Apparatus and method for cooling down a cryogenic pump

Abstract

To provide a new method and apparatus for cryogenic pump cooldown operation to help minimize loss of a cryogenic fluid while also reducing the amount of time that is needed to start the pump.SOLUTION: An apparatus and process for cooling down a pump for liquid hydrogen or other cryogenic fluid can be configured to allow a quick startup that also helps minimize the hydrogen loss. Some embodiments can utilize a blow-by circuit configured and arranged to support cryogenic cooldown operation for the pump that can minimize the hydrogen loss while allowing substantially improved pump startup times. Some embodiments can utilize at least one temperature sensor to monitor temperature, and an adjustable control valve that can facilitate the flow of fluid utilized to perform the cooldown of the pump.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for cooling a pump that may be arranged and configured to use a cryogenic fluid (eg, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, etc.). [Background technology]

[0002] Examples of hydrogen generation and delivery systems are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,401,767, 6,474,078, 6,619,336, 6,708,573, 6,745,801, 6,786,245, 7,028,724, 7,328,726, 7,793,675, 7,921,883, 8,020,589, Applicable in Nos. 8,286,675, 8,365,777, 8,453,682, 8,899,278, 9,074,730, 9,151,448, 9,261,238, 9,279,541, 9,404,620, 9,863,583, 10,502,649, and 10,508,770.

[0003] Some hydrogen fueling applications can utilize liquid hydrogen pumps, examples of which can be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2007 / 0227614 and 2018 / 0058441, as well as Chinese Patent Publication Nos. CN111765064A and CN110429300A and Chinese Utility Model No. CN213116590U.

[0004] As disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,537,828, before a cryogenic pump can pump cryogenic liquid from a low pressure storage tank to a high pressure storage tank, it can be cooled to a suitable cryogenic temperature to help minimize evaporation of the liquid before it reaches the pump. Cryogenic pumps typically do not operate properly with vapor or a mixture of liquid and vapor.

[0005] One solution that has been utilized to address this problem is to immerse the pump in a cryogenic fluid to ensure that it remains at liquid hydrogen temperature. For example, U.S. Patent No. 6,474,078 discloses this technique.

[0006] US Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0096540 discloses a pump for the delivery of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from a dispensing station. Cryogenic LNG must flow continuously through the pump system to maintain the pump parts at a low enough temperature to avoid cold shock or selective heating of the impeller. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The inventors have determined that a new method and apparatus for cryogenic pump cool-down operation is needed to help minimize the loss of cryogenic fluid (e.g., hydrogen) while reducing the amount of time required to start the pump. Some embodiments may allow start-up times to be as short as two minutes or even less than two minutes while significantly reducing the loss of hydrogen fuel (e.g., some embodiments may reduce hydrogen loss by more than 50%, for example). In some embodiments, the pump may undergo a cool-down operation that is performed before the pump is operated to help drive the flow of fluid toward a dispenser, flow control manifold, or other downstream unit. Although the cool-down period may take longer than in conventional situations, the embodiments may be configured to allow the pump start-up process to occur more quickly, thereby significantly reducing the overall time required for the pump to begin operation. Cooling of the pump and maintaining the pump at this cooled temperature may be provided in a manner such that the pump can be started quickly (e.g., within 5 minutes, less than 5 minutes and more than 5 seconds, up to 2 minutes, up to 3 minutes, between 10 seconds and 2.5 minutes, between 5 seconds and 4 minutes, etc.). Embodiments may be provided such that the pump temperature can be maintained at a desired cooled temperature that minimizes hydrogen loss, which may also avoid the need to immerse the pump in liquid hydrogen. Embodiments may also be configured such that this cooled temperature of the pump can be maintained while also avoiding the need to vent conduits downstream of the pump prior to operation of the pump.

[0008] Embodiments may be provided to reduce hydrogen loss in a cryogenic hydrogen pump (CHP) system or other cryogenic fluid pumping system. For example, some embodiments may reduce hydrogen loss by reducing the vented volume required to cool down the pump. Embodiments may also facilitate start-up of the pump with a pressurized discharge line reducing losses and start-up time. Embodiments may also enable faster start-up times allowing for direct filling of vehicles, which may minimize the need for gas storage or secondary pre-cooling systems for fueling stations. In addition, the inventors believe that embodiments may provide efficient cooling by flowing gas along a discharge path internal to the pump, allowing for a significant reduction in lost hydrogen compared to a pump that is fully submerged to maintain its temperature in an attempt to provide what is traditionally considered a quick start-up operation.

[0009] Some embodiments may support the cool down operation through the use of a control valve that may utilize a blow-by circuit to allow the flow of fluid to the atmosphere. In a preferred embodiment, the control valve may be an air operated control valve that allows the fluid to be vented to the outside environment, e.g., atmospheric pressure. This cool down period may take a significant amount of time depending on the temperature of the pump at the time the cool down operation is initiated. In some situations where the pump is at ambient temperature, the cool down operation may take up to two hours. Once the pump is at the cooled down temperature, the pump may be maintained at this temperature to facilitate a quick start-up (e.g., 5 seconds to 5 minutes, less than 3 minutes, less than 2 minutes, 5 seconds to 2.5 minutes, 10 seconds to 3 minutes, etc.). In other situations, the pump may be cooled quickly such that the cool down process takes only a short time. The pump may then be cooled to its operating temperature within a short time (e.g., 5 seconds to 5 minutes, less than 3 minutes, less than 2 minutes) before undergoing the start-up operation.

[0010] At least one temperature sensor may also be utilized to help monitor the temperature of the pump. In some embodiments, the one or more temperature sensors may include a first temperature sensor that may be positioned to monitor the temperature of the pump at or near the outlet of the pump. A second temperature sensor may also be provided to monitor the temperature elsewhere in the pump (e.g., a sensor near or at the supply inlet to the pump). This temperature sensor may help monitor the temperature of the hydrogen or other cryogenic fluid being supplied for the cool-down operation and help ensure that the flow is cool enough to provide the desired cool-down operation. Examples of temperature sensors TE may include thermocouples or other suitable types of temperature sensors.

[0011] Some embodiments may utilize an apparatus configured to allow liquid hydrogen fuel and / or very cold gas (e.g., cryogenic hydrogen gas in a storage tank) to pass through the pump to the inlet of the pump when the pump is not operating. A blow-by circuit or other vent arrangement to atmosphere may be coupled to the pump and opened when the pump is not operating so that cooling fluid may be passed therethrough to assist in driving the flow of fluid through the pump at a preselected rate, preferably a slow or low rate, to cool down the pump. Once it is determined that the pump is below a preselected operating temperature and there is a demand for fluid at the dispenser, the pump may be started. In some embodiments, starting of the pump may occur nearly immediately (e.g., within a few minutes, less than 2 minutes, within a range of 0.25 minutes to 2 minutes, or within a range of 1 to 30 seconds, etc.) without venting downstream piping or flowing product through the pump to atmosphere (although this function may still be provided by a blow-by circuit or other vent arrangement for use in situations where this may be necessary due to unexpected performance issues, component failure, etc.). In some embodiments, this significantly improved pump start-up time may result from a cool-down process used to cool the pump down to its operating temperature, while in other embodiments, this significantly improved pump start-up time may be provided by utilizing a cryogenic flow of liquid and / or gas outputtable from a storage tank in fluid communication with the pump.

[0012] Other embodiments may be configured such that the pump cylinder is sized and configured to allow cryogenic gas (e.g., cryogenic gas), liquid hydrogen, or other cryogenic fluid (e.g., cryogenic fluid such as cryogenic oxygen, cryogenic helium, cryogenic nitrogen, or cryogenic hydrogen) to cool the pump through a parallel path within the pump cylinder. This parallel path may be used independently, not at all, or in combination with a primary flow path defined to pass cooling fluid around the piston rings. This additional path for cooling fluid may be used, for example, to offset variations in ring wear or when an idle piston position of the pump restricts flow through the pump.

[0013] An apparatus for hydrogen storage and distribution is provided. The apparatus may include a pump arranged to receive hydrogen from at least one storage tank. The pump may have a pump outlet for a pump outlet conduit through which liquid may pass out of the pump. The pump may also have a compression cavity and a moveable piston moveable within the compression cavity. The pump may also have a piston ring disposed adjacent the compression cavity and the moveable piston. The piston ring and compression cavity may be arranged and configured such that while the piston is stationary, hydrogen gas may pass into the compression cavity and from the compression cavity, through the piston ring, to a cooling outlet configured in fluid communication with a cooldown outlet conduit for venting the hydrogen gas to atmosphere.

[0014] The cool-down discharge conduit may be separate from the pump discharge conduit through which compressed liquid may pass from the pump, for example, fluid leaving the pump through the pump discharge conduit does not pass through the cool-down discharge conduit, and fluid leaving the pump through the cool-down discharge conduit may not pass through the pump discharge conduit.

[0015] Embodiments of the apparatus for storage and distribution of hydrogen may also include a storage tank and a hydrogen supply conduit arrangement. The hydrogen supply conduit arrangement may include at least one of: (i) a liquid supply conduit connected between the storage tank and a supply inlet of the pump to provide liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to the pump; and (ii) a hydrogen gas supply conduit connected between the storage tank and a supply inlet of the pump to provide hydrogen gas from the storage tank to the pump. Embodiments of the apparatus may also include a cool-down discharge conduit. The cool-down discharge conduit is connected to the pump such that hydrogen gas passed through the cooling outlet can pass from the pump through the cooling outlet to be vented during cool-down operation of the pump.

[0016] The cool-down discharge conduit may have an adjustable valve adjustable to an open position to vent hydrogen during cool-down operation of the pump while the pump is inactive. The adjustable valve can also be closed to prevent venting. When closed, the cool-down discharge conduit may include a conduit segment that provides hydrogen gas passing through the conduit back to the storage tank and acts as a blow-by vapor return for the pump.

[0017] In some embodiments, the apparatus may include one or more temperature sensors. For example, an embodiment may include at least one of: (1) a first temperature sensor connected to the pump to measure a temperature of hydrogen supplied to the pump from the storage tank; and (2) a second temperature sensor connected to the cool-down discharge conduit to monitor a temperature of hydrogen output from the pump for passage through the cool-down discharge conduit. An embodiment may also include a controller communicatively connected to the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor to determine a difference between a temperature of hydrogen supplied to the pump from the storage tank and a temperature of hydrogen output from the pump for passage through the cool-down discharge conduit. The controller may include hardware (e.g., a processor connected to a non-transitory computer-readable medium and at least one transceiver or interface for communication with the temperature sensor). In response to determining that the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold, the controller may be configured to determine that the pump is at a temperature within a preselected operating temperature range and determine that the pump is activatable to supply hydrogen to the dispenser.

[0018] The controller may be configured to communicate with the pump drive motor to adjust valves in the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement and turn on the pump in response to determining that the pump is at a temperature within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold and the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold.

[0019] In some embodiments, the pump may include at least one internal cooling channel arranged to pass a portion of the hydrogen gas through internal pump components after the hydrogen gas has passed through the piston as it travels along the cooling passageway toward the cooling outlet. For example, the cooling channel may be defined within a cylinder of the pump.

[0020] A method of performing a cool-down operation of a pump is also provided. An embodiment of the method may enable a quick start-up of the pump. An embodiment of the method may include opening a valve of a cool-down discharge conduit connected to the pump in fluid communication with the storage tank while the pump is inactive to allow hydrogen in the storage tank to pass into a compression cavity of the pump. The method may also include routing hydrogen from the storage tank into the pump while the piston is stationary such that hydrogen gas passed into the compression cavity is routed from the compression cavity through a piston ring disposed adjacent the compression cavity and the piston. The hydrogen gas may be routed from the piston ring to the cool-down discharge conduit to be vented.

[0021] Embodiments of the method may also include other steps. For example, the method may include determining that the pump is cooled to a temperature that is within a preselected operating pump temperature range, and in response to determining that the pump is at a temperature that is within the preselected operating pump temperature range and that there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump, closing a valve in the cool-down discharge conduit to stop venting of hydrogen gas, and turning on the pump by turning on a pump drive motor to move a piston of the pump within a compression cavity to deliver liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to the at least one dispenser.

[0022] As another example, embodiments may also include monitoring the temperature of hydrogen passing through a portion of the pump to measure the temperature of hydrogen provided from the storage tank to the pump, and monitoring the temperature of hydrogen output from the pump for passing through a cool-down discharge conduit. A first temperature sensor may be connected to the pump to measure the temperature of hydrogen passing through a portion of the pump, and a second temperature sensor may be connected to the cool-down discharge conduit to measure the temperature of hydrogen output from the pump for passing through the cool-down discharge conduit.

[0023] An embodiment of the method may utilize a controller. The controller may include hardware, such as, for example, a processor connected to at least one transceiver or interface, and a non-transitory computer readable medium. The controller may be communicatively connected to the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor and may determine whether the pump is below a preselected pump operating temperature threshold. In response to determining that the pump is below a preselected pump operating temperature threshold, the controller may send a communication to close a valve in the cool-down discharge conduit to stop venting of hydrogen gas.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method may also include determining a difference between a temperature of the hydrogen passing through the pump and a temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump and passed through a cool-down discharge conduit. In response to determining that (i) the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold, (ii) the temperature of the hydrogen passing through the pump is within a preselected pump operating temperature range, and (iii) there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump, a valve in the cool-down discharge conduit may be closed to stop venting hydrogen, a pump drive motor may be turned on to move a piston of the pump within the compression cavity to supply liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to the dispenser.

[0025] In another embodiment, the method may include determining that the temperature within the pump is within a preselected operating temperature range for the pump via a temperature sensor connected to the pump such that a distal measurement point of the temperature sensor is located within the pump at a preselected detection location within the pump adjacent a bottom of the pump and / or a dam within the pump. In response to determining that the temperature within the pump is within the preselected operating temperature range and that there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump, closing a valve in a cool-down discharge conduit to stop venting of hydrogen gas and turning on a pump drive motor to move a piston of the pump within a compression cavity to supply liquid hydrogen from the storage tank towards the dispenser.

[0026] A pump for a cryogenic fluid storage and dispensing system is also provided. An embodiment of the pump may include a piston connected to a movable piston rod for movement within a compression cavity, and a piston ring disposed adjacent the compression cavity and the piston. The pump may also have a pump outlet for a pump discharge conduit through which the cryogenic liquid may pass from the pump. The piston ring and compression cavity may be configured such that while the piston is stationary, cryogenic gas may pass from the compression cavity, through the piston ring, and into the compression cavity toward a cooling outlet configured in fluid communication with a cooldown discharge conduit for venting the cryogenic gas.

[0027] Embodiments of the pump may include other elements. For example, the pump may include a cool-down discharge conduit and the cooling outlet may be in fluid communication with the cool-down discharge conduit. The cooling outlet may be located on the non-compression side of the piston in some embodiments.

[0028] The cryogenic gases that may be utilized in the present pump may be (i) hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, or helium gas. In embodiments where the cryogenic gas is hydrogen gas, the liquid provided in the compression chamber of the pump may be cryogenic liquid hydrogen. In embodiments where the cryogenic gas is nitrogen gas, the liquid may be cryogenic liquid nitrogen. In embodiments where the cryogenic gas is oxygen, the liquid may be cryogenic liquid oxygen. In embodiments where the cryogenic gas is helium, the liquid may be cryogenic liquid helium.

[0029] The liquid passable from the pump through the pump outlet may be liquid that is forced out of the pump through piston motion occurring within the compression cavity when the pump is operated to drive a flow of liquid from the pump. The liquid driven from the pump through the pump outlet may be referred to as compressed liquid.

[0030] In some circumstances, the cryogenic gas may be cryogenic oxygen gas, cryogenic nitrogen gas, cryogenic helium gas, or cryogenic hydrogen gas, or may be a vapor formed from a cryogenic liquid fed into the pump while the pump is inactive. For example, cryogenic hydrogen gas may be formed from cryogenic liquid hydrogen fed into the pump where the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen gas as the pump cools. Cryogenic nitrogen gas may be formed from liquid cryogenic nitrogen fed into the pump where the liquid nitrogen is vaporized into nitrogen gas as the pump cools. Cryogenic oxygen gas may be formed from cryogenic liquid oxygen fed into the pump where the liquid oxygen is vaporized into oxygen gas as the pump cools. Cryogenic helium gas, which is helium gas, may be formed from cryogenic liquid helium fed into the pump where the liquid helium is vaporized into helium gas as the pump cools.

[0031] Other details, objects and advantages of the inventor's apparatus for storing and dispensing hydrogen, apparatus for cooling a pump that may be arranged and configured to facilitate dispensing and / or storage of hydrogen fuel, apparatus for cooling a pump for cryogenic operation of the pump, and methods of making and using the same will become apparent as the following description of certain exemplary embodiments thereof is given. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0032] Exemplary embodiments of an apparatus for storing and dispensing hydrogen, an apparatus for cooling a pump that may be arranged and configured to facilitate dispensing and / or storage of hydrogen fuel, an apparatus for cooling a pump for cryogenic operation of the pump, and methods of making and using the same are illustrated in the drawings included herein, It should be understood that like reference characters used in the drawings may identify like components.

[0033] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a hydrogen fuel dispensing and storage device.

[0034] [Diagram 2] 2 is a schematic diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for cooling a pump 5, which may be utilized in a first exemplary embodiment of a hydrogen fuel dispensing and storage apparatus. Exemplary communication connections that the controller CTRL may have with different elements (e.g. pump 5, temperature sensor TE, control valve 4acv, etc.) are indicated in FIG. 2 by dashed lines with arrows at their ends.

[0035] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, internal schematic view of a first exemplary embodiment of the device for cooling a pump shown in FIG. 2, in which the pump 5 of the device is configured as a horizontal pump.

[0036] [Figure 4]Fig. 4 is a fragmentary, internal schematic view of a first exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for cooling a pump shown in Fig. 2, in which the pump 5 of the apparatus is configured as a vertical pump. In Fig. 4, a vertical axis 5axis is shown to help show the vertical orientation of the pump 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0037] 1-4, a hydrogen fuel dispensing and storage apparatus may include a storage tank 3 configured to store liquid hydrogen therein at a preselected pressure. The hydrogen stored in the storage tank may be supplied via one or more trailers, a pipeline, or an on-site hydrogen generation system 2 (shown in dashed lines) that may transport the liquid hydrogen to the facility for storage in the tank.

[0038] The hydrogen production system 2 may include, for example, an ammonia cracker system having at least one ammonia (NH3) cracker system for cracking ammonia to form hydrogen gas, or a methane reformer system having at least one methane reformer for reforming methane to form hydrogen (H2). The hydrogen production system 2 may be configured to utilize a purification system or gas separation system to separate the formed hydrogen gas from other gases (e.g., nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.). Such purification systems may include, for example, a pressure swing adsorption system (PSA) and / or a temperature swing adsorption system (TSA). Other types of purification systems may be utilized alternatively or in addition. In some embodiments, the hydrogen gas output from the hydrogen production system 2 may be purified such that the hydrogen output from the hydrogen production system is at least 99.5 molar percent (mol%) hydrogen, or at least 99.7 mol% hydrogen (e.g., in the range of 99.7 mol% hydrogen to 99.999 mol% hydrogen). Hydrogen output from or received from hydrogen generation system 2 may be liquefied for storage in storage tanks 3 or may be liquefied for transport for distribution and storage in storage tanks 3 at fuel supply station sites.

[0039] The storage tank 3 may include a container or containers having liquid hydrogen stored therein at a preselected storage temperature and a preselected storage pressure. The stored hydrogen may be liquid hydrogen stored at a cryogenic temperature. For example, the temperature of the stored liquid hydrogen may be within a temperature range of −255° C. to −241° C., below −255° C., within a range of −240° C. to below −255° C., within a range of −253° C. and −241° C., or any other suitable temperature range that allows the hydrogen to remain in a liquid state while still being within a preselected storage pressure range. The pressure of the stored liquid hydrogen may be within a range of 9 to 12.07 atm, a range of greater than 1 atm to less than 12 atm, or a range of greater than 9 atm to less than 12 atm, 9.0 atm to 11.6 atm, or any other suitable pressure range selected to keep the hydrogen in a liquid state (e.g., 0.2 MPa to 1.1 MPa, greater than 0.2 MPa, 0.5 MPa to 1.2 MPa, greater than 10 psig but less than 135 psig, etc.).

[0040] While the liquid hydrogen 3L is stored in the storage tank 3, hydrogen gas 3G may be formed within the storage tank 3. This hydrogen gas 3G may be vented from the storage tank 3 to provide cooling for the pump 5 via a cool-down process as discussed further below. The hydrogen gas 3G may be utilized alone and / or in combination with a supply of liquid hydrogen 3L to provide cool-down and / or rapid start-up operations. In other situations, liquid hydrogen 3L may be utilized for cool-down and / or rapid start-up operations without the use of hydrogen gas 3G.

[0041] For embodiments where there is an on-site hydrogen generation system 2, the storage tank 3 may store hydrogen output from the hydrogen generation system 2 and hold the hydrogen therein until a demand for hydrogen for at least one dispenser 9 at the fuel station results in a need for the stored hydrogen to be pumped from the storage tank 3 for delivery to one or more dispensers 9 via at least one pump 5 and flow control manifold (FCM) 7. The hydrogen output from the hydrogen generation system may be liquefied for storage as liquid hydrogen in the storage tank 3. In other embodiments, the storage tank 3 may be configured to store hydrogen at a preselected storage temperature and a preselected storage pressure and hold the liquid hydrogen therein until a demand for hydrogen for at least one dispenser 9 at the fuel station results in a need for the stored hydrogen to be pumped from the storage tank 3 for delivery to one or more dispensers 9 via at least one pump 5 and flow control manifold (FCM) 7.

[0042] The hydrogen stored in the at least one storage tank 3 may be hydrogen that is at least 99.97 mole percent (mol%) hydrogen in some embodiments. The stored hydrogen may also include a concentration of impurities of up to 300 ppm (e.g., in the range of 0 ppm to 300 ppm) in some embodiments. The maximum impurities of 300 ppm (e.g., impurities in the range of 0 ppm to 300 ppm cumulatively) may include water present in the range of 0 ppm to 5 ppm, total hydrocarbons excluding methane or other monocarbon equivalent hydrocarbons in the range of 0 ppm to 2 ppm, oxygen in the range of 0 ppm to 5 ppm, methane in the range of 0 ppm to 100 ppm, helium in the range of 0 ppm to 300 ppm, nitrogen in the range of 0 ppm to 300 ppm, argon in the range of 0 ppm to 300 ppm, carbon dioxide in the range of 0 ppm to 2 ppm, carbon monoxide in the range of 0 ppm to 0.2 ppm, total sulfur compounds in the range of 0 ppm to 0.004 ppm, formaldehyde in the range of 0 ppm to 0.2 ppm, formic acid in the range of 0 ppm to 0.2 ppm, ammonia in the range of 0 ppm to 0.1 ppm, and halogen-based compounds in the range of 0 ppm to 0.05 ppm.

[0043] Hydrogen stored in the storage tank 3 may be delivered to the FCM 7 for delivery to at least one dispenser 9 for dispensing into a fuel tank of a vehicle (e.g., a car, truck, boat, etc.). A hydrogen supply conduit 4 may be arranged to deliver hydrogen from the storage tank 3 to the pump 5 such that the pump 5 increases the pressure of the hydrogen to a preselected hydrogen supply pressure and assists in driving the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank 3 towards the FCM 7.

[0044] The liquid hydrogen output from the pump 5 may be fed to a heat exchanger 6 (e.g., a vaporizer, other type of heat exchanger, etc.) to warm the hydrogen output from the pump 5 to a preselected temperature within a preselected temperature range. A portion of the hydrogen output from the pump may be passed through a bypass conduit 6a to bypass the heat exchanger 6. The bypass conduit 6a may include a bypass conduit arrangement 6bp including one or more control valves 6acv to control the portion of the hydrogen output from the pump 5 that is passed through the bypass conduit 6a to bypass the heat exchanger 6. The bypassed portion may be fed to mix with the portion of the hydrogen output from the heat exchanger 6 such that the hydrogen supplied to the FCM 7 is at a preselected temperature or within a preselected temperature range. The bypassed portion may allow the heat exchanger 6 to operate more efficiently by reducing the capacity required for the heat exchanger 6 to warm the hydrogen through use of the bypassed portion. This may reduce operating costs and provide for more efficient operation of the heat exchanger 6.

[0045] In some embodiments, the bypass conduit configuration 6bp for the bypass conduit 6a may include a separate refrigeration or refrigeration system to help provide temperature control for the FCM and / or the blending of hydrogen streams for supply to the dispenser. While this may be utilized, it is also contemplated that embodiments may be configured such that utilization of the cooling processes discussed herein may reduce the need for a refrigeration system (e.g., allowing its use to be avoided or allowing a smaller sized system to be used) as a result of the quick start-up of the pump 5 and relatively immediate filling of the vehicle fuel tank that may be provided by an embodiment of the pump 5 utilizing an embodiment of our cool-down process.

[0046] In yet another embodiment, a first bypass conduit 6a may be utilized to bypass the heat exchanger for subsequent mixing with the warmed hydrogen output from the heat exchanger 6. There may be a separate second conduit configuration to provide additional venting options as a backup or supplement to the venting that may be provided by the cool down discharge conduit 4b.

[0047] The FCM 7 may be fluidly connected between the pump 5 and the at least one dispenser 9 to receive hydrogen output from the heat exchanger 6 and / or the bypass conduit arrangement 6bp of the bypass conduit 6a to supply hydrogen to the at least one dispenser 9 for dispensing into the vehicle's fuel tank. Other units may be disposed between the pump 5 and the FCM 7. For example, there may be at least one heat exchanger 6 downstream of the pump 5 and upstream of the FCM 7 after the hydrogen pressure has been increased via the pump 5 to warm the hydrogen to a preselected FCM supply temperature before it is received by the FCM.

[0048] In some embodiments, there may be a second pump (not shown) arranged in parallel with the first pump 5 and / or to act as a backup for the first pump 5. In such embodiments where the second pump is configured to operate in parallel with the first pump 5, the second pump may utilize a similar flow path and conduit configuration. There may also be a second heat exchanger (not shown) arranged between the second pump (not shown) and the FCM 7, for example, to condition the temperature of the hydrogen output from the second pump before it is received by the FCM 7. In situations where the second pump acts as a backup pump, the second pump may be connected to the same conduits as the first pump and placed in line to replace the first pump due to maintenance or repair issues or other issues that may affect the operation of the first pump.

[0049] There may also be a higher pressure reservoir 8 in fluid communication with the FCM to receive hydrogen from the FCM 7 to store the hydrogen at a higher pressure after the pressure of the hydrogen has been increased via pump 5 and passed through heat exchanger 6 and / or a bypass to cool the output of heat exchanger 6. The high pressure reservoir 8 may maintain the hydrogen therein at a second pressure that is higher than the first pressure of the storage tank 3. The pressure for this high pressure storage may be set higher than the pressure at which the vehicle tank is to be maintained to help facilitate dispensing of hydrogen into the tank via the FCM 7 and / or dispenser 9.

[0050] The FCM 7 can be fluidly connected to one or more dispensers 9 of a fuel dispensing system to provide hydrogen to the dispensers for dispensing into at least one fuel tank of one or more vehicles or other devices. The FCM 7 may be configured to simultaneously distribute hydrogen to one or more dispensers of a fuel station to provide hydrogen to the dispensers for fueling into the fuel tanks of various vehicles or other devices located near the dispensers receiving the hydrogen. The supply of hydrogen at the dispensers may occur before or after payment for the hydrogen has been made at the fuel station or at a dispenser kiosk at the fuel station.

[0051] Hydrogen fueling stations are often not used at all or have very minimal use for many hours, if not most, of the day. However, when in use, there may be a large demand for hydrogen at the fueling station. Ample storage for hydrogen fuel is often provided so that the station can accommodate high demand when it is present. When a high demand condition occurs (e.g., when a vehicle needs to be refueled at the fueling station, when fueling of multiple vehicle fuel tanks occurs at the fueling station, etc.), it may be necessary to quickly activate the pump 5 to help drive the flow of hydrogen out of the storage tank 3 and toward the FCM 7 for dispensing via one or more dispensers. The inventors have determined that it may be beneficial to enable a more rapid pump activation so that the fueling station can more quickly adjust from a no demand situation to a high demand situation and avoid undue delays in filling the vehicle fuel tanks at the fueling dispenser 9. In some embodiments, this faster start-up may be provided through the use of a cool-down operation that is part of a rapid start-up process that may allow the pump to cool down to the desired operating temperature within a relatively rapid period of time (e.g., less than 10 minutes, less than 5 minutes, less than 2.5 minutes while lasting more than 5 seconds). In other embodiments, this fast start-up time may be provided by a cool-down operation that may take a significant amount of time (e.g., up to 2 hours, more than 30 minutes and less than 3 hours, etc.) that serves to bring the pump 5 to the desired operating temperature so that the pump may be available for a quick start-up upon demand at an existing dispenser while avoiding significant hydrogen loss that may occur via a traditional pump soaking approach. The embodiments may address high demand situations to provide a quick start-up while also addressing other situations where there is demand at the dispenser of the fueling station that are not necessarily considered to be high demand occurrences.

[0052] The inventors have also determined that providing for rapid start-up of the pump 5 can help minimize or eliminate the need for higher pressure storage. Higher pressure storage can be relatively expensive to provide and can utilize significant space at a fueling station. Higher pressure storage can be minimized, if not eliminated, by employing a pump 5 that can be activated within a relatively quick time period (e.g., within 0.5 to 5 minutes of the dispenser being actuated to provide fuel to a vehicle). This advantageous feature can be particularly utilized in embodiments where the pump 5 can remain operational very quickly without having an additional heat load on the cryogenic storage tank (e.g., the low pressure storage tank 3) or significant additional heat load on the tank. For example, maintaining the pump at a preselected cool down temperature that avoids significant hydrogen loss from hydrogen stored in the low pressure storage tank 3 can help improve the efficiency provided by the rapid start-up feature of the pump 5.

[0053] For example, some embodiments of the cool-down process may minimize wasted hydrogen product by initially utilizing cryogenic hydrogen gas from the storage tank 3 to cool the pump (reduced heat load due to removal of warmer vapor from the storage tank 3). This type of cool-down also helps to avoid a situation where the liquid hydrogen supplied to the pump 5 boils due to the temperature of the conduit leading to the pump 5, which may prevent liquid from reaching the pump 5 because the vapor formed via the boiling liquid cannot return to the tank via the conduit through which the liquid is supplied. Such vapor may need to be vented (and subsequently lost) to allow liquid to pass to the pump 5, which may reduce the heat load on the tank 3 and provide additional pump cooling. An embodiment of the cool-down process that prevents liquid from entering the pump 5 during the cool-down operation may reduce the need to vent generated gases and gases formed from liquid that boils into vapor as it passes from the storage tank 3 to the pump 5. Such a cool down operation can help facilitate rapid start-up of the pump in an efficient and improved manner so that the pump can be activated quickly in response to demand at the dispenser 9.

[0054] As best seen in FIGS. 2-4, the pump 5 may be arranged and configured to facilitate improved cool-down operation such that start-up of the pump 5 may occur in a relatively short time (e.g., less than 5 minutes, 2 minutes or less, 30 seconds or less, within the range of 15 seconds to 3 minutes, or 5 seconds to 2.5 minutes, etc.). The cool-down operation may be performed such that the pump 5 may be started without venting downstream piping or flowing product through the pump 5 to atmosphere (although this functionality may still be provided via a pump vent conduit configuration for use in situations where this may be necessary due to unanticipated performance issues, component failure, etc.). Such improved cool-down operation may allow the fueling station to adapt to demand more quickly, allowing improved operation of the fueling station to more quickly fill vehicle tanks or allow dispensers to otherwise be operated to fill fuel tanks. The inventors believe that embodiments may also provide significant improvements in avoiding hydrogen loss due to a significant reduction in the loss of stored hydrogen that occurs compared to pump-submerged approaches. Additionally, embodiments may allow less high pressure storage capacity to be required or allow the elimination of higher pressure storage.

[0055] The hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 may include conduits fluidly connecting the storage tank 3 to the pump 5, and the pump 5 to the FCM 7 and the dispenser 9. For example, the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 may include a liquid supply conduit 4a connected between the storage tank 3 and a supply inlet 5a of the pump 5 to supply 3 L of liquid hydrogen to the pump 5. The hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 may also include a hydrogen gas provide conduit 4g, which may be configured to receive hydrogen gas 3G in the storage tank 3 and output hydrogen gas 3G to supply the hydrogen gas to the pump 5 to perform a cool-down operation of the pump.

[0056] In some embodiments, the pump 5 may have a supply inlet 5a that includes multiple supply inlets, including a gas supply inlet 4go in fluid communication with the gas supply conduit 4g and a liquid supply inlet 4ao in fluid communication with the liquid supply conduit 4a. In other embodiments (as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2), the pump 5 may include a supply inlet 5a with a single supply inlet in fluid communication with the gas supply conduit 4g and the liquid supply conduit 4a. In embodiments with a single supply inlet, the gas supply conduit 4g may include a segment 9g (shown in dashed lines) that connects to the liquid supply conduit 4a such that a mixture of liquid and gas or only gas can pass to the pump 5 through the single pump supply inlet 5a. It should be understood that this segment 9g of the gas supply conduit 4g may also be present in embodiments that may utilize multiple supply inlets for the pump 5 to provide additional flow path options for cool-down or other operations.

[0057] The cool-down discharge conduit 4b may be connected to the pump 5 to facilitate venting of hydrogen to atmosphere such that hydrogen passed through the pump to perform the cool-down operation of the pump is discharged to vent cool-down hydrogen output from the pump 5 during cool-down operation, thereby preventing cool-down operation hydrogen from being sent downstream from the pump 5 (e.g., to the heat exchanger 6 or FCM 7). The hydrogen vent may also provide a pressure differential to help drive the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank 3 to the pump 5 and then out of the pump for venting, such that other equipment is not needed to help drive the flow of hydrogen to perform the cool-down operation to cool the pump down to a preselected operating temperature or to maintain the pump at such temperature.

[0058] The pump discharge conduit 4d of the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 can connect the pump 5 to the heat exchanger 6 and the FCM 7, so that the liquid hydrogen output from the pump 5 via the pump discharge 4d can pass through the heat exchanger 6 to be warmed to a desired preselected FCM supply temperature within a preselected temperature range, and then sent to the FCM 7 via the FCM supply conduit 4e of the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4, which can be connected between the heat exchanger 6 and the FCM 7. The pump discharge conduit 4d can be separate from the cool-down discharge conduit 4b. The hydrogen gas sent from the pump via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b can be free from passing through a portion of the pump discharge conduit 4d. Also, the hydrogen output from the pump 5 via the pump discharge conduit 4d does not pass through the cool-down discharge conduit 4b, since the hydrogen sent to the pump discharge conduit 4d passes towards the FCM 7 and at least one dispenser 9.

[0059] The preselected temperature range may be close to the temperature at which the fuel is discharged into the fuel tank to help minimize the heat of compression within the vehicle fuel tank. In some embodiments, the preselected temperature range may be between -40°C and 50°C, between -20°F and -40°F, or between -25°C and -40°C.

[0060] The hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 may also include a hydrogen bypass conduit arrangement 6bp connected to the pump discharge conduit 4d so that hydrogen can be vented to atmosphere via vent conduit 4f as a secondary or back-up means of cooling for the pump, and / or so that a portion of the hydrogen can bypass the heat exchanger 6 via the heat exchanger bypass conduit arrangement 6bp to be used to mix with the hydrogen supplied to the FCM 7 to maintain the hydrogen in a desired temperature range before the hydrogen is sent to the FCM 7. The use of a bypass conduit arrangement to allow a portion of the hydrogen to bypass the heat exchanger 6 may help reduce the load on the heat exchanger 6 to save on operational costs of maintaining hydrogen at a desired pre-selected FCM supply temperature range. For example, to provide such a bypass flow that bypasses the heat exchanger 6, the control valve 4acv for the pump 5 and the downstream vent of the conduit can be closed, while another valve in the bypass conduit arrangement 6bp can be opened to allow a flow of a portion of the hydrogen to bypass the heat exchanger 6 through the bypass conduit arrangement and thereafter mix with the warmed portion of the hydrogen that has been passed through the heat exchanger 6 and is output from the heat exchanger 6.

[0061] Check valves 4cv may be arranged in the conduit arrangement 4. Each check valve 4cv may be configured to prevent hydrogen from flowing backward in the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement, so that hydrogen is prevented from flowing backward (e.g., back upstream towards the storage tank 3 or the pump 5) from the check valve 4cv after it has been passed through it. For example, at least one check valve 4cv may be arranged between the heat exchanger 6 and the pump 5, so that hydrogen cannot flow backward towards the pump 5 after it has been passed through the check valve. As another example, at least one check valve 4cv may be connected to the cool-down discharge conduit 4b, so that hydrogen output from the pump 5 during the cool-down operation cannot flow back to the pump after it has been passed through the check valve 4cv.

[0062] The hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 may also include an adjustable control valve 4acv that can be adjusted between a fully closed position and a fully open position to guide fluid flow through the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 along a desired flow path.

[0063] For example, a first adjustable control valve 4acv1 may be connected to the cool-down discharge conduit 4b and opened to allow venting of hydrogen gas to the atmosphere and to provide a pressure differential so that hydrogen gas and / or liquid pumped from the tank is supplied to the pump 5 to perform the cool-down operation prior to commencing pumping to drive liquid towards the FCM 7 and / or dispenser 9. A second adjustable control valve 4acv2 may be provided between the tank and the cool-down discharge conduit 4b and kept closed when the first adjustable control valve 4acv is open and opened when the second first adjustable control valve 4acv is closed to allow hydrogen gas to return towards the tank 3 when the pump is operated to drive liquid hydrogen towards the dispenser 9 and / or FCM 7.

[0064] The bypass conduit arrangement 6bp may include a third adjustable control valve 4avc3, a fourth adjustable control valve 4avc4, and a fifth adjustable control valve 4acv5. The third adjustable control valve 4acv3 may be an unloader valve that may be opened to allow venting of the conduit between the pump 5 and the heat exchanger 6. For such venting, the fourth adjustable control valve 4acv4 may be in a closed position, while the fifth adjustable control valve 4acv5 may be in an open position. To facilitate the flow of hydrogen that bypasses the heat exchanger 6 and may be remixed with the liquid output from the heat exchanger 6, the fifth adjustable control valve 4acv5 may be closed and the third and fourth adjustable control valves 4acv3 and 4acv4 may be opened.

[0065] Temperature sensors TE may also be connected to the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 and / or to different units of the apparatus, such as the pump 5. The temperature sensors TE may measure the temperature of the hydrogen in the conduits and / or the pump 5 to monitor the operation of the pump, the status of the cool-down operation, or other conditions where the measured temperature may be related to the operation of the apparatus. In some embodiments, the temperature sensors may be thermocouples or other types of temperature sensors. Embodiments may also utilize flow sensors, pressure sensors, or other types of sensors to monitor the operation of the pump 5, valves of the conduit arrangement 4, and other units for automated control of the operation of the units. Such sensors may be communicatively connected to a controller CTRL or other units of an automated process control system, so that measurement data obtained from the sensors may be provided to the control system to monitor the operation and automatically control the operation of the apparatus.

[0066] As can be best understood from FIGS. 3 and 4, the pump 5 may include a cylinder 5C and a movable piston 5p. A movable piston rod 5r may extend through the cylinder to move the piston 5p, which is adjustably positioned within the compression cavity 5cav via retraction or extension of the piston rod 5r to which the piston 5p is attached, to increase the pressure of the hydrogen for delivery from the storage tank 5 to one or more dispensers 9. A pump drive motor or other piston rod moving mechanism may be coupled to the piston rod 5r to drive the movement of the piston 5p within the compression cavity 5cav. Hydrogen may be received at the pump inlet 5a and pass through a main supply inlet 5fi to be delivered into the compression cavity 5cav. Compressed hydrogen fluid may be output from this cavity via a pump outlet 4do connected to a pump outlet conduit 4d by the movement of the piston 5p when the pump drive motor is activated and operates to move the piston 5p. Liquid hydrogen may then be received from the storage tank, fed to the compression cavity 5cav where it undergoes compression, and pumped from the compression cavity 5cav through the pump discharge valve 5dv to the pump discharge 4do.

[0067] The pump 5 may also be configured to allow a flow of hydrogen gas through the pump 5 during a cool-down operation. For example, hydrogen from the tank 3 may be sent into the compression cavity 5cav to cool the pump, thereby allowing hydrogen gas to pass into the compression cavity 5cav when the pump is off, i.e., inactive (e.g., when the piston 5p is not moved through the movement of the piston rod 5r driven by the pump drive motor to increase the pressure of the hydrogen to output through the pump outlet 4do). Hydrogen can be output from the storage tank via the opening of a valve connected to the cool-down outlet conduit 4b to vent the hydrogen gas to the atmosphere. Hydrogen from the tank 3 may be output as hydrogen gas 3g via the hydrogen gas supply conduit 4g and / or as liquid hydrogen via the liquid supply conduit 4a. A flow of hydrogen may be induced via the opening of a valve in the cool-down outlet conduit 4b for venting hydrogen.

[0068] Hydrogen sent to the pump 5 while the pump is off can pass as cool-down inlet cooling flow 5cfi through the main supply inlet 5fi into the compression cavity 5cav so that hydrogen gas can flow along a cooling path for cooling the pump to a desired operating temperature within a preselected operating temperature range. The hydrogen gas sent along this flow can be gas supplied to the pump 5 as hydrogen gas 3G or gas generated by warming the liquid hydrogen 3L supplied to the pump as it cools the internal parts of the pump and / or the supply conduits, whereby during the cooling process at least a portion of the liquid transitions to its gaseous state and this gas formed can pass along a cooling path including the inlet cooling flow 5cfi that passes into the compression cavity 5cav for subsequent passage through other internal pump components before being pumped out via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b for discharge to the atmosphere via the vent.

[0069] A cooling path for cooling the pump to a desired operating temperature within a preselected operating temperature range may be defined such that a cooling flow of hydrogen gas passes from within the compression cavity 5cav through a piston ring 5pr disposed adjacent the compression cavity 5cav to assist in sealing the cavity. The piston ring 5pr is disposed to provide sealing of the compression cavity 5cav between the movable piston 5p and the compression cavity 5cav during operation of the pump via movement of the piston 5p within the compression cavity 5cav, however, the sealing is not a perfect seal against hydrogen gas and the flow of hydrogen gas may be allowed to flow through the ring 5pr. Such a flow of hydrogen gas during the cool-down operation is shown in Figures 3 and 4 as initial hydrogen cooling flow 5cfr, which is a cooling flow of hydrogen gas that may pass from the compression cavity 5cav to the piston ring 5pr to provide a hydrogen gas cooling flow 5cf that moves along and through the piston ring during the cool-down operation. When the ring experiences wear, hydrogen gas may pass through the piston ring 5pr more easily than when the ring is in a newer, unworn condition. When the piston 5p is not moved during the cool-down operation, hydrogen gas can flow from the compression cavity 5cav through the piston ring. The cool-down operation cooling flow passage of hydrogen gas can pass through the piston 5p along the segment 5cfp of the hydrogen cooling flow of the cool-down operation to pass along the piston rod 5r, through the piston ring, and discharge from the cooling outlet 4bo of the cool-down discharge conduit 4b as the outlet segment 5cfo of the hydrogen cooling flow of the cool-down operation. The outlet flow of the hydrogen cooling flow for the cool-down operation can be sent from the cooling outlet 4bo to be vented to the atmosphere via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b.

[0070] The cool-down cooling flow of hydrogen gas can pass along the piston 5p toward the cooling outlet 4bo of the cool-down discharge conduit 4b. Prior to passing through the cooling outlet 4bo, the hydrogen cooling flow can pass to the non-compressed side of the piston 5p as shown by the hydrogen cooling flow passage segment 5cfp shown in Figures 3 and 4. The cooling outlet 4bo is a cooling flow outlet positioned such that the hydrogen gas cooling flow passes from the non-compressed side of the piston (e.g., beyond the piston 5p adjacent to a portion of the piston rod 5r) before being output from the cooling outlet 4bo, and may be connectable to the cool-down discharge conduit 4b to vent the hydrogen cooling flow of the cool-down operation to the outside atmosphere via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b.

[0071] In some embodiments, at least one cooling channel 5ci may be defined within the pump 5 such that a portion of the hydrogen gas may pass from the supply inlet 5a of the pump 5 through at least one cooling channel 5ci in fluid communication with the supply inlet 5a of the pump 5 to other internal portions of the pump 5. The cooling channel 5ci may be in fluid communication with the interior side of the cylinder 5C or other pump portion for cooling other portions of the pump via the hydrogen gas. In some embodiments, the cooling channel 5ci may be at least one drilled passage or other defined passage such that a portion of the hydrogen gas delivered to the uncompressed side of the piston 5p as shown by the hydrogen cooling flow segment 5cfp shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 may pass through the cooling channel 5ci for cooling other internal portions of the pump 5.

[0072] In some embodiments, at least one cooling channel 5ci may be utilized to supplement the flow of cooled hydrogen gas passed through the pump during cool down operation via the compression cavity 5cav to help more efficiently and quickly cool other internal components of the pump. In still other embodiments, the internal cooling channel 5ci may not be present or utilized.

[0073] The hydrogen used for cooling passed through the cooling channel 5ci may be output from the pump via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b and / or via the vapor return of the pump 5. For example, the flow of hydrogen gas may be passed through at least one cooling channel 5ci, which may extend from a position adjacent the piston rod 5r to a position adjacent the discharge valve 5dv of the pump, and / or through the discharge port 4do with which the pump discharge conduit 4d is in fluid communication and the discharge valve 5dv with which the discharge port 4do is in fluid communication, to an internal discharge path for discharge of hydrogen. The hydrogen may then be sent back to the compression cavity 5cav for output via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b for venting to atmosphere.

[0074] After the pump is actuated and pumping action commences via movement of the piston rod 5r, blow-by of hydrogen gas back to the tank 3 during operation of the pump 5 can be provided by adjustment of the control valve 4acv to an open position after the valve 4acv is closed to allow venting from the cool-down discharge conduit 4b, thereby allowing hydrogen gas to pass out of the pump 5 and back to the tank 3 via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b while the pump is actuated. For example, in some embodiments, the control valve 4acv of the cool-down discharge conduit 4b may be adjusted to close the valve for venting and open the valve to allow output of hydrogen gas via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b and return hydrogen gas to the tank 3 when the pump is actuated to compress the liquid hydrogen and provide a blow-by path of travel for the hydrogen gas.

[0075] In an alternative configuration, the pump 5 may be configured such that the hydrogen gas supply conduit 4g can provide hydrogen gas blow-by while the pump is operated to compress fluid in the compression cavity 5cav. In such a configuration, the valve in the vent cool-down discharge conduit 4b may be closed such that hydrogen gas blow-by is routed internally through the pump to the hydrogen gas supply conduit 4g while the pump 5 is operated to compress liquid hydrogen for delivery to the FCM 7, thereby causing this conduit to function as a vapor return to the storage tank 3.

[0076] As described above, the pump may remain inactive (e.g., the pump drive motor may remain off or not operate) to help facilitate the flow of hydrogen from the tank 3 to the pump 5 to perform the cool-down operation. An adjustable control valve in the cool-down discharge conduit 4b, which is in fluid communication with the pump 5 and the storage tank 3 via the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4, may be opened to vent the tank 3 to the outside atmosphere. Opening the valve to vent via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b (as shown by the word "Vent" in FIG. 2) may adjust the pressure in the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 such that hydrogen flows at a lower rate from the storage tank 3 to the pump supply inlet 5a to pass through the pump cavity 5cav along the hydrogen cooling flow path for the cool-down operation as discussed above before being vented via the cool-down discharge conduit 4b. Examples of such low rates may include flow rates that are 0.53 kg / hr + / - 30%, rates between 0.1 kg / hr and 0.8 kg / hr, or rates that are between 0.4 kg / hr and 0.6 kg / hr. As another example of a low rate, some embodiments may utilize a flow rate that may be in the range of 0.1 kg / hr to 0.6 kg / hr.

[0077] The flow of hydrogen may include the flow of hydrogen gas 3G via hydrogen gas supply conduit 4g, and / or liquid hydrogen 3L via liquid supply conduit 4a. The control valves 4acv in these conduits may be opened to facilitate this flow of hydrogen to the pump 5 while the pump is deactivated for cool down operation while the vent control valve is open.

[0078] As a result of the cool-down operation, a relatively small amount of hydrogen is lost through venting of hydrogen to the atmosphere, however, this loss of hydrogen is acceptable in view of the significant reduction in the time required for rapid start-up of pump 5 that can be provided by utilizing the cool-down process.

[0079] Additionally, the hydrogen utilized for the cool down operation may be hydrogen gas 3G or may include hydrogen gas 3G that may otherwise need to be vented from the storage tank 3. The use of hydrogen gas 3G for cooling in the cool down operation prior to venting the gas 3G may provide a more efficient utilization of this hydrogen gas 3G formed as a result of the storage of liquid hydrogen in the low pressure storage tank 3. This may further improve operational efficiency by utilizing the hydrogen gas 3G for useful operational purposes prior to venting the gas to the atmosphere.

[0080] In some situations where the pump 5 is expected to be inactive for relatively long periods of time, the cool-down operation may be performed solely through the use of hydrogen gas 3G. Such an operation may result in a cool-down operation taking 1-3 hours in some embodiments. Once the pump is at the desired temperature, the cool-down operation may be maintained through the use of a cooling flow of hydrogen gas 3G at a low rate, either continuously or at regular intervals. This can help to maintain the pump at the desired temperature near times when demand at the fueling station is expected to be high, while minimizing hydrogen loss through the use of gas in the tank 3 that would otherwise have to be vented. This quick start feature may also be beneficial in other, non-high demand situations. For example, the quick start feature may be advantageous for fueling vehicle fuel tanks in low demand situations, since such a feature helps to minimize, if not eliminate, the need for high pressure storage or other above-ground storage of hydrogen downstream from the pump.

[0081] In other situations, the cool-down operation may also utilize 3 L of liquid hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen supplied to the pump 5 for the cool-down operation while the pump is inactive may cool the pump to the desired operating temperature more quickly, allowing the cool-down operation to be performed more quickly (e.g., within 1-3 minutes, within 5 minutes, 30 seconds to 3 minutes, 30 seconds to 2 minutes, etc.). The use of liquid hydrogen may be utilized for the cool-down operation when demand at the dispenser becomes unexpectedly high after the pump has been inactive for a sufficient period of time and warmed to too high a temperature (e.g., higher than would fall within a preselected operating temperature range). 3 L of liquid hydrogen may be utilized in the cool-down operation, either alone or in combination with the use of hydrogen gas 3G. As discussed above, if liquid hydrogen is used, much of the liquid hydrogen may vaporize during the cool-down process because the liquid hydrogen heats up as it absorbs heat from the pump components and liquid supply conduits during the cool-down operation. The formed hydrogen gas, which is formed from the heating of the hydrogen liquid caused by the liquid hydrogen acting as a cooling medium, can pass along the cooling path flow as discussed above.

[0082] Temperature sensors and other control elements that may be communicatively connected to the controller CTRL may be utilized to monitor and control the cool-down operation. For example, a first temperature sensor TE may monitor the temperature of hydrogen delivered to the pump supply inlet 5a, and a second temperature sensor TE may be positioned to monitor the temperature of hydrogen output (e.g., vented) to the atmosphere (e.g., a second temperature sensor TE connected to the cool-down discharge conduit 4b). Temperature measurement data from the first and second temperature sensors TE may be transmitted to the controller CTRL for evaluation of the data to monitor the cool-down operation for subsequent control of other valves, and to activate a pump drive motor to initiate operation of the pump after the pump is at a sufficiently low operating temperature within a preselected operating temperature range and there is a demand for hydrogen as fuel in one or more dispensers 9.

[0083] The controller CTRL may be a computing device having a processor connected to a non-transitory memory and at least one transceiver for communicating with sensors and other elements of the plant and / or equipment. The controller may be configured to evaluate temperature data received from the temperature sensor TE to determine a difference between an inlet temperature of hydrogen supplied to the pump 5 for the cool-down operation (e.g., a temperature determined from data of a first temperature sensor TE, which may be located in the pump 5 or in the pump inlet 5a) and an outlet temperature of hydrogen sent for venting during the cool-down operation (e.g., a temperature determined from data of a second temperature sensor TE, which may be located in the cool-down discharge conduit 4b or the cooling flow outlet 4bo). If it is determined that the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures determined from the data received from the first and second temperature sensors is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold (e.g., the difference is within 200°F or 115°C, within 100°F or 60°C, within 50°F or 30°C, or other suitable range) and the pump temperature is also below the preselected operating temperature (e.g., the pump's first temperature sensor TE provides measurement data indicating that the pump temperature is below -200°F, below -300°F, below -350°F, below -400°F, below -240°C, below -180°C, etc.), then the pump 5 may be determined to be at the desired operating temperature for operation. This temperature confirmation process may be performed after the controller CTRL has determined that there is a demand for liquid hydrogen in one or more dispensers 9 such that operation of the pump 5 is desired.

[0084] In response to this determination, the controller CTRL may communicate with other elements for adjusting the valve 4acv of the hydrogen supply conduit arrangement 4 and operating other units of the apparatus. For example, after the pump operating temperature condition is met, the cool-down operation may be stopped by closing the valve 4acv for venting the conduit arrangement 4, and the pump drive motor may be turned on for the pump 5 to start driving the flow of 3 L of liquid hydrogen out of the storage tank 3 through the pump 5 via the pump outlet 4do and through the pump outlet conduit 4d to supply liquid hydrogen at increased pressure from the storage tank 3 towards the FCM 7 and the dispenser 9.

[0085] The controller CTRL may send a communication to the valves and pumps 5 to automatically control this operation, or the CTRL may be configured to cause a display of an indication related to this detected condition to be displayed to an operator via a display communicatively connected to the controller CTRL to facilitate the operator providing an input using an input device to initiate adjustment of the valves and starting of the pump drive motors. In response to receiving this input, the controller CTRL may then send a communication to adjust the valves and start the pump drive motors, etc., such that demand for liquid hydrogen in one or more dispensers may be met by supplying liquid hydrogen from the pumps to the dispensers.

[0086] For example, in response to determining that (i) there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at the dispenser 9, (ii) the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold, and (iii) the pump temperature via the pump's temperature sensor TE indicates that the pump is at a temperature that is at or below the preselected operating temperature threshold, the controller CTRL may send a communication to close the valve of the cool-down discharge conduit 4b to stop venting of hydrogen, and to turn on the pump 5 by turning on the pump drive motor to move the piston 5p of the pump 5 within the compression cavity 5cav to deliver hydrogen from the storage tank 3 towards one or more dispensers 9. These communications may be sent automatically or after receiving input from an operator.

[0087] The detection of the pump 5 being at a desired operating temperature for start-up of the pump after a cool-down operation has been performed to meet the demand for liquid hydrogen in the dispenser 9 may be adapted to meet a number of different sets of design criteria. In some embodiments, the distal measurement point 5tp of the temperature sensor TE may be located within the pump at a preselected detection location LDS. For a vertical pump, such as the pump 5 shown in FIG. 4, the preselected detection location LDS may be adjacent to the bottom 5btm of the pump cylinder below the main supply inlet 5fi of the compression cavity 5cav. For a horizontal pump, such as the pump 5 shown in FIG. 3, the preselected detection location LDS may be adjacent to the bottom 5btm side of the pump by a weir plate 5wp located adjacent to the main supply inlet 5fi in fluid communication with the compression cavity 5cav. The weir plate 5wp may also be considered a weir baffle or other type of element within the pump that may be utilized to generate a known level vs. flow rate relationship. The distal measurement point 5tp may be located behind the dam plate 5wp such that the dam plate 5wp is between the measurement point 5tp of the temperature sensor TE in the pump 5 and the piston 5p located in the compression cavity 5cav.

[0088] For embodiments of the pump 5 that utilize liquid hydrogen for cool-down operation, the location of the distal measurement point 5tp may be positioned such that the sensor measures the temperature of the liquid hydrogen that has accumulated at the preselected detection location LDS as a result of the cool-down operation flow of hydrogen. This detection may be performed, for example, by the temperature sensor TE detecting a temperature related to the temperature of the liquid cryogenic hydrogen in the tank 3 (e.g., −423° F., −253° C., −400° F., −240° C., or between −423° F. and −350° F., or between −400° F. and −240° C., depending on the calibration of the temperature sensor TE to the operating conditions for the pump).

[0089] This may be done by measuring the temperature of the hydrogen as being between −253° C. and −180° C., etc. Once this is done, it may be determined that the cool down operation has sufficiently cooled the pump 5, and the pump may be started.

[0090] After the pump 5 has cooled sufficiently to begin pumping, one or more valves in the cool-down discharge conduit 4b may be adjusted so that hydrogen (e.g., hydrogen gas) that may pass through the piston rings 5pr during operation of the pump 5 is output from the cooling flow outlet 4bo and sent back to the storage tank 3 (instead of being vented) as discussed above.

[0091] When the pump is operating, hydrogen received by pump 5 via pump supply inlet 5a may be compressed and subsequently output from pump 5 via pump discharge conduit 4d. After being output from pump 5, the liquid hydrogen may pass through heat exchanger 6 where it may be warmed before being supplied to FCM 7 via FCM supply conduit 4e. To facilitate warming of the hydrogen passed through heat exchanger 6, a warming medium may be passed through heat exchanger 6 in a co-current or counter-current manner. The hydrogen may then be delivered from the FCM to one or more dispensers 9.

[0092] When the demand for hydrogen at one or more dispensers 9 is low or stopped, operation of the pump may be stopped (e.g., the pump may be deactivated). The pump 5 may be turned off for an extended period of time and may be warm while off due to the lack of cryogenic hydrogen passing through it. When the pump 5 is turned on again due to the next increase in demand for hydrogen at one or more dispensers 9, a cool-down operation may be performed again before the pump drive motor is activated to ensure that the pump 5 is at the desired operating temperature before being turned on to supply hydrogen to the FCM 7 and one or more dispensers 9. The performance of the cool-down operation may be performed prior to turning on the pump drive motor each time the pump 5 is activated (or reactivated) to flow hydrogen to the FCM 7 and one or more dispensers 9.

[0093] Implementation of embodiments of pump cool-down operations utilizing embodiments of pump 5 and embodiments of an apparatus for cooling pump 5, via hydrogen bypass conduit 6a and vent conduit 4f, may allow pump 5 to cool to a desired operating temperature without requiring venting downstream piping or flowing hydrogen product to atmosphere via pump 5. However, downstream vent conduit 4f, in fluid communication with bypass conduit 6a, may be retained in embodiments of the apparatus to provide maintenance or emergency venting capabilities to account for various problems that may arise during operation.

[0094] An embodiment of a pump cool-down operation utilizing an embodiment of the pump 5 and an embodiment of an apparatus for cooling the pump 5 may allow the pump 5 to be cooled to a desired operating temperature without requiring the pump to be submerged in cryogenic liquid hydrogen or having liquid hydrogen pass through the pump in continuous operation at all times. This may improve energy utilization by avoiding full-time operation of the pump and avoids the high costs and maintenance issues associated with full-time submersion of the pump or continuous operation of the pump or product flow through the pump when not needed. Such a pump submersion approach may result in significant losses, for example, due to significant hydrogen boiling that occurs if the pump is left submerged. In contrast to the pump submersion approach, the inventors believe that an embodiment of the inventors' apparatus and pump cool-down method may avoid significant hydrogen losses that may result from submersion of the pump while it is not operating.

[0095] Embodiments of the pump cool-down operation utilizing embodiments of the pump 5 and embodiments of the apparatus for cooling the pump 5 enable the pump 5 to reduce hydrogen loss by reducing the amount of hydrogen venting required for pump cool-down, facilitate faster pump start-up times with a pressurized discharge line to reduce hydrogen loss and shorten pump start-up times, enable faster pump start-up times for direct filling of vehicles at the dispenser 9 while helping to minimize the need for gas storage or secondary pre-cooling systems for the fueling station, and can provide efficient cooling by flowing hydrogen along a cooled hydrogen gas discharge path internal to the pump.

[0096] The inventors have conducted internal experiments and simulations of embodiments of the cool-down operation of the pump of the present invention utilizing embodiments of the pump 5 of the present invention and embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention for cooling the pump 5, and have found that in some situations, the start-up time can be less than 2 minutes (e.g., less than 30 seconds, less than 15 seconds, less than 5 seconds, 5 seconds to 2 minutes, etc.), while in other extreme temperature situations where the pump may have been warmed up to a high ambient temperature, the start-up time can range from 2 to 5 minutes. In other temperature situations, for different experiments conducted using different embodiments and different pump start-up temperatures, the pump 5 was able to be sufficiently cooled with cool-down times requiring less than 20 minutes, cool-down times that were in the range of 4 to 7 minutes, and cool-down times that were less than 5 minutes. Furthermore, when compared to conventional cool-down operations, hydrogen loss can be reduced by more than 50%, providing a significant operational improvement in reducing hydrogen loss.

[0097] It should be understood that embodiments of the apparatus for cooling a pump that may be arranged and configured to facilitate dispensing and / or storage of hydrogen fuel, the apparatus for cooling a pump for cryogenic operation of the pump, embodiments of our pump cool down operation prior to starting the pump drive motor, and methods of manufacture and use thereof may each be configured to include process control elements arranged and configured to monitor and control operation (e.g., an automated process control system having at least one workstation including temperature and pressure sensors, flow sensors, a processor, non-transitory memory, and sensor elements, at least one transceiver for communicating with the valves, and a controller providing a user interface for the automated process control system that may be executed on the workstation and / or another computing device of the apparatus, etc.).

[0098] Some of the exemplary embodiments discussed herein relate to the use of hydrogen. Hydrogen is one example of a cryogenic fluid. Other embodiments of the pump 5 may be utilized with other types of cryogenic fluids (e.g., cryogenic liquid and / or cryogenic gas) instead of hydrogen gas and / or liquid hydrogen. For example, the storage tank 3 may hold other types of cryogenic fluids (e.g., cryogenic helium, cryogenic nitrogen, or cryogenic oxygen). In such embodiments, the pump discharge conduit 4d may supply the pumped liquid to the plant element for subsequent use instead of the FCM 7 and / or the dispenser 9. For such embodiments, the liquid supply conduit 4a may be considered as the liquid cryogenic supply conduit 4a. In such embodiments, the demand at the dispenser 9 may also not be a criterion for activation of the pump 5 via the controller CTRL. Instead, other control criteria may be included in addition to the operating temperature criteria (e.g., the demand for cryogenic liquid or cryogenic fluid to the plant element or air separation unit element). It should therefore be understood that the exemplary embodiment of the hydrogen fueling station is an example, and that other embodiments and applications are contemplated in addition to use in a hydrogen fueling station type environment. The embodiments may alternatively be utilized in an air separation unit, an air separation plant, or other industrial plant that may utilize one or more cryogenic liquids or fluids (e.g., cryogenic oxygen, cryogenic nitrogen, cryogenic helium, etc.). The cooling paths for the pump cool-down operation discussed above with reference to hydrogen gas and / or liquid hydrogen may include the use of different cryogenic gases and cryogenic liquids passing along such flow paths for these embodiments. For example, the cryogenic gas may be cryogenic nitrogen, oxygen, or helium gas instead of hydrogen gas for such embodiments. In such embodiments, the cryogenic liquid used via the pump may pass along the same liquid hydrogen flow path and discharge as discussed above. However, the cryogenic liquid may be sent to a different type of downstream unit instead of the FCM 7 and dispenser 9.

[0099] In such embodiments, the preselected temperature and pressure for storage tank 3 may be different to account for different cryogenic fluids (e.g., the temperature may be lower than the boiling point of the fluid so that the fluid can be maintained as a liquid). For example, for storing and pumping liquid helium, the preselected temperature for storage may be a temperature that is −269° C. or lower. For embodiments in which the cryogenic fluid is cryogenic nitrogen, the preselected temperature for storage may be −196° C. or lower. For embodiments in which the cryogenic fluid is argon, the preselected temperature for storage may be −186° C. or lower. For embodiments in which the cryogenic fluid is oxygen, the preselected temperature for storage may be −182° C. or lower.

[0100] It should also be understood that other modifications to the embodiments explicitly shown and discussed herein may be made to meet a particular set of design objectives or a particular set of design criteria. For example, the configuration of valves, piping, and other conduit elements (e.g., conduit connections, tubes, seals, etc.) for interconnecting different units of the apparatus for fluid communication of fluid flow between the different units may be configured to meet a particular layout design that takes into account the available area of ​​the hydrogen fuel delivery and / or storage system, the sized equipment of the system, and other design considerations. As another example, the flow rates, pressures, and temperatures of fluids passed through various elements of the apparatus and other device elements may be modified to account for the design configurations and other design criteria of different cryogenic fluid storage and use systems. As yet another example, the material compositions for the various structural components of the apparatus may be any type of suitable material as may be required to meet a particular set of design criteria.

[0101] As another example, it is contemplated that certain features described individually or as part of an embodiment may be combined with other individually described features or parts of other embodiments. Thus, elements and operations of various embodiments described herein may be combined to provide further embodiments. Thus, while certain exemplary embodiments of the inventors' apparatus for storing and distributing hydrogen, apparatus for cooling a pump that may be arranged and configured to facilitate distribution of hydrogen fuel, apparatus for cooling a pump for cryogenic operation of the pump, cryogenic pump, and methods of making and using the same have been shown and described above, it should be clearly understood that the invention is not limited thereto and may be otherwise variously practiced and implemented within the scope of the following claims. The present invention includes the following aspects. (1) An apparatus for the storage and distribution of hydrogen, comprising: a pump positioned to receive hydrogen from the at least one storage tank; the pump having a pump outlet for a pump outlet conduit through which liquid can pass from the pump; The pump also has a compression cavity and a movable piston movable within the compression cavity, the pump also having a piston ring disposed adjacent the compression cavity and adjacent the movable piston; the piston ring and the compression cavity are arranged and configured such that hydrogen gas can pass into the compression cavity while the piston is stationary and from the compression cavity, through the piston ring and to a cooling outlet configured in fluid communication with a cooldown discharge conduit for venting the hydrogen gas to atmosphere. (2) a storage tank; a hydrogen supply conduit arrangement including at least one of a liquid supply conduit connected between the storage tank and a supply inlet of the pump to provide liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to the pump, and a hydrogen gas supply conduit connected between the storage tank and a supply inlet of the pump to provide hydrogen gas from the storage tank to the pump; 2. The hydrogen storage and distribution apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cool-down discharge conduit is connected to the pump such that hydrogen gas forced through the cooling outlet can pass from the pump through the cool-down discharge conduit to be vented during cool-down operation of the pump. (3) The apparatus for storing and dispensing hydrogen as described in (2), wherein the cool-down discharge conduit has an adjustable valve adjustable to an open position for venting the hydrogen during cool-down operation of the pump while the pump is inactive. (4) a first temperature sensor connected to the pump to measure a temperature of hydrogen supplied from the storage tank to the pump; and a second temperature sensor connected to the cool-down discharge conduit to monitor the temperature of hydrogen output from the pump for passing through the cool-down discharge conduit. (5) a controller communicatively coupled to the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor to determine a difference between a temperature of the hydrogen delivered from the storage tank to the pump and a temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump through the cool-down discharge conduit; The apparatus for storing and dispensing hydrogen described in (4), wherein the controller is configured to, in response to determining that the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold, determine that the pump is at a temperature within a preselected operating temperature range and determine that the pump is activatable to supply hydrogen to a dispenser. (6) The apparatus for storing and dispensing hydrogen as described in (5), wherein the controller is configured to communicate with a pump drive motor to adjust a valve of a hydrogen supply conduit arrangement and turn on the pump in response to determining that the pump is at a temperature within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold and the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold. (7) The hydrogen storage and distribution apparatus of (4), wherein the pump includes an internal cooling channel arranged to direct a portion of the hydrogen gas to internal pump components after the hydrogen gas passes through the piston as it travels along a cooling flow path toward a cooling outlet. (8) The hydrogen storage and distribution apparatus of (1), wherein the pump includes an internal cooling channel arranged to direct a portion of the hydrogen gas to internal pump components after the hydrogen gas passes through the piston as it travels along a cooling flow path toward a cooling outlet. (9) The hydrogen storage and distribution method according to (8), wherein the cooling channel is defined within a cylinder of the pump. (10) A method of performing a cool down operation of a pump, comprising the steps of: while the pump is inactive, opening a valve in a cooldown discharge conduit connected to a pump in fluid communication with a storage tank to allow hydrogen in the storage tank to pass into a compression cavity of the pump; while a piston of the pump is stationary, pumping the hydrogen from the storage tank into the pump such that hydrogen gas passed into the compression cavity is pumped from the compression cavity through the compression cavity and a piston ring disposed adjacent the piston; and directing the hydrogen gas from the piston ring to the cool-down discharge conduit for venting. (11) determining that the pump is cooled to a temperature that is within a preselected operating pump temperature range; and 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: in response to determining that the pump is at a temperature within the preselected operating pump temperature range and that there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump, closing a valve in the cooldown discharge conduit to stop venting the hydrogen gas, and turning on a pump drive motor to turn on the pump to move the piston of the pump within the compression cavity to supply liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to at least one dispenser. (12) monitoring the temperature of the hydrogen passing through a portion of the pump to measure the temperature of the hydrogen supplied from the storage tank to the pump; and monitoring a temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump for passage through the cool-down discharge conduit. (13) The method of (12), wherein a first temperature sensor connected to the pump measures the temperature of the hydrogen passing through the portion of the pump, and a second temperature sensor connected to the cool-down discharge conduit measures the temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump to pass through the cool-down discharge conduit. (14) A controller communicatively coupled to the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor and configured to determine whether the pump is below a preselected pump operating temperature threshold; 14. The method of claim 13, wherein in response to determining that the pump is below the preselected pump operating temperature threshold, the controller sends a communication to close the valve in the cool-down discharge conduit to stop venting of hydrogen gas. (15) determining a difference between a temperature of the hydrogen passing through the pump and a temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump and passed through the cool-down discharge conduit; (i) in response to determining that the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold, (ii) that the temperature of the hydrogen passing through the pump is within a preselected pump operating temperature range, and (iii) that there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump, closing a valve in the cooldown discharge conduit to stop venting hydrogen and turning on a pump drive motor to turn on the pump to move the piston of the pump within the compression cavity to supply liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to the dispenser. (16) determining that the temperature within the pump is within a preselected operating temperature range for the pump via a temperature sensor coupled to the pump and positioned such that a distal measurement point of the temperature sensor is located within the pump at a preselected sensing location within the pump adjacent a bottom of the pump and / or a dam within the pump; 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: in response to determining that the temperature within the pump is within the preselected operating temperature range and that there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump, closing a valve in the cooldown discharge conduit to stop venting the hydrogen gas, and turning on a pump drive motor to turn on the pump to move the piston of the pump within the compression cavity to supply liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to the dispenser. (17) A pump for a cryogenic fluid storage and distribution system, comprising: a piston connected to a movable piston rod for movement within the compression cavity; a piston ring disposed adjacent the compression cavity and adjacent the piston; the pump having a pump outlet for a pump outlet conduit through which cryogenic liquid can pass from the pump; the piston ring and the compression cavity are configured to allow cryogenic gas to pass into the compression cavity while the piston is stationary, thereby allowing the cryogenic gas to pass from the compression cavity, through the piston ring, and toward a cooling outlet configured in fluid communication with a cooldown discharge conduit for venting the cryogenic gas. (18) The pump according to (17), further comprising a cooldown discharge conduit, the cooling outlet being in fluid communication with the cooldown discharge conduit. (19) The pump according to (18), wherein the cooling outlet is disposed on a non-compression side of the piston. (20) The cryogenic gas is hydrogen gas, the hydrogen gas being formed from liquid hydrogen supplied to the pump and / or hydrogen gas vaporized into hydrogen gas as the liquid hydrogen cools the pump; Nitrogen gas, the nitrogen gas being formed from liquid nitrogen supplied to the pump and / or nitrogen gas that is vaporized into nitrogen gas as the liquid nitrogen cools the pump; Oxygen gas, the oxygen gas being oxygen gas formed from the supplied liquid oxygen and / or oxygen gas that is vaporized into oxygen gas when the liquid oxygen cools the pump; and helium gas, the helium gas being formed from liquid helium supplied to the pump and / or helium gas that is vaporized into helium gas as the pump cools; and the dispenser is greater than the rate at which hydrogen is supplied to the first compressor.

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus for storing and distributing hydrogen, comprising: at least one storage tank; a pump positioned to receive hydrogen from the at least one storage tank; the pump having a pump outlet for a pump outlet conduit through which liquid can pass from the pump; The pump also has a compression cavity and a movable piston movable within the compression cavity, the pump also having a piston ring disposed adjacent the compression cavity and adjacent the movable piston; the piston ring and the compression cavity are arranged and configured such that hydrogen gas can pass into the compression cavity while the movable piston is stationary and from the compression cavity, through the piston ring and to a cooling outlet configured in fluid communication with a cooldown discharge conduit for venting the hydrogen gas to atmosphere. a hydrogen supply conduit arrangement including at least one of a liquid supply conduit connected between the at least one storage tank and a supply inlet of the pump to provide liquid hydrogen from the at least one storage tank to the pump, and a hydrogen gas supply conduit connected between the at least one storage tank and a supply inlet of the pump to provide hydrogen gas from the at least one storage tank to the pump; the cool-down discharge conduit is connected to the pump such that hydrogen gas forced through the cooling outlet can pass from the pump through the cool-down discharge conduit to be vented during cool-down operation of the pump. the cool-down discharge conduit having an adjustable valve adjustable to an open position for venting the hydrogen during cool-down operation of the pump while the pump is inactive. a first temperature sensor connected to the pump for measuring the temperature of hydrogen supplied to the pump from the at least one storage tank; and / or a second temperature sensor connected to the cool-down discharge conduit to monitor the temperature of hydrogen output from the pump for passing through the cool-down discharge conduit; a controller communicatively coupled to the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor to determine a difference between a temperature of the hydrogen delivered from the at least one storage tank to the pump and a temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump through the cool-down discharge conduit; Including, The apparatus for storing and dispensing hydrogen, wherein the controller is configured to, in response to determining that the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold, determine that the pump is at a temperature within a preselected operating temperature range and determine that the pump is activatable to supply hydrogen to a dispenser.

2. 10. The hydrogen storage and distribution apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to communicate with a pump drive motor to adjust valves in a hydrogen supply conduit arrangement and turn on the pump in response to determining that the pump is at a temperature within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold and the difference is within a preselected pump operating temperature threshold.

3. 2. The hydrogen storage and distribution apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pump includes an internal cooling channel positioned to deliver a portion of the hydrogen gas to an internal pump component after the hydrogen gas passes through the movable piston as it travels along a cooling flow path toward a cooling outlet.

4. 4. The hydrogen storage and distribution apparatus of claim 3, wherein said internal cooling channel is defined within a cylinder of said pump.

5. 1. A method of performing a cool down operation of a pump, comprising: while the pump is inactive, opening a valve in a cooldown discharge conduit connected to a pump in fluid communication with a storage tank to allow hydrogen in the storage tank to pass into a compression cavity of the pump; pumping the hydrogen from the storage tank into the pump while the pump piston is stationary, such that hydrogen gas passed into the compression cavity while the pump piston is stationary is passed from the compression cavity through the compression cavity and a piston ring disposed adjacent the piston; venting the hydrogen gas from the piston ring to the cool-down discharge conduit; monitoring the temperature of the hydrogen passing through a portion of the pump to measure the temperature of the hydrogen supplied from the storage tank to the pump; a first temperature sensor coupled to the pump measuring a temperature of the hydrogen passing through the portion of the pump; monitoring the temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump for passage through the cool-down discharge conduit; a second temperature sensor connected to the cool-down discharge conduit measuring a temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump for passing through the cool-down discharge conduit; Including, a controller communicatively coupled to the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor and configured to determine whether the pump is below a preselected pump operating temperature threshold; In response to determining that the pump is below the preselected pump operating temperature threshold, the controller sends a communication to close the valve in the cool-down discharge conduit to stop venting of hydrogen gas.

6. determining that the pump is cooled to a temperature that is within a preselected operating pump temperature range; 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: in response to the controller determining that the pump is at a temperature that is within the preselected operating pump temperature range and that there is a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump for fueling a vehicle, closing a valve in the cooldown discharge conduit to stop venting the hydrogen gas and turning on a pump drive motor to turn on the pump to move the piston of the pump within the compression cavity to supply liquid hydrogen from the storage tank towards the dispenser.

7. determining a difference between a temperature of the hydrogen passing through the pump and a temperature of the hydrogen output from the pump and passed through the cool-down discharge conduit; 6. The method of claim 5, comprising: in response to determining that (i) the difference is within the preselected pump operating temperature threshold, (ii) the temperature of the hydrogen passing through the pump is within a preselected pump operating temperature range, and (iii) there is also a demand for liquid hydrogen at a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump for fueling vehicles, closing a valve in the cooldown discharge conduit to stop venting hydrogen and turning on a pump drive motor to move the piston of the pump within the compression cavity to supply liquid hydrogen from the storage tank towards the dispenser.

8. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: in response to determining that the temperature within the pump is within the preselected operating temperature range, closing a valve in the cool-down discharge conduit to stop venting the hydrogen gas, and turning on a pump drive motor to turn on the pump to move the piston of the pump within the compression cavity to deliver liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to a dispenser fluidly connected to the pump.

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