly activate the beacon transmission module 510.

[0099] (Mobile devices with solar batteries) The mobile device of this disclosure is applicable to mobile devices having a solar battery. Even when the battery 10 of the mobile device having a solar battery is depleted, if the environment is such that the solar battery can generate power (outdoors, near a window, etc.), the emergency subsystem 500 can be operated using power from the solar battery. Therefore, for example, in situations where light is unavailable, such as at night or underground, the power generation unit 200 generated by the user's movement can be relied upon, and conversely, in situations where the user is stationary or unable to shake the mobile device 1, the solar battery can be relied upon. In this way, a power supply route in emergencies is established in a mutually complementary manner. As a result, the time and environment in which important zombie mode functions such as location information transmission via the beacon function and current location display via the sub-display 111 can be used is greatly expanded, resulting in an effect that further enhances the reliability of the device in extreme situations, and consequently, the user's chances of survival and sense of security.

[0100] (Mobile devices with low-power mode) Some mobile devices have a low-power mode (also known as reserve power mode). For example, the iPhone (registered trademark, hereafter the same) enters power-saving mode when the battery state of charge (SOC) falls below a first threshold TH1, and enters low-power mode when it falls below a second threshold TH2, which is lower than the first threshold TH1. In low-power mode, the NFC authentication function remains enabled, while other functions are disabled. In low-power mode, the NFC authentication function can be maintained for up to 5 hours.

[0101] Therefore, iPhone users can use NFC authentication to access payment and boarding eligibility verification services for up to 5 hours after their iPhone enters low power mode. This power management feature of the iPhone is well-regarded as an excellent feature that provides iPhone users with high convenience and peace of mind.

[0102] The mobile device described in this disclosure is applicable to mobile devices with a low-power mode, such as the iPhone mentioned above. By applying the mobile device described in this disclosure to, for example, an iPhone, even after more than 5 hours have passed since the iPhone entered low-power mode, users can still use payment authentication and boarding eligibility verification services through NFC authentication processing simply by shaking the iPhone. This allows iPhone users to use their iPhones more conveniently and with greater peace of mind.

[0103] In other words, even with an iPhone that has a low-power mode, if its reserve power is depleted, it becomes impossible to use services such as payment authentication and passenger eligibility verification authentication via NFC authentication processing. However, with an iPhone to which the mobile device 1 of this disclosure is applied, these services can be used even when the reserve power is depleted, thanks to zombie mode.

[0104] For example, in the case of FeliCa-based transportation IC cards (such as Apple Pay's Suica and Apple Pay's PASMO), power is supplied from an NFC reader / writer such as a ticket gate to the iPhone (specifically, the NFC chip 141 generates power by electromagnetic induction), and the iPhone responds to the NFC reader / writer using power from the NFC reader / writer (e.g., several hundred μW to several mW) (passive method). Therefore, the NFC-related circuits inside the iPhone (such as the SE chip 190) can operate with a small amount of reserve power in low-power mode (for example, if the transaction time is 0.1 to 0.2 seconds, a minimum of 0.1 to 0.2 mJ). However, when the reserve power is completely cut off, even if there is power from the NFC reader / writer, the iPhone becomes completely non-functional (dead). In contrast, an iPhone to which the mobile device 1 of this disclosure is applied will, even when the reserve power is completely cut off, start up (revive like a zombie) with power from the power generation unit 200 if the user performs an action such as shaking the iPhone. Then, by utilizing the power and NFC functionality supplied from the NFC chip 141, the SE chip 190 and the NFC utilization processing unit 191 perform predetermined processing, enabling the use of services such as payment authentication and passenger eligibility verification authentication.

[0105] Figure 5 shows the transition flow of operating modes in mobile device 1, which has a low-power mode and a zombie mode. Mobile device 1 operates in normal mode (step S2) if the State of Charge (SOC) of battery 10 is equal to or greater than the first threshold TH1 (step S1: YES). Mobile device 1 operates in power-saving mode (step S3) if the SOC of battery 10 falls below the first threshold TH1 (step S1: NO). Mobile device 1 operates in low-power mode (step S4) if the SOC of battery 10 falls below the second threshold TH2, which is lower than the first threshold TH1 (step S3: YES). In low-power mode, mobile device 1 operates using reserve power stored in a reserve power capacitor (hereinafter referred to as the "reserve power capacitor"). Mobile device 1 operates in zombie mode (step S6) if the reserve power is depleted (step S5: YES). In zombie mode, mobile device 1 operates using power stored in the sub-power storage unit 300 (power generated by the power generation unit 200). Mobile device 1 repeats the series of processes shown in Figure 5.

[0106] (A mobile device equipped with a sub-energy storage unit 300 as a backup power capacitor) For example, the iPhone's backup power capacitor can store tens to hundreds of microF of charge. Before entering low-power mode, the iPhone stores power (charge) in the backup power capacitor. Then, when it enters low-power mode, the discharge from the backup power capacitor enables the NFC authentication process.

[0107] The technical concept of this disclosure is applicable to mobile devices equipped with a backup power capacitor, such as the iPhone. Specifically, according to this disclosure, by making the sub-power storage unit 300, for example, the backup power capacitor of the iPhone, power generated by the user's actions can be stored in the backup power capacitor. Note that the backup power capacitor in existing iPhones is integrated into the PMIC and therefore cannot store power from the power generation unit 200, but an iPhone to which the mobile device of this disclosure is applied is configured to store power from the power generation unit 200 in the backup power capacitor.

[0108] Therefore, according to this disclosure, it is possible to realize an iPhone in which the reserve power is never completely depleted. This iPhone enters power-saving mode when the battery state of charge (SOC) falls below a first threshold TH1, and enters low-power mode when it falls below a second threshold TH2, which is lower than the first threshold TH1. In low-power mode, the NFC authentication processing function can be used without time limitations as long as the user is active. In other words, according to this disclosure, it is possible to realize an iPhone that continues to function even after death (Zombie iPhone).

[0109] Figure 6 shows the transition flow of operating modes in a mobile device 1 equipped with a sub-energy storage unit 300 as a backup power capacitor. The mobile device 1 operates in normal mode (step S2) if the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery 10 is equal to or greater than the first threshold TH1 (step S1: YES). The mobile device 1 operates in power-saving mode (step S3) if the SOC of the battery 10 falls below the first threshold TH1 (step S1: NO). The mobile device 1 operates in low-power mode (step S5) if the SOC of the battery 10 falls below the second threshold TH2, which is lower than the first threshold TH1 (step S4: YES). In low-power mode, the mobile device 1 operates using the power stored in the sub-energy storage unit 300. The power stored in the sub-energy storage unit 300 includes the power stored before entering low-power mode and the power generated by the power generation unit 200. In other words, in this case, zombie mode is included in low-power mode. Mobile device 1 repeats the series of processes shown in Figure 6.

[0110] By the way, on mobile devices equipped with the open-source operating system (OS) "Android" developed by Google (hereinafter referred to as "Android smartphones"), when the battery level becomes extremely low, it enters an ultra-low power mode that further reduces power consumption than power-saving mode. In ultra-low power mode, the NFC function can be maintained using the remaining power of the battery (equivalent to battery level 10), but if the battery runs out completely, the mobile device will completely cease to function.

[0111] The mobile device described herein is also applicable to Android smartphones. For example, mobile device 1 as an Android smartphone includes a battery 10, an NFC chip 141, an NFC utilization processing unit 191, and an SE chip 190. When the SOC of battery 10 falls below a first threshold TH1, it operates in power-saving mode, and when it falls below a second threshold TH2, it operates in ultra-low power mode. In ultra-low power mode, mobile device 1 operates using power stored in a sub-power storage unit 300. In this case, the power stored in the sub-power storage unit 300 includes power stored before entering ultra-low power mode and power generated by the power generation unit 200. That is, in this case, zombie mode is included in ultra-low power mode. The transition flow of operating modes in mobile device 1 in this case can be understood by replacing "low power mode" with "ultra-low power mode" in Figure 6.

[0112] With this configuration, in an ultra-low power mode where the charge state of the battery 10 falls below the second threshold TH2, it becomes possible to operate the mobile device 1 using power from the sub-energy storage unit 300.

[0113] This allows the device to continuously replenish power even in ultra-low power mode as long as the user is performing physical activities such as walking or shaking, significantly extending its operating time, or even maintaining it semi-permanently.

[0114] This disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications or alterations can be conceived within the scope of the claims for utility model registration, and these will naturally fall within the technical scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, the components of the embodiments described above may be combined in any way without departing from the spirit of this disclosure.

[0115] For example, the main display 110 may have the function of a triboelectric nano-generator (TENG). By having the function of a TENG, the main display 110 can generate both a signal and power simultaneously by the act of tapping a part of the main display 110 with a finger. For example, by configuring the system so that the power generated by the TENG is stored in the sub-power storage unit 300, the power generated by the TENG can be used to operate the emergency subsystem 500. This makes it possible to realize the ultimate passive interface, for example, by tapping the screen of the main display 110 (a completely dark screen) with a finger to send a rescue request signal.

[0116] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the emergency subsystem 500 is configured to operate using power from the power generation unit 200 only when the battery 10 is depleted. However, some functions of the emergency subsystem 500 may be configured to operate even when the battery 10 is not depleted. For example, by configuring the NFC chip 141 to be activated using power from the power generation unit 200 even in normal mode or power-saving mode, the battery life of the battery 10 can be improved, even if only slightly.

[0117] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the non-volatile display 111, NFC chip 141, GNSS module 160, and SE chip 190 are shared elements between the main system 100 and the emergency subsystem 500. However, at least one of these elements may be provided as a separate element by the main system 100 and the emergency subsystem 500, respectively.

[0118] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the SE chip 190 and the NFC utilization processing unit 191 may be integrated into a single element (chip).

[0119] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, when performing authentication processing using NFC, the energy generated by the NFC chip 141 is stored and increased in the sub-energy storage unit 300 before the NFC chip 141 is activated. However, even in a configuration without the sub-energy storage unit 300, it is theoretically possible to perform NFC authentication processing once with the energy generated by the NFC chip 141. The energy used by the SE chip 190 and the ultra-low power consumption MCU 520 for one authentication processing is about 0.1mJ to 0.2mJ (about a few mW), and the time required is about 100ms. This is because the energy that the NFC chip 141 can generate from the magnetic field of the NFC reader / writer in 100ms is about 0.1mJ to 0.5mJ.

[0120] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, when performing authentication processing using NFC only when the battery 10 is depleted, the power from the power generation unit 200 (power generated by the user's movement) is stored in the sub-power storage unit 300. However, it is desirable to have a configuration that allows even a small amount of the induced electromotive force of the NFC chip 141 (power obtained from an external NFC reader / writer) to be stored in the sub-power storage unit 300. With this configuration, even in situations where the power generated by the user's movement alone is insufficient to store enough power in the sub-power storage unit 300, the amount of power stored in the sub-power storage unit 300 can be supplemented by the power generated by the external NFC reader / writer. In other words, in a mobile device 1 capable of storing the induced electromotive force of the NFC chip 141 in a sub-power storage unit 300, by adopting a configuration that allows power from the power generation unit 200 (power generated by the user's movement) to be stored in the sub-power storage unit 300 immediately before the mobile device 1 is held over an NFC reader / writer, the time required for startup can be shortened compared to the case where the NFC chip 141 is started using only power obtained from an external NFC reader / writer.

[0121] The processing in the mobile device described in the above embodiment can be realized by executing a pre-prepared program on the mobile device, which acts as a computer. This program is, for example, stored in a computer-readable storage medium and executed by being read from the storage medium. Alternatively, this program may be provided in the form of a non-volatile (non-transient) storage medium such as flash memory, or it may be provided via a network such as the internet.

[0122] 3. Summary This specification discloses at least the following:

[0123] (01) A battery (battery 10) that can be recharged by an external power source, An NFC controller (NFC chip 141) performs short-range wireless communication with an external NFC reader / writer, A secure element (SE chip 190) that holds security information and performs authentication processing, A vibration power generation unit (power generation unit 200) that generates electricity from vibrations caused by the user's movements (shaking, walking, etc.), The system includes a backup power capacitor (sub-storage unit 300) for storing power from the vibration power generation unit, By operating the NFC controller and the secure element, it is possible to perform payment or ticket gate passage processing in express mode (payment or ticket gate passage processing by simply holding the device over the reader / writer) without requiring biometric authentication or passcode input. When the battery charge level falls below the first threshold (TH1), it enters power-saving mode, and when it falls below the second threshold (TH2), which is lower than the first threshold, it enters reserve power mode. In the power-saving mode, the express mode can be executed using the power of the battery. In the aforementioned reserve power mode (low power mode), the express mode can be executed using the power of the reserve power capacitor. An iPhone (mobile device) configured to be able to run the express mode using the power of the backup capacitor, even after the power of the backup capacitor has been depleted to the point where it can no longer maintain the backup power mode, by generating electricity with the vibration power generation unit and recharging the backup capacitor.

[0124] According to the iPhone related to (01), the following effects are produced. Main effect: In conventional iPhones, once the operating time of the Power Reserve function (for example, up to about 5 hours) has elapsed, when the remaining battery level that can be recharged by an external power source falls below a predetermined threshold, and even the reserve power is depleted, resulting in a complete shutdown (dead state), it becomes impossible to use NFC for payments or to pass through ticket gates. In contrast, the iPhone disclosed herein converts physical kinetic energy into electricity when the user performs actions such as "shaking" or "walking," and this is recharged into a reserve power capacitor (sub-storage unit). This stored electricity is used to activate and operate the NFC controller and secure element. As a result, even when the battery is completely depleted and charging from an external power source is not possible, it becomes possible to use essential functions for daily life, such as payments via Express Mode and passing through ticket gates, semi-permanently and without time constraints, triggered by the user's own movement.

[0125] Ensuring reliable starting power: Generally, instantaneous power generated by vibration is weak and unstable, and may be insufficient as inrush power to cold-start (start) digital circuits such as NFC controllers. However, in this disclosure, instead of directly supplying the power generated by the vibration power generation unit to the load, the power is first stored (pooled) in a backup power capacitor. This ensures that the threshold voltage and current necessary to start the circuit are reliably secured by accumulating sufficient charge in the backup power capacitor by having the user shake the iPhone multiple times, and then releasing that power all at once. As a result, even a small vibration power generation unit with low power generation capacity can reliably perform advanced processing such as NFC payment.

[0126] Impact on User Experience: According to this disclosure, even if the battery runs out in situations where there is no charging environment, such as during a disaster or while traveling for a long time, users can be reassured by the fact that they can "shake it to pass through the ticket gate" or "walk to buy water." This adds new value to the iPhone, making it more than just a communication device, but a survival tool that supports the user's survival and movement even when power is lost.

[0127] (02) A battery that can be recharged by an external power source, An NFC controller that performs short-range wireless communication with an external NFC reader / writer, A secure element that holds security information and performs authentication processing, A vibration power generation unit that generates electricity from vibrations caused by the user's movements, The system includes a backup power capacitor for temporarily storing power from the vibration power generation unit, By operating the NFC controller and the secure element, payment or gate passage processing can be performed simply by holding the device over the reader / writer, without requiring biometric authentication or passcode input. When the battery charge level falls below the first threshold, it enters power-saving mode, and when it falls below the second threshold (which is lower than the first threshold), it enters ultra-low power mode. In the aforementioned power-saving mode, payment or ticket gate passage processing can be performed using only the power of the battery by simply holding the reader / writer over it. In the aforementioned ultra-low power mode, payment or ticket gate passage processing can be performed simply by holding the reader / writer over the battery using the remaining residual power of the battery. An Android smartphone (mobile device) configured such that, even after the battery's power is completely depleted, including any remaining residual power, the vibration power generation unit generates electricity and the backup power capacitor recharges, thereby activating the NFC controller with the recharged power from the backup power capacitor, and enabling payment or ticket gate passage processing to be performed simply by holding the device over the reader / writer via the secure element.

[0128] According to the Android smartphone related to (02), the following effects are achieved. Autonomous maintenance of payment and authentication functions when the battery is completely depleted: In conventional Android smartphones, when the battery level drops to an extremely low level and the system shuts down, making it impossible to even maintain ultra-low power mode, or when the battery is completely discharged, the power supply to the NFC function (such as mobile payment function) is cut off, making it impossible to pass through ticket gates or make payments at stores. In contrast, in this disclosure, when the user shakes the Android smartphone or walks, the built-in vibration power generation unit converts physical kinetic energy into electricity and stores it in a backup power capacitor. Then, the NFC controller and secure element are activated using this stored power. As a result, even when the battery is completely depleted and charging from an external power source (mobile battery or outlet) is not possible immediately, the user's own movement can be used as a trigger to enable "tap-to-pay" (such as using transportation IC cards) that does not require screen unlocking or biometric authentication, without any time constraints.

[0129] Operational stability through reliable securing of starting power: Generally, the instantaneous power obtained by vibration power generation is weak and unstable, and may be insufficient as inrush power to cold start (start from a stopped state) semiconductor chips such as NFC controllers. However, in this disclosure, instead of directly consuming the power generated by the vibration power generation unit, a configuration is adopted in which the power is first recharged (pooled) into a backup power capacitor before being used. This ensures that the threshold voltage and current necessary to start the circuit are reliably secured by accumulating sufficient charge in the capacitor by the user shaking the Android smartphone multiple times, and then releasing that power all at once. As a result, even a small power generation unit with limited power generation capacity can reliably perform advanced communication processing such as NFC payment.

[0130] Enhanced reliability as a digital lifeline: According to this disclosure, even if an Android smartphone's battery runs out in situations where there is no charging environment, such as during a disaster, when stranded, or during long journeys, users can be reassured that they can "shake it to pass through the ticket gate" or "walk to go shopping." This adds new value to Android smartphones, making them more than just communication devices, but also serving as survival tools that support users' movement and survival (purchase of supplies) even when power is lost.

[0131] Effective utilization of existing contactless payment infrastructure: This disclosure does not require the introduction of new dedicated reader / writers or other equipment into the infrastructure. Because it utilizes carrier waves (magnetic fields) emitted from existing station ticket gates and store payment terminals, and is self-sufficient in generating the initial power (priming) needed to establish communication, it can significantly improve the convenience of Android smartphones without altering existing social infrastructure.

[0132] (1) A mobile device equipped with a battery that can be recharged by external power supply, and which operates using power from said battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity. A mobile device configured to operate using power from the power generation unit and perform predetermined functions when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

[0133] According to (1), when the remaining charge of the battery that can be recharged by external power supply (main battery) falls below a threshold, or when the power supply is cut off (so-called battery depletion state), it becomes possible to perform a predetermined function using the power generated by the power generation unit due to vibrations associated with the user's movement.

[0134] Normally, when a mobile device's battery power is depleted, all functions cease, and it cannot be restarted until an external power source is connected. However, according to this invention, by equipping the mobile device's casing with a power generation unit, as long as the user performs actions such as walking or shaking, the kinetic energy is converted into electricity, and the device can operate autonomously using that electricity.

[0135] This makes it possible to provide a mobile device that, even if the battery runs out in an environment where an external power source (such as a power outlet or mobile battery) cannot be secured, can maintain and execute predetermined necessary functions (specified functions) through the user's own actions.

[0136] (2) A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity from a magnetic field from an external device (an external NFC reader / writer) and performs short-range wireless communication with said external device, A mobile device having a processing unit for performing predetermined processing (such as payment authentication, passenger eligibility verification authentication, area access eligibility verification authentication, etc.) using power supplied from the aforementioned short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, The mobile device has a power generation unit located inside its casing that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements (walking or other movements, such as shaking the mobile device) into electricity. A mobile device configured such that the power generation unit converts the vibration into electricity immediately before the time when the short-range wireless communication unit should be activated, thereby enabling the short-range wireless communication unit to be activated by the power from the power generation unit.

[0137] According to (2), immediately before the short-range wireless communication unit should be activated (for example, immediately before the user holds the mobile device over a ticket gate or NFC reader / writer), the power generation unit converts vibrations caused by the user's movement into electricity. By using the electricity generated immediately before this, it becomes possible to activate the short-range wireless communication unit.

[0138] This means that, for example, even when there is no power supply from the battery (battery depleted), and the magnetic field from an external device alone is insufficient to start (wake up) the short-range wireless communication unit, the user can reliably start the short-range wireless communication unit by using their own kinetic energy as a trigger, such as by shaking the device just before use.

[0139] Once activated, the short-range wireless communication unit can generate power and communicate using a magnetic field from an external device. The processing unit can then utilize this power and functionality to complete predetermined processes (such as payment authentication and passenger eligibility verification). Therefore, it offers high convenience and reliability, allowing users to access important functions at any time through intuitive operation without worrying about battery life.

[0140] (3) A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity using a magnetic field from an external device and performs short-range wireless communication with said external device, A mobile device having a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the power generation unit, A mobile device configured to be able to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the aforementioned sub-power storage unit.

[0141] According to (3), the power generated by the power generation unit is temporarily stored in the sub-storage unit, and the power from this sub-storage unit is used to start the short-range wireless communication unit. This makes it possible to stably secure and supply the instantaneous power (peak power) necessary to start (wake up / one-shot start) the circuit of the short-range wireless communication unit by accumulating (pooling) charge in the sub-storage unit.

[0142] Therefore, even if there is a slight time lag between the user shaking the mobile device (generating power) and holding it over the NFC reader / writer (using the function), the function can still be used. Furthermore, even if sufficient power cannot be obtained with a single shake, the device can be reliably activated by accumulating charge through multiple shakes, thus improving the reliability and certainty of operation when the battery is depleted.

[0143] (4) In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity using a magnetic field from an external device and performs short-range wireless communication with said external device, A mobile device configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the power generation unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

[0144] According to (4), when the battery level falls below a threshold or the power supply is cut off, it becomes possible to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using the power generated by the power generation unit due to vibrations associated with the user's movement.

[0145] Generally, when a mobile device's battery is completely depleted (no backup power), the magnetic field power from an external device (NFC reader / writer) may not be sufficient to provide the inrush power needed to cold-start (activate) the stopped short-range wireless communication circuit, resulting in a lack of response.

[0146] However, according to (4), the circuit can be forcibly activated by converting the user's kinetic energy into electricity and injecting it as a trigger to activate the short-range wireless communication unit.

[0147] This makes it possible to reliably start up the short-range wireless communication unit, which can operate passively using an external magnetic field once it has been powered up, even when the battery is dead, and ensures that the communication function can be used through the user's active action (vibration).

[0148] (5) In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity using a magnetic field from an external device and performs short-range wireless communication with said external device, It has a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using the power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, A mobile device configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the power generation unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

[0149] According to (5), when the battery level falls below a threshold or the power supply is cut off (battery depleted), it becomes possible to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using the power generated by the power generation unit due to vibrations caused by the user's movement.

[0150] Furthermore, the system is configured such that the processing unit executes predetermined processes using the power supplied from the activated short-range wireless communication unit (for example, power generated by a magnetic field from an external device) and its communication function. This allows not only the short-range wireless communication circuit to be powered up and activated, but also to perform specific functions using that communication (such as calculations, data processing, or authentication by the processing unit) without relying on battery power.

[0151] Therefore, triggered by user actions (e.g., shaking), a series of operations from establishing communication to actually using the service (executing a predetermined process) can be performed autonomously in an environment without external power supply (such as a power outlet), significantly increasing the usefulness of the device when the battery is depleted.

[0152] (6) In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity using a magnetic field from an external device and performs short-range wireless communication with said external device, The processing unit has power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and a processing unit that performs authentication processing using the functions of the short-range wireless communication unit, A mobile device configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the power generation unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

[0153] According to (6), when the battery level falls below a threshold or the power supply is cut off (battery depleted), it becomes possible to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using the power generated by the power generation unit due to vibrations caused by the user's movement.

[0154] In particular, the mobile device according to this claim is equipped with a processing unit that performs authentication processing using short-range wireless communication. This makes it possible to complete rigorous authentication processes that require not only simple data transmission but also cooperation with security elements (such as SE chips), such as payment authentication (shopping), passenger eligibility verification authentication (passing through station ticket gates), or area access eligibility verification authentication (unlocking electronic locks), without relying on battery power.

[0155] Therefore, even in the emergency situation of a dead battery, users can pass through station ticket gates or make payments at stores simply by shaking their mobile device, thus avoiding critical problems in daily life such as being unable to move or pay. This provides an extremely high level of convenience and peace of mind.

[0156] (7) A battery that can be recharged by power supply from an external source to a mobile device, The aforementioned mobile device includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the power generation unit, When the battery charge level falls below a first threshold, it enters power-saving mode; when the battery charge level falls below a second threshold lower than the first threshold, it enters reserve power mode; and when the battery power is depleted to the point where it can no longer maintain reserve power mode, it enters zombie mode. In the aforementioned zombie mode, the mobile device operates using power from the sub-power storage unit.

[0157] According to (7), the power management configuration has a stepwise transition from power saving mode (below the first threshold), reserve power mode (below the second threshold), and zombie mode depending on the battery charge state.

[0158] In particular, (7) is characterized by the fact that, when the battery (and existing reserve power) is completely depleted to the point where it can no longer maintain reserve power mode, it does not shut down but instead transitions to zombie mode. In zombie mode, it switches to power from a sub-energy storage unit independent of the battery system (power generated and stored by the user's movements) and operates.

[0159] As a result, while conventional smartphones become completely dead (just a slab) once their backup power runs out, the mobile device of this invention can revive like a zombie and continue to operate even after becoming dead. Therefore, even in extreme situations where even the backup power is depleted, the user can maintain the device's functionality semi-permanently as long as they continue to generate power through their own movements (shaking, etc.), providing ultimate redundancy and peace of mind.

[0160] (8) A battery that can be recharged by power supply from an external source to a mobile device, The aforementioned mobile device includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the power generation unit, When the battery charge level falls below a first threshold, it enters power-saving mode, and when the battery charge level falls below a second threshold that is lower than the first threshold, it enters reserve power mode. In the aforementioned backup power mode, the mobile device can operate using power from the sub-power storage unit.

[0161] According to (8), in reserve power mode (low power mode) when the battery charge level falls below the second threshold, it becomes possible to operate the mobile device using power from the sub-energy storage unit.

[0162] Conventional mobile devices (e.g., typical smartphones) have a limited power reserve mode because it relies on the battery's residual power or temporary capacitor capacity, resulting in a physical limit to their operating time (e.g., a few hours). However, according to (8), a sub-storage unit that can be constantly charged by the user's movement can be used as a power source in the power reserve mode.

[0163] This allows the device to continuously replenish power even in reserve power mode as long as the user is performing physical activities such as walking or shaking, significantly extending or even maintaining its operating time almost indefinitely.

[0164] Therefore, users can utilize essential functions such as short-range wireless communication (for payment and passing through ticket gates, etc.) for longer periods and more stably, without having to worry about the remaining time in reserve power mode, while generating the necessary power through their own movements.

[0165] (9) A battery that can be recharged by external power supply, A main system that operates using power from the aforementioned battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the aforementioned power generation unit, A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity using a magnetic field from an external device and performs short-range wireless communication with said external device, It has a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using the power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, A mobile device comprising: an emergency subsystem configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the sub-power storage unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

[0166] According to (9), the system is configured to include an emergency subsystem powered by a power generation unit and a sub-storage unit, separate from the main system powered by a battery. This establishes a dual system configuration in which the power grid and control system are independent of each other.

[0167] Specifically, even if the main system completely ceases to function (dead state) due to the battery level falling below a threshold, the emergency subsystem can use the sub-power storage unit (power stored by the user's movements) to activate the short-range wireless communication unit.

[0168] As a result, even when the main CPU or OS is down, the emergency subsystem can work in conjunction with the short-range wireless communication unit and processing unit to autonomously perform predetermined processes such as payment and authentication. Therefore, it can provide extremely high robustness and practicality, ensuring the last mile of communication and authentication functions in emergencies, regardless of the operating status of the main system.

[0169] (10) In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A location information acquisition unit that acquires current location information, It has a bistability display device, A mobile device configured to operate the location information acquisition unit and the bistable display device using power from the power generation unit when the remaining battery level falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted, thereby enabling the display of the location information on the bistable display device.

[0170] According to (10), when the battery level falls below a threshold or the power supply is cut off (battery depleted), it becomes possible to use the power generated by the power generation unit due to vibrations associated with the user's movement to acquire the current location information and display that information on the bistable display device.

[0171] Bistable display devices (such as e-paper and cholesteric liquid crystal displays) have the characteristic of being able to retain their display content semi-permanently even if the power supply is cut off, once the screen has been rewritten. This means that even in extreme situations where the battery is completely depleted, such as during a disaster or a mountain rescue, the user can simply shake the mobile device to display and fix the current accurate location information (latitude, longitude, or map fragments, etc.) on the screen as if imprinting it.

[0172] Therefore, users can rely on the displayed location information to confirm evacuation routes and accurately communicate their current location when requesting rescue, without having to constantly consume power. This improves their chances of survival in emergencies and provides them with a sense of psychological security knowing their location.

[0173] (11) In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A location information acquisition unit that acquires current location information, The system includes a beacon transmitting module that transmits a beacon signal containing the aforementioned location information, A mobile device configured to operate the location information acquisition unit and the beacon transmission module using power from the power generation unit when the remaining battery level falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted, thereby enabling the transmission of a beacon signal containing the location information.

[0174] According to (11), when the battery level falls below a threshold or the power supply is cut off (battery depleted), it becomes possible to acquire the current location information using the power generated by the power generation unit due to vibrations caused by the user's movement, and to transmit a beacon signal containing that information.

[0175] Normally, when a smartphone's battery runs out, all means of communication are cut off. However, according to this invention, as long as the user performs actions such as walking or shaking, the kinetic energy is converted into electricity, and the user can continuously transmit their location information, such as latitude and longitude, intermittently to the surroundings using a low-power communication method (such as BLE).

[0176] This makes it possible to continuously transmit a survival signal (SOS) and precise location to rescue teams and nearby receivers, even in extreme situations such as mountain accidents or large-scale disasters where power supply is difficult to obtain and cell phone base stations may not be functioning. Therefore, it significantly increases the possibility of early detection and rescue in emergencies, and provides users with a sense of psychological security by making them feel connected to the outside world.

[0177] (12) The sub-energy storage unit is configured to store not only the power generated by the power generation unit, but also the power generated by the short-range wireless communication unit from the magnetic field before it is started up. A mobile device according to (3) or (9), configured to activate the near-field wireless communication unit using the power generated by the power generation unit and stored in the sub-power storage unit immediately before the mobile device approaches the NFC reader / writer, and the induced electromotive force generated in the near-field wireless communication unit and stored in the sub-power storage unit when the mobile device approaches the NFC reader / writer.

[0178] According to (12), it produces the following remarkable effects: Improved Startup Reliability (Fail-Safe) through Hybrid Energy Storage: In the mobile device described in (12), even if the user's movement (shaking motion) is insufficient or short enough, and vibration power generation alone does not generate enough power in the sub-energy storage to start the near-field communication unit (NFC controller), the induced electromotive force from the NFC reader / writer generated the moment the device is held over a ticket gate or cash register will immediately compensate for the deficiency (assist). This ensures that even if the power generation from either source is insufficient, the combined power from both sources will reliably meet the required startup power, preventing errors in payment and ticket gate passage.

[0179] Dramatic reduction in NFC activation time through pre-charging (improved UX): If a completely stopped NFC controller is to be started from scratch using only the induced electromotive force from the NFC reader / writer, it would be necessary to hold the reader (keep holding it over) for several seconds until charge accumulates in the sub-power storage unit, hindering smooth passage through ticket gates. However, with this configuration, a certain amount of power (base power) can be "pre-charged" into the sub-power storage unit by the "shaking" motion just before use. As a result, the remaining power needed at the moment of contact only needs to be instantly supplemented by the induced electromotive force, bringing the time lag as close to zero as possible and providing a user experience of "tap and pass through in an instant," just like under normal circumstances.

[0180] (13) The mobile device according to (3) or (9), further comprising an active rectifier circuit using an active element that performs rectification even when the voltage of the power generated by the power generation unit is less than a threshold voltage for rectification, and configured such that the power rectified by the active rectifier circuit is stored in the sub-power storage unit.

[0181] According to (13), it produces the following remarkable effects: Recovery of weak vibration energy and dramatic improvement in power generation efficiency: The mobile device in (13) is configured to perform rectification using an active rectifier circuit with active elements (MOS-FETs, etc.) even when the voltage of the AC power generated by the power generation unit is below the threshold voltage (forward voltage drop: approximately 0.6V) in a typical diode rectifier. In conventional passive rectifier circuits, voltages below the threshold were wasted as "dead power," but in (13), this threshold can be reduced to the absolute minimum (effectively close to 0V). As a result, even weak power with low voltage generated by starting or ending walking, or slow movements, can be converted to DC without loss and stored in the sub-energy storage unit, dramatically improving energy recovery efficiency (harvesting efficiency).

[0182] Ensuring practicality in everyday activities (such as walking): Compared to the action of a user consciously shaking the device vigorously, the vibrations associated with everyday "walking" are small in amplitude and irregular, and the voltage generated tends to be low. With the configuration of (13), power can be efficiently stored even in such low-voltage environments, so even if the user does not frantically shake the device, there is a high possibility that the power necessary for zombie mode (NFC activation) will naturally accumulate in the sub-storage unit just by walking. This is extremely useful in reducing the physical burden on the user in emergencies and increasing the survival rate of the device.

[0183] Reduced charging time to start up: The active rectifier circuit efficiently converts all vibrations into power, significantly reducing the time (charging time) it takes for the sub-capacitor to reach the required voltage to start up the NFC controller in the short-range wireless communication unit. This reduces the waiting time from when the user starts power generation until the function is actually available, such as when passing through a ticket gate with a dead battery, providing a stress-free and smooth user experience.

[0184] (14) The aforementioned power generation unit is A mobile device according to any one of (1) to (13), having a power generation element that generates electricity due to the relative displacement between one electrode and the other electrode.

[0185] According to (14), the power generation unit generates electricity (electrostatic power generation) when one electrode and the other electrode of the power generation element unit are displaced relative to each other due to vibrations caused by the user's movement. This structure allows for highly efficient conversion of mechanical energy from the user's movement into electrical energy. As a result, even when the battery is depleted, a mobile device can be provided that can stably perform predetermined functions using power generated by the user's walking or other actions.

[0186] (15) The mobile device according to (14), wherein the power generation element is a MEMS structure having a fixed comb-tooth electrode as one electrode and a movable comb-tooth electrode as the other electrode, and an electret film that semi-permanently retains electric charge is formed on at least one surface of the fixed comb-tooth electrode or the movable comb-tooth electrode.

[0187] According to (15), by employing a MEMS structure having fixed comb-tooth electrodes and movable comb-tooth electrodes as the power generation element, and forming an electret film that semi-permanently retains charge on the electrode surface, an electrostatic induction type power generation element can be realized in an extremely small and thin form. With this structure, when the fixed comb-tooth electrodes and movable comb-tooth electrodes are displaced relative to each other due to vibration, power is efficiently generated by electrostatic induction between them and the charge held by the electret film, enabling high power generation efficiency while supporting the thinning of mobile devices. As a result, even when the battery is depleted, a mobile device can be provided that can more stably perform predetermined functions using power obtained from the user's movements such as walking.

[0188] (16) The aforementioned power generation unit is The mobile device according to (14), having a vibration amplification mechanism that sustains and amplifies the vibration of the relative displacement in response to vibration input associated with the user's movement.

[0189] According to (16), compared to the case without a vibration amplification mechanism, it is possible to improve the power generation performance from the user's movement and to stably secure power when the battery is depleted. As a result, even when the battery is depleted, it is possible to provide a mobile device that can more stably perform predetermined functions using power obtained from the user's movements such as walking.

[0190] (17) An acceleration sensor for detecting vibrations, It includes an ultra-low power controller that performs processing to maximize the power generation efficiency of the power generation unit, The mobile device according to (14), wherein the ultra-low power controller performs resonance point tracking control (for example, by controlling the voltage between electrodes to change the electrostatic attraction) so that the peak frequency of vibration detected by the acceleration sensor matches the vibration frequency (natural frequency) of the relative displacement.

[0191] According to (17), the ultra-low power controller dynamically performs resonance point tracking control by adjusting the electrical load and changing the electrostatic attraction force (electrostatic spring constant) so that the effective resonance frequency of the vibration power generation unit matches the peak frequency of external vibration detected by the acceleration sensor. This dynamic resonance frequency tracking function enables the power generation unit to continuously extract electrical energy at maximum efficiency from vibration sources that are constantly changing, such as walking rhythms, and ensures stable power with minimal fluctuations to enable the execution of predetermined functions even when the battery is depleted. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0192] 1 Mobile device 10 batteries 100 Main System 110 Main Display 111 Sub-display (non-volatile display) 121 Front Camera 122 Rear Camera 123 Flash 140 Communications Department 141 NFC chip (Near Field Communication unit) 160 GNSS module 170 Storage device 180 Main Control Unit 190 SE chip 191 NFC Utilization Processing Unit 195 Accelerometer 200 Power Generation Unit 210 Power generation element section 211f Fixed comb electrode 212m movable comb electrode 220 Electret membrane 230 Vibration Amplification Mechanism 300 Sub-energy storage unit 400 PMIC 500 Emergency Subsystems 510 Beacon Transmitter Module 520 Ultra-low power MCU

Claims

1. A mobile device equipped with a battery that can be recharged by external power supply, and which operates using power from said battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity. A mobile device configured to operate using power from the power generation unit and perform predetermined functions when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

2. A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity from a magnetic field from an external NFC reader / writer and performs short-range wireless communication with the NFC reader / writer, A mobile device having a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, The mobile device has a power generation unit installed inside its casing that converts vibrations caused by the user's movements into electricity. A mobile device configured such that the power generation unit converts the vibrations into electricity immediately before the time when the short-range wireless communication unit should be activated, thereby enabling the short-range wireless communication unit to be activated by the power from the power generation unit.

3. A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity from a magnetic field from an external NFC reader / writer and performs short-range wireless communication with the NFC reader / writer, A mobile device having a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the power generation unit, A mobile device configured to be able to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the aforementioned sub-power storage unit.

4. In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity from a magnetic field from an external NFC reader / writer and performs short-range wireless communication with the NFC reader / writer, A mobile device configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the power generation unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

5. In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity from a magnetic field from an external NFC reader / writer and performs short-range wireless communication with the NFC reader / writer, It has a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using the power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, A mobile device configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the power generation unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

6. In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity from a magnetic field from an external NFC reader / writer and performs short-range wireless communication with the NFC reader / writer, The processing unit has power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and a processing unit that performs authentication processing using the functions of the short-range wireless communication unit, A mobile device configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the power generation unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

7. A battery that can be recharged by power supply from an external source to a mobile device, The aforementioned mobile device includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the power generation unit, When the battery charge level falls below a first threshold, it enters power-saving mode; when the battery charge level falls below a second threshold lower than the first threshold, it enters reserve power mode; and when the battery power is depleted to the point where it can no longer maintain reserve power mode, it enters zombie mode. In the aforementioned zombie mode, the mobile device operates using power from the sub-power storage unit.

8. A battery that can be recharged by power supply from an external source to a mobile device, The aforementioned mobile device includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, It has a sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the power generation unit, When the battery charge level falls below a first threshold, it enters power-saving mode, and when the battery charge level falls below a second threshold which is lower than the first threshold, it enters reserve power mode. In the aforementioned backup power mode, the mobile device can operate using power from the sub-power storage unit.

9. A battery that can be recharged by external power supply, A main system that operates using power from the aforementioned battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A sub-energy storage unit that stores electricity from the aforementioned power generation unit, A short-range wireless communication unit that generates electricity from a magnetic field from an external NFC reader / writer and performs short-range wireless communication with the NFC reader / writer, It has a processing unit for performing predetermined processing using the power supplied from the short-range wireless communication unit and the functions of short-range wireless communication, A mobile device comprising: an emergency subsystem configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using power from the sub-power storage unit when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted.

10. In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A location information acquisition unit that acquires current location information, It has a bistability display device, A mobile device configured to operate the location information acquisition unit and the bistable display device using power from the power generation unit when the remaining battery level falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted, thereby enabling the display of the location information on the bistable display device.

11. In a mobile device equipped with a rechargeable battery supplied from an external source and powered by that battery, The mobile device's casing includes a power generation unit that converts vibrations generated by the user's movements into electricity, A location information acquisition unit that acquires current location information, The system includes a beacon transmitting module that transmits a beacon signal containing the aforementioned location information, A mobile device configured to operate the location information acquisition unit and the beacon transmission module using power from the power generation unit when the remaining battery level falls below a threshold or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted, thereby enabling the transmission of a beacon signal containing the location information.

12. The sub-energy storage unit is configured to store not only the power generated by the power generation unit, but also the power generated by the short-range wireless communication unit from the magnetic field before it is started up. The mobile device according to claim 3 or 9, wherein, when the remaining charge of the battery falls below a predetermined threshold, or when the power supply from the battery is interrupted, the mobile device is configured to activate the short-range wireless communication unit using the power generated by the power generation unit and stored in the sub-power storage unit immediately before the mobile device approaches the NFC reader / writer, and the induced electromotive force generated in the short-range wireless communication unit and stored in the sub-power storage unit when the mobile device approaches the NFC reader / writer.

13. The mobile device according to claim 3 or 9, further comprising an active rectifier circuit using an active element that performs rectification even when the voltage of the power generated by the power generation unit is less than a threshold voltage for rectification, and configured such that the power rectified by the active rectifier circuit is stored in the sub-power storage unit.

Images