3D cell culture vessels for manual or automated medium exchange

Abstract

A cell culture vessel and a method for culturing cells are provided. The cell culture vessel (400) includes a base (405) defining a plane extending in a first direction and a perpendicular second direction, and a plurality of cell culture chambers (200) stacked one on top of the other, each having a top, a bottom (201), and sidewalls, each of the top, bottom, and sidewalls having an inner surface, where at least the bottom surface has an array of microcavities (420) that support the culture of cells as spheroids, and each bottom surface is at an angle relative to the plane of a table or surface on which the vessel rests. Fluid enters each cell culture chamber through an inlet (210) and exits each cell culture chamber through an outlet (215). The angled cell culture surface allows for perfusion of the cell culture chambers, enabling medium exchange without displacing the spheroids from the microcavities.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 532,639, filed July 14, 2017, entitled "Cell Culture Containers and Methods of Culturing Cells," the contents of which are relied upon and are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. [Technical field]

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to cell culture vessels and cell culture methods, and more particularly to a cell culture vessel for containing and providing a base for three-dimensional cell culture, including medium exchange, and a method of culturing three-dimensional cells and a method of medium exchange using the cell culture vessel. [Background technology]

[0003] It is known to contain three-dimensional cells in cell culture vessels. It is also known to cultivate three-dimensional cells in cell culture vessels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of some example embodiments described in the detailed description.

[0005] Cell culture vessels (e.g., flasks) can provide a sterile microcavity for culturing cells. In some embodiments, culturing cells can provide information for disease and toxicology research, efficacy of drug therapies and treatments, tumor characteristics, biology, genetics, and other scientific, biological, and chemical principles related to cells and their associated. Cell culture vessels provide a sterile, liquid-impermeable microcavity for containing cells during culture.

[0006] The microcavity or cell growth chamber may include a bottom surface, a top surface, and a sidewall having a surface. At least one of these surfaces may be adapted for cell growth. For example, to base the culture of spheroid cells, the cell growth surface may include a plurality of microcavities (e.g., micrometer-sized wells, sub-millimeter-sized wells), for example arranged in an array. The cell growth surface may be integral to the flask or may be a separate substrate placed or fixed to the cell growth chamber. The top surface, bottom surface, one or more side surfaces, or a combination thereof, may include the microcavities in an array. The microcavities may be formed, for example, in a wavy or sinusoidal shape to form a microcavity or microwell with a rounded top and a rounded bottom. In some embodiments, the flask may be filled with a material (e.g., medium, solid, liquid, gas) that promotes the growth of three-dimensional cell cultures (e.g., cell aggregates, spheroids). For example, medium containing cells suspended in a liquid may be added to the cell culture chamber. Suspension cells can be aggregated in multiple microcavities and formed (e.g., grown) into clusters or clusters of cells. The clustered or clustered cells grow in three dimensions to form 3D cells, also known as spheroids or organoids. A single cluster or spheroid of cells is formed in a single microcavity. Thus, a cell culture chamber having a cell culture surface with an array of microcavities can be used to culture many spheroids, each in its own microcavity.

[0007] For example, in some embodiments, a single spheroid may be formed in each microcavity of the multiple microcavities. The cells settle into the microcavities by gravity. One or more cells suspended in a liquid medium fall through the liquid and settle into each microcavity. The shape of the microcavity (e.g., the concave surface that defines the well) and the surface coating of the microcavity that prevents the cells from attaching to the surface also promote the growth of the cells into a three-dimensional form and form a spheroid in each microcavity.

[0008] During culture, spheroids consume medium (e.g., food, nutrients) and may produce metabolic products (e.g., waste products) as by-products. Thus, in some embodiments, food in the form of medium can be added to the cell culture chamber during culture, and waste medium can be removed from the cell culture chamber during culture. This ability to exchange medium to nourish the cells and remove waste products promotes long-term culture of cells. However, adding and removing medium can cause spheroids located within the microcavities to move. This is especially true when the microcavities are coated with a low-binding coating to prevent cells from attaching to the microcavity surface. In this disclosure, structures are disclosed that reduce the risk of spheroids moving out of the microcavities, thus promoting long-term culture of spheroids. Compared to two-dimensional cell culture, in some embodiments, three-dimensional cell culture can generate multicellular structures that are more physiologically accurate and more realistically representative of the environments in which cells can reside and grow in real-world applications, compared to laboratory-simulated conditions. For example, three-dimensional cell cultures have been found to provide a more realistic environment that more closely simulates cell growth "in vivo" (i.e., in a real life environment); whereas two-dimensional cell cultures have been found to provide an environment that more closely simulates cell growth "in vitro" (i.e., in glass in a laboratory environment) that is less representative of the real environment that occurs outside of a laboratory. By interacting and observing the properties and behavior of three-dimensional cell cultures, advances in the understanding of cells can be achieved that relate, for example, to disease and toxicology research, efficacy of drug therapies and treatments, tumor properties, biology, genetics, and other scientific, biological, and chemical principles related to cells and the like.

[0009] In some embodiments, it is desirable to culture a large number of spheroids for a long period of time to amplify signals during studies of disease and toxicology, efficacy of drug therapy and treatment, tumor characteristics, biology, genetics, and other scientific, biological, and chemical principles of cells and the like. For example, if it is desirable to test the metabolites of a drug, it may be necessary to culture the cells for a long period of time to allow the cultured cells enough time to metabolize the drug in sufficient amounts that the metabolites can be measured. In some embodiments, it is also desirable to grow a large number of spheroids in as small a physical space as possible to conserve incubator space during cell culture. Monolayer cell culture devices, including flasks, are known in the art. Multi-layer cell culture devices are also known that allow users to culture more cells per cubic inch of incubator space (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 7,745,209, 8,273,572, 8,470,589, 8,846,399, 9,045,721, 9,845,451, and 8,178,345, all assigned to Corning Incorporated). FIG. 1 is from U.S. Patent No. 8,178,345 and is provided as an example of the prior art. Multi-layer devices constructed and arranged to grow spheroid cells have been disclosed (see, e.g., WO 2016 / 069885 and WO 2016 / 069892, also assigned to Corning Incorporated). All cited references are incorporated herein by reference. The present disclosure provides single or multi-layer cell culture vessels adapted to reduce the risk of migration of spheroids located within the microcavities during medium exchange.

[0010] In an embodiment, the cell culture vessel includes a base that defines a base plane that extends in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. In an embodiment, the cell culture vessel includes a plurality of cell culture chambers stacked one on top of the other, each cell culture chamber having a top, a bottom, and a sidewall to form the cell culture chamber. Each of the top, bottom, and sidewall has an inner surface that faces the inside of the cell culture chamber. In an embodiment, at least the bottom surface includes an array of microcavities that are the basis for culturing cells as spheroids. In an embodiment, each bottom surface of each cell culture chamber is angled with respect to the base plane. Furthermore, liquid can flow into each cell culture chamber through an inlet and out of each cell culture chamber through an outlet. The angled cell culture surface prevents spheroids from moving during medium exchange.

[0011] In an embodiment, the cell culture vessel may include one or more cell culture chambers. Each cell culture chamber (defined by a top, a sidewall, and a bottom) has at least a bottom surface, the bottom surface having an array of microcavities for growing cells in a 3D or spheroid structure in the cell culture chamber. In addition, the vessel has a table plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity, the plane extending in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The table plane is parallel to the plane of the surface on which the vessel is placed. The table plane is, for example, a flat surface of a table or workspace on which the vessel is placed. The bottom surface of each cell culture chamber may be oriented at a first angle relative to the first direction of the table plane and at a second angle relative to the second direction of the table plane. In an embodiment, the absolute value of at least one of the first angle and the second angle may be greater than zero. In some embodiments, the method may include culturing cells in the cell culture vessel.

[0012] In some embodiments, a cell culture method can include introducing a liquid into a plurality of cell culture chambers while a base plane of the container is oriented perpendicular to a direction of gravity. The base plane can extend in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The method can include culturing cells in at least one cell culture chamber after introducing the liquid into at least one chamber, and flowing the liquid in a flow direction parallel to the substrate plane while culturing the cells in the at least one microcavity.

[0013] The above-described embodiments are exemplary and may be provided alone or in any combination with any one or more of the embodiments provided herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, it should be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description present embodiments of the present disclosure and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and features of the embodiments described and claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation thereof.

[0014] These and other features, embodiments, and advantages of the present disclosure may be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1 is a cutaway view of a multi-layer cell culture vessel representative of the prior art; [Diagram 2] Schematic diagram of a perfusion system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer cell culture vessel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of a cell culture vessel including a base plane and a table plane, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5]FIG. 5 is a front view of an embodiment of a cell culture vessel including a base plane and a table plane taken along line 5-5 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a side view of an embodiment of a cell culture vessel including a base plane and a table plane taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a cross-sectional view of a cell culture vessel including a base plane and a table plane taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a portion of a cell culture vessel according to view 8 of FIG. 7 with a base including a thicker portion and a thinner portion, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a portion of a cell culture vessel according to view 8 of FIG. 7 with a base, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a bottom view of a cell culture vessel including a base plane and a table plane taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a cell culture vessel according to view 5-5 of FIG. 7 with a substrate including multiple cell culture chambers, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] 12 is a top view of a portion of a cell culture vessel with a cell culture surface including a plurality of microcavities taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 11 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a portion of the cell culture vessel of FIG. 11 including a method for flowing liquid along a flow path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of the portion of the cell culture vessel of FIG. 11 including a method for culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities in the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15]FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a portion of the cell culture vessel of FIG. 11, including a method of culturing cells in at least one of the plurality of microcavities in the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber while flowing liquids and gases along the flow paths, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a portion of the cell culture vessel of FIG. 11, including a method of culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities in the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 17] FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a portion of the cell culture vessel of FIG. 11, including a method of culturing cells in at least one of the plurality of microcavities of the substrate while flowing liquids and gases along the flow paths, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 18] FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a portion of the cell culture vessel of FIG. 11, including a method of culturing cells within at least one microcavity of a plurality of microcavities of a substrate, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Features will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are shown. Whenever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0017] FIG. 1 represents the prior art and shows a cutaway view of a multi-layer cell culture vessel 100. As shown in this prior art device, a multi-layer cell culture vessel is shown having a top surface 102, a bottom surface 104, a necked opening 110 with a cap 112, and a sidewall 120. There are multiple cell culture chambers 114. A bottom surface 116 of the cell culture chambers 114 is constructed of a gas permeable, liquid impermeable material adjacent to a tracheal space 124. To fill the vessel, in use, a fluid is introduced into the neck openings and the liquid is distributed to each cell culture chamber via a manifold 108. Perfusion is not possible with this vessel.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a perfusion system in an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 shows a multi-layer cell culture vessel 400. The vessel 400 has a top surface 102 and a bottom surface 482. Each layer of the multi-layer cell culture vessel is an individual cell culture chamber 200. Each cell culture chamber has a bottom 201, a top 202, and a sidewall 203 (not shown in FIG. 2) that together define the cell culture chamber 200. The bottom 201, the top 202, and the sidewall 203 each have an inner surface that faces the cell chamber 200. In an embodiment, there are at least two cell culture chambers stacked one above the other, each having a bottom, a top, and a sidewall. In an embodiment, at least one of these surfaces has microcavities 420. In an embodiment, at least the bottom surface has microcavities 420. In an embodiment, the microcavities 420 are provided in an array of microcavities. 2 shows an embodiment having five layers of cell culture chambers 200, each having a bottom 201 with an array of microcavities 420. As used herein, "array" simply means a plurality of microcavities 420.

[0019] These microcavities 420 are structured and arranged to provide a base for cultured cells to form three-dimensional structures or spheroids. That is, the microcavities 420 are coated with a non-binding coating to prevent the cells from attaching to the substrate and forming a monolayer of cells, and further, these microcavities have an appropriate geometry to encourage the cells to cluster together and form spheroids in culture. In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 11 and 13-18, these microcavities 420 are sinusoidal in shape. That is, the microcavities 420 have a rounded top and a rounded bottom. However, the microcavities 420 can be of any shape or geometry consistent with the formation of spheroids in culture.

[0020] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer cell culture vessel 400 in an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 shows an inlet 210 at the top of the vessel along one side of the vessel and an outlet 215 at the bottom of the vessel along the other side of the vessel. In an embodiment, the outlet 215 is on the opposite side of the vessel from the inlet 210. The inlet 210 is in fluid communication with each cell culture chamber 200 via an inlet manifold 216. The outlet 215 is in fluid communication with each cell culture chamber 200 via an outlet manifold 217. Each cell culture chamber has an inlet opening 218 between the cell culture chamber 200 and the inlet manifold 216 and an outlet opening 219 between the cell culture chamber 200 and the outlet manifold 217. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, no pump is required to drive liquid into the vessel, and the fluid flows by gravity and at an angle relative to the table plane 406 on the bottom of the cell culture chamber.

[0021] 2, liquid (such as medium) may flow into the inlet 210, through the inlet manifold 216, into each cell culture chamber 200 through the inlet opening 218, out of the cell culture chamber 200 through the outlet opening 219, through the outlet manifold 217, and out of the vessel through the outlet 215. In an embodiment, the flow of liquid may be achieved by pump 209 or gravity. In an embodiment, liquid reservoirs are provided to provide liquid (213) to the inlet 210 and to collect liquid (211) from the outlet 215. In an embodiment, valves 212 may be present to control the flow from the fresh medium reservoir 213 and to the waste or collection reservoir 211. In an embodiment, tubing may connect the inlet to a pump (not shown) to pump the liquid to the inlet 210.

[0022] In an embodiment, liquid can fill the vessel 400 through the outlet 215. For example, liquid can enter the outlet 215 by being pumped into the vessel 400 by the pump 209. When filling the vessel 400 in this manner, liquid can enter the vessel through the outlet, flow into the outlet manifold 217, enter each cell culture chamber 200 via the outlet openings 219, fill each cell culture chamber 200, and then fill the inlet manifold via the inlet openings 218. This allows air to exit the vessel through the inlet 210 as the vessel is being filled. Filling the device in this manner can help evacuate air from the vessel and reduce the formation of air bubbles during the filling process.

[0023] FIG. 3 also shows a multi-layer cell culture vessel having an internal tracheal space 204 adjacent to the bottom 201 of each cell culture chamber 200. In an embodiment, the bottom 201 of each cell culture chamber is made of a gas-permeable and liquid-impermeable material. The use of this material increases gas exchange from the tracheal or gas space 220 through the gas-permeable and liquid-impermeable material to the microcavities 420 containing the spheroids. This gas-permeable material increases the versatility of the vessel. For example, when used in a non-perfusion mode, the cells can have access to oxygen without a perfusion medium. However, when the perfusion system is operating, oxygen dissolved in the circulating medium can be delivered to the cells. In this way, the vessel can be used as both a perfusion system and a static system. However, in a perfusion system, this gas-permeable material may not be necessary since the spheroids are supplied with oxygen via the oxygenated medium circulating through the cell culture chamber 200.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 3, the vessel has an angled base 405. That is, the base 405 is thicker on the inlet side 405a of the vessel than on the outlet side 405b of the vessel. Because the base is thicker on the inlet side 405a than on the outlet side 405b, the plane of the base (base plane 407) is different from the plane of the table 406. The table plane 406 is intended to be parallel to a plane perpendicular to gravity, which represents a table top or an incubator shelf. The table plane 406 is parallel to the surface on which the vessel 400 rests. The stacked cell culture chambers 200 are stacked on top of the base 405 and are parallel to the base plane 407. Thus, each of the stacked cell culture chambers 200 is at an angle relative to the table plane 406 (see, for example, 417i in FIG. 5).

[0025] Additionally, if the cell culture vessel 400 is square or rectangular, the inlets may be at diagonal corners of the vessel (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5). In this case, the base 405 may be angled along one plane of the vessel 400, or the base 405 may be angled along two planes of the vessel 400. That is, the base may be angled along the "X" axis (XZ angle, see e.g., 417i in FIG. 5), along the "Y" axis (YZ angle, see e.g., angle 418i in FIG. 6), or along both the "X" and "Y" axes. That is, the cell culture chamber may be oriented to direct liquid to the outlet wall 480 of the vessel 400 (see FIG. 5), or the cell culture chamber may be oriented to direct liquid to the outlet corner 481 of the vessel (see e.g., FIG. 4). Or, stated differently, the absolute value of at least one of the first angle and the second angle is greater than zero.

[0026] The base 405 defines a base plane 407 that extends in a first direction "X" and a second direction "Y" perpendicular to the first direction. The bottom surface 201 of each cell culture chamber 200 is parallel to the base plane 407. In an embodiment, the bottom surface 201 of each cell culture chamber 200 has a first angle (see 417i in FIG. 5) with respect to the first direction "X" of the base plane 405 and a second angle (see 418i in FIG. 6) with respect to the second direction "Y" of the table plane; the absolute value of at least one of the first angle and the second angle is greater than zero. The second angle is not shown in FIG. 3 because it is a cross-sectional view, but see FIGS. 4-18 below.

[0027] A three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system including a first direction "X", a second direction "Y", and a third direction "Z" (each direction perpendicular to the other directions) is illustrated in FIGS. 3-18 to illustrate a particular spatial orientation of the container 400 relative to the first direction "X", the second direction "Y", and the third direction "Z". However, unless otherwise indicated, it should be understood that the particular spatial orientation of the container 400 illustrated in the drawings provides an example orientation and is not intended to limit the scope of the features of the container 400. Thus, in some embodiments, one or more features of the container 400 may be provided in an orientation different from the particular orientation illustrated in the drawings without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Generally, the third direction "Z" refers to a direction parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0028] For example, FIG. 4 shows a schematic plan view (top view) of one embodiment of a cell culture vessel 400, FIG. 5 shows a front view of the vessel 400 along line 5-5 in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 shows a side view of the vessel 400 along line 6-6 in FIG. 4. In the drawings, the vessel 400 is shown as being made of a clear (e.g., transparent) material; however, in some embodiments, the vessel 400 can alternatively be made of one or more of a translucent, semi-opaque, or opaque material without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-18 shows a single layer cell culture vessel for ease of explanation. However, it should be understood that the device can be of a multi-layer construction, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-18, the vessel wall 401 forms the bottom 482, top 202, and sidewall 203 of the vessel.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the cell culture vessel 400 can include a base 405 having a bottom surface 482 parallel to a table plane 406 that extends in a first direction "X" and a second direction "Y", where the first direction "X" and the second direction "Y" are perpendicular. Additionally, the vessel 400 can include a second opening 432 (shown in FIG. 2 as inlet 210) or a first opening 431 (shown at the top of FIG. 4 in a top view and shown in FIG. 2 as outlet 215) that extends through a wall 401 in fluid communication with the cell culture chamber 403, and a second opening or inlet 432 that extends through a wall in fluid communication with the cell culture chamber 403. FIG. 4 shows the vessel having a top 202 and a sidewall 203. The sidewall from which the second opening 431 extends is the outlet side 480 of the vessel 400. The corner from which the second opening 431 extends is the outlet corner 481 of the vessel.

[0030] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, in some embodiments, the second opening 432 may be spaced apart from the first opening 431 along an outward direction (e.g., a third direction "Z") extending perpendicular to the table plane 406, away from the table plane 406, as represented by the dimension "dz". Furthermore, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, in some embodiments, the first opening 431 may be spaced apart from the second opening 432 in a first direction "X", as represented by the dimension "dx". Similarly, as shown in Figures 4 and 6, in some embodiments, the first opening 431 may be spaced apart from the second opening 432 in a second direction "Y", as represented by the dimension "dy". To aid in the interpretation of the figures, please note the Cartesian coordinates of the figures. In an embodiment, the inlets and outlets of the first opening 431 and the second opening 432 are in opposing walls of the container 400. The wall through which the first opening 431 (outlet) extends is the outlet wall 480. The corner that contains the first opening 431 (outlet) is the outlet corner 481. Figures 5 and 6 show a vessel having a top 202, a sidewall 203, and a bottom 405 that define a cell culture chamber 403.

[0031] As shown in FIG 11, which shows an enlarged view of view 11 of FIG 7, and FIG 12, which shows a partial view along line 12-12 of FIG 11, in some embodiments, the vessel 400 can include an array of microcavities 420 in a bottom surface of the cell culture chamber 403 or in a substrate 415. In some embodiments, the microcavities 420 are formed in a substrate 415 that is disposed within or attached to the cell culture chamber. In other embodiments, the microcavities 420 are formed directly in the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber or chambers. Whether formed in a substrate or directly on the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber, the bottom surface 415 of the cell culture chamber can include a plurality of microcavities 420, and each microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the plurality of microcavities 420 can include a rounded concave bottom 421a, 421b, 421c that defines a well of the microcavity 422a, 422b, 422c, and an opening 423a, 423b, 423c that defines a pathway into the well 422a, 422b, 422c. A bottom surface of the cell culture chamber or substrate 415 can define a substrate plane 416i that is parallel to the base plane 407 and at an angle to the table plane 406i on which the openings 423a, 423b, 423c of each microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the plurality of microcavities 420 are located. For clarity, the substrate 415 is not shown in, for example, Figures 4-18. Rather, a substrate plane 416i is shown generally in Figures 4-18 as being parallel to the base plane 407 and at an angle to the table plane 406i, with the understanding that the bottom surface or substrate plane 416i of the cell culture chamber represents the plane on which the openings 423a, 423b, 423c of each microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the multiple microcavities 420 in the substrate 415 are located, and generally represents the presence of a cell culture surface or substrate 415 within the cell culture chamber 403.

[0032] 7, in some embodiments, the vessel 400 may include a plurality of cell culture chambers 200 defining a corresponding plurality of substrate planes 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d. Although four substrate planes 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d are provided, it should be understood that in some embodiments, one substrate plane (e.g., substrate plane 416i) may be provided or more than one substrate plane (e.g., two, three...seven, eight, ten, etc.) may be provided without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, for clarity, a corresponding plurality of table planes 406a, 406b, 406c, 406d are shown for the substrate planes 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d to provide a schematic example view of the orientation of the substrate planes 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d relative to the table plane 406. That is, in some embodiments, each of the substrate planes 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d may intersect the table plane 406. Thus, the corresponding table planes 406a, 406b, 406c, 406d parallel to the table plane 406 provide a schematic representation of the orientation of each substrate plane 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d relative to the table plane 406. Thus, in some embodiments, the substrate plane 416i is shown with the understanding that it may represent and include features of any one or more of the plurality of substrate planes 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d, the substrate being a cell culture surface having an array of microcavities. Similarly, in some embodiments, the table plane 406i is shown with the understanding that it may represent a corresponding plane parallel to the table plane 406 that is provided for purposes of clarity to generally illustrate the orientation of each of the substrate planes 416i relative to the table plane 406.

[0033] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a respective first angle 417i (in the "XY" plane), a respective second angle 418i (in the "YZ" plane), and a respective plane angle 419i (which may include the first angle 417i, the second angle 418i, or both) may be provided for the orientation of the base plane or substrate plane 416i relative to the table plane 406 as represented by the corresponding table plane 406i. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, in some embodiments, the base plane 416i may be oriented at a first angle 417i relative to a first direction "X". Similarly, as shown in FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the base plane 416i may be oriented at a second angle 418i relative to a second direction "Y". In some embodiments, the absolute value of at least one of the first angle 417i and the second angle 418i may be greater than zero. For example, in some embodiments, the absolute value of the first angle 417i may be greater than zero, and the absolute value of the second angle 418i may be greater than zero. As shown in FIG. 7, in some embodiments, the absolute value of the base plane angle 419a, 419b, 419c, 419d between the table plane 406a, 406b, 406c, 406d and the substrate plane 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d may be between about 1° and about 30°. For example, in some embodiments, based on at least the orientation of the base plane 416i relative to the table plane 406 (e.g., relative to a first direction "X" that defines the first angle 417i, and relative to a second direction "Y" that defines the second angle 418ii), the absolute value of the plane angle 419a, 419b, 419c, 419d may be between about 1° and about 30°. For example, in some embodiments, the absolute value of the planar angles 419a, 419b, 419c, 419d can be about 5°.

[0034] 8 and 9 show an exemplary embodiment of a partial cross-section of the container 400 according to view 8 of FIG. 7. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, in some embodiments, the base 405 may include a thicker portion 405a of the base 405 relative to a thinner portion 405b of the base 405, which defines a base plane 407. Additionally or alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9, in some embodiments, the container 400 may include a step 405c positioned relative to the base 405 to elevate at least a portion of the container 400. The step 405c and the base 405 may define the base plane 407. For example, in some embodiments, the step 405c may be positioned under a corner of the base 405 to elevate the container 400 and provide the base 405 of the container 400 at an angle relative to a horizontal plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity.

[0035] Additionally or alternatively, as shown in FIG 10, which illustrates a bottom view of container 400 along line 10-10 in FIG 5, in some embodiments, table plane 406 can be defined based on three points P1, P2, P3 located on a bottom side of base 405 of container 400. For example, by selecting (e.g., identifying) three points P1, P2, P3 on the bottom side of base 405, a plane representing table plane 406 can be defined. In some embodiments, one or more of points P1, P2, P3 can include one or more structural features of base 405, including, but not limited to, protrusions and bases attached (e.g., integral, glued) to base 405 or separate from base 405.

[0036] Referring again to FIG. 8, in some embodiments, the inner surface 402a of the base 405 may include an inclined surface 402a extending from the thicker portion 405a to the thinner portion 405b. In some embodiments, the inclined surface 402a may be parallel to the table plane 416i. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 9, in some embodiments, based on the height of at least a portion of the container 400, step 405c may orient the inner surface 402 of the base 405 to include the inclined surface 402a. In some embodiments, the inclined surface 402a may be parallel to the table plane 416i. In some embodiments, the first opening 431 may be positioned at a lower height than the second opening 432 with respect to the direction of gravity. Thus, in some embodiments, based on at least gravity, liquid in the cell culture chamber 403 may naturally drain toward the first opening 431. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the inclined surface 402a of the inner surface 402 of the wall 401 may allow liquid to naturally drain toward the first opening 431. In some embodiments, draining the vessel 400 towards the first opening 431 can aid in cleaning the cell culture chamber 403 before or after culturing cells within the vessel 400.

[0037] 11-18 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a portion of the vessel 400 including the substrate 415 of FIG. 11 for a method of culturing cells in the cell culture vessel 400. For example, in some embodiments, the method may include depositing a liquid 470 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the plurality of microcavities 420, as shown in FIG. 13. In some embodiments, the method may include culturing cells 450 (e.g., spheroids 450a, spheroids 450b, spheroids 450c) in the microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c after depositing the liquid 470 in the microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c, as shown in FIG. 14. In some embodiments, the table plane 406 (eg, 406i) can be perpendicular to the direction of gravity "g" during culturing of cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c.

[0038] Further, in some embodiments, the method may include flowing a material in a flow direction 460 parallel to the substrate plane 416i while culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, in some embodiments, the method may include passing a liquid 470 from outside the vessel 400 into the cell culture chamber 403 through a first opening 431, as represented by arrow 461, and flowing the liquid 470 into the cell culture chamber 403 along a flow direction 460 parallel to the substrate plane 416i (as shown by arrow 461 in FIG. 13). Similarly, in some embodiments, the method may include passing a gas 471 from the cell culture chamber 403 out of the vessel 400 through a second opening 432 (as shown by arrow 462 in FIG. 7), as represented by arrow 462 in FIG. 13, while flowing the liquid 470 into the cell culture chamber 403 along the flow direction 460. In some embodiments, the method may include culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the plurality of microcavities 420 while flowing liquid 470 into the cell culture chamber 403 along a flow direction 460. For example, in some embodiments, the method may include culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the plurality of microcavities 420 while passing liquid 470 from outside the vessel 400 to the cell culture chamber 403 through a first opening 431 (arrow 461) and passing gas 471 from the cell culture chamber 403 to outside the vessel 400 through a second opening 432 (arrow 462).

[0039] 15, in some embodiments, the method may include flowing a liquid 470 into the cell culture chamber 403 along a flow direction 460 parallel to the substrate plane 416i, and passing the liquid 470 from the cell culture chamber 403 through a first opening 431 to the outside of the vessel 400 (as shown by arrow 464 in FIG. 7), as represented by arrow 464. Additionally, as shown by arrow 463, the method may include passing a gas 473 into the cell culture chamber 403 from the outside of the vessel 400 through a second opening 432 (as shown by arrow 463 in FIG. 7), while flowing the liquid 470 into the cell culture chamber 403 along the flow direction 460. As shown in FIG. 16, in some embodiments, the method may include culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the plurality of microcavities 420, while flowing the liquid 470 into the cell culture chamber 403 along the flow direction 460. In some embodiments, liquid 470 can be removed from cell culture chamber 403 based on passing at least gas 473 through cell culture chamber 403 (arrow 463), and in some embodiments, each microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c can contain a respective portion of liquid 470a, 470b, 470c. For example, in some embodiments, the method can include culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c while either passing gas 473 through cell culture chamber 403 from outside vessel 400 via second opening 432 (arrow 463) and passing liquid 470 from cell culture chamber 403 through first opening 431 to outside vessel 400 (arrow 464).

[0040] 17 and 18, in some embodiments, the method may include flowing a material in a flow direction 460 parallel to the substrate plane 416i while culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, in some embodiments, the method may include passing a liquid 474 (e.g., a liquid different from the liquid 470) from outside the container 400 through the first opening 431 into the cell culture chamber 403, as represented by arrow 461, and flowing the liquid 474 into the cell culture chamber 403 along the flow direction 460 parallel to the substrate plane 416i (as shown by arrow 461 in FIG. 7). In some embodiments, the liquid 474 may replace the liquid 470a, 470b, 470c in each microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c with new liquid 474 that supports the culturing of cells 450, for example. Similarly, in some embodiments, the method may include passing gas 473 from the cell culture chamber 403 through second opening 432 (shown in FIG. 7 by arrow 462) to the outside of vessel 400 while flowing liquid 470 into cell culture chamber 403 along flow direction 460, as shown in FIG. 17 by arrow 462. In some embodiments, the method may include culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c of the plurality of microcavities 420 while flowing liquid 470 into cell culture chamber 403 along flow direction 460. For example, in some embodiments, the method may include culturing cells 450 in at least one microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c while passing a liquid 474 from outside the container 400 to the cell culture chamber 403 through a first opening 431 (arrow 461) and passing a gas 473 from the cell culture chamber 403 to outside the container 400 through a second opening 432 (arrow 462).

[0041] In some embodiments, the passage of liquids and gases in and out of the first opening 431 and the second opening 432 can be accomplished automatically, for example, based on the operation of a system including a pump, reservoir, tube, etc. connected to at least one of the first opening 431 and the second opening 432 that facilitates the automatic passage of liquids and gases in and out of the first opening 431 and the second opening 432. Thus, in some embodiments, medium exchange (e.g., replacement, replenishment, removal) of materials (e.g., nutrients and waste products), for example, during long-term culture of cells 450, can be performed automatically, for example, based on the operation of the system, without human interaction. Similarly, medium exchange can be performed without physical manipulation of the vessel 400. For example, unlike other vessels that may be tilted, inverted, or rotated to exchange medium in the cell culture chamber 403 during culture, the vessel 400 can remain stationary (e.g., without relative motion) throughout the cell culture process, and yet medium can be exchanged based on features of the present disclosure.

[0042] Additionally, providing the substrate plane 416i at an angle (e.g., first angle 417i, second angle 418i, planar angle 419i) relative to the table plane 406 can provide several advantages. For example, in some embodiments, providing the substrate 415 at an orientation with an absolute value of the planar angle 419i of about 1° to about 30° relative to the table plane 406 can provide the substrate 415 in an orientation that results in better culture of the cells 450, for example, when the table plane 406 is substantially perpendicular to the direction of gravity "g". For example, without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that in some embodiments, an orientation of the substrate plane 416i at an absolute value of the planar angle 419i of less than 1° is insufficient to provide a flow of liquid along the flow direction 460 without trapping gas (e.g., air pockets) between two or more substrates 415 and / or within one or more microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c. Additionally, in some embodiments, when the substrate plane 416i is oriented at an absolute substrate planar angle 419i of less than 1°, the flow velocity can be increased to force the liquid along the flow direction 460 with negative effects on the cells and on the retention of the cell spheroids within the microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c. That is, for example, when the substrate planar angle is less than 1°, less than 5°, or less than 30°, the flow rate required for efficient exchange of medium can cause turbulence that can disrupt the spheroids located within the microcavities. Thus, by providing the substrate 415 in an orientation having an absolute value of the planar angle 419i with respect to the table plane 406 of between about 1° and about 30°, liquid can gradually enter each microcavity 420a, 420b, 420c, thus reducing or preventing the possibility of gas becoming trapped within the microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c and potentially destroying cells cultured within the microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c.

[0043] That is, in some embodiments, based at least in part on gravity, the liquid may flow naturally along the substrate 415 while culturing the cells 450 without displacing or disturbing the culture of the cells 450. Alternatively, orienting the substrate plane 416i at an absolute value of the planar angle 419i of less than 1° may reduce the effect of gravity and allow the liquid to flow naturally along the substrate 415 in the flow direction 460, but in this case, an increased flow rate may be used that may displace or disturb the cells 450. Similarly, in some embodiments, orienting the substrate plane 416i at an absolute value of the planar angle 419i of more than 30° may cause the cells 450 in the microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c to fall (e.g., become dislodged, displace) from the microcavities 420a, 420b, 420c during culturing. Thus, in some embodiments, orienting the substrate plane 416i at an absolute value of the planar angle 419i between about 1° and about 30° (e.g., between about 5° and about 30°, between about 5° and about 25°, between about 5° and about 20°, between about 5° and about 15°, between about 5° and about 10°, between about 10° and about 20°, between about 10° and about 30°, between about 1° and about 10°, between about 1° and about 5°, between about 3°, between about 5°, between about 7 ...

[0044] Throughout this disclosure, the terms "material," "liquid," and "gas / gas" can be used to describe the properties of materials used, for example, in culturing cells in a cell culture vessel. Unless otherwise specified, for purposes of this disclosure, "material" can include a fluid material (e.g., liquid or gas). In addition, a material can include a culture solution or medium, including a liquid with solid particles (e.g., cells) suspended in the liquid. Unless otherwise specified, for purposes of this disclosure, "liquid" can include a cleaning or rinsing solution, an aqueous solution, or other liquid that can be added to or removed from a vessel for, for example, cleaning a cell culture chamber, sterilizing one or more features of the substrate and vessel, preparing a substrate for cell growth, and other uses of the liquid. In addition, a liquid can include a culture solution or medium, including a liquid with solid particles (e.g., cells) suspended in the liquid. Unless otherwise specified, for purposes of this disclosure, "gas" can include air, filtered or treated air, or other gases.

[0045] Throughout this disclosure, the terms "non-permeable," "gas-permeable," and "porous" may be used to describe one or more characteristic properties (e.g., material properties, characteristics, parameters) of a substrate.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, for the purposes of this disclosure, a "non-permeable" substrate (e.g., the material of the non-permeable substrate) is considered to be impermeable to solids, liquids, and gases under normal conditions (e.g., without external influences, including but not limited to pressure and force), and therefore does not allow the transfer of solids, liquids, or gases into, through, or out of the non-permeable substrate under normal conditions. In some embodiments, the non-permeable substrate can form part of the wall of the container. In addition, since bacteria cannot pass through the non-permeable substrate, the cell culture chamber of the container is considered to be sterile when the non-permeable substrate forms part of the wall of the container. However, when filling the multiple microcavities of the substrate with a material, gas may be trapped in the microcavities of the non-permeable substrate based on the surface tension of the liquid, which in some embodiments can prevent the material from filling the microcavities and hindering the growth of spheroids.

[0047] Unless otherwise specified, for the purposes of this disclosure, a "gas permeable" substrate (e.g., the material of the gas permeable substrate) is considered to be impermeable to solids and liquids and permeable to gases under normal conditions. Thus, a gas permeable substrate does not allow the movement of solids and liquids into, through, or out of the gas permeable substrate, but allows the movement of gases into, through, or out of the gas permeable substrate. In some embodiments, the gas permeable substrate can form part of the wall of the container. In addition, the cell culture chamber of the container is considered to be sterile when the gas permeable substrate forms part of the wall of the container, since bacteria, for example, cannot reasonably pass through the gas permeable substrate. However, although the substrate is gas permeable, gas may become trapped in the microcavities during filling of the material, since the gas permeation rate through the gas permeable substrate may be slower than the rate required to move the gas out of the cavity under normal operating conditions, and therefore may take an unacceptably long time to permeate the substrate. Thus, in some embodiments, the microcavities are filled slowly, allowing the liquid front to enter each microcavity at an angle, thereby displacing gas as the liquid fills the microcavities. In some embodiments, after the cavities are filled with liquid, gas may (slowly) permeate through the gas-permeable substrate.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, for the purposes of this disclosure, a "porous" substrate (e.g., the material of the porous substrate) is considered to be impermeable to solids and permeable to liquids and gases under normal conditions. Thus, a porous substrate does not allow the movement of solids into, through, or out of the porous substrate, but allows the movement of liquids and gases into, through, or out of the porous substrate. The porous substrate cannot form part of the vessel, since bacteria can pass through the porous substrate, thus creating sterility issues within the cell culture chamber. Thus, when a porous substrate is used, the substrate must be enclosed (fully enclosed) within the sterile cell culture chamber of the vessel. However, gases can escape (e.g., pass through) through the porous substrate while the microcavities are being filled with material. Thus, filling of the microcavities can be performed quickly without concern for gas entrapment in the microcavities. In some embodiments, liquids can only pass through the porous substrate when it is disturbed by the application of pressure or physical contact. Thus, in some embodiments, the liquid-containing material may be contained within the microcavities of the substrate, so long as the substrate is not exposed to additional pressure or physical contact and disturbance. For example, in some embodiments, a porous substrate may be placed in a cell culture chamber such that gas can pass through the substrate during filling and incubation, and the substrate can be isolated from pressurized or physical contact and disturbance due to external forces (e.g., outside the cell culture chamber).

[0049] Many aspects of the cell culture vessels and cell culture methods are disclosed herein. A summary of selected aspects is provided below.

[0050] In a first aspect, the cell culture vessel includes a base defining a base plane extending in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; a wall including an inner surface defining a cell culture chamber of the vessel; and a bottom surface of the cell culture chamber. The bottom surface of the cell culture chamber may be a separate substrate inserted into the cell culture chamber or may be a wall of the cell culture chamber. The substrate or bottom surface includes a plurality of microcavities, each microcavity of the plurality of microcavities including a concave surface defining a well and an opening defining a path to the well. The substrate defines a substrate plane in which the opening of each microcavity of the plurality of microcavities is located, the substrate plane being oriented at a first angle relative to the first direction and a second angle relative to the second direction, the absolute value of at least one of the first angle and the second angle being greater than zero.

[0051] A second aspect is the cell culture vessel according to the first aspect, wherein the absolute value of the first angle is greater than zero and the absolute value of the second angle is greater than zero.

[0052] A third aspect is the cell culture vessel according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the absolute value of the planar angle between the base plane and the substrate plane is about 1° to about 30°.

[0053] A fourth embodiment is the cell culture vessel according to embodiment 3, wherein the absolute value of the planar angle is about 5°.

[0054] A fifth embodiment is a cell culture vessel according to any of embodiments 1 to 4, comprising a first opening extending through a wall in fluid communication with the cell culture chamber and a second opening extending through a wall in fluid communication with the cell culture chamber, the second opening being spaced apart from the first opening along an outward direction extending away from the base plane and perpendicular to the base plane.

[0055] A sixth embodiment is the cell culture vessel according to embodiment 5, wherein the first opening is spaced apart from the second opening in the first direction.

[0056] A seventh aspect is the cell culture vessel according to aspect 5 or aspect 6, wherein the first opening is spaced apart from the second opening in the second direction.

[0057] In an eighth aspect, a method for culturing cells in a cell culture vessel according to any of aspects 1 to 7 comprises depositing a liquid in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities, and culturing cells in the at least one microcavity after depositing the liquid in the at least one microcavity.

[0058] A ninth embodiment is the cell culture method according to embodiment 8, wherein the base plane is perpendicular to the direction of gravity during culturing the cells in the at least one microcavity.

[0059] A tenth aspect is the cell culture method according to aspect 8 or aspect 9, comprising flowing the material in a flow direction parallel to the plane of the substrate while culturing the cells in the at least one microcavity.

[0060] In an eleventh aspect, a method for culturing cells in a cell culture container according to any of aspects 5 to 7 includes passing a liquid from outside the container into the cell culture chamber through a first opening, and flowing the liquid into the cell culture chamber along a flow direction parallel to the substrate plane.

[0061] A twelfth aspect is a cell culture method according to aspect 11, comprising passing gas from the cell culture chamber to the outside of the container through the second opening while flowing liquid into the cell culture chamber along the flow direction.

[0062] A thirteenth aspect is a method of culturing cells according to aspect 11 or aspect 12, comprising culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities while flowing liquid in the cell culture chamber along a flow direction.

[0063] A fourteenth embodiment is the cell culture method according to embodiment 13, wherein the base plane is perpendicular to the direction of gravity during culturing the cells in the at least one microcavity.

[0064] In a fifteenth aspect, a method for culturing cells in a cell culture vessel described in any of aspects 5 to 7 includes flowing a liquid into a cell culture chamber along a flow direction parallel to the substrate plane, and passing the liquid from the cell culture chamber to the outside of the vessel through a first opening.

[0065] A sixteenth aspect is a cell culture method according to aspect 15, comprising passing a gas through the cell culture chamber from outside the container through a second opening while flowing liquid into the cell culture chamber along the flow direction.

[0066] A seventeenth aspect is a method of culturing cells according to aspect 15 or aspect 16, comprising culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities while flowing liquid in the cell culture chamber along a flow direction.

[0067] An eighteenth embodiment is the cell culture method according to embodiment 17, wherein the base plane is perpendicular to the direction of gravity during culturing the cells in the at least one microcavity.

[0068] In a nineteenth aspect, a cell culture method includes depositing a liquid into at least one microcavity of a plurality of microcavities of a substrate positioned within a cell culture chamber of the container while a base plane of the container is oriented perpendicular to a direction of gravity, the base plane extending in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, each microcavity of the plurality of microcavities including a concave surface defining a well and an opening defining a path to the well, the substrate defining a substrate plane in which the opening of each microcavity of the plurality of microcavities is located, the substrate plane being oriented at a first angle with respect to the first direction and a second angle with respect to the second direction, the absolute value of at least one of the first angle and the second angle being greater than zero; culturing cells in the at least one microcavity after depositing the liquid in the at least one microcavity; and flowing a material in a flow direction parallel to the substrate plane while culturing the cells in the at least one microcavity.

[0069] A twentieth aspect is the cell culture method according to aspect 19, wherein the absolute value of the first angle is greater than zero and the absolute value of the second angle is greater than zero.

[0070] A twenty-first aspect is the cell culture method according to aspect 19 or aspect 20, wherein the absolute value of the planar angle between the base plane and the substrate plane is from about 1° to about 30°.

[0071] A twenty-second embodiment is the cell culture method according to embodiment 21, wherein the absolute value of the planar angle is about 5°.

[0072] A 23rd aspect is a cell culture method according to any of aspects 19 to 22, comprising passing liquid from outside the vessel to the cell culture chamber through a first opening in a wall of the vessel, and passing gas from the cell culture chamber to outside the vessel through a second opening in the wall of the vessel.

[0073] A twenty-fourth aspect is the cell culture method of aspect 23, comprising passing a gas from outside the vessel to the cell culture chamber through the second opening, and passing a liquid from the cell culture chamber to outside the vessel through the first opening.

[0074] A twenty-fifth aspect is the cell culture method according to aspect 23 or aspect 24, wherein the first opening is positioned at a lower height relative to the direction of gravity than the second opening.

[0075] In a twenty-sixth embodiment, a cell culture vessel includes a substrate including a plurality of microcavities; an inner surface of a wall, substrate, and wall defining a cell culture chamber of the vessel; an opening extending through the wall in fluid communication with the cell culture chamber; a first portion of the inner surface positioned opposite the opening along an axis of the vessel, the first portion spanning the length of the cell culture chamber along the axis of the vessel, the substrate extending from the opening to the substrate; and a third portion of the inner surface extending from the first portion to the substrate.

[0076] A twenty-seventh aspect is the cell culture vessel according to the twenty-sixth aspect, wherein each microcavity of the plurality of microcavities comprises a concave surface defining a well and an opening defining a pathway from the cell culture chamber to the well.

[0077] A twenty-eighth embodiment is the cell culture vessel according to embodiment 26 or embodiment 27, wherein the first portion is substantially perpendicular to an axis of the vessel.

[0078] A twenty-ninth aspect is the cell culture vessel according to any of aspects 26 to 28, wherein the first portion and the third portion define a non-planar boundary portion of the cell culture chamber.

[0079] A thirtieth embodiment is the cell culture vessel according to any of embodiments 26 to 29, wherein the third portion comprises a stepped profile.

[0080] A thirty-first embodiment is the cell culture vessel according to any of embodiments 26 to 29, wherein the third portion comprises a sloped profile.

[0081] A thirty-second embodiment is a cell culture vessel according to any of embodiments 26 to 31, further comprising a baffle extending from the second portion of the inner surface, the baffle comprising a major surface that interrupts a path defined between the opening and the substrate.

[0082] In a 33rd aspect, a method for culturing cells in a cell culture container described in any of aspects 26 to 32 includes passing a liquid from outside the container through an opening into the cell culture chamber, thereby supplying a predetermined amount of liquid to the cell culture chamber.

[0083] A thirty-fourth embodiment is a cell culture method according to embodiment 33, comprising containing a volume of liquid in an area of ​​the cell culture chamber without the volume of liquid contacting one or more microcavities of the plurality of microcavities.

[0084] A thirty-fifth aspect is a cell culture method according to aspect 34, wherein the predetermined amount of liquid contacts the first portion and the third portion while containing the predetermined amount of liquid in an area of ​​the cell culture chamber without the predetermined amount of liquid contacting one or more microcavities of the plurality of microcavities.

[0085] A thirty-sixth aspect is a cell culture method according to aspect 34 or aspect 35, wherein an axis of the vessel extends substantially in the direction of gravity while containing a volume of liquid in a region of the cell culture chamber without the volume of liquid contacting one or more microcavities of the plurality of microcavities.

[0086] A thirty-seventh aspect is a cell culture method according to any of aspects thirty-four to thirty-six, comprising receiving a predetermined amount of liquid in an area of ​​the cell culture chamber and then moving the container to cause at least a portion of the predetermined amount of liquid to flow out of the area on the substrate without the predetermined amount of liquid contacting one or more microcavities of the plurality of microcavities, and to deposit the predetermined amount of liquid in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities.

[0087] A thirty-eighth embodiment is a cell culture method according to embodiment 37, comprising culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities after depositing at least a portion of the predetermined volume of liquid in the at least one microcavity.

[0088] A thirty-ninth embodiment is the cell culture method according to embodiment 38, wherein an axis of the vessel is substantially perpendicular to the direction of gravity during culturing the cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities.

[0089] In a fortieth aspect, a cell culture method includes passing a liquid from outside the container through an opening in a wall of the container into a cell culture chamber of the container defined by an inner surface of the wall and a substrate including a plurality of microcavities, thereby providing a predetermined amount of liquid in a region of the cell culture chamber; and containing a predetermined amount of liquid in a region of the cell culture chamber without the predetermined amount of liquid contacting one or more microcavities of the plurality of microcavities.

[0090] A forty-first embodiment is a cell culture method according to embodiment 40, comprising moving the container to cause at least a portion of the volume of liquid to flow out of the region on the substrate and to deposit in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities.

[0091] A forty-second embodiment is a cell culture method according to embodiment 41, comprising culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities after depositing at least a portion of the predetermined volume of liquid in the at least one microcavity.

[0092] In a forty-third embodiment, a cell culture vessel includes a substrate including a plurality of microcavities; an inner surface of the wall, substrate, and wall defining a cell culture chamber of the vessel; an opening extending through the wall in fluid communication with the cell culture chamber; a first portion of the inner surface positioned opposite the opening along an axis of the vessel, the first portion spanning the length of the cell culture chamber along the axis of the vessel; a second portion of the inner surface extending from the opening to the substrate; and a baffle extending from the second portion, the baffle including a major surface that interrupts a path defined between the opening and the substrate.

[0093] A forty-fourth embodiment is the cell culture vessel of embodiment 43, wherein each microcavity of the plurality of microcavities comprises a concave surface defining a well, and an opening defining a pathway from the cell culture chamber to the well.

[0094] A forty-fifth embodiment is the cell culture vessel of embodiment 43 or embodiment 44, wherein a major surface of the baffle is substantially perpendicular to an axis of the vessel.

[0095] A forty-sixth embodiment is the cell culture vessel according to embodiment 43 or embodiment 44, wherein a major surface of the baffle comprises a convex profile.

[0096] A forty-seventh embodiment is the cell culture vessel of embodiment 43 or embodiment 44, wherein a major surface of the baffle comprises a concave profile.

[0097] A forty-eighth embodiment is the cell culture vessel according to any of embodiments 43 to 47, wherein at least a part of the free end of the baffle is spaced apart from the inner surface of the wall.

[0098] In a forty-ninth aspect, a method of culturing cells in a cell culture vessel described in any of aspects forty-three to forty-eight includes adding a material to the cell culture chamber by inserting a distribution port into the opening, and then dispensing the material from the distribution port into the cell culture chamber.

[0099] A fiftieth embodiment is a method of culturing cells according to embodiment 49, comprising culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities while distributing material from the distribution port to the cell culture chamber.

[0100] A fifty-first aspect is a cell culture method according to aspect 49 or aspect 25, comprising removing material from the cell culture chamber by inserting a recovery port into the opening, and then recovering the material from the cell culture chamber at the recovery port.

[0101] A fifty-second embodiment is a cell culture method according to embodiment 51, comprising culturing cells in at least one microcavity of the plurality of microcavities while withdrawing material from the cell culture chamber at a withdrawal port.

[0102] In a fifty-third aspect, a cell culture method includes inserting a distribution port into an opening in a wall of a container; dispensing material from the distribution port to cause the material to flow along a first flow path of a cell culture chamber of the container defined by an inner surface of the wall and a substrate including a plurality of microcavities, thereby adding material to the cell culture chamber from outside the container; and interrupting the flow of material along the first flow path.

[0103] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail.

[0104] EMBODIMENT 1 In a cell culture vessel, at least one cell culture chamber having a bottom, a top, and a sidewall; a base having an upper surface defining a base plane that extends in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; the bottom, the top, and the sidewalls each have a surface facing an interior of the cell culture chamber; At least the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber comprises an array of microcavities. base; an inlet at the top of the vessel providing access to the cell culture chamber on one side of the vessel; an outlet at the bottom of the vessel providing access to each cell culture chamber on opposite sides of the vessel; Including, the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber defines a table plane that is at a first angle relative to the first direction of the base plane and a second angle relative to the second direction of the base plane; and an absolute value of at least one of the first angle and the second angle is greater than zero; Cell culture vessel.

[0105] EMBODIMENT 2 2. The cell culture vessel according to embodiment 1, wherein the absolute value of the first angle or the second angle, or both, is from about 1° to about 30°.

[0106] EMBODIMENT 3 2. The cell culture vessel of embodiment 1, wherein the absolute value of the first planar angle is about 5°, the absolute value of the second planar angle is about 5°, or the absolute value of both the first planar angle and the second planar angle are about 5°.

[0107] EMBODIMENT 4 4. The cell culture vessel according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the inlet is located at an upper corner of the vessel.

[0108] EMBODIMENT 5 5. The cell culture vessel of embodiment 4, wherein the outlet is at a bottom corner of the vessel opposite a top corner of the inlet.

[0109] EMBODIMENT 6 6. A cell culture vessel according to any of the preceding embodiments, comprising at least two cell culture chambers stacked one on top of the other.

[0110] EMBODIMENT 7 7. The cell culture vessel of embodiment 6, wherein the inlet is fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber via an inlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber has an inlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the inlet manifold.

[0111] EMBODIMENT 8 8. The cell culture vessel of embodiment 6 or 7, wherein the outlet is fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber via an outlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber has an outlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the outlet manifold.

[0112] EMBODIMENT 9 9. A cell culture vessel according to any of embodiments 6 to 8, wherein the bottom of each cell culture chamber comprises a gas-permeable and liquid-impermeable material.

[0113] EMBODIMENT 10 10. The cell culture vessel of embodiment 9, wherein each cell culture chamber is separated from its immediately adjacent cell culture chamber by a tracheal space.

[0114] EMBODIMENT 11 A method for culturing cells in a cell culture vessel according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, comprising: introducing a liquid comprising cells and medium into the cell culture chamber via the inlet; allowing the cells to settle into the microcavities by gravity; and Culturing cells A method for culturing cells in the cell culture vessel according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, comprising:

[0115] EMBODIMENT 12 12. The method of embodiment 11, further comprising flowing a liquid into the vessel via the inlet, through the cell culture chamber, and out of the vessel via the outlet while culturing the cells. [Explanation of symbols]

[0116] 100 Multilayer Cell Culture Vessel 102 Top surface 104 Bottom 108 Manifold 110 Necked opening 112 Cap 114 Cell Culture Chamber 116 Bottom 120 side wall 124 Tracheal Space 200 Cell Culture Chambers 201 Bottom 202 Top 203 Side wall 210 Entrance 211 Recovery Reservoir 212 Valve 213 Fresh medium reservoir 215 Exit 216 Inlet manifold 217 Outlet manifold 218 Inlet opening 219 Exit opening 400 Multilayer cell culture vessel 403 Cell Culture Chamber 405 Base / Bottom 406 Table Plane 407 Base Plane 416 Substrate plane 417 First Angle 418 Second Angle 419 plane angle 420,422 Microcavities / wells 421 Rounded concave bottom 423 Opening 431 First Opening 432 Second Opening 480 Exit wall 481 Exit corner 482 Bottom

Claims

1. In a cell culture vessel, at least one cell culture chamber having a bottom, a top, and a sidewall; a base defining a support surface extending in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; an inlet at the top of the vessel providing access to the cell culture chamber on one side of the vessel; and an outlet at a bottom of the vessel providing access to each cell culture chamber on an opposite side of the vessel; the bottom, the top, and the sidewalls each have a surface facing an interior of the cell culture chamber; at least the bottom surface of the cell culture chamber comprises an array of microcavities configured for culturing three-dimensional cells; a surface of the bottom of the cell culture chamber defines a substrate plane that is at a first angle with respect to the horizontal in the first orientation of the support surface and at a second angle with respect to the horizontal in the second orientation of the support surface; and The cell culture vessel, wherein the absolute value of at least one of the first angle and the second angle is 1° to 30°.

2. The cell culture vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the absolute values ​​of the first angle and the second angle are from 1° to 30°.

3. 2. The cell culture vessel of claim 1, wherein the absolute value of the first angle is 5°, the absolute value of the second angle is 5°, or the absolute values ​​of both the first angle and the second angle are 5°.

4. The cell culture vessel of claim 1 , wherein the inlet is in a top corner of the vessel.

5. The cell culture vessel of claim 1 , wherein the outlet is at a bottom corner of the vessel opposite a top corner of the inlet.

6. 10. The cell culture vessel of claim 1 comprising at least two cell culture chambers stacked one on top of the other.

7. 7. The cell culture vessel of claim 6, wherein the inlet is fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber through an inlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber has an inlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the inlet manifold.

8. 7. The cell culture vessel of claim 6, wherein the outlet is fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber via an outlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber has an outlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the outlet manifold.

9. The cell culture vessel of claim 6 , wherein the bottom of each cell culture chamber comprises a gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable material.

10. 10. The cell culture vessel of claim 9, wherein each cell culture chamber is separated from its immediately adjacent cell culture chamber by a tracheal space.

11. A method for culturing cells in the cell culture vessel according to claim 1, comprising: introducing a liquid containing cells and medium into the cell culture chamber via the inlet; Allowing the cells to settle into the microcavities by gravity; and Culturing cells A method comprising:

12. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising flowing a liquid into the vessel via the inlet, through the cell culture chamber, and out of the vessel via the outlet while culturing the cells.

13. The cell culture vessel of claim 1 , wherein the first direction of the support surface of the base is along a long side of the base, and the second direction of the support surface of the base is perpendicular to the long side of the base.

14. 2. The cell culture vessel of claim 1, comprising at least two cell culture chambers stacked one on top of the other, the inlets being fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber via an inlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber having an inlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the inlet manifold, and the outlet being fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber via an outlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber having an outlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the outlet manifold.

15. 4. The cell culture vessel of claim 3, comprising at least two cell culture chambers stacked one on top of the other, the inlets being fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber via an inlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber having an inlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the inlet manifold, and the outlets being fluidly connected to each cell culture chamber via an outlet manifold, and each cell culture chamber having an outlet opening between the cell culture chamber and the outlet manifold.

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