Liquid ammonia phase change cooled hybrid power thermal management system

Abstract

To provide a liquid ammonia phase-change cooling type hybrid power thermal management system.SOLUTION: A liquid ammonia phase-change cooling type hybrid power thermal management system comprises an injector, a liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system, a liquid ammonia common rail pipe, a fuel common rail pipe and a fuel tank. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system comprises a liquid ammonia storage tank, an ammonia pumping system, a flow dividing system and an ammonia inlet and outlet system. The fuel common rail pipe is connected with the fuel tank and a one-way fuel inlet of the injector. The liquid ammonia common rail pipe is connected with the ammonia inlet and outlet system and a one-way ammonia inlet of the injector. The inside of the ammonia inlet and outlet system is provided with an ammonia inlet pipe and an ammonia return pipe. The ammonia pumping system includes a liquid ammonia storage and flow divider, a low pressure pump and a high pressure pump. The flow dividing system includes a storage tank, an ammonia inlet control valve, and an ammonia outlet control valve.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to engines, and in particular to hybrid engines. [Background technology]

[0002] In the context of green and low-carbon ships, ship development has entered a critical period of transformation and upgrading. Future ships will require high flexibility in power, and power flexibility includes power units with flexible configurations, fuel supply and injection system flexibility, and fuel storage, barge transportation, and refueling flexibility. In the development of ships, power diversity and fuel diversity are inevitable trends, so the research and development of low-carbon clean fuel supply and injection systems for ships is an important means to meet current and future technological development needs and improve technological innovation, product competitiveness, and enterprise influence. Ammonia, one of the typical low-carbon fuels, has a larger energy storage capacity, is easier to store and transport, and has a mature supply chain compared to hydrogen fuel, making it one of the major low-carbon energy sources.

[0003] As new alternative fuels, ammonia fuel and other fuels have the common characteristics of low viscosity, low flash point (liquid fuel), low carbon, and low emissions, so existing equipment, especially fuel supply and injection systems, need to carry out very large-scale technical upgrades and modifications to meet the needs of new fuels. At the same time, it is worth noting that from the perspective of engine combustion emissions, new alternative fuels have a very large potential for emission reduction, but from the perspective of the entire fuel life cycle, existing alternative fuels need to solve the problem of green renewable energy, which has brought about the transformation of the entire energy industry chain. At present, the world still does not have a mature ammonia-fueled power unit, and the ammonia-fueled engine improved from the diesel engine has problems such as low volumetric efficiency, low combustion effect, low thermal efficiency and energy utilization rate, which limits its popularity and application.

[0004] In contrast, the present invention adopts the combustion mode of diesel ignition, designs an ammonia fuel injection system so that ammonia fuel is injected into the cylinder in liquid form under high pressure, improves the compression ratio of the engine operation, and effectively improves the thermal efficiency. Compared with previous invention patents, the present invention innovatively designs a double-acting heat pump module based on the liquid ammonia phase change principle, which firstly, can effectively solve the problem of cold starting of the engine in low temperature conditions, and secondly, reduces the power consumption of the compressor, realizes the utilization of residual heat, and improves the utilization rate of energy. At the same time, the present invention provides a practical application path for ammonia fuel, and one ammonia can be used for three purposes: fuel for the power unit, refrigerant for the cooling system, and reducing agent for the exhaust aftertreatment module. Improving engine emission performance is gradually moving towards the maximum reduction of carbon emissions while ensuring power and economy. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a liquid ammonia phase change cooling hybrid thermal management system that can effectively solve the problem of engine cold start in low temperature conditions, reduce the power consumption of the compressor, realize the utilization of residual heat, and improve the utilization rate of energy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows. The liquid ammonia phase change cooling hybrid thermal management system of the present invention includes an injector, a liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system, a liquid ammonia common rail pipe, a fuel common rail pipe, and a fuel tank. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage tank, an ammonia pump system, a flow dividing system, and an ammonia delivery system. The fuel common rail pipe is connected to the fuel tank and the one-way fuel injection port of the injector, respectively. The liquid ammonia common rail pipe is connected to the ammonia delivery system and the one-way ammonia injection port of the injector, respectively. The ammonia delivery system includes an ammonia injection pipe and an ammonia return pipe. the stem includes a liquid ammonia storage divider, a low pressure pump, and a high pressure pump; the divider system includes a storage tank, an ammonia injection control valve, a safety valve, and an ammonia discharge control valve; the outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the low pressure pump, the high pressure pump, the liquid ammonia storage divider, the storage tank, and the ammonia injection control valve; the ammonia injection control valve is connected to the liquid ammonia common rail pipe via an ammonia injection pipe; the inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the ammonia return control valve and the safety valve; the safety valve is connected to the injector via an ammonia return pipe; and the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to the hydrogen storage tank and the nitrogen storage tank, respectively.

[0007] The present invention further includes: 1. The injector includes an injector body, a liquid ammonia injection unit, and a diesel injection unit, the liquid ammonia injection unit and the diesel injection unit are respectively located in the injector body, the liquid ammonia injection unit includes a booster module set from top to bottom, a first pressure accumulation resonant flow restriction module, a super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator, and a phase change controllable super atomization nozzle module, and the diesel injection unit includes a second pressure accumulation resonant flow restriction module set from top to bottom, an auxiliary booster module, a pressure balanced electromagnetic control actuator, and a needle valve eccentric self-adjusting nozzle.

[0008] 2. The booster module includes a booster magnetic yoke, a booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole, a main booster piston, a booster armature, a booster limit block, a booster double-seal valve stem, a booster upper valve stem seat, and a booster lower valve stem seat. The booster armature is sleeved on the upper part of the booster double-seal valve stem, and a booster return spring is installed between the booster magnetic yoke and the booster armature. The booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole is installed on the outer side of the booster return spring, and a coil is wound on the booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole. The middle part of the booster double-seal valve stem is located in the booster upper valve stem seat, the lower part of the booster double-seal valve stem is located in the booster lower valve stem seat, and the middle part of the booster double-seal valve stem is connected to the booster valve stem return. a main booster piston is sleeved on the outside of the main booster piston; a communicating ammonia return channel is provided in the upper booster valve stem seat; an ammonia injection channel and a middle pipeline are provided in the lower booster valve stem seat; and the space in the lower booster valve stem seat where the booster double seal protrusion is located is a space connected to the middle pipeline.

[0009] 3. The first pressure accumulation resonance flow restriction module includes a resonance block, a middle block, a diamond seal block, a flow restriction piston, and a pressure accumulation valve seat. A pressure accumulation cavity is installed in the injector body below the main booster piston. A one-way ammonia injection port is installed on the side wall of the pressure accumulation cavity. A liquid cooling tube inlet is arranged on the top of the injector body, and the liquid cooling tube inlet is connected to the pressure accumulation cavity. A resonance block, a middle block, a diamond seal block, and a pressure accumulation valve seat are sequentially installed below the pressure accumulation cavity. A flow restriction piston is installed in the pressure accumulation valve seat. A middle block return spring is installed in the middle block. An ammonia injection hole and a resonance block ammonia injection path orifice hole are respectively installed at the bottom of the middle block. The diamond seal block is located above the flow restriction piston, a middle hole is installed in the flow restriction piston, a flow restriction piston return spring is installed below the flow restriction piston, and a storage cavity is installed below the flow restriction piston return spring.

[0010] 4. A first ammonia injection path, a second ammonia injection path, a first ammonia injection cavity, a second ammonia injection cavity, a first ammonia discharge flow path, and a second ammonia discharge flow path are respectively installed in the resonating block, the first ammonia injection cavity is connected to the first ammonia injection path and the first ammonia discharge flow path, the second ammonia injection cavity is connected to the second ammonia injection path and the second ammonia discharge flow path, the first ammonia injection cavity and the second ammonia injection cavity are connected via a communication hole, the first ammonia injection cavity is connected to the first ammonia injection path via a first ammonia orifice hole, the first ammonia injection cavity is connected to the pressure storage cavity via the second ammonia orifice hole, and the first ammonia injection path and the second ammonia injection path are connected to the pressure storage cavity.

[0011] 5. The super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator includes a super-magnetic hysteresis main / auxiliary pole, a magnetic hysteresis seat, a super-magnetic hysteresis upper valve stem, a super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve, and a super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve. A coil is wound in the super-magnetic hysteresis main / auxiliary pole, a super-magnetic hysteresis material is installed in the through hole of the super-magnetic hysteresis main / auxiliary pole, and a magnetic hysteresis seat, a super-magnetic hysteresis upper valve stem, a super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve, and a super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve are sequentially installed below the super-magnetic hysteresis material. The pet valve is located in the cavity of the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve, a super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve return spring is installed below the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve, a fuel return path and a fuel injection path are installed in the injector body where the super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator is arranged, the fuel return path is connected to the cavity of the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve, a super-magnetic hysteresis cone valve fuel injection hole is installed in the shell of the super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve outside the super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve, and the super-magnetic hysteresis cone valve fuel injection hole is connected to the fuel injection path.

[0012] 6. The phase change controllable super atomization nozzle module includes a super atomization nozzle body, a super atomization valve seat, a static leakage-free cylinder, a super atomization needle valve body, and a super atomization control valve, in which the super atomization valve seat is located in the super atomization nozzle body, the static leakage-free cylinder and the super atomization needle valve body are located in the super atomization valve seat, the head part of the super atomization needle valve body is located in the static leakage-free cylinder, and a super atomization needle valve body return spring is located between the middle part of the super atomization needle valve body and the static leakage-free cylinder. a static leakage-free cylinder; an ammonia storage cavity is formed between the super-atomization needle valve body and the super-atomization valve seat; a liquid-cooled working medium inlet pipeline and a liquid-cooled working medium outlet pipeline are formed between the super-atomization valve seat and the super-atomization nozzle body; the bottom of the super-atomization needle valve body and the bottom of the super-atomization valve seat form a super-atomization jet flow channel; the ammonia storage cavity and the storage cavity are connected; and a super-atomization control cavity is formed between the top end of the super-atomization needle valve body and the injector body above it.

[0013] 7. The second pressure accumulation resonant flow restriction module has the same structure as the first pressure accumulation resonant flow restriction module, and is installed in parallel in the injector body.

[0014] 8. The auxiliary booster module includes an auxiliary booster magnetic yoke, an auxiliary booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole, an auxiliary booster piston, an auxiliary booster armature, an auxiliary booster limit block, an auxiliary booster double-seal valve stem, an auxiliary booster upper valve stem seat, and an auxiliary booster lower valve stem seat; the auxiliary booster armature is sleeved on the upper part of the auxiliary booster double-seal valve stem; an auxiliary booster return spring is installed between the auxiliary booster magnetic yoke and the auxiliary booster armature; the auxiliary booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole is installed on the outer side of the auxiliary booster return spring; a coil is wound on the auxiliary booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole; the middle part of the auxiliary booster double-seal valve stem is located in the auxiliary booster upper valve stem seat; the lower part of the auxiliary booster double-seal valve stem is located in the auxiliary booster lower valve stem seat; the auxiliary booster valve stem return spring is sleeved on the middle part of the auxiliary booster double-seal valve stem; an auxiliary booster double-seal protrusion is installed between the middle and bottom of the auxiliary booster double-seal valve stem; the auxiliary booster upper valve stem seat and the auxiliary booster lower valve stem seat corresponding to the auxiliary booster piston are both provided with sealing surfaces; the auxiliary booster piston is located below the auxiliary booster lower valve stem seat; an auxiliary booster piston return spring is sleeved on the outside of the auxiliary booster piston; a return pipeline is provided within the auxiliary booster upper valve stem seat; an auxiliary booster fuel passage and an auxiliary booster communicating channel are provided within the lower valve stem seat; the auxiliary booster fuel passage communicates with the fuel injection channel and the lower side of the auxiliary booster double seal protrusion respectively; the space where the booster double seal protrusion is provided is a communicating space; the auxiliary booster communicating channel communicates with the communicating space and the upper side of the auxiliary booster piston respectively; a sealing ball is provided in the fuel injection channel;

[0015] 9. The pressure-balanced electromagnetic control actuator includes a pressure-controlled main / auxiliary pole, a pressure-controlled armature, and a balance valve stem, the upper part of the balance valve stem is installed in the pressure-controlled main / auxiliary pole, the lower part of the balance valve stem is located in the pressure-controlled armature, the pressure-controlled armature is located below the pressure-controlled main / auxiliary pole, the upper section of a pressure-controlled fuel return hole and the lower section of a pressure-controlled fuel return hole are installed below the pressure-controlled armature and the balance valve stem, the upper section of the pressure-controlled fuel return hole and the lower section of the pressure-controlled fuel return hole are connected through a pressure-controlled fuel return orifice hole, and the lower section of the pressure-controlled fuel return hole is connected to the fuel injection pipeline through a pressure-controlled fuel injection orifice hole.

[0016] 10. The needle valve eccentric self-adjusting nozzle includes an eccentric self-adjusting middle block, an eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body, an eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body shell, an eccentric self-adjusting valve block and an eccentric self-adjusting nozzle body, wherein the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body is located in the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body shell, the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body is located in the eccentric self-adjusting nozzle body, the pressure-controlled fuel return hole lower section is located in the eccentric self-adjusting middle block, the lower end of the eccentric self-adjusting middle block is connected to the eccentric self-adjusting valve block, and the top of the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body is connected to the eccentric self-adjusting nozzle body. Located in the adjusting valve block, an eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body, the eccentric self-adjusting valve block and the eccentric self-adjusting middle block form an eccentric self-adjusting control cavity between them, the eccentric self-adjusting control cavity communicates with the lower section of the pressure-controlled fuel return hole, an eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body protrusion is installed in the middle of the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body, an eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body return spring is sleeved above the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body protrusion, the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body is an eccentric structure, a part of which is attached to the inner wall of the eccentric self-adjusting needle valve body shell outside it.

[0017] 11, further including a hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system including a stack anode, a stack cathode, a hydrogen inlet, a nitrogen inlet, and an air inlet, the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet, the nitrogen storage tank is connected to the nitrogen inlet, the hydrogen inlet and the nitrogen inlet are merged and then passed through a hydrogen filter, a first shutoff valve, a high-pressure gas injection valve, a jet pump, and a hydrogen circulation pump to be supplied to the stack anode, the exhaust gas of the stack anode passes through a water separator, and is discharged through a drain valve and an exhaust valve respectively; the air passes through an air filter, an air compressor, a first intercooler, a humidifier, and a second shutoff valve to be supplied to the stack cathode.

[0018] 12, further comprising a cooling system, comprising a water tank, a first radiator, a first deionizer, a first heater, a second intercooler, and a first cooling connection port, the first radiator, the first deionizer, the first heater, the second intercooler, and the first cooling connection port are connected in parallel to form a first cooling unit, the water tank is connected to the first cooling unit, the cooling connection port is connected to the cooling water outlet, and the first cooling unit is connected to the outlet through a drain valve; the second cooling unit is installed symmetrically with the first cooling unit, the second cooling unit comprises a second radiator, a second deionizer, a second heater, a third intercooler, and a second cooling connection port, and the arrangement of the second cooling unit is the same and symmetrical with the first cooling unit.

[0019] 13, further including a double-acting heat pump, the double-acting heat pump including a liquid ammonia inlet, a three-way valve, a low-power compressor, a high-power compressor, a cooling heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger and a third radiator, the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet, the liquid ammonia inlet is connected to the three-way valve, the high-pressure steam from the discharge port of the low-power compressor is passed through the third radiator, the high-pressure steam is condensed, and then passes through the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve into the cooling heat exchanger and returns to the low-power compressor; the high-pressure steam from the high-power compressor enters the heat exchanger and condenses to release heat, passes through the one-way check valve and the first electronic expansion valve into the branch where the expansion valve is disposed, and the liquid working medium in the branch where the expansion valve is disposed evaporates into a gaseous working medium, and returns to the high-power compressor.

[0020] 14. Further includes a liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel cylinder, the liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel cylinder including a cylinder body, a piston, a crank, an air intake pipe, and an exhaust pipe, the air intake pipe, the exhaust pipe and an injector are respectively installed above the cylinder body, a piston is installed inside the cylinder body, and a crank is connected below the piston, the joint between the air intake pipe and the cylinder body is an air intake port, an air intake valve stem is installed at the air intake port, an air intake valve stem return spring is sleeved on the air intake valve stem, the joint between the exhaust pipe and the cylinder body is an exhaust port, an exhaust valve stem is installed at the exhaust port, an exhaust valve stem return spring is sleeved on the exhaust valve stem, a hydrogen inlet is installed at the air intake pipe, an air inlet is installed between the hydrogen inlet and the air inlet, and a safety valve is installed between the hydrogen inlet and the air inlet. Effect of the Invention

[0021] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention uses the integrated design of liquid ammonia-diesel fuel to save installation space, and the diesel supply simultaneously controls the injection of the ammonia fuel injector and the diesel fuel injector, providing fuel boost to the diesel fuel injector and the turbocharger; 2. The super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator structure is used to ensure precise control of ammonia fuel injection. The pressure-balanced electromagnetic control actuator and the super-atomization nozzle module are fitted to inject into the cylinder, realizing a large flow rate and high-pressure liquid injection of ammonia fuel into the cylinder, and achieving complete combustion; 3. The injection process is combined with thermal management design to regulate both pressure and temperature, and control the phase transition of ammonia fuel; 4. The coordinated control of multiple valves is used to realize the cycle and variability of the liquid ammonia injection process, making the injection amount and timing more accurate and flexible; 5. The resonant block is used to adjust the pressure fluctuation in the system, and the phase of the pressure wave fluctuation is changed to adjust the fluctuation frequency and the corresponding relationship between the peak and the valley, so that the controllability of the pressure wave coupling process is realized. At the same time, a flow limiter is designed to prevent the occurrence of abnormal injection; 6. The balance valve control method is used, and the entire valve is immersed in high-pressure fuel, so that the balance force can achieve a higher common rail pressure (250MPa), reducing the mass of the entire valve parts and the need for electromagnetic force while improving the control response. Therefore, a smaller size solenoid valve and armature fit and less spring preload are required. At the same time, the balance valve stem used is not directly subjected to the impact due to height, which prevents the cavitation phenomenon (hole-corrosion effect) of traditional ball valves and improves the reliability of the system; 7. The combined design of the middle block and the self-adjusting valve block, on the one hand, solves the problem of traditional static block leakage; on the other hand, the design of the self-adjusting valve block prevents the wear and leakage problems caused by the eccentricity of the needle valve. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. [Diagram 2] This is a liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel cylinder. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell supply system. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-acting heat pump and a waste heat utilization system. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel integrated injector. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pressure booster module. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a pressure accumulation cavity thermal management module. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a resonating block. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a supermagnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a phase change controllable super atomizing nozzle module. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an auxiliary booster module. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a pressure-balanced electromagnetic control actuator. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the needle valve eccentric self-adjusting nozzle module structure. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a phase change controllable super atomizing nozzle module. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional overall structure of a phase change controllable super atomizing nozzle module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of examples in conjunction with the drawings, in which: 1 to 17, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, in which the liquid ammonia phase change cooling hybrid thermal management system includes a fuel supply system, a liquid ammonia and hydrogen supply system, a liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel cylinder, a liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel injector 8, a hydrogen fuel cell supply system 27, a cooling system 28, a double-acting heat pump 26, and a waste heat utilization system 29. The fuel supply system includes a fuel tank 7, a filter 6, a high-pressure fuel pump and motor 4, a fuel common rail pipe 11, a flow limiter 12, high-pressure fuel pipes 3 and 13, and an injector 8, and the right end of the common rail pipe 11 is connected to the high-pressure fuel pump 4, the filter 6 is connected to the fuel tank 7, and the flow limiter 12 is connected to the injector inlet 14 via the high-pressure fuel pipe 13.

[0024] 2 is a schematic diagram of the liquid ammonia and hydrogen supply system, including a liquid ammonia storage tank 24, a hydrogen storage tank 25, a nitrogen storage tank 23, an ammonia pump system 22, a flow division system 21, an ammonia inlet / outlet system 20, an ammonia injection pipe 17, an ammonia return pipe 18, a liquid ammonia common rail pipe 1, an ammonia leak detection outlet 10, a high-pressure ammonia pipe 2, and a liquid ammonia injector 8. The ammonia pump system 22 is composed of a low-pressure pump and motor 30, a high-pressure pump and motor 31, an overflow valve 32, a safety valve 33, a temperature controller 34, a liquid ammonia storage divider 35, a storage tank 36, a control valve 37, an ammonia injection port 38, an ammonia return port 39, a control block 40, a safety valve 41, and a control valve 42.

[0025] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel cylinder, which mainly includes a crank 45, a piston 16, a cylinder 46, an air inlet 15, an air inlet valve stem 44, an air inlet valve stem spring 43, an exhaust port 9, an exhaust valve stem 47, an exhaust valve stem spring 48, a hydrogen gas inlet 51, a safety valve 50, and an air inlet 49.

[0026] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell supply system, which mainly includes: hydrogen inlet 52, nitrogen purge inlet 53, hydrogen filter 54, pressure sensor 55, shutoff valve 56, high pressure gas injection valve 57, jet pump and hydrogen circulation pump 58, overpressure valve 59, air exhaust gas intake 60, 66, stack anode 61, exhaust 62, water separator 63, drain valve 64, exhaust valve 65, air inlet 67, air filter 68, sensor 69, air compressor 70, intercooler 71, humidifier 72, shutoff valve 73, bypass valve 74, stack cathode 75, sensor 76, shutoff valve 77, exhaust 78, water separator 79, orifice valves 80, 81, excess hydrogen at anode 82, silencer 83, and exhaust 84.

[0027] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cooling system, which mainly includes a water tank 85, a cooling water pump 86, 100, temperature sensors 87, 101, cooling connection ports 88, 102, temperature and pressure sensors 89, 103, an intercooler 90, 104, a heater 92, 106, a three-way valve 93, 107, a deionizer 94, 108, a sensor 95, 109, a radiator 96, 110, a drain valve 97, 111, an outlet 91, 98, 105, and a cooling water outlet 99, 112.

[0028] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a double-acting heat pump and waste heat utilization system, which mainly includes a liquid ammonia inlet 113, a heater 114, a three-way valve 115, a radiator 116, a sensor 117, an electromagnetic directional control valve 118, a gaseous working medium 119, a filter 120, a low-power compressor 121, a sensor 122, a cooling heat exchanger 123, a sensor 124, an electronic expansion valve 125, a high-power compressor 126, a sensor 127, a heating heat exchanger 128, a one-way check valve 129, an electronic expansion valve 130, a deionizer 131, an ammonia drain valve 132, a waste working medium 133, an expansion valve 134, and a liquid working medium 135.

[0029] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel integrated injector, which mainly includes a one-way ammonia inlet 136, a pressure boosting module 137, a pressure accumulation resonance flow restriction module 138, 142, a super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator 139, a phase change controllable super atomization nozzle module 140, a one-way fuel inlet 141, an auxiliary pressure boosting module 143, a pressure balanced electromagnetic control actuator 144, a needle valve eccentric self-adjusting nozzle 145, and a liquid ammonia thermal management module 146, 147. It realizes a large flow rate and high pressure liquid injection of ammonia fuel into the cylinder, and realizes complete combustion. At the same time, the injection process is combined with a thermal management design to adjust both pressure and temperature, and control the phase transition of ammonia fuel. The double valve control form is used to realize cycle and variation in the liquid ammonia injection process, making the injection amount and injection timing more accurate and flexible.

[0030] 8 is a detailed schematic diagram of the injector booster module, which includes a magnetic yoke 148, a return spring 149, a main / auxiliary pole 150, a coil 151, an ammonia return channel 152, a booster piston upper surface 153, a middle cavity 154, a booster piston return spring 155, an armature 156, a limit block 157, a valve stem return spring 159, a double seal valve stem 158, an ammonia injection channel 160, a middle pipeline 161, and a booster piston lower surface 162. This module can adopt two control methods, one is to boost liquid ammonia with liquid ammonia, and the other is to boost ammonia with diesel.

[0031] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pressure accumulation resonance flow limiting module, which mainly includes: pressure accumulation cavity 163, liquid cooling tube inlet 164, resonance block 165, middle block 166, return spring 167, ammonia injection hole 168, diamond seal block 169, flow limiting piston 170, ammonia injection path 171, storage cavity 172, resonance block ammonia injection path 173, middle cavity 174, resonance block ammonia injection path orifice hole 175, valve seat 176, middle hole 177 and return spring 178. The module ensures the stability of ammonia fuel, and uses the resonance block to adjust the pressure fluctuation in the system, while designing a flow limiter to prevent abnormal injection from occurring.

[0032] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the resonating block, mainly showing a first ammonia injection path 179, a first ammonia injection orifice hole 180, a second ammonia injection orifice hole 181, a first ammonia injection cavity 182, a first ammonia exhaust flow path 183, a second ammonia injection path 184, a second ammonia injection cavity 185, a communication hole 186 and a second ammonia exhaust flow path 187.

[0033] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator, which mainly includes: main / auxiliary pole 188, coil 189, magnetic hysteresis seat 190, upper valve stem 191, return spring 192, valve stem middle cavity 193, buffer cavity 194, fuel delivery inlet / outlet hole 195, return spring 196, super-magnetic hysteresis material 197, limit block 198, fuel injection path 199, fuel return path 200, bottom cone valve 201, poppet valve 202, and fuel return path 203.

[0034] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a phase change controllable super atomization nozzle module, which mainly consists of an ammonia injection pipeline 204, an ammonia storage cavity 205, a static leakage-free cylinder 206, a return spring 207, a gasket 208, a liquid-cooled working medium inlet pipeline 209, a valve seat 210, a control cavity 211, a control valve stem upper end surface 212, a liquid-cooled working medium outlet pipeline 213, a needle valve body 214, a needle valve sealing surface 215, a jet flow channel 216 and a nozzle body 217.

[0035] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary booster module, which mainly consists of a main / auxiliary pole 218, a coil 219, a fuel injection channel 220, a middle pipeline 221, a sealing ball 222, a return spring 223, a booster fuel pipeline 224, a booster piston lower surface 225, a valve stem return spring 226, an armature 227, a fuel return pipeline 228, a double seal valve stem 229, a booster piston upper surface 230, a middle cavity 231, and a booster piston return spring 232.

[0036] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a pressure balanced electromagnetic control actuator, which mainly includes a fuel injection pipe 233, a main / auxiliary pole 234, a coil 235, an armature 237, a fuel injection pipeline (fuel injection pipes 233 and 236, 238), return springs 239, 240, a balance valve stem 241, a fuel injection path 242, a fuel return orifice hole 243, and a fuel injection orifice hole 244.

[0037] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an eccentric self-adjusting nozzle of a needle valve, which mainly consists of a middle block 245, a fuel tank 246, a self-adjusting valve block 247, a needle valve spring 248, a needle valve lower end surface 249, a jet hole 250, a control cavity 251, a control valve stem upper end surface 252, a needle valve body 253, a nozzle body 254, a needle valve sealing surface 255 and a nozzle seat surface 256.

[0038] Figure 16 and Figure 17 are the designed super atomization nozzles, the whole design adopts the internal cone structure to realize multi-layer sealing. At the same time, there are nearly 100 jet holes injecting, so that from the structural point of view, sufficient atomization of fuel is guaranteed. The fuel and air are completely fused together to make the complete combustion.

[0039] The liquid ammonia storage tank 24 adopts high-pressure low-temperature storage method for the fuel of the system stored to ensure that the ammonia fuel is a stable liquid. At the same time, in the initial stage of fuel supply, a hydrogen and nitrogen preparation module is installed, which converts the stored liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, and then uses the purified ammonia gas to prepare the hydrogen required for combustion and the nitrogen required for purging the system. Then, it is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 25 and the nitrogen storage tank 23 respectively. The liquid ammonia stored in the liquid ammonia storage tank 24 first passes through the ammonia pump system 22, and the liquid ammonia is boosted by the low-pressure pump and the high-pressure pump to meet the requirements of supply and combustion. Among them, the low-pressure loop and the high-pressure loop are respectively installed with an overflow valve 32 and a safety valve 33. The overflow valve 32 is arranged in the low-pressure loop to control the transport pressure, and when the pressure is too high, the excess liquid ammonia will return to the liquid ammonia storage tank 24 through the overflow valve 32. A safety valve 33 is installed in the high-pressure loop to control the high-pressure fuel transport pressure, and the export pressure is adjusted by active control, and the excess liquid ammonia passes through the safety valve 33 and returns to the liquid ammonia storage tank 24. For liquid ammonia, which is a fuel that is prone to phase change, a thermal management module needs to be set, and the temperature controller 34 is used to adjust the export temperature of liquid ammonia, and controls the phase state of ammonia fuel by both pressure and temperature. Then, the fuel enters the liquid ammonia storage diverter 35, and the comprehensive control of the double valve and double cavity ensures a stable supply of fuel, and then it is supplied to the ammonia inlet 38 through the storage tank 36 and the control valve 37, and then introduced into the liquid ammonia common rail pipe 1. The liquid ammonia common rail pipe 1 in the system adopts a two-layer structure to prevent liquid ammonia from leaking into the atmosphere. At the same time, an ammonia gas leakage detection sensor is installed at the port of the common rail pipe to provide timely system feedback. The liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia common rail pipe 1 is supplied to the liquid ammonia injector 8 through the double-layer high-pressure ammonia pipe 2, and is controlled by the solenoid valve in the injector, and then injected into the cylinder.

[0040] A fuel tank 7 stores diesel fuel used for ignition in the system, and a high-pressure fuel pump 4 draws fuel from the fuel tank 7. A filter 6 is provided between the high-pressure fuel pump 4 and the fuel tank 7, and the fuel is filtered by the filter 6. The fuel is then transported to a common rail pipe 11, which is provided with a number of working oil outlets, each of which is connected to an injector inlet 14 via a high-pressure fuel pipe 13 and controlled by an electromagnetic valve in the injector, and then injected into the cylinder.

[0041] The liquid ammonia fuel enters the accumulator cavity 163 through the one-way ammonia inlet 136, which acts as a one-way valve. When the supply pressure of the liquid ammonia is greater than the spring preload of the one-way valve, the cone valve overcomes the spring force and opens, and the liquid ammonia is supplied into the accumulator cavity. When the pressure of the one-way ammonia inlet 136 is low, the cone valve closes again, which acts as a seal for the liquid ammonia in the system. After the fuel enters the accumulator cavity 163, it is supplied downward through the resonator block 165. The resonator block 165 is composed of three pipelines: a first ammonia injection path 179, a second ammonia injection orifice hole 181, and a second ammonia injection path 184. The fuel is injected into the flow restrictor from three pipelines respectively, the first ammonia injection path 179 is the main flow path, the middle flows through the first ammonia injection orifice hole 180, plays the role of wave filtering for the liquid ammonia flow, and then flows into the first ammonia injection cavity 182. The second ammonia injection path 184 is a secondary flow path, no orifice hole is installed in the middle, and flows directly into the flow restrictor after passing through the second ammonia injection cavity 185 and the second ammonia discharge flow path 187. The second ammonia injection orifice hole 181 and the communication hole 186 are the main structures for realizing resonance, and by changing the phase of the pressure wave fluctuation, the fluctuation frequency and the corresponding relationship between the peak and the valley are adjusted to realize the controllability of the pressure wave coupling process. Especially in the boost mode, the stability of the system is guaranteed. The flow restriction valve assembly is disposed inside the injector body through the pressure accumulation cavity 163. The middle block 166 not only functions as a limiter of the overall flow limiting valve assembly, but also fits with the return spring 167, which functions as a spring seat for the return spring 167 on the one hand, and limits the maximum displacement of the flow limiting piston on the other hand. Under the action of the damping spring and the spring preload of the return spring of the ball valve, the lower end surface of the rhombus seal block 169 and the flow limiting piston 170 fit with the upper end surface of the valve seat 176 which supports and controls. The valve seat 176 is pressed to the bottom by the action of the spring force of the return spring, and the seating surface of the rhombus seal block is formed at its upper variable cross section. Liquid ammonia is injected from the resonator block into the middle cavity 174, and flows into the flow limiting valve through the ammonia injection hole 168 and the resonator block ammonia injection path orifice hole 175 respectively. Then, it is supplied to the middle cavity 174 through the ammonia injection hole 168 in the rhombus seal block 169, and under the action of hydraulic pressure, the rhombus seal block 169 overcomes the spring force and moves downward with the supply of liquid ammonia. When the fuel supply is higher than the limit, the diamond seal block 169 fits with the valve seat 176 to provide a seal, cutting off the fuel supply and preventing cylinder pull.When the fuel supply is shut off, the diamond seal block 169 is quickly reset by the spring force.

[0042] The diesel passes through the one-way fuel inlet 141 and enters the pressure accumulation resonance flow restriction module 142, and is then fed downward into the auxiliary booster module 143. The pressurized fuel passes through the sealing ball 222 and return spring 223 of the one-way valve to supply diesel fuel to the super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator 139, the pressure balanced electromagnetic control actuator 144 and the needle valve eccentric self-adjusting nozzle 145, respectively, to control the injection of the ammonia fuel injector and the diesel fuel injector, and supply fuel to the diesel fuel injector.

[0043] The liquid ammonia that has passed through the flow restrictor is fed into the ammonia storage cavity through the ammonia injection passage, and is then injected into the cylinder by the super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator and the super-atomization nozzle module. In the present invention, in order to ensure the accuracy of the fuel injector control, diesel is used as the servo fuel, and the injection timing is controlled by changing the force applied to the upper and lower needle valves by adjusting the pressure level in the control cavity. High pressure diesel is injected into the electromagnetic actuator through the fuel injection passage 199, and when not energized, under the action of the spring preload of the return springs 192, 196, the poppet valve 202 is in a sealed state, so that the electromagnetic actuator pipeline is disconnected from the fuel return pipeline. The lower end cone valve 201 is in an open state, and diesel is fed from the fuel injection passage 199 through the flow passage of the lower end cone valve 201 to the control cavity 211. Wherein, the existence of the buffer cavity through the fuel inlet / outlet hole 195 and the buffer cavity 194 reduces the fluctuation of the fuel pressure in the control valve, while realizing the collection of the leaked fuel due to the structural pressure difference of the high-pressure contact surface. The fuel flows downward into the control cavity 211 and is sealed by the statically leak-free cylinder 206 and the needle valve sealing surface 215. The pressure in the control cavity can be adjusted to change the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the needle valve, thereby realizing the high-precision control of the fuel injection.

[0044] In the present invention, the diesel injector adopts a control mode of a balance valve, and the balance valve stem is pressed by the armature. Because the whole is immersed in high-pressure fuel, the action of the balance force can achieve a higher common rail pressure (250 MPa), reducing the mass of the entire valve parts, reducing the demand for electromagnetic force, and improving the control response. Therefore, only a smaller size solenoid valve and armature fit and less spring preload are required. At the same time, the balance valve stem used is not directly subjected to height shock, which prevents the cavitation phenomenon of traditional ball valves and improves the reliability of the system. High-pressure diesel is injected into the control cavity 251 through the fuel injection path 242 and the fuel injection orifice hole 244, and when not energized, under the action of the spring preload of the return spring 240, the armature 237 and the balance valve stem 241 are in a sealed state, so that the electromagnetic actuator pipeline is separated from the fuel return pipeline. Diesel is supplied to the control cavity 251 through the fuel injection path 242, the fuel injection orifice hole 244, and the passage. The presence of the fuel return cavity reduces the fluctuation of the fuel pressure in the control valve. The fuel flows downward into the control cavity 251, which is formed by the combination of the middle block 245, the self-adjusting valve block 247 and the upper end surface 252 of the control valve stem, and realizes sealing. By adjusting the pressure in the control cavity, the pressure difference between the upper and lower needle valves is changed, and the high-precision control of the fuel injection is realized. The combination design of the middle block 245 and the self-adjusting valve block 247 solves the traditional static block leakage problem, while the design of the self-adjusting valve block prevents the wear and leakage problem caused by the eccentricity of the needle valve. The working principles of the main and auxiliary booster modules in the present invention are similar. Taking the main booster module as an example, the working principle of the booster module in a specific injection process is as follows: When using the non-boosting mode to operate, the booster control valve part is not energized, and due to the balanced pressure on each working surface of the booster piston at this time, the armature 156 and the double seal valve stem 158 are in a compressed state under the action of the spring preload of the return spring 149 and the booster piston return spring 155, and the ammonia injection channel 160 is sealed. At this time, no fuel is supplied to the booster module, and the booster piston is in a reset state due to the action of the spring preload, and has no boosting function. Therefore, the ammonia fuel in the system is stored in the accumulator cavity 163 after passing through the one-way ammonia inlet 136, and is injected into the flow limiting valve through the resonator block 165. Due to the orifice action of the resonator block 165 on the liquid ammonia, the fuel pressure in the middle hole 177 in the flow limiting piston 170 and the accumulator cavity 163 increases, forming a pressure difference with the pressure in the transition oil fuel cavity, so that the flow limiting piston 170 and the diamond seal block 169 are displaced downward as a whole to compensate the injection pressure to a certain extent. The liquid ammonia that has passed through the flow restriction valve is fed into the ammonia storage cavity 205 through the ammonia injection pipe. During fuel injection control, when the pressure-balanced electromagnetic control actuator is energized, under the influence of the magnetic field, the armature 237 overcomes the spring preload of the return springs 239 and 240 and moves upward to open the fuel return channel, the control cavity 251 communicates with the low-pressure oil leak hole, and the fuel in the control cavity 251 flows back into the low-pressure cavity through the low-pressure oil leak hole. When the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity 251 and the elastic force of the needle valve spring 248 is smaller than the upward liquid pressure in the fuel tank 246, the needle valve body 253 is lifted upward to open the jet hole, and the injector starts to spray fuel. When the fuel injection control valve is partially powered off, it is no longer influenced by the magnetic field, and under the action of the spring preload, the armature 237 moves downward to reseal the fuel return path. At the same time, the balance valve stem 241 is actuated to move downward to achieve the seal.The control cavity 251 reestablishes pressure through the fuel injection orifice hole 244, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity 251 and the elastic force of the needle valve spring 248 is greater than the upward liquid pressure in the fuel tank 246, the needle valve body 253 reseats and the injector stops injection. When the injector stops working, as the liquid ammonia flows through the middle hole 177, the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the flow limiting piston 170 gradually decreases, and under the action of the return spring, the flow limiting piston 170 and the diamond seal block 169 as a whole return to their initial positions.

[0045] When working in boost mode, the boost control valve is partially energized, the coil 151 is energized, the main / auxiliary pole 150 forms an electromagnetic force, the armature 156 is attracted and moves upward, and at the same time the double seal valve stem 158 is driven to move upward, simultaneously opening the ammonia injection channel 160 and closing the ammonia return channel. Liquid ammonia accumulates on the boost piston upper surface 153, increasing the force on the upper surface, and the pressure difference between the upper and lower overcomes the spring force to move the boost piston downward. The volume in the lower pressure accumulation cavity is compressed, and the pressure increases. The boost module and the pressure-balanced electromagnetic control actuator can adopt two control methods, one is to boost the liquid ammonia with liquid ammonia, and the other is to boost the liquid ammonia with diesel. In the boost module, the middle cavity 154 serves as a boost fuel leakage collection cavity, and at the same time the fuel oil serves as a seal against the liquid ammonia. The pressurized liquid ammonia is injected into the flow restriction valve through the resonator block 165. It is supplied into the ammonia storage cavity 205 through the ammonia injection passage 171 that passes through the flow restriction valve. When the pressure-balanced electromagnetic control actuator 144 is energized, the armature 237 overcomes the spring preload of the return spring 240 under the influence of the magnetic field, moves upward, and opens the fuel return channel, and the control cavity 251 communicates with the low-pressure oil leak hole, so that the fuel in the control cavity 251 flows back into the low-pressure cavity through the low-pressure oil leak hole. When the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity 251 and the elastic force of the needle valve spring 248 is smaller than the upward liquid pressure in the fuel tank 246, the needle valve body 253 is lifted upward, the jet hole is opened, and the injector starts to spray fuel. When the fuel injection control valve is partially powered off, it is no longer subject to the magnetic field, and the armature 237 moves downward under the action of the spring preload to reseal the fuel return path, and at the same time, the balance valve stem 241 is driven to move downward to achieve sealing.The control cavity 251 re-establishes pressure through the fuel injection orifice hole 244, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity 251 and the elasticity of the needle valve spring 248 is greater than the upward fluid force in the fuel tank 246, the needle valve body 253 re-seats and the injector stops injecting.

[0046] A thermal management module including a coolant inlet and outlet is designed in the pressure accumulation resonance flow restriction module 138 and the super atomization nozzle module 140. The phase state of liquid ammonia is comprehensively controlled from both temperature and pressure, thereby realizing the controllability of the phase state of liquid ammonia in the injection process.

[0047] Ammonia and hydrogen are supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell system, hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen inlet 52 and filtered through the nitrogen purge inlet 53 through the hydrogen filter 54, the flow pressure is monitored by the pressure sensor 55, the shutoff valve 56 opens when the pressure requirement is met, and closes when the pressure becomes too high. Then, the stack anode 61 is supplied by the high pressure gas injection valve 57 and the jet pump and hydrogen circulation pump 58. The exhaust gas of the stack anode 61 is exhausted to the outside through the water separator 63, the drain valve 64, and the exhaust valve 65. The air is filtered through the air filter 68 via the air inlet 67, the flow pressure is monitored by the pressure sensor 69, and the air is pressurized and physical property adjusted through the air compressor 70, the intercooler 71, and the humidifier 72, then sent to the shutoff valve 73 and then supplied to the stack cathode 75. Excess air is supplied by a bypass valve 74 and is exhausted to the outside along with the exhaust of the stack cathode 75 through the humidifier 72, orifice valves 80, 81, collects the excess hydrogen 82 at the anode, flows through a silencer 83 and is exhausted via an exhaust port 84.

[0048] The cooling needs of the fuel cell and dual fuel injection system in the system are realized by the cooling system 28. In the present invention, the cooling water in the water tank is an ethylene glycol solution, and the heat exchange fins are added to the wall of the water tank, and the liquid ammonia stored in the system is phase-changed by the branch of the storage tank 24 to realize the boiling heat exchange and initially cool the solution in the water tank. The ammonia fuel acts as a coolant, greatly reducing the power of the cooling water pumps 86, 100. The cooled ethylene glycol solution passes through the cooling water pumps 86, 100 for secondary cooling to meet the cooling requirements of the system, and the intercoolers 90, 104 reduce the supply air temperature and remove the ions in the solution by the deionizers 94, 108 to obtain pure water. The temperature of the solution is adjusted by the heaters 92, 106, and the treated cooling water passes through the cooling water outlets 99, 112 respectively to realize the cooling needs of the heat engine and the fuel cell. At the same time, the form of two parallel circuits is adopted to adjust the power and cooling capacity according to the needs of different components.

[0049] Liquid ammonia enters the three-way valve 115 through the heater 114 from the liquid ammonia inlet 113, and the three-way valve 115 functions as a steering valve. When the low-power compressor 121 is operating, the high-pressure steam discharged from the compressor passes through the filter 120 and the sensor 117 into the radiator, and the working medium is condensed and then enters the electronic expansion valves 130 and 125, passes through the sensor 124 into the cooling heat exchanger 123, where it evaporates and absorbs heat to achieve a cooling effect, and then returns to the low-power compressor via the sensor 122.

[0050] When switching to heating mode, the system dissipates heat from the power system piston and injector related parts. The working medium is discharged from high pressure steam by the high power compressor 126, passes through the sensor 127 into the heating heat exchanger 128 to condense and release heat, then passes through the one-way check valve 129 and the electronic expansion valve 130 into the branch where the expansion valve 134 is located, communicates with the heat exchanger, the liquid working medium 135 evaporates and absorbs heat from the piston part, and then the gaseous working medium 119 returns to the high power compressor 126 through the one-way check valve, the heating cycle is carried out, and the piston components are cooled.

[0051] The system can also realize an air source heating mode, in which the working medium is discharged as high-pressure steam by the high-power compressor 126, enters the heating heat exchanger 128 through the sensor 127 for condensation and heat release, and then enters the radiator 116 through the one-way check valve 129 and the electronic expansion valve 130, and after the working medium evaporates and absorbs heat in the radiator 116, it returns to the high-power compressor through the sensor 117 and the electromagnetic directional control valve 118, thereby realizing the air source heating cycle.

[0052] From the above description, it can be seen that the present invention realizes three uses of ammonia: fuel supply for power units, refrigerant for cooling systems, and hydrogen supply for fuel cells. The integrated design of liquid ammonia-diesel dual fuel saves installation space, and the diesel supply simultaneously controls the injection of the ammonia fuel injector and the diesel fuel injector to supply fuel to the diesel injector. The double-acting heat pump module is innovatively designed based on the liquid ammonia phase change cooling principle, which can firstly effectively solve the problem of cold starting of the engine in low temperature conditions, and secondly reduce the power consumption of the compressor, realize the utilization of residual heat, and improve the utilization rate of energy. At the same time, the injection process is combined with the thermal management design to adjust from both pressure and temperature, and control the phase transition of ammonia fuel. The coordinated control form of multiple valves is used to realize the cycle and variation of the liquid ammonia injection process, making the injection amount and injection timing more accurate and flexible. The present invention can adopt main and auxiliary booster modules, and in the boost mode, the injection pressure and injection speed of the fuel injection are affected by the boost mode, and can realize the controllable injection between cycles. The super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator structure is used to ensure the precise control of ammonia fuel injection. The balance valve control method is used, and the entire valve is immersed in high-pressure fuel, so that the action of the balance force can achieve a higher common rail pressure (250MPa), reducing the mass of the entire valve parts, reducing the need for electromagnetic force, and improving the control response. Therefore, only a smaller size solenoid valve and armature fit and less spring preload are required. At the same time, the balance valve stem used is not directly subjected to the impact due to height, which prevents the cavitation phenomenon of traditional ball valves and improves the reliability of the system. The combination design of the middle block and self-adjusting valve block on the one hand solves the problem of traditional static block leakage, and on the other hand, the design of the self-adjusting valve block prevents the wear and leakage problems caused by the eccentricity of the needle valve.

Claims

1. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes an injector, a liquid ammonia common rail pipe, a fuel common rail pipe, and a fuel tank. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage tank, an ammonia pump system, a flow dividing system, and an ammonia inlet / outlet system. The fuel common rail pipe is connected to the fuel tank and a one-way fuel inlet of the injector, respectively. The liquid ammonia common rail pipe is connected to the ammonia inlet / outlet system and a one-way ammonia inlet of the injector, respectively. An ammonia injection pipe and an ammonia return pipe are disposed in the ammonia inlet / outlet system. The ammonia pump system includes a liquid ammonia storage divider, a low pressure pump, a high pressure a pump, the flow dividing system includes a storage tank, an ammonia injection control valve, a first safety valve and an ammonia return control valve, an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the low pressure pump, the high pressure pump, the liquid ammonia storage divider, the storage tank and the ammonia injection control valve, the ammonia injection control valve is connected to the liquid ammonia common rail pipe through the ammonia injection pipe, an inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the ammonia return control valve and the first safety valve, the first safety valve is connected to the injector through the ammonia return pipe, the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to a hydrogen storage tank and a nitrogen storage tank, respectively, The injector includes an injector body, a liquid ammonia injection unit, and a diesel injection unit, the liquid ammonia injection unit and the diesel injection unit are respectively located in the injector body, the liquid ammonia injection unit includes a boost module arranged from top to bottom, a first pressure accumulation resonance flow restriction module, a super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator, and a phase change controllable super atomization nozzle module, and the diesel injection unit includes a second pressure accumulation resonance flow restriction module arranged from top to bottom, an auxiliary boost module, a pressure balanced electromagnetic control actuator, and a needle valve eccentric self-adjusting nozzle; The booster module includes a booster magnetic yoke, a booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole, a main booster piston, a booster armature, a booster limit block, a booster double-seal valve stem, a booster upper valve stem seat, and a booster lower valve stem seat. The booster armature is sleeved on the top of the booster double-seal valve stem, a booster return spring is installed between the booster magnetic yoke and the booster armature, the booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole is installed on the outside of the booster return spring, and a coil is wound on the booster main / auxiliary magnetic pole. The middle part of the booster double-seal valve stem is located in the booster upper valve stem seat, the lower part of the booster double-seal valve stem is located in the booster lower valve stem seat, the booster valve stem return spring is sleeved on the middle part of the booster double-seal valve stem, and the booster double-seal valve a booster double seal protrusion is provided between the middle and bottom of a booster valve stem; a seal surface is provided on the surfaces of the booster upper valve stem seat and the booster lower valve stem seat corresponding to the booster double seal valve stem; the main booster piston is located below the booster lower valve stem seat; a main booster piston return spring is sleeved on the outside of the main booster piston; a communicating ammonia return channel is provided in the booster upper valve stem seat; an ammonia injection channel and a middle pipeline are provided in the booster lower valve stem seat; and a space in the booster lower valve stem seat where the booster double seal protrusion is located is a space connected to the middle pipeline.

2. 2. The hybrid thermal management system for a liquid ammonia phase change cooling hybrid engine according to claim 1, wherein the first pressure accumulation resonance flow restriction module includes a resonance block, a middle block, a diamond seal block, a flow restriction piston, and a pressure accumulation valve seat, and a pressure accumulation cavity is installed in the injector body below the main booster piston, a one-way ammonia injection port is installed on the side wall of the pressure accumulation cavity, a liquid cooling tube inlet is arranged on the top of the injector body, and the liquid cooling tube inlet is connected to the pressure accumulation cavity, and the resonance block, the middle block, the diamond seal block, and the pressure accumulation valve seat are sequentially installed below the pressure accumulation cavity, the flow restriction piston is installed in the pressure accumulation valve seat, and a middle block return spring is installed in the middle block, and an ammonia injection hole and a resonance block ammonia injection path orifice hole are respectively installed at the bottom of the middle block, and the diamond seal block is located above the flow restriction piston, a middle hole is installed in the flow restriction piston, a flow restriction piston return spring is installed below the flow restriction piston, and a storage cavity is installed below the flow restriction piston return spring.

3. The super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator includes a super-magnetic hysteresis main / auxiliary magnetic pole, a magnetic hysteresis seat, a super-magnetic hysteresis upper valve stem, a super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve, and a super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve, a coil is wound in the super-magnetic hysteresis main / auxiliary magnetic pole, a super-magnetic hysteresis material is installed in the through hole of the super-magnetic hysteresis main / auxiliary magnetic pole, and the magnetic hysteresis seat, the super-magnetic hysteresis upper valve stem, the super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve, and the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve are sequentially installed below the super-magnetic hysteresis material, and the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve is located in the cavity of the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve. The hybrid thermal management system for liquid ammonia phase change cooling hybrid engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve return spring is installed under the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve; a fuel return path and a fuel injection path are installed in the injector body where the super-magnetic hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator is arranged, and the fuel return path is connected to the cavity of the super-magnetic hysteresis poppet valve; a super-magnetic hysteresis cone valve fuel injection hole is installed in the shell of the super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve outside the super-magnetic hysteresis lower cone valve, and the super-magnetic hysteresis cone valve fuel injection hole is connected to the fuel injection path.

4. The phase change controllable super atomization nozzle module includes a super atomization nozzle body, a super atomization valve seat, a static leakage-free cylinder, a super atomization needle valve body, and a super atomization control valve, the super atomization valve seat is located in the super atomization nozzle body, the static leakage-free cylinder and the super atomization needle valve body are located in the super atomization valve seat, the head part of the super atomization needle valve body is located in the static leakage-free cylinder, and a super atomization needle valve body return spring is installed between the middle part of the super atomization needle valve body and the static leakage-free cylinder, 2. The hybrid thermal management system for a liquid ammonia phase change cooled hybrid engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein an ammonia storage cavity is formed between the needle valve body and the super-atomization valve seat, a liquid-cooled working medium inlet pipeline and a liquid-cooled working medium outlet pipeline are formed between the super-atomization valve seat and the super-atomization nozzle body, a bottom of the super-atomization needle valve body and a bottom of the super-atomization valve seat form a super-atomization jet flow channel, the ammonia storage cavity and the storage cavity are connected, and a super-atomization control cavity is formed between the top end of the super-atomization needle valve body and the injector body above it.

5. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes an injector, a liquid ammonia common rail pipe, a fuel common rail pipe, and a fuel tank. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage tank, an ammonia pump system, a flow dividing system, and an ammonia inlet / outlet system. The fuel common rail pipe is connected to the fuel tank and a one-way fuel inlet of the injector, respectively. The liquid ammonia common rail pipe is connected to the ammonia inlet / outlet system and a one-way ammonia inlet of the injector, respectively. An ammonia injection pipe and an ammonia return pipe are disposed in the ammonia inlet / outlet system. The ammonia pump system includes a liquid ammonia storage divider, a low pressure pump, a high pressure a pump, the flow dividing system includes a storage tank, an ammonia injection control valve, a first safety valve and an ammonia return control valve, an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the low pressure pump, the high pressure pump, the liquid ammonia storage divider, the storage tank and the ammonia injection control valve, the ammonia injection control valve is connected to the liquid ammonia common rail pipe through the ammonia injection pipe, an inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the ammonia return control valve and the first safety valve, the first safety valve is connected to the injector through the ammonia return pipe, the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to a hydrogen storage tank and a nitrogen storage tank, respectively, The present invention further includes a hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system including a stack anode, a stack cathode, a hydrogen inlet, a nitrogen inlet, and an air inlet, the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet, the nitrogen storage tank is connected to the nitrogen inlet, the hydrogen inlet and the nitrogen inlet are combined and then passed through a hydrogen filter, a first shutoff valve, a high-pressure gas injection valve, an ejector pump, and a hydrogen circulation pump to be supplied to the stack anode, the exhaust gas of the stack anode passes through a water separator and is discharged from a drain valve and an exhaust valve, respectively; and the air passes through an air filter, an air compressor, a first intercooler, a humidifier, and a second shutoff valve to be supplied to the stack cathode.

6. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes an injector, a liquid ammonia common rail pipe, a fuel common rail pipe, and a fuel tank. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage tank, an ammonia pump system, a flow dividing system, and an ammonia inlet / outlet system. The fuel common rail pipe is connected to the fuel tank and a one-way fuel inlet of the injector, respectively. The liquid ammonia common rail pipe is connected to the ammonia inlet / outlet system and a one-way ammonia inlet of the injector, respectively. An ammonia injection pipe and an ammonia return pipe are disposed in the ammonia inlet / outlet system. The ammonia pump system includes a liquid ammonia storage divider, a low pressure pump, a high pressure a pump, the flow dividing system includes a storage tank, an ammonia injection control valve, a first safety valve and an ammonia return control valve, an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the low pressure pump, the high pressure pump, the liquid ammonia storage divider, the storage tank and the ammonia injection control valve, the ammonia injection control valve is connected to the liquid ammonia common rail pipe through the ammonia injection pipe, an inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the ammonia return control valve and the first safety valve, the first safety valve is connected to the injector through the ammonia return pipe, the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to a hydrogen storage tank and a nitrogen storage tank, respectively, A hybrid thermal management system for a liquid ammonia phase change cooled hybrid engine, further comprising a cooling system for cooling the injector, the cooling system comprising a water tank, a first radiator, a first deionizer, a first heater, a second intercooler, and a first cooling connection port, the first radiator, the first deionizer, the first heater, the second intercooler, and the first cooling connection port being connected in parallel to form a first cooling unit, the water tank being connected to the first cooling unit, the first cooling connection port being connected to a cooling water outlet, and the first cooling unit being connected to an outlet through a drain valve; a second cooling unit being installed symmetrically with the first cooling unit, the second cooling unit comprising a second radiator, a second deionizer, a second heater, a third intercooler, and a second cooling connection port, the arrangement of the second cooling unit being the same and symmetrical with the first cooling unit.

7. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes an injector, a liquid ammonia common rail pipe, a fuel common rail pipe, and a fuel tank. The liquid ammonia hydrogen supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage tank, an ammonia pump system, a flow dividing system, and an ammonia inlet / outlet system. The fuel common rail pipe is connected to the fuel tank and a one-way fuel inlet of the injector, respectively. The liquid ammonia common rail pipe is connected to the ammonia inlet / outlet system and a one-way ammonia inlet of the injector, respectively. An ammonia injection pipe and an ammonia return pipe are disposed in the ammonia inlet / outlet system. The ammonia pump system includes a liquid ammonia storage divider, a low pressure pump, a high pressure a pump, the flow dividing system includes a storage tank, an ammonia injection control valve, a first safety valve and an ammonia return control valve, an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the low pressure pump, the high pressure pump, the liquid ammonia storage divider, the storage tank and the ammonia injection control valve, the ammonia injection control valve is connected to the liquid ammonia common rail pipe through the ammonia injection pipe, an inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected in sequence to the ammonia return control valve and the first safety valve, the first safety valve is connected to the injector through the ammonia return pipe, the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to a hydrogen storage tank and a nitrogen storage tank, respectively, A hybrid thermal management system for a liquid ammonia phase change cooled hybrid engine, further comprising a double-acting heat pump, the double-acting heat pump comprising a liquid ammonia inlet, a three-way valve, a low-power compressor, a high-power compressor, a cooling heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger, and a third radiator, the liquid ammonia storage tank being connected to the liquid ammonia inlet, the liquid ammonia inlet being connected to the three-way valve, high-pressure steam from the discharge port of the low-power compressor being injected into the third radiator, the high-pressure steam being condensed and then passing through a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve into the cooling heat exchanger, and returning to the low-power compressor; high-pressure steam from the high-power compressor entering the heating heat exchanger, condensing and releasing heat, passing through a one-way check valve and the first electronic expansion valve into a branch in which an expansion valve is disposed, the liquid working medium in the branch in which the expansion valve is disposed evaporates into a gaseous working medium, and returning to the high-power compressor.

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