Transparent plate laminate and transparent plate laminate structure for automobiles

Abstract

This layered transparent plate body, which is to be attached to an opening of an automobile, comprises a transparent plate and two or more printed layers spaced apart from each other in the thickness direction, and has a peripheral area which is the area up to 30-500 mm from the end edges of the layered transparent plate body and a main area which is the area on the inner side of the peripheral area, wherein the printed layers are formed in the main area.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a transparent sheet laminate and an automotive transparent sheet laminate structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Transparent plate laminates having transparent plates are well known as components to be attached to openings in vehicles, for example, as window materials for vehicles. Some of these transparent plate laminates are configured to be able to control the amount of light transmitted. Among them, so-called light-control window materials, which are filled with liquid crystal or the like and can control the amount of light transmitted by applying a voltage, are well known (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2009-36967 A [Patent Document 2] Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 2-95318 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, the light control window materials or light control laminate structures described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 require a power supply section and wiring, and therefore have a large number of components and a complex structure, which makes their production complicated and increases the costs.

[0005] In particular, when used in an automobile, it may be necessary to control the amount of light that passes through the transparent plate laminate from outside the vehicle and enters the vehicle interior space, depending on the angle of incidence of the light. In such a case, the light control window material or light control laminate structure described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 may not be able to meet the requirement.

[0006] Therefore, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a transparent plate laminate and a transparent plate laminate structure for automobiles that are capable of controlling the amount of light transmission with a simpler structure. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One aspect of the present invention is a transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening in an automobile, comprising a transparent plate and two or more printed layers spaced apart in the thickness direction. Effect of the Invention

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a transparent plate laminate capable of controlling the amount of light transmission with a simpler configuration. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view of a transparent plate laminate according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG. 1, showing a transparent plate laminate according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the function of a printing layer in a transparent plate laminate. [Figure 2C] 4 shows a modified example of the transparent plate laminate according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2D] 4 shows another modified example of the transparent plate laminate according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2E] 4 shows yet another modified example of the transparent plate laminate according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG. 1, showing a transparent plate laminate according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4A] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG. 1, showing a transparent plate laminate according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4B] 13 shows a modified example of the transparent plate laminate according to the third embodiment. [Diagram 5] 4 shows the relationship between the irradiance ratio and the incident angle of light in the examples and the comparative examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. In each drawing, the same or corresponding components may be denoted by the same or corresponding reference numerals, and the description may be omitted. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. In addition, "~" indicating a numerical range includes the upper and lower limits of the numerical range.

[0011] <Transparent plate laminate> FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic appearance of a transparent plate laminate 100 according to this embodiment. The transparent plate laminate 100 includes a transparent plate (transparent plate-like body) 10 as its basic components, and further includes a pattern (design) PT that can be observed with the naked eye. The planar shape of the transparent plate laminate 100 shown in FIG. 1 is generally quadrangular, more specifically rectangular, but the planar shape is not limited to the shape shown. The transparent plate laminate 100 may have a quadrangle other than a rectangle, a polygon other than a quadrangle, or other shapes. Note that the above shapes are approximate, and the vertices may be rounded or the sides may be curved. The transparent plate laminate 100 may be flat or curved. Note that the planar view refers to a view from a normal direction (thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100) to a tangent at any point on the transparent plate laminate 100.

[0012] In this specification, for the sake of simplicity, one direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 is the x direction, and a direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 and perpendicular to the x direction is the y direction. In the example of FIG. 1, the longitudinal direction of the approximately rectangular transparent plate laminate 100 corresponds to the y direction, and the short side direction corresponds to the x direction. Furthermore, in FIG. 1, the direction from left to right along the above x direction is the +x direction, the opposite direction is the -x direction, the direction from bottom to top along the y direction is the +y direction, and the opposite direction is the -y direction. The x direction and the y direction are defined for the sake of convenience, and the x direction and the y direction may be any direction that is perpendicular to each other along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100, for example, the x direction or the y direction may be a direction along the diagonal of the transparent plate laminate 100.

[0013] The transparent plate 10 is preferably a glass plate. The material constituting the glass plate may be inorganic glass or organic glass. Examples of inorganic glass include soda lime silicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, borate glass, lithium aluminosilicate glass, and borosilicate glass. The method of forming the glass plate made of inorganic glass is not particularly limited, but for example, a glass plate formed by a float method or the like is preferable. The glass plate may be unreinforced glass or may be tempered glass that has been subjected to an air-cooling tempering process or a chemically tempering process. Unreinforced glass is formed by forming molten glass into a plate shape and slowly cooling it. On the other hand, tempered glass is formed by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of unreinforced glass. When the tempered glass is air-cooled tempered glass, the glass surface may be strengthened by rapidly cooling a uniformly heated glass plate from a temperature near the softening point, and compressive stress is generated on the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass. When the tempered glass is chemically tempered glass, the glass surface may be strengthened by generating compressive stress on the glass surface by an ion exchange method or the like.

[0014] When the glass plate is made of organic glass, examples of the material include transparent resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resin (eg, polymethyl methacrylate), polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene.

[0015] The transparent plate 10 may be colored to an extent that does not impair transparency and does not impede the function of a printing layer provided in this embodiment, which will be described later. The transparent plate 10 may be made of a material that reflects or absorbs light of a predetermined wavelength, such as ultraviolet or infrared light.

[0016] As shown in FIG. 1, a shielding layer 40 may be provided on the periphery of the transparent plate laminate 100 to protect a sealant or the like that adheres and holds the transparent plate laminate 100 to the vehicle body when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to an opening of the vehicle. The shielding layer 40 can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing a fusible glass frit containing a black pigment and firing it. The shielding layer 40 can be provided on the surface that will be on the inside of the vehicle when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached. In addition, as described later, when the transparent plate laminate 100 has a configuration including two or more transparent plates 10 such as laminated glass, the shielding layer 40 may be provided inside the transparent plate laminate 100. For example, it may be provided on the outside surface of the transparent plate on the inside of the vehicle, or it may be provided on the inside surface of the transparent plate on the outside of the vehicle. The shielding layer 40 may be provided on both the transparent plate on the outside of the vehicle and the transparent plate on the inside of the vehicle.

[0017] The shielding layer 40 is mainly provided in the peripheral region Rp of the transparent plate laminate 100. The shielding layer 40 may have a different width depending on the position. In this specification, the peripheral region Rp is a region from 30 mm to 500 mm from the edge of the transparent plate laminate 100. In other words, the peripheral region Rp is a region starting from the edge of the transparent plate laminate 100 and having an upper limit of 30 mm to 500 mm. The upper limit value may be within this range, and may be, for example, 500 mm, 400 mm, 300 mm, 200 mm, 100 mm, or 50 mm. In addition, the region inside the peripheral region Rp is the main region Rm. In addition, when the shielding layer 40 is provided on the periphery of the transparent plate laminate 100, the region in which the shielding layer 40 is formed may be regarded as the peripheral region Rp in a plan view.

[0018] The transparent plate laminate 100 may be curved as a whole or in part. In that case, the transparent plate 10, which is a component of the transparent plate laminate 100, may be curved by being processed to a predetermined curvature. The radius of curvature of the transparent plate 10 may be 1000 mm to 100000 mm. When the transparent plate 10 is curved inorganic glass, the transparent plate 10 is bent after being formed by a float method. The bending is performed by softening the glass by heating. The heating temperature of the glass during bending is about 550°C to 700°C. The transparent plate 10 may be bent in a single direction, for example, in the front-rear direction or the up-down direction of the automobile when the transparent plate 10 is attached to an opening of the automobile. The transparent plate 10 may also be bent in a complex shape by being bent in the front-rear direction and the up-down direction. To process the transparent plate 10 into a predetermined curvature, bending can be performed by gravity forming, press forming, or the like. When the transparent plate laminate 100 is configured to include two or more transparent plates 10, the radius of curvature of the transparent plate on the vehicle exterior side and the transparent plate on the vehicle interior side may be the same or different.

[0019] The thickness of one transparent plate 10 may be 0.2 mm to 5 mm, and preferably 0.3 mm to 2.4 mm. When the transparent plate laminate 100 is configured to include two or more transparent plates 10, the thickness of the transparent plate on the vehicle exterior side is preferably 1.1 mm to 3 mm at the thinnest part. When the thickness of the glass plate 12 is 1.1 mm or more, the strength such as stone chip resistance is sufficient, and when it is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass 10 does not become too large, which is preferable in terms of fuel efficiency of the vehicle. The thickness of the glass plate 12 is more preferably 1.8 mm to 2.8 mm at the thinnest part, more preferably 1.8 mm to 2.6 mm, even more preferably 1.8 mm to 2.2 mm, and even more preferably 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm. The thickness of the transparent plate on the vehicle interior side is preferably 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm. When the thickness of the glass plate 11 is 0.3 mm or more, the glass plate 11 is easy to handle, and when the thickness is 2.3 mm or less, the glass plate 11 does not become too heavy.

[0020] The transparent plate laminate 100 can be suitably used as a window material, for example, for installation in an opening of a vehicle, particularly an automobile. The transparent plate laminate 100 may be, for example, a roof glass, a front glass, a rear glass, a side glass, or the like.

[0021] Hereinafter, the laminate structure and functions of the transparent plate laminate 100 will be described in detail with reference to cross-sectional views of the transparent plate laminate 100 (FIGS. 2 to 4A).

[0022] First Embodiment 2A to 2E show a first embodiment of a transparent plate laminate 100 according to the present invention. All of Fig. 2A to Fig. 2E are cross-sectional views taken along line II in Fig. 1, that is, cross-sectional views cut along the y direction in Fig. 1.

[0023] 2A to 2E, two transparent plates, that is, a first transparent plate 11 and a second transparent plate 12, are used as the transparent plate 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are joined together via one intermediate film 30.

[0024] When two or more transparent plates are provided as in this example, these two or more transparent plates may be made of the same material as described above or different materials. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the multiple transparent plates may be the same or different from each other.

[0025] In addition, as in the configuration of this example, when the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are made of glass plates and are bonded via the intermediate film 30, the transparent plate laminate 100 becomes a laminated glass. Thermoplastic resins are often used as the intermediate film 30, and examples of such thermoplastic resins that have been used for this type of application include plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, and ionomer resins. In addition, a resin composition containing a modified block copolymer hydrogenated product described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221 can also be preferably used. Among these, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins are preferably used because they have an excellent balance of various performances such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The term "plasticized" in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that the resin is plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.

[0026] The intermediate film 30 may be a resin that does not contain a plasticizer. Examples of resins that do not contain a plasticizer include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins. Examples of the polyvinyl acetal resin include polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "PVA" as necessary) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetal resin in the narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl butyral resin (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "PVB" as necessary) obtained by reacting PVA with n-butylaldehyde. In particular, PVB is preferred because it has an excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0027] However, the material forming the intermediate film 30 is not limited to thermoplastic resin. The intermediate film 30 may have one or more of an ultraviolet shielding effect, a heat shielding effect, and a sound insulating effect.

[0028] The thickness of the interlayer film 30 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at its thinnest part. When the interlayer film 30 is composed of a first interlayer film and a second interlayer film, the thickness of the interlayer film is the sum of the thickness of the first interlayer film and the thickness of the second interlayer film. When the thickness of the interlayer film 30 at its thinnest part is 0.5 mm or more, the impact resistance required for laminated glass is sufficient. In addition, the thickness of the interlayer film 30 is preferably 3 mm or less at its thickest part. When the maximum thickness of the interlayer film 30 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large. The maximum thickness of the interlayer film 30 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

[0029] The intermediate film 30 may have three or more layers. For example, the intermediate film may be formed of three or more layers, and the shear modulus of any layer other than the layers on both sides may be made smaller than the shear modulus of the layers on both sides by adjusting the plasticizer or the like, thereby improving the sound insulation of the transparent plate laminate 100. In this case, the shear modulus of the layers on both sides may be the same or different.

[0030] To prepare the interlayer film 30, for example, the above-mentioned resin material to be the interlayer film is appropriately selected and extruded in a heated and molten state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions such as the extrusion speed of the extruder are set to be uniform. Thereafter, the extruded resin film is stretched as necessary to give curvature to the upper and lower sides according to the design of the laminated glass, thereby completing the interlayer film 30. The laminated glass can be formed by disposing the interlayer film between a plurality of transparent sheets, which are glass sheets, and pressing and / or heating while degassing. For example, the interlayer film 30 is sandwiched between the transparent sheet on the outside of the vehicle and the transparent sheet on the inside of the vehicle to form a laminate. Then, for example, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag, a rubber chamber, a resin bag, or the like, and bonded at a temperature of about 70°C to 110°C in a vacuum with a gauge pressure of -65 kPa to -100 kPa. Furthermore, a pressure bonding process is performed in which heating and pressing are performed under conditions of, for example, 100°C to 150°C and an absolute pressure of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa, thereby obtaining a transparent sheet laminate 100 with better durability. However, in some cases, this heating and pressurizing step may not be used in consideration of simplifying the process. In other words, a method called "cold bending" may be used in which either or both of the transparent sheets on the outside and inside of the vehicle are joined in a state in which they are elastically deformed. Cold bending can be achieved by using a laminate consisting of the transparent sheet on the outside of the vehicle, the transparent sheet on the inside of the vehicle, and the intermediate film 30 fixed by a temporary fixing means such as tape, a conventionally known preliminary pressure bonding device such as a nip roller, a rubber bag, or a rubber chamber, and an autoclave.

[0031] The transparent plate laminate 100 shown in FIG. 2A includes a first printed layer 21 and a second printed layer 22 spaced apart in the thickness direction in addition to the basic configuration of laminated glass. The printed layer is a layer having a function of preventing or weakening the transmission of light, and each printed layer has a pattern (design) that extends along the main surface (xy plane) and can be recognized in a planar view. In other words, each printed layer does not extend continuously over the entire main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 in a planar view, but the printed layer may be composed of a plurality of printed small portions, and these plurality of printed small portions may be spaced apart and arranged regularly or irregularly. The shape of the printed small portions may be any shape that does not impair the function of preventing or weakening the transmission of light, such as a mesh shape, a lattice shape, a strip shape, a line shape, or a circular arc shape. The printed layer may also include a plurality of small portions without printing (small portions without printing), and these plurality of small portions without printing may be spaced apart and arranged regularly or irregularly. In the example shown in FIG. 2A, two printed layers are provided in the thickness direction, but the number of printed layers is not limited to two and may be three or four or more as described below. However, in consideration of manufacturing costs, etc., the number of printed layers is preferably six or less. The first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 may at least partially overlap in a planar view. Also, the multiple first printed portions and the multiple second printed portions may not overlap or may partially overlap in a planar view.

[0032] The method for forming the printed layer is not particularly limited, and for example, the printed layer can be formed by applying ink. Examples of printing methods for forming the printed layer include inkjet printing, offset printing, gravure printing, screen printing, and silk screen printing. Among these, in the case of mass production, screen printing is preferable in consideration of productivity. On the other hand, in the case of small-scale production, inkjet printing, which does not use a mold, is preferable.

[0033] The ink may be an aqueous or oil-based ink containing a colorant and a vehicle, and may be selected depending on the desired function of the printed layer, the printing method, etc. The colorant may contain a known pigment or dye, or both. Examples of colorants include inorganic pigments such as titanium white, zinc white, carbon black, iron black, red oxide, chrome vermilion, yellow lead, titanium yellow, ultramarine blue, and cobalt blue; organic pigments or dyes such as phthalocyanine blue, indanthrene blue, isoindolinone yellow, benzidine yellow, quinacridone red, polyazo red, and aniline black; metal pigments made of scaly foil powder such as aluminum and brass; and pearlescent (pearl) pigments made of scaly foil powder such as titanium dioxide-coated mica and basic lead carbonate.

[0034] The vehicle may contain a solvent, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene, xylene, or a high-boiling petroleum hydrocarbon, a ketone solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, or isophorone, an ester solvent such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, an alcohol solvent such as methanol, ethanol, or butanol, or an ether alcohol solvent such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0035] Furthermore, the vehicle may contain a binder resin. Examples of the binder resin include cellulose derivatives, styrene resins or styrene copolymers, acrylic resins, vinyl polymers, thermosetting resins, fluororesins, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0036] The ink used in the printing layer is made of a different material than the shielding layer 40, but may be made of the same material as the shielding layer 40.

[0037] The patterns of the two or more printed layers may be the same or different. More specifically, the contour shapes of the patterns of the two or more printed layers may be the same or different, and the colors and darknesses of the patterns of the two or more printed layers may be the same or different. More specifically, the visible light transmittance of a plurality of small printed portions in one printed layer may be the same or different from the visible light transmittance of a plurality of small printed portions in another printed layer. For example, when the visible light transmittance of the plurality of small printed portions in the printed layer on the outermost side of the transparent plate laminate 100 is Tv1 and the visible light transmittance of the plurality of small printed portions in the printed layer on the innermost side of the vehicle is Tv2, Tv1 may be greater than Tv2, and Tv1 may be greater than Tv2. <Tv2でもよい。

[0038] In addition, the printing layer is not generally formed by a method called printing, but a sheet-like pattern containing ink and having a substantially uniform thickness may be formed in advance, and then attached to the surface of the plate-like body or other components included in the transparent plate laminate 100 or sandwiched between the components. That is, a pattern may be formed on a transparent substrate, and the substrate may be attached to the plate-like body included in the transparent plate laminate 100, or may be interposed between the transparent plate and the transparent body of the transparent plate laminate 100. Here, as the transparent substrate, a film-like substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, polyvinyl butyral, etc. may be used. The thickness of the transparent substrate may be, for example, about 25 μm to 150 μm. The printing layer is not limited to these, and may be any sheet-like member having a substantially uniform thickness that has a function of preventing or weakening the transmission of light, such as paper or fabric. The fabric may contain natural fibers or artificial fibers.

[0039] In FIG. 2A, the first printed layer 21 is formed between the first transparent plate 11 and the intermediate film 30, and the second printed layer 22 is formed between the intermediate film 30 and the second transparent plate 12. In this case, after the intermediate film 30 is prepared, the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 can be printed on each surface of the intermediate film 30 before the transparent plates 11 and 12 are laminated. However, the first printed layer 21 can be printed on the first transparent plate 11, and the second printed layer 22 can be printed on the second transparent plate 12. In addition, the location where the printed layer is formed is not limited to the location shown in the figure, and may be the outer surface of the transparent plate laminate 100, i.e., the side of the first transparent plate 11 opposite the intermediate film 30, or the side of the second transparent plate 12 opposite the intermediate film 30.

[0040] The thickness of the printed layer may be 200 μm or less, 100 μm or less, or 20 μm or less. The distance in the thickness direction between the printed layers (the distance between the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 in the example of FIG. 2A) may be 0.3 mm or more, 0.35 mm or more. The distance between the printed layers may be 10 mm or less, 5 mm or less.

[0041] Next, the actions and functions exhibited by two or more printed layers will be described in brief with reference to Fig. 2B, in which the transparent plate laminate 100 of Fig. 2A is shown again.

[0042] As described above, the printed layer has the effect of blocking light or weakening the intensity of light, so when light incident from one side of the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 hits the printed layer, a part or all of the light is absorbed or reflected by the printed layer, and does not transmit to the opposite side of the main surface, or only a part of the light transmits. Here, in this embodiment, since the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 are separated in the thickness direction, the total area where the light hits the printed layer (the total area where the light hits the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22) may change depending on the incident direction of the light. In other words, the total projected area of ​​the printed layer projected in one direction on the transparent plate laminate 100 may differ from the total projected area of ​​the multiple printed layers projected in another direction.

[0043] For example, in the schematic example shown in FIG. 2B, the parallel light L1 obliquely incident from the +y direction side of the transparent plate laminate 100 is blocked by the first printed layer 21 or the second printed layer 22, and the blocked area is relatively large. On the other hand, a part of the parallel light L2 obliquely incident from the -y direction side of the transparent plate laminate 100 is blocked by the first printed layer 21 or the second printed layer 22, but a part of the light L2 is transmitted through the transparent plate laminate 100. That is, in the illustrated example, the area through which the transparent plate laminate 100 transmits the light L1 is smaller than the area through which the light L2 is transmitted. In other words, the total projected area of ​​the printed layer projected by applying the light L1 (for example, the area of ​​the shadow part on the projection surface P1) is larger than the total projected area of ​​the printed layer projected by applying the light L2 (for example, the area of ​​the shadow part on the projection surface P2).

[0044] In this way, since the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 are spaced apart from each other in the thickness direction, the transmittance of light passing through the transparent plate laminate 100 can be varied depending on the incident direction (incident angle) of the light. Therefore, for example, when the light source is a parallel light source, the amount of light emitted from the light source present on one side of the transparent plate laminate 100 and entering the space on the other side through the transparent plate laminate 100 or the transmittance of the light can change depending on the position of the light source. Furthermore, for example, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is used by attaching it to an opening of an automobile, even if the intensity of natural light (sunlight) is the same, the amount of light transmitted to the interior space of the automobile or the transmittance of the light can change depending on the angle at which the sunlight hits the transparent plate laminate 100, that is, depending on the relative position of the sun with respect to the automobile.

[0045] When the transparent plate laminate 100 is used as the roof glass of an automobile, it is possible to control the natural light that enters from the top of the automobile. The roof glass allows a lot of light from outside the automobile to be taken in, making the interior of the automobile brighter and providing a sense of openness to the passengers. However, when light enters the automobile obliquely from the rear, the light passes through the roof glass, enters the automobile interior, and reaches the front of the automobile (the driver's seat side). However, if the amount of light is excessively large, the light may be reflected by the instrument panel or the like, hindering the driver's driving. In response to this, by using the transparent plate laminate 100 according to this embodiment, the light transmittance can be controlled according to the incident direction of the light (particularly visible light), and the transmittance of the light that enters obliquely from the rear of the automobile can be reduced. In this case, for example, the printed layer can be configured so that the total projected area of ​​the printed layer projected from the outside of the automobile is increased in a direction inclined toward the rear of the automobile from the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100. On the other hand, by reducing the total projected area of ​​the printed layers projected from outside the vehicle in a direction tilted toward the front of the vehicle from the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100, the transmittance of light entering obliquely from the front of the vehicle can be kept relatively high, and passengers sitting in the back seats of the vehicle can enjoy the light entering through the roof glass.

[0046] As described above, particularly when the transparent plate laminate 100 is used as a window material for an automobile, for example, the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range (angle range greater than 0° and less than 90°) with respect to a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 can be made lower than the transmittance of light incident at an obtuse angle range (angle range greater than 90° and less than 180°) with respect to the predetermined single direction. Note that in this specification, the transmittance of light incident at a predetermined angle range may be a value obtained by measuring the transmittance multiple times at predetermined angle intervals (for example, every 5°) within the angle range and adding up the multiple measured values, or it may be an average value of the multiple measured values.

[0047] In the example of FIG. 2B etc., the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range with respect to the +y direction (light incident from the +y direction side) can be made lower than the transmittance of light incident at an obtuse angle range with respect to the +y direction (light incident from the -y direction side). Also, the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range with respect to the +y direction can be made lower than the transmittance of light incident at an angle of 90° with respect to the +y direction (light incident in the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100). When such a transparent plate laminate 100 is provided in an opening of an automobile, the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to the opening of the automobile so that the -y direction faces the front of the automobile and the +y direction faces the rear of the automobile, thereby making it possible to reduce the transmittance of light entering obliquely from the rear of the automobile.

[0048] In other words, the angle of incident light can be referred to as the incident angle φ ( FIG. 2B ), which is an angle inclined toward the front-rear direction of the automobile with respect to the normal direction (i.e., the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100) at an arbitrary point (position) on the surface of the main region Rm inside the peripheral region Rp. The arbitrary point may be, for example, a point at which a straight line along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100 intersects with the center of gravity of the transparent plate laminate 100. The incident angle φ may be in the range of 0° or more and less than 90°.

[0049] In this case, the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range with respect to a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (0°<φ<90°) can be made lower than the transmittance of light incident at 90° with respect to the predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (light incident in the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100: φ=0°). More specifically, the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range with respect to a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 can be made to be 5% to 80% of the transmittance of light incident at 90° with respect to the predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (light incident in the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100).

[0050] The acute angle range is preferably 5° to 50°. In other words, it is preferable that the transmittance of light incident at 5° to 50° (40°≦φ≦85°) in a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 is 5% to 80% of the transmittance of light incident at 90° (φ=0°) in a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100. This makes it possible to reduce the transmittance of light entering obliquely from the rear of an automobile, particularly when the transparent plate laminate 100 is used as a roof glass, thereby improving the above-mentioned effect of reducing or preventing reflection of light on the instrument panel.

[0051] In addition, the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range with respect to a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (0°<φ<90°) can be made higher than the transmittance of light incident at 90° with respect to a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (light incident in the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100: φ=0°). More specifically, the transmittance of light incident at 90° with respect to a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (light incident in the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100) can be 5% to 80% of the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range with respect to a predetermined single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100.

[0052] In the example of FIG. 2B etc., the transmittance of light incident at an acute angle range with respect to the +y direction (0°<φ<90°) can be made higher than the transmittance of light incident at 90° with respect to the +y direction (light incident in the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100:φ=0°). When such a transparent plate laminate 100 is provided in an opening of a car, the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to the opening of the car so that the +y direction faces the front of the car and the -y direction faces the rear of the car, thereby making it possible to increase the transmittance of light that enters obliquely from the front of the car and to decrease the transmittance of light that enters directly below from the top of the car. In other words, when viewed from the back seat of the car, it becomes easier to see the view above the front of the car while blocking light that enters near the top of the passenger's head from the top of the car.

[0053] According to these examples, the illuminance from a predetermined incident direction can be increased and / or the illuminance from another predetermined incident direction can be decreased. That is, in the range of 0° to 90° with respect to the normal direction of the transparent plate 10 (11, 12) passing through the center of gravity of the transparent plate laminate 100, when the irradiance at the first incident angle φ1 is E1 and the irradiance at the second incident angle φ2 is E2, if there exist φ1 and φ2 that satisfy 0° < φ1 < φ2 < 90° and E1 < E2, the illuminance from the predetermined incident direction can be increased. For example, when the predetermined incident direction is φ2, by adjusting φ2 to an angle corresponding to 70° or less, preferably 25° to 70°, more preferably 30° to 55°, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is used particularly as a roof glass, the view through the roof glass from the rear seat is improved, and the effect of suppressing solar radiation incident from the angle of φ1 can be obtained.

[0054] Also, when the irradiance at the third incident angle φ3 is E3, if there exist φ1, φ2, and φ3 that satisfy 0° < φ1 < φ2 < φ3 < 90°, E1 < E2, and E2 > E3, the illuminance from a predetermined incident direction can be increased and the illuminance from another predetermined incident direction can be decreased. For example, when the predetermined incident direction is φ2, by adjusting φ2 to an angle corresponding to 70° or less, preferably 25° to 70°, more preferably 30° to 55°, the view through the roof glass from the rear seat is improved, and the effect of suppressing solar radiation incident from angles other than φ2 can be obtained.

[0055] The irradiance E can be measured as follows. In a darkroom, a light source is placed on a straight line M that passes through the center of gravity of the transparent plate laminate and extends along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate, and is located 300 mm away from one main surface of the transparent plate laminate. A pyranometer is also placed on the straight line M, and is located 300 mm away from the other main surface of the transparent plate laminate. Then, light is irradiated from the light source toward the transparent plate laminate. To change the angle of incidence, for example, the position of the light source may be moved while maintaining the distance between the light source and the transparent plate laminate at 300 mm. As the light source, an artificial sunlight light source having a spectrum conforming to the CIE standard illuminant D65 defined by ISO 10526:1999 and CIE S005 may be used. For example, SOLAX XC-500BSS manufactured by Ceric Co., Ltd. may be used to measure the light source. As the pyranometer, for example, MS-802 manufactured by Eiko Seiki Co., Ltd. may be used. The irradiance E may be the integrated irradiance in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 2500 nm.

[0056] In addition, instead of the above-mentioned irradiance E, the irradiance ratio R E In this case, the irradiance E when only the transparent plate laminate is removed in a similar configuration is taken as E0, and E / E0×100[%] is taken as the irradiance ratio R E It is defined as:

[0057] Irradiance ratio R at incident angles of 0° to 90° E The maximum value of is preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 50% or more. If it is 30% or more, sufficient visible light transmittance can be secured, and it is easy to check the view in front of or behind the car from inside the car. In addition, the irradiance ratio R E The minimum value of is preferably 40% or less, and more preferably 20% or less. If it is 40% or less, solar radiation from the front or rear of the vehicle can be blocked to an appropriate level for the passengers in the vehicle.

[0058] In addition, even if the light source is not a parallel light source but includes light incident in various directions on the transparent plate laminate 100, the effect of obtaining control of the transmittance or transmission amount of light with a simpler configuration is achieved. In this case, for example, among the light components contained in the light emitted by the light source, the transmittance of the light component having a predetermined incident direction can be reduced, and the transmittance of the light component having another predetermined incident direction can be increased. As a result, the amount of light emitted from the light source present in the space on one side of the transparent plate laminate 100 and incident on the space on the other side through the transparent plate laminate 100 can be locally increased or decreased in the space on the other side. For example, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to an opening of a car and used, the amount of light in the car interior space can be locally made different. That is, the illuminance can be locally made different in the car interior space, and a relatively bright place and a relatively dark place can be created in the car interior space.

[0059] The above-mentioned effect of being able to change the light transmittance according to the incident direction of light can be further improved by making the pattern shapes of the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 different from each other, or by shifting them in a direction along the main surface (xy plane). In addition, the light control function of the printed layer can be further improved by changing the density, color, light absorption characteristics, etc. of the ink used in the printed layer, the thickness of the printed layer, etc.

[0060] In this way, by using the transparent plate laminate 100 of this embodiment, it is possible to control the amount of transmission or transmittance of light according to the angle of incident light with a simple configuration that does not require a power supply section, wiring, etc. Furthermore, since the transparent plate laminate 100 of this embodiment does not include an electric element, a light control element, etc., there is no need to worry about electric elements, etc. scattering even if it is broken, and therefore a higher level of safety can be ensured than with conventional light control window materials that use voltage.

[0061] The overall configuration of the printed layer including the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 may be uniform over the entire main surface (xy plane) of the transparent plate laminate 100, or may be locally different. The pattern PT formed by two or more printed layers may be provided over the entire surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 in a plan view, or may be provided on a part of the surface (FIG. 1). The plan view region in which the pattern of the printed layer is provided may be provided at 30% or more, preferably 50% or more of the entire area of ​​the transparent plate laminate 100. The printed layer is preferably provided not in the peripheral region Rp of the transparent plate laminate 100 but in the main region Rm inside the peripheral region Rp (FIG. 1). The printed layer may be provided at 30% or more, preferably 50% or more of the area of ​​the main region Rm.

[0062] In addition, in any 100 mm×100 mm area of ​​the main region Rm, the ratio of the area of ​​the printed layer to the area of ​​the 100 mm×100 mm area may be 10% or more, 20% or more, or 30% or more. By doing so, the illuminance can be reduced to a level that can be visually sensed.

[0063] FIG. 2C shows a modified example of the first embodiment of the transparent plate laminate 100. The example shown in FIG. 2C has a configuration in which the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are bonded via the intermediate film 30, as in the examples shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, and includes a plurality of printed layers spaced apart in the thickness direction. However, in this example, in addition to the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22, a third printed layer 23 is provided. The third printed layer 23 is provided on the outer side (opposite the intermediate film 30) of the second transparent plate 12. In this case, since the third printed layer 23 is provided on the outer side of the transparent plate laminate 100 and is exposed to the external environment, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to an automobile and used, it is preferable to arrange the third printed layer 23 so that it faces the inside of the automobile, as shown in FIG. 2C.

[0064] In addition, a printed layer arranged on the outside of the transparent plate laminate 100, such as the third printed layer 23, can also be formed, for example, by forming a sheet having a pattern and a substantially uniform thickness and attaching it to the transparent plate 12.

[0065] FIG. 2D shows another modified example of the transparent plate laminate 100 according to the first embodiment. The example shown in FIG. 2D has a configuration in which the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are bonded via the intermediate film 30, as in the example shown in FIG. 2C, and includes a plurality of printed layers spaced apart in the thickness direction, that is, the first printed layer 21, the second printed layer 22, and the third printed layer 23. However, the intermediate film 30 is composed of two layers, and includes a first intermediate layer 31 and a second intermediate layer 32. The first printed layer 21 is disposed between the first transparent plate 11 and the first intermediate layer 31, the second printed layer 22 is disposed between the first intermediate layer 31 and the second intermediate layer 32, and the third printed layer 23 is disposed between the second intermediate layer 32 and the second transparent plate 12. In the example shown in FIG. 2D, all three printed layers are enclosed inside the transparent plate laminate 100, and the printed layers are not exposed to the external environment, so that deterioration of the printed layers can be prevented.

[0066] FIG. 2E shows another modified example of the transparent plate laminate 100 according to the first embodiment. The example shown in FIG. 2E differs from the example shown in FIG. 2D in that the intermediate film is composed of three layers. That is, the intermediate film has an intermediate layer 31, a second intermediate layer 32, and a third intermediate layer 33. The first printed layer 21 is disposed between the first intermediate layer 31 and the second intermediate layer 32, the second printed layer 22 is disposed between the second intermediate layer 32 and the third intermediate layer 33, and the third printed layer 23 is disposed between the third intermediate layer 33 and the second transparent plate 12. When the transparent plate laminate 100 of this example is attached to an opening of a car, for example, by attaching the upper side in FIG. 2E to the outside of the car, direct sunlight from outside the car reaches the printed layer through the first intermediate layer 31, thereby reducing deterioration of the printed layer. In that case, it is preferable that the intermediate film 30 contains a component having an ultraviolet ray shielding effect.

[0067] <Second embodiment> FIG. 3 shows a transparent plate laminate 200 according to the second embodiment. In the example of FIG. 3, the transparent plate 11 is a single plate. A first printed layer 21 and a second printed layer 22 are provided on both sides of the transparent plate 11, respectively. In the case of this embodiment, as described in the explanation of FIG. 2C, the first printed layer 21 and the second printed layer 22 can each be formed as a sheet having a pattern and a substantially uniform thickness, and then attached. In addition, when the transparent plate laminate 200 is attached to an opening of an automobile, a protective film may be attached to at least the surface of the transparent plate laminate 200 that faces the outside of the automobile.

[0068] <Third embodiment> 4A and 4B show a transparent plate laminate 300 according to a third embodiment. Both of Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B show a multi-layer structure in which two transparent plates, a first transparent plate 11 and a second transparent plate 12, are arranged at a distance from each other. When the transparent plates 11 and 12 are glass plates, the transparent plate laminate 300 according to this embodiment becomes a multi-layer glass.

[0069] 4A, spacers 60 are disposed on both ends of the transparent plate laminate 300 to ensure a gap between the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12, and a gas such as air or an inert gas such as argon can be filled in the space between the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12. In this example, the first printed layer 21 is formed on the inner side of the first transparent plate 11, and the second printed layer 22 is formed on the inner side of the second transparent plate 12.

[0070] The example of Fig. 4B is a multi-layer structure, such as vacuum insulating glass, in which the space between the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 is a reduced pressure gas or a vacuum. In addition to both ends of the transparent plate laminate 300, a plurality of spacers 60 are additionally arranged spaced apart in the y direction, thereby ensuring a gap between the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12. In this example, as in the example shown in Fig. 4A, the first printed layer 21 is formed on the inner side of the first transparent plate 11, and the second printed layer 22 is formed on the inner side of the second transparent plate 12.

[0071] Although the configuration has been described above using several embodiments, the features described in each embodiment can be combined in any manner. The transparent plate laminate may also include only one printed layer with shading in the main surface direction of the transparent plate 10 (e.g., the first transparent plate 11). "Shading" includes (1) the case where the visible light transmittance differs between a specific single printed small portion and another specific single printed small portion in the first printed layer 21, and (2) the case where the spacing between multiple printed small portions changes stepwise in the main region Rm.

[0072] <Automotive transparent plate laminated structure> One embodiment of the present invention is a transparent plate laminate structure for an automobile, which is provided with a holding member on the periphery of the transparent plate laminate described above. The holding member may be a frame for mounting to an automobile, or may be a body frame of the automobile. The holding member may contact a part of the periphery of the transparent plate laminate, or may contact the entire periphery.

[0073] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples described below.

[0074] For the transparent plate laminates of Examples 1 to 3, the irradiance ratio R to the light incidence angle φ [°] E [%] was confirmed by simulation. The results are shown in Figure 5. Examples 1 and 2 are working examples, and Example 3 is a comparative example.

[0075] (Simulation conditions) The light source was placed on a straight line M that passed through the center of gravity of the transparent plate laminate and extended along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate, and at a position 300 mm away from one of the main surfaces of the transparent plate laminate. The light source used was an artificial sunlight source with a spectrum conforming to the CIE standard illuminant D65 defined by ISO 10526:1999 and CIE S005. Irradiance ratio R at a position on the straight line M and 300 mm away from the other main surface of the transparent plate laminate E was calculated for incident angles φ in the range of 0° to 60°. The irradiance ratio, R E=E / E0 × 100 [%] (irradiance E: integrated irradiance in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 2500 nm, E0: irradiance when only the transparent plate laminate is removed from a similar configuration). Reflection, scattering, transmission, absorption, and refraction of the transparent laminate were taken into consideration. The refractive index of air was set to 1.0, and that of glass and the intermediate film was set to 1.5. The visible light transmittance of the small printed area was 0% at an incident angle of φ=0° for both the first printed layer and the second printed layer. Note that, although a non-curved laminate of transparent plates was used in this simulation, the results of this simulation can also be used for a curved laminate of transparent plates.

[0076] (Example 1) The transparent plate laminate of Example 1 had the structure of the first embodiment, except that the intermediate film had a two-layer structure. The transparent plate laminate of Example 1 had dimensions of 1000 mm length x 1000 mm width, and from the light source side, was made up of green glass (2 mm thick), a PVB interlayer (0.38 mm thick), a first printed layer (10 μm thick), a PVB interlayer (0.76 mm thick), a second printed layer (10 μm thick), and green glass (2 mm thick). In other words, the first printed layer and the second printed layer were spaced apart by 0.76 mm. The first printed layer (10 μm thick) was a strip of small printed areas 1 mm wide and 1000 mm long, spaced 1 mm apart across the width of the laminate. The second printed layer (10 μm thick) was a strip of small printed areas 1 mm wide and 1000 mm long, spaced 1 mm apart across the width of the laminate. The small printed portion of the first printed layer and the small printed portion of the second printed layer were arranged with a shift of 0.535 mm in the width direction of the laminate. More specifically, the small printed portion of the first printed layer was arranged 0.535 mm closer to one end in the width direction than the small printed portion of the second printed layer. The incidence angle φ was an angle inclined toward the one end side with respect to the thickness direction of the laminate on a plane including the thickness direction and width direction of the laminate.

[0077] (Example 2) The transparent plate laminate of Example 2 was the same as that of Example 1, except that the pattern misalignment between the first printed layer and the second printed layer was changed. The small printed portion of the first printed layer and the small printed portion of the second printed layer were offset by 0.354 mm in the width direction.

[0078] (Example 3) The transparent plate laminate of Example 3 had the same configuration as the transparent plate laminate of Example 1, except that the first printed layer and the second printed layer were not disposed.

[0079] In the transparent laminate of Example 1, the irradiance ratio R at φ=45° E was 30%. And R E is smaller than 30% when 0°≦φ<45°, and becomes smaller as φ approaches 0°. In addition, the irradiance ratio R E is larger than 30% when φ is 45°<φ≦60°, and becomes larger as φ approaches 60°. Specifically, R E was 17% at φ=0° and 31% at φ=60°. Therefore, it was confirmed that the transparent plate laminate of Example 1 can increase the illuminance at a given φ=45° and decrease the illuminance at φ<45°, which is smaller than 45°.

[0080] In the transparent laminate of Example 2, the irradiance ratio R at φ=30° E was 34%. And R E is larger than 34% for 0°≦φ<30° and 30°<φ≦60°, and becomes smaller as φ approaches 0° and 60°. Specifically, R E was 17% at φ=0° and 31% at φ=60°. Therefore, it was confirmed that the transparent plate laminate of Example 2 can increase the illuminance at a given angle of φ=30° and decrease the illuminance at other given angles of incidence φ<30° and φ>30°.

[0081] In the transparent plate laminate of Example 3, the irradiance ratio R E was 73% at φ=0°, 63% at φ=60°, and decreased as the angle approached 60°. Therefore, it was confirmed that the transparent plate laminate of Example 3 did not reduce the illuminance at a different incident angle smaller than a given incident angle.

[0082] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-214136, filed with the Japan Patent Office on November 27, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Explanation of symbols]

[0083] 100, 200, 300 transparent plate laminate 10, 11, 12 Transparent plate 21, 22, 23 printing layer 30, 31, 32, 33 Interlayer 40 Shielding layer 60 Spacer PT Pattern Rm main area Rp Peripheral region

Claims

1. A transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening in an automobile, comprising: Transparent plate, and Two or more printed layers spaced apart in a thickness direction; The transparent plate laminate has a peripheral region in which a shielding layer is formed, the peripheral region being 30 mm to 500 mm from an edge of the transparent plate laminate, and a main region in which the shielding layer is not formed, the main region being an area inside the peripheral region, The printed layer is formed in the main area, the transparent plate laminate.

2. A transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening in an automobile, comprising: Transparent plate, and A visually observable pattern is formed by two or more printed layers spaced apart in a thickness direction, The transparent plate laminate has a peripheral region that is a region from 30 mm to 500 mm from an edge thereof, and a main region that is a region inside the peripheral region, A transparent plate laminate, wherein the pattern formed by the two or more printed layers is formed over the entire surface of the main area.

3. A transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening in an automobile, comprising: Transparent plate, and Two or more printed layers spaced apart in a thickness direction; The transparent plate laminate has a peripheral region that is a region from 30 mm to 500 mm from an edge thereof, and a main region that is a region inside the peripheral region, The printing layer is formed in the main region, A transparent plate laminate, in which the ratio of the area of ​​the printed layer to the area of ​​the main region is 10% or more in any 100 mm x 100 mm area of ​​the main region.

4. A transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening in an automobile, comprising: Transparent plate, and Two or more printed layers spaced apart in a thickness direction; The transparent plate laminate has a peripheral region that is a region from 30 mm to 500 mm from an edge thereof, and a main region that is a region inside the peripheral region, The printing layer is formed in the main region, In the range of 0° to 90° from the normal direction at any point on the transparent plate laminate to the front-rear direction of the automobile, The irradiance ratio at the first incident angle φ1 is RE1, When the irradiance ratio at the second incident angle φ2 is RE2, A transparent plate laminate, wherein the first incident angle φ1 and the second incident angle φ2 exist and satisfy 0°<φ1<φ2<90° and RE1<RE2.

5. In the range of 0° to 90° from the normal direction at any point on the transparent plate laminate to the front-rear direction of the automobile, When the irradiance ratio at the third incident angle φ3 is RE3, The transparent plate laminate according to claim 4, wherein the first incident angle φ1, the second incident angle φ2, and the third incident angle φ3 satisfy 0°<φ1<φ2<φ3<90°, RE1<RE2, and RE2>RE3.

6. The transparent plate laminate according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the second incident angle φ2 satisfies 0°<φ2≦70°.

7. A transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening in an automobile, comprising: Transparent plate, and Two or more printed layers spaced apart in a thickness direction; The transparent plate laminate has a peripheral region that is a region from 30 mm to 500 mm from an edge thereof, and a main region that is a region inside the peripheral region, The printing layer is formed in the main region, In the range of 0° to 90° from the normal direction at any point on the transparent plate laminate to the front-rear direction of the automobile, A transparent plate laminate having a minimum irradiance ratio of 10% or more and a maximum irradiance ratio of 70% or less.

8. The transparent plate laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the distance between the two or more printed layers in the thickness direction is 0.3 mm or more.

9. The transparent plate laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the printing layer has a thickness of 100 μm or less.

10. The transparent plate laminate according to claim 1 , wherein an area of ​​the portion where the printed layer is formed is 30% or more of an area of ​​the transparent plate laminate.

11. The transparent sheet laminate according to claim 1 , which is a laminated glass.

12. The transparent sheet laminate according to claim 1 , which is a roof glass of an automobile.

13. The two or more printed layers include a first printed layer and a second printed layer, The transparent plate laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the first printed layer and the second printed layer at least partially overlap each other in a plan view.

14. The first printed layer has a plurality of first printed portions; the second printed layer has a plurality of second printed portions; The transparent plate laminate according to claim 13 , wherein the first small printed portions and the second small printed portions do not overlap or partially overlap in a plan view.

15. The transparent plate laminate according to claim 14 , wherein the first printed portions and the second printed portions have different visible light transmittances.

16. A transparent plate laminate structure for an automobile, comprising the transparent plate laminate according to claim 1 and a holding member on a periphery of the transparent plate laminate.

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