building

Abstract

To provide a building utilizing properties of heavy board materials such as CLT and having unique characteristics that did not exist previously, and to provide a coupling structure that can counter own weight and external forces.SOLUTION: A building is configured from vertical plate materials 11, 12, 13, and in addition to forming defective parts 73, 88 on both of two adjacent plate materials in the vertical direction, remaining parts 78, 83 are held adjacent to the defective parts, and the remaining parts 83, 78 on both sides are fitted into the corresponding defective parts 73, 88 to couple the plate materials. Moreover, by making a configuration such that side edge surfaces of the plate materials entering a room end in the room in front of an outer wall, the allocation of rooms and the arrangement of passages will be determined by installing the plate materials, and the building constructed by such fitting of the plate materials will become a unique appearance. Furthermore, it is possible to hold strength by holding the remaining parts 83, 78 for fitting the plate materials, and lifting of the plate materials is prevented by disposing metal fittings on the contact surface of the plate materials, and it is possible to counter external force such as earthquake.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to buildings whose framework is made of heavy board materials such as CLT, and to connecting structures used at the intersections between these board materials. [Background technology]

[0002] Wooden construction has long been the mainstream for small buildings such as houses, but in recent years, large-section laminated timber has become readily available, making it easier to build larger public facilities and stores using wood. There are many different types of laminated timber, but one called CLT has sufficient strength due to its size and thickness and can be used as is as a structural material for buildings, and the framework of a building can be constructed simply by combining multiple CLT pieces. Moreover, the surface of CLT retains the natural feel of wood, so it can be used as an interior material as is, eliminating the need for wallpaper, and the characteristics of CLT mean that insulation can be reduced, simplifying construction work, and offering many other advantages.

[0003] Examples of technologies related to the present invention include the following patent documents, of which Patent Document 1 discloses a wooden rigid frame structure capable of securing sufficient openings. This wooden rigid frame structure uses plate-shaped wall columns to support horizontal members such as girder beams and girders in the air, and the longitudinal directions of the upper and lower end faces of the wall columns are aligned with the material axis direction of the horizontal members. Anchoring members and a connecting mechanism are used to connect the horizontal members to the wall columns, and the anchoring members are rod-shaped screw members embedded in the horizontal members and wall columns, and the connecting mechanism is composed of bolts and nuts, and this connecting mechanism can draw the anchoring members that are concentrically opposed to each other. Furthermore, notches are provided at the four corners of the wall columns to accommodate the anchoring members. In this way, by connecting the horizontal members to the wall columns using the anchoring members and the connecting mechanism, the wall columns can be treated as earthquake-resistant walls, which improves the freedom of design and makes it possible to secure sufficient openings.

[0004] Patent Document 2 also discloses a brace reinforcement that does not reduce earthquake resistance even when two intersecting braces are placed in a narrow space. This brace reinforcement is composed of two elements: a rectangular base plate and mounting pieces protruding from the four corners of the base plate. It is placed where two braces intersect, and both braces have a notch formed by cutting one side into a step shape, and by fitting these notches together, the two braces are aligned without a step. The brace reinforcement is then assembled to cover this notch, and one brace is arranged along the base plate and sandwiched between the opposing mounting pieces, while the remaining brace is arranged to intersect with the center of the base plate and does not come into contact with the mounting pieces. After assembling the brace reinforcement in this way, nails are driven from the base plate and the mounting pieces toward each brace, and the two braces are integrated through the brace reinforcement, ensuring earthquake resistance.

[0005] The following Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for maintaining the joint strength of a horizontal wooden structural member connected to a vertical wooden structural member in the structural framework of a wooden building, even when the vertical wooden structural member has a long and narrow rectangular cross section. The vertical wooden structural member has a long and narrow rectangular cross section and is similar to a plank, not a square timber. Therefore, after the vertical wooden structural member is erected from the ground, there is a large difference in strength between when a horizontal load acts on the wide side surface and when a horizontal load acts on the side end surface. Therefore, in this document, two vertical wooden structural members are arranged as a set, and the two are arranged in an L-shape or T-shape when viewed from directly above to eliminate the difference in strength depending on the direction, and it becomes possible to maintain the joint strength of the horizontal wooden structural member connected to the vertical wooden structural member. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2006-118275 A [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-231558 [Patent Document 3] JP 2019-196656 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Heavy board materials such as CLT have excellent properties that are different from the pillars and beams used in traditional wooden buildings, and it is expected that by making effective use of these properties, buildings with unique characteristics that have never existed before will be created. Such buildings will be deeply engraved in people's memories, and can have various effects, such as increasing name recognition.

[0008] Furthermore, when using CLT and other plate materials as the framework of a building, the contact surfaces between adjacent plate materials in the vertical direction are constantly subjected to downward loads due to their own weight, and external forces such as earthquakes, strong winds, and snowfall may also act on them. However, there is a limit to the contact area between adjacent plate materials, and plate materials such as CLT have a large weight of their own, so excessive loads may act on these contact surfaces and cause deformation of the framework. In addition, when external forces such as earthquakes, strong winds, and snowfall act on the structure, there is a risk that an upward load, different from normal, may occur and cause the plate materials to lift up, and measures against this are also necessary.

[0009] The present invention was developed based on these circumstances, and aims to utilize the properties of heavy board materials such as CLT to provide buildings with unique features not previously available, as well as to provide a connecting structure that can withstand its own weight and external forces. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] To solve the above problems No. 1The invention relates to a building in which upright boards are arranged horizontally with spaces between them, and also stacked vertically, wherein two adjacent boards are arranged so that they form an angle when viewed from directly above, and the lower of the two boards has a cut-out portion formed therein extending downward from its upper end surface, and the upper board has a cut-out portion formed therein extending upward from its lower end surface, and the two boards are connected by fitting these cut-out portions together, and a framework is constructed by integrating a large number of boards through this fitting, and the individual boards are of two types: those that are arranged along the exterior wall surface, and those that are arranged to extend into the room, and of these, those that are arranged to extend into the room, one or both of their side end surfaces end inside the room just before the exterior wall surface, leaving a space beyond that.

[0011] The building according to the present invention is constructed from heavy board materials such as CLT, and these board materials are arranged in multiples along the exterior wall surfaces, and the board materials are stacked vertically to achieve high-rise buildings. Furthermore, two vertically adjacent board materials are never lined up in the same direction when viewed from directly above, but always have an intersection angle, and at the intersection point, a cutout is formed on both boards, and the two boards are connected so that they interlock by fitting the cutouts together. The specific shape of the cutout can be freely selected, and it can be a simple half-notch, and the intersection angle between the two boards is not limited to a right angle.

[0012] The recess is a cutout that starts from the top or bottom end of the plate and extends vertically along the side, but is never exposed on the side of the plate and is always located in the middle of the plate. However, the recess does not penetrate the top or bottom end of the plate, but ends halfway down the side. Furthermore, to ensure that the plate stands upright stably, it is desirable to fit two or more plates into one plate, and usually multiple recesses are formed. The plate stacking is not limited to two layers, but can be three or more layers, but the bottom plate will be attached to the foundation via anchor bolts or the like.

[0013] Plates are not only placed along the exterior walls of buildings, but also at an angle to the exterior walls to extend into the interior. Plates that extend into the interior in this way inevitably function as partitions within the room, and the room layout is finalized once the installation is complete. They also function as the framework of the building and can withstand various loads. Therefore, there is no need to place plates without interruption on the exterior walls of buildings, and it is possible to secure sections where no plate is placed, and freely install entrances, windows, etc., or to close them off with curtain walls to separate the interior from the exterior.

[0014] When a plate extends into a room, one side edge may protrude outside the room, or both side edges may be located inside the room. The side edge that extends into the room is considered to end just before the exterior wall surface, without reaching it. As a result, a space that can be used as a passageway or an open space is provided between the plate and the exterior wall surface, and the layout of the passageway is inevitably determined. The plate that extends into the room is still fitted with other plate materials and maintains its upright position.

[0015] In this way, in buildings where multiple upright boards are placed along exterior walls, or where upright boards are stacked vertically, two adjacent boards are placed at an angle, and at the intersection, the missing parts of both boards are fitted together, connecting the boards so that they interlock, and by repeating this fitting, a framework is constructed in which all the boards are integrated without loosening. Also, boards that are placed so that they go inside a room are cut off just before the exterior wall, so that the room layout and corridor layout are finalized when the installation of the boards is completed.

[0016] Second The invention is No. 1 In the invention, the fitting of two adjacent plate materials is specified, and of the two plate materials adjacent in the vertical direction, the one located at the bottom is defined as the lower plate, and the one located at the top is defined as the upper plate, and the missing portion of the lower plate is formed by scraping off the upper part of the side of the lower plate, and a remaining portion is secured on the rear side of the missing portion in the thickness direction of the lower plate, and the missing portion of the upper plate is formed by scraping off the lower part of the side of the upper plate, and a remaining portion is secured on the rear side of the missing portion in the thickness direction of the upper plate, and the remaining portion of the upper plate is fitted into the missing portion of the lower plate, and the lower plate and the upper plate are connected by fitting the remaining portion of the lower plate into the missing portion of the upper plate.

[0017] In the building according to the present invention, the laminated plate materials are not limited to two layers, but can be three or more layers. invention In this method, in order to specify the method of fitting the boards together, it is assumed that only two boards adjacent in the vertical direction are extracted from the boards that make up the building. Of these two boards, the one placed at the bottom is defined as the lower board, and the one placed at the top is defined as the upper board, and after forming cutouts in both boards, the lower board and the upper board are fitted together.

[0018] Furthermore, when CLT or similar materials are used for the lower and upper boards, both sides (front and back) become "grain surfaces" that run in the direction of the wood's fibers, but these surfaces are relatively soft and prone to cave-in due to compressive load. In contrast, the "end grain surface" that is perpendicular to the "grain surface" is less likely to cave in due to compressive load. For this reason, if a simple notch is used as a method of fitting the lower and upper boards together, when a horizontal load is applied due to an earthquake or the like, one board will press against the side surface (grain surface) of the other board, and this surface may cave in due to compressive load.

[0019] In order to suppress this collapse, the present invention is characterized in that the missing portion is not a simple half-cut, but a remaining portion is secured on the back side of the missing portion. However, as with a simple half-cut, the missing portion here is also formed by cutting off the side of the lower plate or upper plate, but the missing portion does not simply reach the opposite side, but ends up on the way. The area that has not been cut off on the back side of the missing portion becomes the remaining portion. This missing portion and the remaining portion are formed on both the lower plate and the upper plate, and then the remaining portions of both are fitted into the missing portion of the other plate, thereby connecting the lower plate and the upper plate. Naturally, both missing portions need to be finished into a shape that allows the remaining portion of the other plate to be fitted, but the specific shape can be freely determined. The missing portions can also be formed on both sides of the lower plate or the upper plate, and the area left between them can be the remaining portion.

[0020] In this way, the fitting of the lower board and the upper board is not a simple half cut, but rather a remaining part is secured behind the missing part, and by fitting both remaining parts into the missing part of the other, the contact surface between the lower board and the upper board includes the end grain. Therefore, even if a horizontal load acts on one of the upper boards of the lower board due to an earthquake or the like and presses against the other, this load is also received by the end grain, preventing collapse due to the compressive load. Furthermore, at the contact surface between the lower board and the upper board, the surface that extends in the vertical direction often has an intersecting angle with the side surfaces of both the lower board and the upper board.

[0021] ThirdThe invention is intended to counteract the self-weight and various external forces acting on a building, and is characterized in that, at the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate, which are adjacent in the vertical direction, overlap in the vertical direction, one metal fitting is attached to one surface and the other metal fitting is attached to the remaining surface, and when the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are in surface contact, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are integrated to prevent the upper plate from floating up.

[0022] After the lower and upper plates are fitted together, the state will be naturally maintained by the weight of the upper plate. However, if external forces such as earthquakes, strong winds, or snowfall are applied, the upper plate may rise and the framework of the building may be deformed. Therefore, in this invention, one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are arranged on the contact surface between the lower and upper plates, and the one metal fitting is attached to either the lower or upper plate, and the other metal fitting is attached to the remaining one. It is necessary to adjust the shape and arrangement of both the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting so that they are in surface contact when the lower and upper plates are fitted together, and as a result, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting can transmit horizontal loads, and by integrating the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting by some means, it is possible to prevent the upper plate from floating up.

[0023] The locations where the one and other metal fittings are placed include the top end surface of the lower plate, the bottom end surface of the upper plate, and the end surface of the missing part. Furthermore, in order to conceal the one and other metal fittings, holes or grooves can be formed in these surfaces and the one and other metal fittings can be embedded therein. Furthermore, it is preferable that the one and other metal fittings have a fitting structure rather than simple surface contact so that horizontal loads can be transmitted in all directions. In addition, the means for integrating the one and other metal fittings can be freely selected, and specific examples include a fixing pin or bolt that is inserted so as to penetrate both.

[0024] After the lower and upper plates are fitted together, the weight of the upper plate as well as the downward load acting on the upper plate are only supported by the contact surface with the lower plate, which inevitably increases the compressive load acting on this contact surface, which may cause collapse over time. To distribute this compressive load, rod-shaped objects that function like piles, such as lag screws, are sometimes embedded behind each of the first and second metal fittings. As a result, the compressive load acting on the contact surface between the lower and upper plates is mitigated, suppressing collapse over time and making it easier to build taller buildings.

[0025] In this way, the first metal fitting and the second metal fitting are placed on the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction, and after the lower plate and the upper plate are fitted together, the first metal fitting and the second metal fitting are integrated, thereby preventing the upper plate from floating up. Moreover, in this state, the first metal fitting and the second metal fitting are in surface contact, so horizontal loads can be transmitted through them. Furthermore, by embedding lag screws or the like behind each of the first metal fitting and the second metal fitting, the increase in compressive load due to self-weight, etc. can be suppressed.

[0026] FourthThe invention relates to a connecting structure in which a lower plate and an upper plate, both of which are upright, are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction and are used at the intersection between the two plates, the lower plate and the upper plate are arranged to have an intersection angle when viewed from directly above, the lower plate has a cutout portion formed therein extending downward from its upper end surface, the cutout portion is formed by scraping off an upper portion of the side surface of the lower plate, and a remaining portion is secured on the inner side of the cutout portion in the thickness direction of the lower plate, and the upper plate has a cutout portion formed therein extending upward from its lower end surface, the cutout portion is formed by scraping off a lower portion of the side surface of the upper plate. and a remaining portion is secured behind the missing portion in the thickness direction of the upper plate, and the remaining portion of the upper plate is fitted into the missing portion of the lower plate, and the remaining portion of the lower plate is fitted into the missing portion of the upper plate, thereby connecting the lower plate and the upper plate, and at the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction, one metal fitting is attached to one surface and the other metal fitting is attached to the remaining surface, and when the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are in surface contact, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are integrated to prevent the upper plate from floating up.

[0027] this invention discloses a connecting structure in which two plate materials, called a lower plate and an upper plate, are both vertically arranged adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. The lower plate and the upper plate are as follows: Second The invention is the same as that of the above, and the two are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction with an intersection angle, and at the intersection point, Second As in the invention of the first embodiment, a cutout is formed on both plates, and a remaining portion is secured behind the cutout. The remaining portions of the lower plate and the upper plate are then fitted into the cutout of the other plate, thereby connecting the lower plate and the upper plate. Furthermore, the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction is provided with: Third As in the invention of the previous one, the first metal fitting and the second metal fitting are attached. Therefore, by integrating the first metal fitting and the second metal fitting with a fixing pin or the like, it is possible to prevent the upper plate from floating up. Effect of the Invention

[0028] No. 1In the invention of the present invention, multiple upright boards are arranged along the exterior wall surface, and in buildings where upright boards are stacked vertically, two adjacent boards are arranged at an angle, and at the intersection, the missing parts of both boards are fitted together to connect the boards so that they interlock, and by repeating this fitting, a framework is constructed in which all the boards are integrated without loosening. In addition, boards that are arranged to enter the room are cut off just before the exterior wall surface, so that the room layout and the layout of the passageway are finalized at the stage when the installation of the boards is completed during construction. This simplifies the work related to the interior, and is expected to reduce time and costs.

[0029] The boards that form the framework of a building will inevitably function as both columns and beams. Furthermore, CLT is structurally not anisotropic. Therefore, by using CLT as a board material, sufficient strength can be secured against both horizontal and vertical loads, making it possible to construct a sound building without taking measures such as reinforcement.

[0030] Furthermore, the building according to the present invention is mainly composed of heavy boards, and the side end faces of the boards protrude outside, giving it a unique appearance that sets it apart from conventional buildings, and it is easy to recognize that the interior is divided only by heavy boards, and these features are deeply engraved in people's memories, which is expected to have the effect of increasing public recognition. In addition, the boards arranged so as to infiltrate into the interior of the building function not only as room divisions, but also as the framework of the building. Therefore, there is no need to arrange the boards without interruption on the exterior walls of the building, and it is possible to secure sections without boards, in which entrances, windows, curtain walls, etc. can be freely installed, improving the freedom of design and making it easier to ensure uniqueness in this respect as well.

[0031] SecondAs in the invention of the present invention, the fitting of the lower board and the upper board is not a simple half cut, but rather a remaining part is secured on the inner side of the missing part, and by fitting both remaining parts into the missing part of the other, the contact surface between the lower board and the upper board includes not only the grain side, which is prone to collapse, but also the end surface, which is less likely to collapse. Therefore, even if a horizontal load acts on one of the upper boards of the lower board due to an earthquake or the like and presses the other board, the load is also received by the end surface, preventing collapse due to the compressive load, and maintaining the soundness of the building.

[0032] Third As in the invention of, one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are placed on the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction, and after fitting the lower plate and the upper plate together, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are integrated, which prevents the upper plate from lifting up and makes it possible to withstand external forces such as earthquakes, strong winds and snowfall. Moreover, because the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are in surface contact, horizontal loads can be transmitted through them, reducing the burden on the contact surface between the lower plate and the upper plate (the surface that expands in the vertical direction). In addition, by embedding lag screws or the like behind each of the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting, compressive loads due to self-weight etc. can be distributed over a wide area, which also reduces the burden on the contact surface between the lower plate and the upper plate (the surface that expands in the horizontal direction).

[0033] Fourth As in the invention of the present invention, a cutout is formed in both the lower plate and the upper plate as a connecting structure between the lower plate and the upper plate, and a remaining portion is secured at the rear side of the cutout, and the remaining portion of the upper plate is fitted into the cutout portion of the lower plate, and the remaining portion of the lower plate is fitted into the cutout portion of the upper plate. Second As with the invention of the previous one, even if a horizontal load is applied to one of the upper boards of the lower board due to an earthquake or other event, pressing the other board, this load is also received by the end surface, preventing collapse due to the compressive load. Also, by arranging one metal fitting and the other metal fitting on the contact surface where the lower board and the upper board overlap vertically, Third Like the invention of the previous work, this prevents the upper plate from lifting up and can also withstand external forces such as earthquakes. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0034] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a building according to the present invention, with the lower portion showing the fitting of the lower and upper plates in detail. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a specific example of a connecting structure according to the present invention, in which the left side of the figure shows the entire lower plate and upper plate, and the right side of the figure shows the details of the intersection point between the lower plate and the upper plate. [Diagram 3] 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the upper plate and the other metal fitting of FIG. 2 are inverted upside down. [Figure 4] 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which one metal fitting is attached to the lower plate of FIG. 2 and the other metal fitting is attached to the upper plate. FIG. [Diagram 5] 5 is a perspective view showing the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 4 fitted together. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing details of the lower plate of FIG. 5. [Figure 7] This is a perspective view showing the same connecting structure as in FIG. 2, but differs from FIG. 2 only in that the storage groove is exposed on the side surface of the upper plate. [Figure 8] 8 is a perspective view showing a state in which one metal fitting is attached to the lower plate of FIG. 7 and the other metal fitting is attached to the upper plate. FIG. [Figure 9] 9 is a perspective view showing the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 8 fitted together. FIG. [Figure 10] This is an oblique view showing a connecting structure of a different form from the previous figures, in which cylindrical metal fittings are used for one and the other metal fittings, and a deformed steel bar is used as the embedding tool. [Figure 11] 11 is a perspective view showing a state in which one metal fitting and another metal fitting are attached to both the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 10. FIG. [Figure 12] 12 is a perspective view showing the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 11 fitted together. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0035] FIG. 1 shows a specific example of a building according to the present invention, and the lower part of the figure shows the details of the fitting of the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81. Note that this figure is only intended to help the understanding of the invention, and does not take into consideration the feasibility at all. The framework of this building is constructed only from plates 11, 12, and 13 cut to a specified size from CLT or the like, and the plates 11, 12, and 13 are stacked in three layers, one above the other. The lower plate 11 is placed so as to stand upright from the foundation, but is integrated with the foundation via anchor bolts (not shown). The middle plate 12 is stacked above the lower plate 11, and the upper plate 13 is stacked above the middle plate 12. However, not all of the lower plate 11 are the same size, but are individually different depending on the purpose, and the same is true for the middle plate 12 and the upper plate 13.

[0036] The middle plate material 12 is disposed so as to be perpendicular to the lower plate material 11, and at the intersection between the adjacent lower plate material 11 and the middle plate material 12, cutout portions 73, 88 are formed on both sides, and the lower plate material 11 and the middle plate material 12 are connected by fitting these together. The upper plate material 13 is stacked above the middle plate material 12. This upper plate material 13 is disposed so as to be perpendicular to the middle plate material 12, and at the intersection between the middle plate material 12 and the upper plate material 13, cutout portions 73, 88 are formed on both sides, and the middle plate material 12 and the upper plate material 13 are connected by fitting these together. By fitting the cutouts 73, 88 together in this way, each of the boards 11, 12, 13 is connected to the adjacent boards 11, 12, 13, and all of them are integrated in an upright state, completing the framework of the building. Note that the middle board 12 and the upper board 13 are each supported by two or more other boards 11, 12 to ensure stability.

[0037] The plates 11, 12, and 13 do not need to be placed without interruption along the exterior wall of the building, and an opening section can be secured as shown in this figure. This section can be used to freely install entrances and windows, and the exterior wall can also be constructed with curtain walls. Some of the plates 11, 12, and 13 are placed so that they extend into the room, which determines the room layout, but one of the side edges does not reach the exterior wall surface and ends just before it, securing a space for a passageway or an open void. In addition to a floor, the building will need a roof on top, and these will be installed via the plates 11, 12, and 13. Furthermore, by installing multiple floors at different heights, the room can be made into a multi-layered structure.

[0038] The lower part of the figure shows the details of the fitting of two plate materials 11, 12 stacked vertically. Here, the lower plate material 11 is defined as the lower plate 71, and the middle plate material 12 is defined as the upper plate 81. The lower plate 71 has a triangular cross-sectional cutout 73 formed in the upper part of both sides, as shown in the figure, and furthermore, a remaining part 78 is secured between the two opposing cutout parts 73 in the lower plate 71. The upper plate 81 also has a triangular cross-sectional cutout 88 formed in the lower part of both sides, and a remaining part 83 is secured between the two opposing cutout parts 88, and by fitting both remaining parts 78, 83 into the cutout parts 88, 73 of the other, the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 are connected in an interlocking state.

[0039] In Figure 1, it is assumed that at all intersections between two adjacent plate materials 11, 12, 13, the remaining parts 78, 83 of both are fitted into the missing parts 88, 73 of the other, and this fitting alone will keep all of the plate materials 11, 12, 13 upright. Furthermore, by using CLT for the plate materials 11, 12, 13, its non-anisotropic properties allow it to function as both a column and a beam.

[0040] FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the connection structure according to the present invention, in which the lower board 71 and the upper board 81 are drawn in their entirety on the left side of the figure, and the intersection of the lower board 71 and the upper board 81 is drawn in detail on the right side of the figure. The lower board 71 and the upper board 81 here are heavy laminated timber that function as the framework of a building, like the boards 11, 12, and 13 in FIG. 1, and are arranged upright and adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. The lower board 71 and the upper board 81 in this figure are perpendicular to each other when viewed from directly above, but since the upper board 81 is stacked on the lower board 71, the upper part of the lower board 71 and the lower part of the upper board 81 fit together. To achieve this fit, the lower board 71 and the upper board 81 are both formed with triangular cross-sectional cutouts 73 and 88.

[0041] The cutout 73 of the lower plate 71 is a portion where the side of the lower plate 71 has been scraped off, and its cross section is triangular, with the base of the triangle located on the side of the lower plate 71. The apex of the triangle is located on the center line in the thickness direction of the lower plate 71. Furthermore, the cutout 73 is formed on both sides of the lower plate 71 with the apex as a reference. Therefore, in the cross section of the lower plate 71, a pair of cutouts 73 are arranged to face each other. And, as depicted on the left side of the figure, the cutout 73 extends downward from the upper end surface of the lower plate 71, but it does not reach the lower end surface of the lower plate 71, and is terminated halfway. In addition, the area between the two cutouts 73 arranged to face each other is triangular when viewed from directly above, and this area is referred to as the remaining portion 78. The remaining portions 78 are also arranged in pairs to face each other.

[0042] Similarly, a cutout 88 is formed in the upper plate 81, and the triangular portion adjacent thereto is referred to as the remaining portion 83. However, the cutout 88 here extends upward from the lower end surface of the upper plate 81, but does not reach the upper end surface of the upper plate 81, but is terminated halfway. The remaining portion 83 of the upper plate 81 is fitted into the cutout 73 of the lower plate 71, and the remaining portion 78 of the lower plate 71 is fitted into the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81, thereby connecting the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81. Naturally, both cutouts 73, 88 are finished in a shape that allows the remaining portions 83, 78 of the other to be fitted into each other, but the specific shape is not limited to this figure and can be freely determined.

[0043] Even after the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 are fitted together, the upper plate 81 can still rise up, which may change the arrangement of the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81. To prevent this, in this figure, one metal fitting 21, other metal fitting 31, embedding tool 41, etc. are used, and this one metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71, and the other metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81, but when the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 are fitted together, the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 come into surface contact so as to interlock with each other, and further, by inserting a fixing pin 57 so as to penetrate both, the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 become inseparable.

[0044] On both the left and right sides of the one-side metal fitting 21, side bases 25 are provided that protrude upward. However, since both the left and right side bases 25 have a groove-shaped receiving portion 24 in the center, each side base 25 is divided into front and back. In addition, the area between the left and right side bases 25 is basin-shaped with a reduced height, and a locking hole 26 is provided in the center. Furthermore, the one-side metal fitting 21 is placed on the remaining portion 78 on the upper end surface of the lower plate 71, and in this figure, the one-side metal fitting 21 is placed on each remaining portion 78, so two one-side metal fittings 21 are arranged facing each other. In addition, two corners of the one-side metal fitting 21 are chamfered to prevent the one-side metal fitting 21 from protruding from the remaining portion 78 and blocking the missing portion 73.

[0045] Meanwhile, the metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 via an embedding tool 41, which in this figure is a lag screw. A spirally extending ridge 44 protrudes from the side circumferential surface of this embedding tool 41, and a hexagonal head 45 is formed on one end surface of the embedding tool 41, with a female thread 46 formed in its center. Also, pilot holes 76 are formed in each remaining portion 78 on the upper end surface of the lower plate 71, and the embedding tool 41 is embedded in these pilot holes 76. The ridge 44 of the embedding tool 41 bites into the inner circumferential surface of the pilot hole 76, so that the embedding tool 41 is firmly integrated with the lower plate 71.

[0046] After the embedding tool 41 is completely embedded in the lower plate 71, the one-side metal fitting 21 is placed so as to cover it, and after aligning the locking hole 26 with the female thread 46 of the embedding tool 41 concentrically, the bolt 48 is inserted into the locking hole 26 and tightened, whereby the one-side metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71. The inside diameter of the entrance side of the locking hole 26 is enlarged, and the head of the bolt 48 is embedded therein, so that the head does not protrude to the outside.

[0047] The other metal fitting 31 has downwardly projecting protrusions 34 on both the left and right sides, which fit into the accommodation section 24 of the one metal fitting 21. In addition, the other metal fitting 31 has an intermediate base 35 between the left and right protrusions 34, which is restricted from protruding downward, and has an engagement hole 36 in its center. The intermediate base 35 fits between the left and right side bases 25 of the one metal fitting 21, so that after the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 come into surface contact, the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 move together in the horizontal direction.

[0048] The other metal fitting 31 is disposed directly above the one metal fitting 21. Therefore, the other metal fitting 31 is attached to the end surface of the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81. However, to ensure that this does not impede the surface contact between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81, a storage groove 84 capable of accommodating the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 together is formed in the end surface of the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81. The storage groove 84 is formed by scraping away the end surface of the cutout 88 and does not reach the side surface of the upper plate 81, so that the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 are not exposed to the outside. Note that since the storage groove 84 is formed in each cutout 88, the two storage grooves 84 are disposed facing each other.

[0049] To attach the second metal fitting 31 to the upper plate 81, an embedding tool 41 identical to that used for the lower plate 71 is embedded here as well. The pilot hole 86 of the upper plate 81 is formed in the back surface of the storage groove 84, and after the embedding tool 41 is embedded therein and the second metal fitting 31 is accommodated in the storage groove 84, the bolt 48 is inserted from the locking hole 36 of the second metal fitting 31 toward the embedding tool 41. In order to embed the head of the bolt 48 in the second metal fitting 31, the entrance side of the locking hole 36 has an enlarged inner diameter.

[0050] After the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81, the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are brought closer together, so that the protruding portion 34 of the second metal fitting 31 fits into the receiving portion 24 of the first metal fitting 21, and finally the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 come into surface contact and become one mass. At that time, the middle base 35 of the second metal fitting 31 is sandwiched between the left and right side bases 25 of the first metal fitting 21, so that the horizontal movement of both the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 relative to each other is restricted, and they can transmit horizontal loads. Furthermore, to integrate the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31, a fixing pin 57 is inserted so as to penetrate both of them. For this purpose, a pin hole 27 is provided in the side base 25 of the first metal fitting 21, and a pin hole 37 is also provided in the protruding portion 34 of the second metal fitting 31. Naturally, both pin holes 27 and 37 are aligned concentrically when the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 come into surface contact.

[0051] A fixing hole 87 is formed in the side of the upper plate 81 to insert the fixing pin 57, and the fixing hole 87 reaches the storage groove 84. Naturally, the fixing hole 87 is arranged so as to be concentric with the pin holes 27, 37 of both the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 housed in the storage groove 84. The storage grooves 84 are arranged in two places. Therefore, the fixing holes 87 can also be formed on both side surfaces of the upper plate 81 and each can reach the adjacent storage groove 84. However, in this figure, a long fixing pin 57 is used, and it is assumed that it will penetrate both storage grooves 84 at once. As a result, the fixing hole 87 is exposed only on one side of the upper plate 81.

[0052] 3 shows the upper plate 81 and the other metal fitting 31 of FIG. 2 turned upside down. In this figure, the end surface of the cutout portion 88 of the upper plate 81 and its surroundings are depicted, and a storage groove 84 is formed in the end surface of the cutout portion 88. Note that the storage groove 84 is not simply rectangular, but has two corners chamfered to prevent it from entering the remaining portion 83. A fixing hole 87 that reaches the storage groove 84 is formed in the side surface of the upper plate 81. In addition, for the other metal fitting 31, a middle base 35 is disposed between the left and right protruding portions 34, but this middle base 35 is lower in height than the protruding portions 34, and a locking hole 36 is provided in the center of the middle base 35.

[0053] 3, vertical cross sections of the upper plate 81 are drawn upside down, of which the left one has a cut surface at the center of the pilot hole 86, and the right one has a cut surface at the center of the fixing hole 87. Thus, the fixing hole 87 penetrates the two storage grooves 84, but does not penetrate both side surfaces of the upper plate 81, and is exposed only on one side surface.

[0054] FIG. 4 shows the state in which the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 in FIG. 2, and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81. After embedding the embedding tool 41 in the pilot hole 76 of the lower plate 71, the first metal fitting 21 is placed on the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 so as to cover it, and then the bolt 48 is tightened, and the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71. The two corners of the first metal fitting 21 are chamfered, and by aligning these with the boundary between the missing portion 73 and the remaining portion 78, the first metal fitting 21 can be accurately positioned. The second metal fitting 31 is accommodated in the storage groove 84 of the upper plate 81, and is attached to the upper plate 81 via the embedding tool 41. As shown in this figure, the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are arranged so that two pieces face each other. In addition, the fixing pin 57 is long so that one pin penetrates the storage grooves 84 in two places.

[0055] Fig. 5 shows the state in which the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 of Fig. 4 are fitted together. In the upper right corner of the figure, a cross section of the intersection between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 is drawn. As shown in Fig. 4 above, after the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are attached, the remaining portion 83 of the upper plate 81 is fitted into the missing portion 73 of the lower plate 71, and the remaining portion 78 of the lower plate 71 is fitted into the missing portion 88 of the upper plate 81, so that the top end surface of the lower plate 71 and the end surface of the missing portion 88 of the upper plate 81 come into contact with each other, and the connection structure between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 is completed.

[0056] Once the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81 have been fitted together, the first metal fitting 21 is also accommodated in the storage groove 84, where it comes into surface contact with the second metal fitting 31. Thereafter, the horizontal movement of the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 relative to each other is restricted by the accommodation portion 24 and the protruding portion 34, etc., so that the horizontal load can be transmitted between the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31. As shown in the upper right of the figure, the missing portions 73, 88 and the remaining portions 78, 83 here are all isosceles right-angled triangles, with their vertices meeting at the center of the connecting structure.

[0057] The fixing pin 57 penetrates the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31, so that the upper plate 81 can be prevented from floating up. The lower plate 71 also receives the downward load transmitted from the upper plate 81, but this load is distributed over a wide area of ​​the lower plate 71 via the embedding tool 41. Therefore, the compressive load acting on the contact surface between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81, such as the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the end surface of the missing portion 88 of the upper plate 81, is alleviated, and the collapse can be suppressed. In addition, the first metal fitting 21, the second metal fitting 31, and the embedding tool 41 are embedded inside the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81, and are not exposed to the outside, which is excellent in appearance. The fixing pin 57 is also exposed only on one of the two sides of the upper plate 81, so that the impact on the appearance is suppressed to a minimum.

[0058] Figure 6 shows the details of the lower board 71 in Figure 5. When using CLT as the lower board 71 or upper board 81, it is cut to the specified dimensions based on the design drawings and then cutouts 73 and the like are formed, but the front and back surfaces of the CLT are not processed in any way, so they will maintain their original state even after construction. The front and back surfaces of this CLT become the side surfaces of the lower board 71 and upper board 81, and because many lamina are lined up in the same direction on these surfaces, only the grain surface is exposed. In contrast, at each end surface of the CLT, due to the arrangement of the lamina, in addition to the grain surface, the end grain surface is also exposed.

[0059] Due to its nature, the tangential surface exposed on the surface of CLT is prone to cave-in when a compressive load is applied. Therefore, if a notch is formed in both the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 and they are fitted together, and then a horizontal load is applied to the lower plate 71 or the upper plate 81, the notch may press against the surface (tangential surface) of the other plate, causing a cave-in.

[0060] Therefore, as shown in this figure, by securing the remaining part 78 on the back side of the missing part 73 and tilting the boundary surface between the missing part 73 and the remaining part 78 with respect to the side of the lower board 71, the end grain surface is exposed at the boundary surface between the missing part 73 and the remaining part 78, where the upper board 81 comes into surface contact. Therefore, after the lower board 71 and the upper board 81 are fitted together, the end grain surfaces come into contact with each other, eliminating the weakness in strength and preventing collapse.

[0061] Figure 7 shows the same connecting structure as Figure 2, but differs from Figure 2 only in that the storage groove 84 is exposed on the side surface of the upper plate 81. A vertical cross section of the upper plate 81 is drawn on the right side of the figure. As shown in Figure 5 above, it is desirable to embed the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 in the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 as much as possible. However, if there is no need to cover up the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 for various reasons, exposing the storage groove 84 on the side surface of the upper plate 81 in this way can simplify the work of forming the storage groove 84 and attaching the second metal fitting 31.

[0062] Figure 8 shows the state in which the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 in Figure 7, and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81. Here, the storage groove 84 is exposed on the side surface of the upper plate 81, and the pin hole 37 of the second metal fitting 31 is also exposed without being covered by the upper plate 81. However, a long fixing pin 57 is used to pass through both storage grooves 84 at once, and a fixing hole 87 is formed between the two storage grooves 84 to insert the fixing pin 57.

[0063] 9 shows the state in which the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81 of FIG. 8 are fitted together. Here, the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are exposed from the storage groove 84, and the fixing pin 57 is inserted therein. Note that in this figure, the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71, and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81, but it is also possible to attach the second metal fitting 31 to the lower plate 71, and the first metal fitting 21 to the upper plate 81 in the opposite manner. In addition, the attachment points of the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 can be changed, and it is also possible to use the end surface of the cutout portion 73 of the lower plate 71 and the lower end surface of the upper plate 81, unlike this figure.

[0064] FIG. 10 shows a connecting structure with a different form from the previous figures, in which the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are cylindrical, and a deformed steel bar is used as the embedding tool 42. The first metal fitting 22 here is cylindrical with only the lower end surface closed, and its inside functions as the receiving section 24. In addition, pin holes 27 are provided at two locations, top and bottom, on the side circumferential surface, and a locking hole 26 is provided in the center of the lower end surface. The pin holes 27 are provided on both sides of the receiving section 24. The second metal fitting 32 is cylindrical with only the upper end surface closed, but has a smaller diameter than the first metal fitting 22, and can be fitted into the receiving section 24 of the first metal fitting 22 without loosening. The second metal fitting 32 also has pin holes 37 at two locations, top and bottom, on the side circumferential surface, and a locking hole 36 is provided in the center of the upper end surface.

[0065] The embedding tool 42 here is formed by cutting a deformed steel bar with ribs 49 formed on its side peripheral surface to a specified length and forming a female screw 46 in the center of one end face. When embedding the embedding tool 42 in the pilot holes 76, 86, adhesive is applied to the periphery of the ribs 49 beforehand, and when this solidifies, the embedding tool 42 becomes one with the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81. In addition, when attaching the first metal fitting 22 and the other metal fitting 32 to the embedding tool 42, the locking holes 26, 36 and the female screw 46 of the embedding tool 42 are aligned concentrically, and then the bolt 48 is inserted inside the first metal fitting 22 or the other metal fitting 32, and its shaft is brought from the locking hole 26, 36 to the female screw 46.

[0066] In this figure, the cutout 73 of the lower plate 71 is triangular, but unlike the previous figures, it is formed on both sides of the lower plate 71, but is formed only on one side, and cutout 73 is not exposed on the opposite side. The back side of this cutout 73 becomes the remaining part 78. Similarly, a cutout 88 corresponding to the lower plate 71 is formed on the upper plate 81, and the back side of this becomes the remaining part 83. The remaining parts 78, 83 of each plate are fitted into the cutouts 88, 73 of the other plate in the same manner as before.

[0067] A storage groove 74 is formed on the end surface of the cutout 73 of the lower plate 71 in order to accommodate the one-side metal fitting 22. The storage groove 74 here has a circular cross section corresponding to the one-side metal fitting 22. A smaller diameter pilot hole 76 is formed on the back surface of the storage groove 74, into which the embedding tool 42 coated with adhesive is embedded. In addition, fixing holes 77 are formed in two places, one above and one below, on the side surface of the lower plate 71 in order to insert the fixing pin 57. Similarly, a storage groove 84 is formed on the end surface of the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81 in order to accommodate the one-side metal fitting 22, and a pilot hole 86 is formed on the back surface, as well as a fixing hole 87 formed so as to intersect with the storage groove 84.

[0068] The other metal fitting 32 must be aligned concentrically with the one metal fitting 22, so it is placed on both the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the lower end surface of the upper plate 81. In order to attach the other metal fitting 32, pilot holes 76, 86 are formed in the remaining parts 78, 83 of both plates, into which the embedding tool 42 with adhesive applied is embedded, and then the other metal fitting 32 is placed so as to cover the embedding tool 42, and finally the other metal fitting 32 is attached with the bolts 48. Therefore, after attachment, the other metal fitting 32 protrudes from the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the lower end surface of the upper plate 81.

[0069] Fig. 11 shows the state in which the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are attached to both the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 of Fig. 10. For the lower plate 71, the embedding tool 42 is embedded in the two pilot holes 76, and then the first metal fitting 22 is embedded in the storage groove 74, and the embedding tool 42 and the first metal fitting 22 are integrated with the bolt 48. Therefore, the first metal fitting 22 is exposed at the end surface of the cutout portion 73 of the lower plate 71. The second metal fitting 32 is attached to the upper end surface of the lower plate 71. For the corresponding upper plate 81, the first metal fitting 22 is attached to the storage groove 84, and the second metal fitting 32 is attached to the lower end surface. Naturally, both second metal fittings 32 are aligned concentrically with the mating first metal fitting 22.

[0070] 12 shows the state in which the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 of FIG. 11 are fitted together. The flow of integrating the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 is illustrated at the bottom of the figure. As shown in FIG. 11, after the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are attached, the remaining part 83 of the upper plate 81 is fitted into the missing part 73 of the lower plate 71, and the remaining part 78 of the lower plate 71 is fitted into the missing part 88 of the upper plate 81. Eventually, the second metal fitting 32 fits into the inside of the first metal fitting 22, and finally, as shown in this figure, the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the end surface of the missing part 88 of the upper plate 81 come into contact with each other. At this time, the pin holes 27 and 37 of the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are concentrically aligned, so that the fixing pin 57 is inserted into the fixing holes 77 and 87 toward the pin holes, completing the connection structure between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81. By inserting the fixing pin 57 in this manner, a vertical load can be transmitted between the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32, and the load on the contact surfaces between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 is reduced. [Explanation of symbols]

[0071] 11 Boards (those placed on the lower level) 12 Boards (those placed in the middle) 13 Plates (those placed on the upper level) 21 One-sided metal fittings (square) 22 One-sided fittings (cylindrical) 24 Storage unit 25 Side stand 26 Locking hole 27 Pin Hole 31 Other fittings (square) 32 Other fittings (cylindrical) 34 Protrusion 35 Nakadai 36 Locking hole 37 Pin Hole 41 Burying tool (lag screw) 42 Burying tool (deformed steel bar) 44 Convex stripe 45 Head 46 Female thread 48 Volts 49 Ribs 57 Fixing pin 71 Lower plate 73 Missing Part 74 Storage Groove 76 Pilot hole 77 Fixing hole 78 Remaining part 81 Upper board 83 Remaining part 84 Storage Groove 86 Pilot hole 87 Fixing hole 88 Missing part

Claims

1. A building in which upright boards (11 to 13) are arranged horizontally at intervals and the boards (11 to 13) are stacked vertically to form a framework, The boards (11 to 13) are made of wood and have a thickness sufficient as a structural material for constructing the framework of the building. Two of the plate materials (11 to 13) adjacent in the vertical direction are arranged so as to form an intersecting angle when viewed from directly above, the lower of the two plate materials (11 to 13) has a cut-out portion (73) extending downward from its upper end surface, and the upper of the two plate materials (11 to 13) has a cut-out portion (88) extending upward from its lower end surface. The lower and upper plate materials are combined at the points where the cut-out portions (73) and (88) are formed, thereby connecting the two plate materials (11 to 13), and the framework of the building is constructed by integrating a large number of the plate materials (11 to 13) through this combination. The individual plate materials (11 to 13) are of two types: those that are arranged along the exterior wall surface, and those that are arranged to extend into the room. Of these, those that are arranged to extend into the room have one or both of their side end faces located inside the room in front of the exterior wall surface, leaving a space between the side end face and the exterior wall surface. This is a building characterized in that

2. Of the two plate materials (11 to 13) adjacent in the vertical direction, the one disposed at the lower side is defined as a lower plate (71), and the one disposed at the upper side is defined as an upper plate (81); The missing portion (73) of the lower plate (71) is formed by cutting out an upper portion of the lower plate (71) from a side surface in a thickness direction while leaving a remaining portion (78), The recessed portion (88) of the upper plate (81) is formed by cutting out a lower portion of the upper plate (81) from a side surface in a thickness direction while leaving a remaining portion (83), A building as described in claim 1, characterized in that the lower plate (71) and the upper plate (81) are connected by fitting the remaining portion (83) of the upper plate (81) into the missing portion (73) of the lower plate (71) and fitting the remaining portion (78) of the lower plate (71) into the missing portion (88) of the upper plate (81).

3. In the contact surface between the lower plate (71) and the upper plate (81) adjacent in the vertical direction, where the lower plate (71) and the upper plate (81) overlap in the vertical direction, one metal fitting (21 or 22) is attached to one surface, and the other metal fitting (31 or 32) is attached to the remaining surface; A building as described in claim 2, characterized in that when the one metal fitting (21 or 22) and the other metal fitting (31 or 32) are in surface contact with each other, the one metal fitting (21 or 22) and the other metal fitting (31 or 32) are integrated to prevent the upper plate (81) from floating up.

Images