Power supply device, electric vehicle equipped with the power supply device, and power storage device

Abstract

This power supply device is provided with: a battery block (10) formed by stacking multiple battery cells (1) in a thickness direction with a separator (2) interposed therebetween; a pair of end plates (3) disposed on both end surfaces of the battery block (10); and a bind bar (4) connected to the pair of end plates (3) and fixing the battery block (10) in a compressed state via the end plates (3). The surface or the entirety of the separator (2) is formed as an elastic plate (5) made of an open-celled plastic foam.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply device in which many battery cells are stacked, and an electric vehicle and a power storage device equipped with this power supply device. [Background technology]

[0002] Power supply devices with many stacked battery cells are suitable as power sources mounted on electric vehicles to supply power to the motor that runs the vehicle, as power sources charged with natural energy such as solar cells or overnight power, and as backup power sources during power outages. Power supply devices with this structure have separators sandwiched between the stacked battery cells. Power supply devices in which many battery cells are stacked with separators sandwiched between them fix the stacked battery cells in a pressurized state to prevent displacement due to battery cell expansion. To achieve this, the power supply device has a pair of end plates disposed on both end faces of a battery block in which many battery cells are stacked, and the pair of end plates are connected by a bind bar. (See Patent Document 1) [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-204708 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The power supply unit stacks multiple battery cells to form a battery block, and a pair of end plates are placed on both end faces of the battery block, which are held in a pressurized state with a fairly strong pressure from both ends and connected with a bind bar. The power supply unit fixes the battery cells under strong pressure to prevent malfunctions due to relative movement or vibration of the battery cells. For example, this power supply unit can be used with a stacked surface area of ​​about 100 cm2. 2In a device using battery cells with a structure such as this, the end plates are pressed with a strong force of several tons and fixed with a bind bar. In a power supply device with this structure, adjacent stacked battery cells are insulated with separators, and hard plastic plates are used for the separators. When the internal pressure of the battery cells increases and they expand, the hard plastic separators cannot absorb the expansion of the battery cells, and in this state, the surface pressure between the battery cells and the separators increases rapidly, and an extremely strong force acts on the end plates and the bind bars. For this reason, the end plates and the bind bars are required to be made of an extremely strong material and shape, which has the disadvantages of making the power supply device heavy and large, as well as increasing the material cost. Furthermore, battery cells that expand unevenly rather than uniformly as a whole have an uneven surface pressure distribution, which has the disadvantages of adversely affecting the electrodes, etc.

[0005] The present invention was developed with the aim of eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks, and one of the objects of the present invention is to provide technology that enables separators to effortlessly absorb the expansion of battery cells and that can absorb the expansion while equalizing the surface pressure distribution of the battery cells. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A power supply device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a battery block formed by stacking multiple battery cells in the thickness direction with separators sandwiched between them, a pair of end plates disposed on both end faces of the battery block, and bind bars connected to the pair of end plates and fixing the battery block in a pressurized state via the end plates. The separator has a surface or the entirety made of an elastic plate made of a plastic foam with open cells. The elastic plate is made of urethane foam and has an apparent density of 150 kg / m 3 More than 750kg / m 3 Hereinafter, the thickness is defined as 0.2 mm or more and 7 mm or less.

[0007] An electric vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned power supply device, a motor for driving that is supplied with power from the power supply device, a vehicle body equipped with the power supply device and the motor, and wheels driven by the motor to drive the vehicle body.

[0008] A power storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the power supply device described above and a power supply controller that controls charging and discharging of the power supply device. Battery block This enables charging to Battery block The system controls the charging of the battery. Effect of the Invention

[0009] In the power supply device described above, the separators naturally absorb the expansion of the battery cells, and furthermore, the expansion can be absorbed while equalizing the surface pressure distribution of the battery cells. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 2] 2 is a vertical sectional view of the power supply device shown in FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the power supply device shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view showing the stacked state of battery cells and separators. [Diagram 5] 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the battery cell in FIG. 4 is expanded. [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of a separator. [Figure 7] FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of a separator. [Figure 8] 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a power supply device mounted on a hybrid vehicle that runs on an engine and a motor. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example in which a power supply device is mounted on an electric vehicle that runs only on a motor. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of application to a power supply device for power storage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, terms indicating specific directions or positions (e.g., "upper", "lower", and other terms including these terms) are used as necessary, but the use of these terms is for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention with reference to the drawings, and the meanings of these terms do not limit the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, parts with the same reference numerals appearing in multiple drawings indicate the same or equivalent parts or members. Furthermore, the embodiments shown below are specific examples of the technical ideas of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention to the following. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions, etc. of the components described below are intended to be illustrative and not to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the contents described in one embodiment or example can be applied to other embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the sizes and positional relationships of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated to clarify the explanation.

[0012] The power supply device of the first embodiment of the present invention includes a battery block formed by stacking multiple battery cells in the thickness direction with separators sandwiched between them, a pair of end plates arranged on both end faces of the battery block, and bind bars connected to the pair of end plates and fixing the battery block in a pressurized state via the end plates. The separator has a surface or the entirety thereof made of an elastic plate made of plastic foam with open cells.

[0013] In the above power supply device, the separator is an elastic separator made of open-cell plastic foam that elastically deforms, so the expansion of the battery cell is absorbed by the elastic plate. This makes it possible to prevent the surface pressure between the battery cell and the separator from increasing when the internal pressure of the battery cell increases and causes it to expand. In this power supply device, the separator's elastic plate is made of open-cell plastic foam, so the surface pressure distribution on the battery cell surface is made uniform, preventing the adverse effect of locally high pressure. This is because when open-cell plastic foam is pressed and crushed, the air inside the cells flows to the surroundings through the open cells, making it easy to deform.

[0014] Since an elastic plate made of closed-cell plastic foam also deforms elastically, it can be used as a separator to absorb the expansion of battery cells, but because the bubbles in this elastic plate separator are closed, when the bubbles are pressed against the battery cell and crushed, the internal pressure of the bubbles rises, inhibiting elastic deformation. Therefore, a separator made of closed-cell plastic foam has the disadvantage that it cannot evenly absorb the local expansion of the battery cell, resulting in uneven distribution of surface pressure on the battery cell surface, which has a negative effect on the electrode layer built into the battery. The above power supply device uses an elastic plate made of open-cell plastic foam as a separator, eliminating the above disadvantages and achieving the advantage of equalizing the surface pressure distribution of the battery cells.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above power supply device, the elastic plate of the separator suppresses an increase in surface pressure due to expansion of the battery cells, preventing excessive stress from being applied to the end plates and bind bars due to expansion of the battery cells. The end plates and bind bars, which can reduce the maximum stress, can be made thinner and lighter. Furthermore, a power supply device that absorbs battery cell expansion with separators between the battery cells can also suppress deviations in relative position due to expansion of the battery cells. This also prevents adverse effects on the electrical connections of the battery cells. The stacked battery cells are electrically connected by fixing metal plate bus bars to the electrode terminals, but if the battery cells become misaligned relative to one another, excessive stress will be applied to the bus bars and electrode terminals, causing malfunctions.

[0016] In a power supply device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, an elastic plate having open cells has a non-foamed layer on the surface.

[0017] In the power supply device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the surface of an elastic plate having open cells is a foam layer in which cut cells are exposed.

[0018] In the power supply device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the elastic plate is made of urethane foam.

[0019] In the power supply device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the entire separator is made of an elastic plate.

[0020] In a power supply device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, the separator has a laminated structure of an elastic plate and a heat insulating layer.

[0021] In the power supply device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the elastic plate is set to be equal to or greater than 0.2 mm and equal to or less than 7 mm.

[0022] (Embodiment 1) A power supply device 100 shown in the oblique view of Figure 1, the vertical cross-sectional view of Figure 2, and the horizontal cross-sectional view of Figure 3 comprises a battery block 10 in which multiple battery cells 1 are stacked in the thickness direction with separators 2 sandwiched between them, a pair of end plates 3 arranged on both end faces of the battery block 10, and a bind bar 4 that connects the pair of end plates 3 and fixes the battery block 10 in a pressurized state via the end plates 3.

[0023] (Battery block 10) The battery block 10 is formed by stacking multiple battery cells 1, which are rectangular battery cells with an external shape of a rectangle, in the thickness direction with separators 2 sandwiched between them. The multiple battery cells 1 are stacked so that their upper surfaces are flush with each other to form the battery block 10.

[0024] (Battery cell 1) As shown in Fig. 1, the battery cell 1 has a pair of positive and negative electrode terminals 13 that protrude upward from both ends of the top surface. A safety valve 14 is provided between the electrode terminals 13. The safety valve 14 opens to release internal gas when the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 rises to or above a predetermined value. The safety valve 14 prevents the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 from increasing.

[0025] The battery cell 1 is a lithium ion secondary battery. The power supply device 100, which uses a lithium ion secondary battery as the battery cell 1, has the feature of being able to increase the charging capacity relative to the capacity and weight. However, the battery cell 1 can be any other rechargeable battery, such as a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery other than a lithium ion secondary battery.

[0026] (3 end plates, 4 bind bars) The end plates 3 are metal plates with an outline roughly equal to the outline of the battery cells 1 so that they do not deform when pressed by the battery block 10, and have bind bars 4 connected to their opposite edges. The bind bars 4 connect the stacked battery cells 1 with the end plates 3 in a pressurized state, and fix the battery block 10 in a pressurized state at a specified pressure.

[0027] (Separator 2) Separators 2 are sandwiched between stacked battery cells 1 to absorb expansion of the battery cells 1 due to increased internal pressure, insulate adjacent battery cells 1, and block heat conduction between the batteries. A battery block 10 connects the battery cells 1 in series or parallel by fixing bus bars (not shown) to the electrode terminals 13 of adjacent battery cells 1. Battery cells 1 connected in series are stacked and insulated with separators 2 because a potential difference occurs in the battery case. Battery cells 1 connected in parallel do not generate a potential difference in the battery case, but are stacked and insulated with separators 2 to prevent the induction of thermal runaway.

[0028] The separator 2 shown in the partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 4 is an elastic plate 5 that absorbs the expansion of the battery cell 1. The separator 2 in this figure is made entirely of the elastic plate 5. This separator 2 can more effectively absorb the expansion of the battery cell 1 because the elastic plate 5 can be made thick. Note that in Figures 4 to 7 shown below, the thickness of the separator 2 relative to the battery cell 1, the state of deformation when the battery cell 1 expands, the cross-sectional structure of the elastic plate 5, etc. are exaggerated in order to make the characteristics of the elastic plate 5 easier to understand.

[0029] The elastic plate 5 is a plate material that elastically deforms when pressed by the expanding battery cell 1, and is an elastic material made of plastic foam with open cells. Plastic foam with open cells has an extremely large amount of deformation compared to non-foamed rubber-like elastic bodies or plastic foam with closed cells, and can effectively absorb the expansion of the battery cell 1. This is because when open-cell foam is pressed by the battery cell 1, the air inside the cells is pushed out through the connected cells, so it can deform to the point where the cells are completely crushed. Separator 2 made of elastic plate 5 of open-cell plastic foam has the advantage that the amount of deformation can be adjusted by the porosity, and the amount of deformation can be increased by increasing the porosity.

[0030] In contrast, when a separator made of closed-cell foam is pressed against a battery cell, the air in the bubbles is not pushed out, but the air pressure inside the bubbles increases, preventing the bubbles from deforming. Furthermore, as the bubbles are crushed into smaller pieces, the pressure inside the bubbles rises rapidly, preventing the bubbles from deforming. Therefore, this separator has a small amount of deformation when pressed. Also, with a separator made of closed-cell foam, it is not possible to increase the amount of deformation by increasing the porosity, because the bubbles are not crushed and therefore prevent deformation. It is even more difficult to increase the deformation rate of a non-foamed rubber-like elastic body than with closed-cell plastic foam, because the volume of the body itself decreases, or the pressed parts move to other parts and deform, limiting the amount of displacement when pressed.

[0031] The separator 2, which is made of an elastic plate 5 of a plastic foam having open cells, has a large capacity for absorbing the displacement of the expanding battery cell 1, and this physical property is particularly important for the separator 2. This is because the separator 2, which has a large amount of deformation when pressed, deforms to follow the expansion of the battery cell 1 while forming a curved surface along the surface of the battery cell 1 as shown in FIG. 5, and can reduce the pressure distribution generated on the pressed surface and suppress the local pressure increase on the battery cell surface. A separator 2 that cannot sufficiently reduce the pressure distribution on the battery cell surface increases the pressure difference inside the battery cell, causing localized internal pressure increase. This condition is particularly harmful in lithium-ion batteries, which are often used in this type of power supply device. This is because in lithium-ion batteries, lithium tends to precipitate on the electrode surface in areas where the internal pressure is locally high, which impairs safety.

[0032] The elastic plate 5 of the separator 2 shown in the partially enlarged view of Figure 4 has a non-foamed layer 5B provided on the surface of a plastic foam having open cells. When this separator 2 is sandwiched between the battery cells 1, the non-foamed layer 5B on the surface is in surface contact with the surface of the battery cell 1. With the non-foamed layer 5B in close contact along the surface of the battery cell 1, this separator 2 absorbs the expansion of the battery cell 1 through the elastic deformation of the foamed layer 5A. Therefore, as shown in Figure 5, this separator 2 can absorb the expansion of the battery cell 1 by deforming into a curved shape that follows the surface of the expanding battery cell 1 while the foamed layer 5A deforms into a shape that follows the expansion of the battery cell 1.

[0033] The elastic plate 5 of the separator 2 shown in the partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 is a foam layer 5C in which the surface of a plastic foam having open cells is cut to expose the cells, and the open cells provide numerous irregularities on the surface. The numerous open cells of this separator 2 absorb the condensed water that adheres to the surface of the battery cell 1, thereby suppressing leakage current and a decrease in insulation resistance due to the condensed water. Since the power supply device is used in various temperature environments, the temperature environment may change and condensed water may adhere to the surface. The condensed water that adheres to the surface of the battery cell 1 may flow down to the surface of the current-carrying part and cause leakage current or reduce the insulation resistance of the current-carrying part. The separator 2 with open cells exposed on the surface absorbs the condensed water and prevents the harmful effects of condensed water. Furthermore, the separator 2 with open cells exposed on the surface and elastically deformed to adhere to the surface of the battery cell 1 can transfer the absorbed condensed water to the inside, and has the characteristic of being able to increase the amount of condensed water absorbed and effectively prevent the harmful effects of condensed water.

[0034] The separator 2 described above is made entirely of the elastic plate 5. However, as shown in the partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 7, the separator 2 can also have a laminated structure of an elastic plate 5 and a heat insulating layer 6. This separator 2 has a laminated structure in which an intermediate heat insulating layer 6 is sandwiched between elastic plates 5 laminated on both sides, and the heat insulating layer 6 can reduce heat conduction between adjacent battery cells 1. The heat insulating layer 6 can be any layer that has better heat resistance than the elastic plate 5, such as a plastic foam with countless fine closed cells.

[0035] The elastic plate 5 of the separator 2 is adjusted in elasticity and thickness to absorb the expansion by deforming when pressured by the expanding battery cell 1. The amount of deformation of the elastic plate 5 caused by the expansion of the battery cell 1 can be adjusted by the type and apparent density of the foamed plastic, and the apparent density can be adjusted by the foaming rate. The elastic plate 5 of the separator 2 has an apparent density of, for example, 150 kg / m 3 More than 750kg / m 3 Less than 200 kg / m 3 More than 500kg / m 3The thickness is 0.2 mm to 7 mm, preferably 1 mm to 5 mm. Urethane foam is suitable for the plastic foam of the elastic plate 5. The separator 2 made of urethane foam has excellent temperature characteristics, and can be compressed to 50% for 22 hours at 100°C, with a compression set of 20% or less.

[0036] Apparent density 240kg / m 3 The separator 2, which is made of an elastic plate 5 of urethane foam with a thickness of 2 mm, absorbs a 1.5 mm expansion of the battery cell and returns to its original shape. This separator 2 absorbs the expansion of the battery cell 1 by deforming until it is crushed to 1 / 4 of its total thickness. Furthermore, the apparent density is 320 kg / m 3 The separator 2, which is made of a urethane foam elastic plate 5, can absorb a 1.8 mm expansion of the battery cell with a thickness of 3 mm, and can absorb a 2.4 mm expansion of the battery cell with a thickness of 4 mm. The urethane foam elastic plate 5 achieves the above characteristics at temperatures below 80°C.

[0037] The power supply device described above can be used as a vehicle power source that supplies power to a motor that runs an electric vehicle. Electric vehicles equipped with the power supply device include hybrid cars and plug-in hybrid cars that run on both an engine and a motor, and electric cars that run only on a motor, and the power supply device is used as a power source for these vehicles. Note that an example will be described in which a large capacity, high output power supply device 100 is constructed by connecting a large number of the above-mentioned power supply devices in series or in parallel to obtain power to drive a vehicle, and further adding necessary control circuits.

[0038] (Power supply unit for hybrid vehicles) FIG. 8 shows an example of a power supply device mounted on a hybrid vehicle that runs on both an engine and a motor. The vehicle HV equipped with the power supply device shown in this figure includes a vehicle body 91, an engine 96 and a motor 93 for running the vehicle body 91, wheels 97 driven by the engine 96 and the motor 93 for running, a power supply device 100 that supplies power to the motor 93, and a generator 94 that charges the battery of the power supply device 100. The power supply device 100 is connected to the motor 93 and the generator 94 via a DC / AC inverter 95. The vehicle HV runs on both the motor 93 and the engine 96 while charging and discharging the battery of the power supply device 100. The motor 93 is driven in an area where the engine efficiency is poor, such as during acceleration or low-speed running, to run the vehicle. The motor 93 is driven by power supplied from the power supply device 100. The generator 94 is driven by the engine 96 or by regenerative braking when braking the vehicle, and charges the battery of the power supply device 100. 8, the vehicle HV may be provided with a charging plug 98 for charging the power supply device 100. The power supply device 100 can be charged by connecting this charging plug 98 to an external power source.

[0039] (Power supply unit for electric vehicles) FIG. 9 shows an example of a power supply device mounted on an electric vehicle that runs only on a motor. The vehicle EV equipped with the power supply device shown in this figure includes a vehicle body 91, a motor 93 for driving the vehicle body 91, wheels 97 driven by the motor 93, a power supply device 100 that supplies power to the motor 93, and a generator 94 that charges the battery of the power supply device 100. The power supply device 100 is connected to the motor 93 and the generator 94 via a DC / AC inverter 95. The motor 93 is driven by power supplied from the power supply device 100. The generator 94 is driven by energy generated when the vehicle EV is subjected to regenerative braking, and charges the battery of the power supply device 100. The vehicle EV also includes a charging plug 98, which can be connected to an external power source to charge the power supply device 100.

[0040] (Power supply device for power storage device) Furthermore, the present invention does not limit the use of the power supply device to a power supply for a motor that runs a vehicle. The power supply device according to the embodiment can also be used as a power supply for a power storage device that charges a battery with power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, or the like and stores the power. Fig. 10 shows a power storage device that charges a battery of a power supply device 100 with a solar cell 82 and stores the power.

[0041] The power storage device shown in FIG. 10 charges a battery of a power supply device 100 with power generated by a solar cell 82 arranged on the roof or rooftop of a building 81 such as a house or a factory. This power storage device charges the battery of the power supply device 100 with a charging circuit 83 using the solar cell 82 as a charging power source, and then supplies power to a load 86 via a DC / AC inverter 85. For this reason, this power storage device has a charging mode and a discharging mode. The power storage device shown in the figure connects the DC / AC inverter 85 and the charging circuit 83 to the power supply device 100 via a discharge switch 87 and a charge switch 84, respectively. The discharge switch 87 and the charge switch 84 are switched ON / OFF by a power supply controller 88 of the power storage device. In the charge mode, the power supply controller 88 switches the charge switch 84 ON and the discharge switch 87 OFF to allow charging from the charging circuit 83 to the power supply device 100. Furthermore, when charging is completed and the battery is fully charged, or when a predetermined charged capacity or more has been reached, the power supply controller 88 switches the charging switch 84 OFF and the discharging switch 87 ON to switch to a discharging mode, permitting discharging from the power supply device 100 to the load 86. Furthermore, if necessary, the charging switch 84 can be turned ON and the discharging switch 87 can be turned ON to supply power to the load 86 and charge the power supply device 100 at the same time.

[0042] Furthermore, although not shown, the power supply device can also be used as a power source for a power storage device that uses late-night power at night to charge and store electricity in a battery. A power supply device that is charged with late-night power is charged with late-night power, which is surplus electricity from power plants, and outputs electricity during the day when the power load is high, making it possible to limit daytime peak power to a low level. Furthermore, the power supply device can also be used as a power source that charges with both the output of solar cells and late-night power. This power supply device effectively uses both the power generated by solar cells and the late-night power, and can efficiently store electricity while taking into account the weather and power consumption.

[0043] The above-described power storage device can be suitably used for applications such as a backup power supply device that can be mounted on a computer server rack, a backup power supply device for wireless base stations for mobile phones and the like, a power supply for home or factory storage, a power supply for street lights, a power storage device combined with a solar cell, and a backup power supply for traffic lights and road traffic indicators. [Industrial Applicability]

[0044] The power supply device according to the present invention can be suitably used as a large current power supply for the power supply of motors for driving electric vehicles such as hybrid cars, fuel cell cars, electric cars, and electric motorcycles. Examples of such power supply devices include plug-in hybrid electric cars, hybrid electric cars, electric cars, and the like that can switch between EV driving mode and HEV driving mode. The power supply device can also be suitably used for applications such as a backup power supply device that can be mounted on a rack for a computer server, a backup power supply device for wireless base stations for mobile phones, and the like, a power storage power supply for home and factory use, a power supply for street lights, and the like, a power storage device combined with a solar cell, and a backup power supply for traffic lights, and the like. [Explanation of symbols]

[0045] 100...Power supply device 1. Battery cell 2…Separator 3…End plate 4. Binding bar 5...Elastic plate 5A…Foam layer 5B: Non-foamed layer 5C…Foam layer with exposed bubbles 6…Thermal insulation layer 10…Battery block 13...Electrode terminal 14...Safety valve 81…Building 82…Solar cell 83…Charging circuit 84…Charging switch 85…DC / AC inverter 86…Load 87…Discharge switch 88…Power supply controller 91…Vehicle body 93…Motor 94…Generator 95…DC / AC inverter 96…Engine 97...Wheel 98…Charging plug HV, EV...Vehicles

Claims

1. a battery block formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells in a thickness direction with separators sandwiched between the battery cells; a pair of end plates disposed on both end surfaces of the battery block; a bind bar that is connected to the pair of end plates and that fixes the battery block in a pressurized state via the end plates; A power supply device comprising: The separator is The surface or the whole of the elastic plate is made of a plastic foam having open cells, The power supply device, wherein the elastic plate is made of urethane foam having an apparent density of 150 kg / m 3 or more and 750 kg / m 3 or less and a thickness of 0.2 mm or more and 7 mm or less.

2. 2. The power supply device according to claim 1, The elastic plate having open cells is A power supply device having a non-foamed layer on its surface.

3. 2. The power supply device according to claim 1, The surface of the elastic plate having open cells is A power supply device, characterized in that the cut air bubbles are an exposed foam layer.

4. 4. The power supply device according to claim 1, A power supply device characterized in that the separator is an elastic plate in its entirety.

5. 5. A power supply device according to claim 1, The separator is The power supply device has a laminated structure of the elastic plate and a heat insulating layer.

6. An electric vehicle comprising the power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The power supply device; a driving motor supplied with power from the power supply device; and a vehicle body having the power supply device and the motor mounted thereon; a wheel driven by the motor to move the vehicle body; An electric vehicle comprising:

7. A power storage device comprising the power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The power supply device; a power supply controller for controlling charging and discharging of the power supply device; Equipped with The power storage device is characterized in that the power supply controller enables charging of the battery block with external power and controls charging of the battery block.

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