Microplastics collection device and method for use in rivers

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a microplastics accumulation device and method for rivers, the device including a filtering and collecting unit, a sample point positioning unit, and a sampling opening and closing unit, in which a stainless steel mesh-like steel ring, a plurality of sets of hopper-type microplastic filters, a sample collecting bottle, etc. are provided, and used for high-speed synchronous accumulation of multi-sized microplastic samples; the sample point positioning unit is composed of four positioning levers, and fixes the filtering and collecting unit by a hook provided on the towing rope, and is combined with a fixed pulley and a lifting control button to realize precise positioning of different horizontal positions and vertical depths of the cross section; the sampling opening and closing unit is used to control the time nodes of filtering and collecting microplastics in the water sample, and realizes the reliability and accuracy of the sampling data.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to and the benefit of Chinese patent application No. 202210880416.1 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China on July 25, 2022, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of water environment protection, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for collecting microplastics in rivers. [Background technology]

[0003] Microplastics generally refer to plastic fragments less than 5 mm in diameter, including fibers, fragments, films, etc. As a new pollutant, microplastics have attracted widespread attention in recent years. As the main source of drinking water and industrial and agricultural water for towns, the safety of their water quality threatens the efficient use of urban water resources. Rivers often become areas of concentration of pollutants around towns, and large amounts of microplastics accumulate through wastewater discharge from sewage treatment plants, household garbage, surface flow, and atmospheric wet and dry sedimentation. Microplastics harm the biological receptors and even the river ecological environment through the food chain. A device and method for collecting microplastics in rivers was developed, and the river microplastics collection method and Water Systematic and accurate calculation of the abundance of microplastics can provide technical support for assessing the ecological risks of river microplastics, and has important practical significance and future application prospects.

[0004] At present, there are some related reports on patents related to microplastic accumulation. Patent Document 1, "Combined river floating garbage removal and microplastic particle collection device", discloses a combined river floating garbage removal and microplastic particle collection device, including a large floating garbage collection blocking net and a number of microplastic cell collectors, where the collection blocking net is arranged in the upstream river channel of the microplastic cell collector, the microplastic unit collector adopts a hopper mesh design and is equipped with a one-way automatic reversing flap device that opens under the impact of the water flow; water This device uses a multi-stage filtration design to effectively remove microplastic particles in the water, but it only collects microplastic particles floating in the river, and cannot accurately collect microplastic particles at different horizontal positions and vertical depths in the cross section. water It is also not possible to quantitatively collect microplastics. water The "microplastic collection device" includes a filter box. water The patent discloses a plastic collection device, in which one end of the filter box is a water inlet and the other end is a water outlet, the upper part of the filter box is a filter plate, a conveyor belt is provided above and behind the filter box, the conveyor belt is driven by a power unit, and a blade is provided directly below the conveyor belt to scrape off microplastics attached to the conveyor belt, and the scraped off microplastics fall into a collection box directly below the blade. water To address the issue of the difficulty of collecting microplastics, we have designed a microplastic collection ship to collect them over a wide area. water It is easy to effectively collect microplastics, and the operation costs are relatively high. waterPatent Document 3, "Portable Water Microplastics Collection Apparatus and Method Therefor," discloses a portable water microplastics collection apparatus and method, the apparatus mainly includes a stainless steel ring, a nylon net, a screw-top fastener, a disposable collection bottle, etc., and a water flow velocity meter is provided at the center of the stainless steel filter net. This apparatus is quick to sample, convenient to carry, and can improve the collection efficiency of microplastics, but there is still room for improvement in terms of accurate collection at different horizontal positions and vertical depths of the entire cross section, and accurate control of the time nodes of filtration and collection during the collection process. Based on a search of the prior art, currently, for the sampling demand of the entire cross section (different horizontal positions, vertical depths) of a small river and accurate calculation of the filtered water sample volume during the sample collection process, the small river water No device or equipment suitable for synchronously collecting microplastics of multiple sizes over a full cross section has yet been reported. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] China Patent Application Publication No. 109162265 [Patent Document 2] China Patent Publication No. 113846613 [Patent Document 3] China Patent Application Publication No. 110470509 Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure provides water The present disclosure provides a multi-size microplastics synchronous collection device and method suitable for the above-mentioned, which has a simple structure, low operating costs, and is easy to operate, and the collected data is reliable and accurate, and meets the monitoring and sampling in the entire cross section (different horizontal positions, vertical depths). The present disclosure has very important practical significance and application value for accurately calculating the abundance of microplastics in the aquatic environment of small rivers and evaluating their ecological risks.

[0007] On the one hand, the present disclosure relates to a small river water A synchronous collection device for microplastics of various sizes in all cross sections suitable for the above-mentioned, comprising a filtering and collecting unit, a sample point positioning unit and a sampling opening and closing unit, the sampling point positioning unit having four positioning levers that can be raised and lowered, a fixed pulley is provided at the top of the positioning lever, and a tripod support frame for inserting a river mud layer is provided at the bottom end of the positioning lever; the sampling opening and closing unit is attached to the tip of the filtering and collecting unit, and is used for sampling into the filtering and collecting unit. water The filtering and collecting unit is used to collect microplastics in the sampling water that has been introduced through the sampling opening and closing means. Both ends of the filtering and collecting unit are connected to one end of a towing rope, and the other end of the towing rope is wound around a fixed pulley. The positioning lever is raised and lowered to control the ingress of microplastics in different water layers. water The towing rope is pulled to drive the movement of the filtering and collecting unit in the cross-sectional horizontal direction, and the microplastics are collected at different horizontal positions. water Small rivers where microplastics accumulate water This invention relates to a synchronous accumulation device for microplastics of multiple sizes across all cross sections that is suitable for the above.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positioning lever comprises an outer rod and an inner rod that slides and expands on the outer rod, a fixed pulley is provided on the upper end of the inner rod, one end of the towing rope is wound around the fixed pulley, and the other end of the towing rope is connected to the filtering and collecting unit via a hook, and a tripod support frame is provided on the lower end of the outer rod.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a lift control button is provided at the upper end of the inner rod, a plurality of locking points are provided at intervals on both sides of the inner rod, and a plurality of locking grooves corresponding to the plurality of locking points are provided on the outer rod, the inside of the lift control button is connected to the long rod, and a plurality of sets of expansion springs are fixed to both sides of the long rod, and the expansion springs are connected to the locking points. When the lift control button is pressed, the long rod moves downward to move the expansion spring vertically and realize the contraction of the locking points; a expansion spring is provided at the bottom of the long rod, and when the lift control button is not pressed, the elastic force of the expansion spring at the lower end of the long rod realizes the return of the locking points, and finally it is connected to the locking groove at the lower end of the positioning lever to adjust the height.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the filtering and collecting unit body is two semi-cylindrical hollow cases, which are connected by a plug, and the semi-cylindrical hollow cases are provided with a fixing ring that is connected to the hook at the outer end of the towing rope; the front end of the filtering and collecting unit is connected to the sampling opening and closing part through a first flange, which realizes opening and closing during the sampling process, and the rear end is connected to a second flange, and multiple filtering and collecting units can be connected in series with each other through the first flange and the second flange.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least three sets of semicircular slots are arranged at a predetermined distance on the inner walls of two semicircular cylindrical hollow cases, and two opposing semicircular slots are docked to form a perfect circular slot. A stainless steel mesh-like steel ring is vertically arranged in the first set of semicircular slots, and a hopper-type microplastic filter with a different number of meshes is arranged in the other set of semicircular slots. A sample collection bottle is provided at the rear end outlet of the hopper-type microplastic filter, and the stainless steel mesh-like steel ring at the front end is water Used to block large plastics and floating objects.

[0012] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the outside of the hopper-type micro-plastic filter is a closed circular metal frame, the material of which is 304 stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the rear end of the hopper-type micro-plastic filter has an opening and is designed with a binding seal, the material of the hopper-type micro-plastic filter is silk sieve, and the specifications can be adjusted from 5 mesh to 3000 mesh; the sample collection bottle is made of tempered glass, and is connected to the rear end of the hopper-type micro-plastic filter through a hoop, used for collecting micro-plastic samples.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the front end of the sampling opening / closing unit is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the middle is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the rear end is a cylindrical structure, the rectangular parallelepiped structure, the hollow cylindrical structure and the cylindrical structure are connected in sequence, a remote-controlled opening / closing unit is provided on the rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the cylindrical structure is connected to the filtration and collection unit via a flange.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the upper end of the hollow cylindrical structure is an open-hole structure, and the electronic flow sensor is connected to the sampling opening and closing unit. water To measure the flow rate, the hole is passed through the open hole structure and penetrates deep into the upper interior of the hollow cylindrical structure.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the opening / closing unit includes two semicircular doors and a groove provided at the opening, the semicircular doors can move back and forth along the groove, and the semicircular doors are connected to an expansion spring. When sampling is not performed, the semicircular doors are closed by the pressing force of the spring; water The outer end of the semicircular door is equipped with an electromagnet and a power supply module connected to the electromagnet. The power supply module is wirelessly connected to a controller on the shore via a wireless communication module. The semicircular door is made of a metal material that is attracted to magnets. When sampling is required, the power supply module supplies power to the electromagnet when remotely activated, and the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet separates the two semicircular doors that are in a sealed state. water flows through it into the hollow cylindrical structure.

[0016] On the other hand, the present disclosure relates to a method for synchronously collecting microplastics of multiple sizes over an entire cross section, suitable for small rivers, using the device, Select a small river cross section to be measured; Open the filtering and collecting unit, sequentially arrange the stainless steel filter net and the hopper-type microplastic filters with different mesh sizes in the semicircular slot, connect the sample collecting bottle to the rear end outlet of the hopper-type microplastic filter, close the filtering and collecting unit and fix it with the rear end flange to ensure the sealing of the cylindrical hollow structure; the stainless steel filter net filters out large plastics and suspended matter from the water sample to be measured, and when it passes through the hopper-type microplastic filters with different mesh sizes, it filters the water sample therein, and the microplastics of different sizes enter the collecting bottle under the action of the water flow; The four positioning levers of the sample point positioning unit are connected to the fixed rings of the filtration and collection unit through the hooks of the towing rope, and adjust the direction according to the water flow to position all the sampling devices at the water body sampling points; All sampling devices are equipped with a pulley with a positioning lever and a lift control button to allow sampling at different horizontal positions and in different water layers. water To achieve the collection of microplastic samples and the full cross-sectional collection and accumulation of microplastics; The worker remotely activates the power supply module near the shore, and after the electromagnet is energized, the semicircular door is opened through magnetic attraction to start sampling, and the electronic flow sensor detects the amount of microplastics being collected. water Measure the flow rate; When sampling is finished, the power supply module is remotely closed, the semicircular opening door is closed, and filtration is stopped; After calculating the volume of the filtered water sample based on the flow rate and time, the steps include opening the hoop, removing the collection bottle, replacing it with a new collection bottle, and synchronously collecting the next cross-sectional multi-sized microplastic sample.

[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a microplastics collection device for use in a river, the device comprising: water At least one filtration and collection unit configured to collect microplastics therein; height a sampling point positioning unit including an even number of adjustable positioning levers, each of which is connected to the at least one filtering and collecting unit via a towing rope, one end of which is connected to the at least one filtering and collecting unit and the other end of which is wound around a corresponding fixed pulley; and a sampling opening / closing unit connected to the at least one filtering and collecting unit and configured to control opening and closing during sampling. height By adjusting the towing rope, the vertical position of the at least one filtering and collecting unit in the river cross section can be adjusted, and by pulling the towing rope, the horizontal position of the at least one filtering and collecting unit in the river cross section can be adjusted.

[0018] The present disclosure provides a microplastics collection device suitable for rivers, which realizes precise positioning at different horizontal positions and vertical depths of the cross section of the filtering and collecting unit through the cooperative optimization combination of the filtering and collecting unit, the sample point positioning unit and the sampling opening and closing unit, and ensures the reliability and accuracy of the sampling data. The present disclosure has the characteristics of low operating cost, convenient operation and high test accuracy, and is suitable for the application to rivers. Water It can more realistically reflect the abundance of microplastics, providing a new concept for the current monitoring and sampling strategies of microplastics in river water environments. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a full-cross-section, multi-sized synchronous accumulation device for microplastics suitable for small river water according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] This is an overall structural diagram of four positioning levers in a sample point positioning unit of a synchronous accumulation device for microplastics of multiple sizes and across all cross sections suitable for small river water according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] This is an overall schematic diagram of the filtration and collection unit in a synchronous accumulation device for microplastics of multiple sizes across the entire cross section suitable for small river water according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] This is an overall structural diagram of a sampling opening / closing unit in a synchronous accumulation device for microplastics of multiple sizes across the entire cross section suitable for small river water according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the inner rod of the positioning lever in the sample point positioning unit of a synchronous accumulation device for microplastics of multiple sizes across the entire cross section, suitable for small river water, in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the drawings in which examples of the present disclosure are shown. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these examples are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0021] The same components are represented by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, it should be noted that the drawings may be exaggerated in thickness, proportion and size of components for ease and clarity of explanation.

[0022] The terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, but it should be understood that these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, the first element described below can be named as the second element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Similarly, the second element can be named as the first element. In the present disclosure, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context of the text.

[0023] Referring to FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present disclosure is a small river filtration system including a filtering and collecting unit, a sample point positioning unit and a sampling opening and closing unit. Water To provide a synchronous accumulation device for microplastics of multiple sizes with suitable overall cross-section.

[0024] The filtering and collecting unit body includes two semi-cylindrical hollow cases; the sampling point positioning unit is connected to the filtering and collecting unit by a towing rope 1, and the sampling point positioning unit is equipped with four positioning levers, and a tripod support frame 2 is provided at the lower end of the positioning lever to insert the river mud layer, so as to stabilize the filtering and collecting unit and ensure excellent wind wave resistance; the sampling opening and closing unit is provided at the front end of the filtering and collecting unit, and is used to control the time node of filtering and collecting microplastics, so as to ensure the accuracy of the collected water samples, avoid the loss of microplastic samples during the movement of the filtering and collecting unit, and realize the reliability and accuracy of the sampling data.

[0025] 2 and 5, the sample point positioning unit includes four positioning levers. However, the number of positioning levers is not limited thereto, for example, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the sample point positioning unit includes an even number of positioning levers. The positioning levers are made of stainless steel, and each positioning lever includes an outer rod and an inner rod that slides and expands on the outer rod, and the upper end of the inner rod is provided with a lift control button 3 and a fixed pulley 4, one end of the towing rope 1 is wound around the fixed pulley 4, and the other end of the towing rope 1 is connected to a hook, and a plurality of locking points 6 are provided at intervals on both sides of the inner rod, and a plurality of locking grooves 7 corresponding to the plurality of locking points 6 are provided on the outer rod, and a tripod support frame 2 is provided on the lower end of the outer rod. The upper end of the positioning lever is marked with a scale to mark the water depth, and the lower end of the positioning lever is provided with a tripod support frame 2 for inserting a river mud layer. The inside of the lifting control button 3 at the upper end of the inner rod is connected to the long rod 24, and a number of first expansion springs 25 are fixed on both sides of the long rod 24. The first expansion springs 25 are connected to the locking point 6. When the lifting control button 3 is pressed, the long rod 24 moves downward to move the first expansion spring 25 vertically and realize the contraction of the locking point 6. A second expansion spring 26 is also provided at the bottom of the long rod 24. When the lifting control button 3 is not pressed, the elastic force of the second expansion spring 26 at the lower end of the long rod 24 realizes the return of the locking point 6, and finally it is connected to the locking groove 7 at the lower end of the positioning lever to adjust the height. The towing rope 1 is wound around a fixed pulley 4, and a hook 5 is provided at the outer end of the towing rope, which is used to fix the filtering and collecting unit. The fixed pulley 4 is pulled to move the filtering and collecting unit in the horizontal direction of the cross section, and the lifting control button 3 is used to collect samples at different depths of the cross section, so that the entire cross section (different horizontal positions, different water layers) can be collected. water Achieve the accumulation of microplastics.

[0026] In addition, the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the above description, and the structure of the sample point positioning unit can be modified and replaced in various ways without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as long as the structure can adjust the vertical position and horizontal position of the filtering and collecting unit in the river cross section.Referring to (a) and (b) of FIG. 3, the filtering and collecting unit includes two cylindrical hollow cases with a certain thickness, two semi-cylindrical hollow cases are connected by plugs 8, and the filtering and collecting unit can be opened or closed according to the test demand, and four fixing rings 9 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the front end and the left and right sides of the rear end of the filtering and collecting unit, and are used to connect to the hook 5 on the towing rope 1; the front end of the filtering and collecting unit is connected to the sampling opening and closing unit by a flange 10 to realize opening and closing during sampling, and the rear end is also connected to a flange 10, and the front and rear sets of flanges 10 fix the front and rear ends of the filtering and collecting unit to ensure the sealing of the semi-cylindrical hollow case during sampling. The screw 11 on the flange 10 allows multiple filtering and collecting units to be connected in series according to the working demand, and improves the efficiency of sampling. In the embodiment according to the present disclosure, the length of the filtering and collecting unit is 1200 mm, the inner diameter is 200 mm, and the outer diameter is 210 mm. The size of the filtering and collecting unit according to the embodiment according to the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and can be provided according to the actual needs.

[0027] 3(b), the internal structure of the filtering and collecting unit is a set of semicircular slots 12 arranged at a predetermined distance (in this embodiment according to the present disclosure, the set of semicircular slots 12 includes three sets of semicircular slots 12), and when the two semicircular cylindrical hollow cases are closed, the two opposing semicircular slots 12 dock to form a true circular slot. The pitches of the three sets of semicircular slots 12 are 100 mm and 500 mm, respectively, but the pitches between the sets of semicircular slots 12 are not limited thereto and can be set according to actual needs. The two semi-cylindrical hollow cases are connected by a plug 8. When opened, a set of stainless steel mesh steel rings 13 and two sets of hopper-type microplastic filters 14 with different mesh numbers are vertically arranged in the three sets of semicircular slots 12 from one end close to the sampling opening / closing unit to one end away from the sampling opening / closing unit, which are used for rapid synchronous collection and accumulation of microplastic samples, and a sample collection bottle 15 is provided at the outlet end of the hopper-type microplastic filter 14.

[0028] The outside of the hopper-type microplastic filter 14 is a closed circular metal frame, made of 304 stainless steel or aluminum alloy. The rear end of the hopper-type microplastic filter 14 has an opening and is designed with a binding seal. The material of the hopper-type microplastic filter 14 is silk sieve, with a mesh size ranging from 5 mesh to 3000 mesh, and the mesh size can be adjusted. The sample collection bottle 15 is made of stainless steel glass and is connected to the rear end of the hopper-type microplastic filter 14 through a hoop 16, which is used to collect the filtered microplastic samples. The front end of the stainless steel mesh-like steel ring 13 is water It is used to block impurities such as large plastics and floating objects.

[0029] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described contents, and modifications and substitutions can be made to the structure of the filtration and collection units without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as long as the synchronous collection and accumulation of multi-sized microplastics can be achieved.

[0030] Referring to FIG. 4, the front end of the sampling opening / closing unit is a rectangular parallelepiped structure (e.g., length 500 mm x width 50 mm x height 220 mm), the middle is a hollow columnar structure, and the rear end is a cylindrical structure (e.g., inner diameter 200 mm, outer diameter 210 mm). The sizes of each part of the sampling opening / closing unit according to the embodiment of the present disclosure are not limited to these and can be selected according to actual needs. The cylindrical structure is connected to the filtering and collecting unit via a flange 10. An opening structure 17 is provided on the side of the hollow columnar structure, and an electronic flow sensor 18 passes through the opening structure 17 and enters deep into the hollow columnar structure to detect the flow of water flowing into the sampling opening / closing unit. water The electronic flow sensor 18 can be of piston type, spindle type, turbine type, rotor type, etc., and the main body structure of the sampling opening and closing unit is made of aluminum alloy material.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 4, two semicircular doors 19 with a thickness of 5 mm are provided inside the sampling opening / closing unit. The thickness of the semicircular doors 19 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to these values ​​and can be selected according to actual needs. The semicircular doors can move back and forth along a groove 23 in a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the semicircular doors 19 are connected to an expansion spring 20. When sampling is not performed, the semicircular doors 19 are closed by the pressing force of the spring 20. water no water will flow in; an electromagnet 21 and a power supply module 22 are installed inside both ends of the rectangular structure, and when sampling is required, the power supply module 22 can be remotely activated near the shore by a 4G or 5G signal from a mobile phone; the electromagnet 21 has an arc-shaped structure and has strong magnetism when energized, and opens the semicircular opening and closing door 19 through magnetic attraction to start sampling; the semicircular opening and closing door 19 is made of a metal material such as iron, cobalt, or nickel that can be attracted by a magnet.

[0032] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described contents, and modifications and substitutions can be made to the structure of the sampling opening / closing unit without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as long as the start and stop during sampling can be remotely controlled.

[0033] The embodiment of the present disclosure is a small river Water There is further provided a method for synchronously collecting multi-sized microplastics at a suitable full cross-section, the method being carried out using the device, the method comprising the steps of: Select a small river cross section to be measured; Open the filtering and collecting unit, sequentially arrange the stainless steel filtering screen (or stainless steel mesh-like steel ring) 13 and the hopper-type microplastic filter 14 with different meshes in the semicircular slot 12, connect the sample collecting bottle 15 to the rear end outlet of the hopper-type microplastic filter 14, close the filtering and collecting unit and fix it with the rear end flange 10 to ensure the sealing of the cylindrical hollow structure; the five-mesh stainless steel filtering screen 13 filters out impurities such as large plastics and suspended matter from the water sample to be measured, and filters the water sample therein when it passes through the hopper-type microplastic filter 14 with different meshes, and microplastics of different sizes enter the collecting bottle 15 under the action of water flow; The four positioning levers of the sample point positioning unit are connected to the fixing rings 9 of the filtering and collecting unit via the hooks 5 of the towing rope 1, and adjust the direction according to the water flow to position all the sampling devices at the water body sampling points; All sampling devices use the pulley 4 on the positioning lever and the lift control button 3 to realize the collection of microplastic samples at different positions of the sampling cross section (left bank, middle of the river, right bank, etc.) and different water layers (surface, middle, bottom), thereby realizing the collection and accumulation of microplastics in the entire cross section; The worker remotely activates the system near the shore by using a 4G or 5G signal from a mobile phone, and when the electromagnet 21 is energized, it has a strong magnetic field, and opens the semicircular opening and closing door 19 through magnetic attraction to start sampling. The electronic flow sensor 18 detects the amount of microplastics being collected. water Measure the flow rate; When the sampling is finished, the semicircular opening and closing door 19 is closed, and the filtration stops, so that the time node of the filtration can be precisely controlled, and the loss of the sample in the filter and the ingress of the water sample during the storage and installation of the equipment can be avoided, and the reliability and accuracy of the data can be ensured; After calculating the volume of the filtered water sample based on the flow rate and time, the hoop 16 is opened, the collection bottle 15 is removed, and replaced with a new collection bottle 15, and the next cross-sectional sample is collected.

[0034] Microplastics Analysis The flow rate analysis uses a real-time counting electronic flow sensor measurement device, which can record the flow rate of the water stream during microplastic collection in real time, and the electronic flow sensor is measured after the microplastic collection is completed. water The average flow rate during the measurement time is calculated, and the volume of water passing through the filter is calculated by the formula: "Volume of water passing through the filter = flow rate x time". water Calculate the microplastic content in the container.

[0035] The accumulation method provided by this embodiment is a small river Water It can realize synchronous and rapid accumulation of multi-sized microplastics in the entire cross section (different horizontal positions, vertical depths), and can efficiently meet the sampling demands in different situations and can be used in small rivers and streams. Water To provide technical support for systematically assessing the abundance of microplastics.

[0036] The above contents are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present disclosure, which should all be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection set forth in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0037] 1-towing rope;2-tripod support frame;3-lifting control button;4-fixed pulley;5-hook;6-locking point;7-locking groove;8-plug;9-fixing ring;10-flange;11-screw;12-semicircular slot;13-stainless steel mesh-like steel ring;14-hopper type microplastic filter;15-sample collection bottle;16-hoop;17-opening structure;18-electronic flow sensor;19-semicircular opening and closing door;20 return spring;21-electromagnet;22-power supply module;23-channel;24-long rod,25-first return spring,26-second return spring

Claims

1. A microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers, comprising: At least one filtration and collection unit configured to collect microplastics in the sampled water of the river; a sample point positioning unit including an even number of positioning levers whose heights are adjustable, each of which is provided with a fixed pulley at its upper portion, and each of which is connected to the at least one filtering and collecting unit through a traction rope, one end of which is connected to the at least one filtering and collecting unit, and the other end of which is wound around a corresponding fixed pulley; a sampling opening / closing unit connected to the at least one filtration and collection unit and configured to control opening and closing during sampling; A microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers, characterized in that the vertical position of the at least one filtration and collection unit in the cross section of the river is adjusted by adjusting the height of the even number of positioning levers, and the horizontal position of the at least one filtration and collection unit in the cross section of the river is adjusted by pulling the towing rope.

2. A microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 1, characterized in that each positioning lever in the even number of positioning levers comprises an outer rod and an inner rod that can slide and expand / contract relative to the outer rod, the fixed pulley is provided on the side of the upper part of the inner rod, and a support frame that is inserted into a river mud layer is provided at the lower end of the outer rod.

3. A height control button is provided at the upper end of the inner rod, and a plurality of locking points are provided at intervals on each of the opposing side surfaces of the inner rod, and a plurality of locking grooves are provided on the outer rod corresponding to the plurality of locking points, and the height control button is connected to a long rod inside the inner rod, and the long rod is connected to each of the locking points by a plurality of first return springs, A microplastics accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 2, characterized in that when the height control button is pressed, the long rod moves downward, moving the multiple first expansion springs vertically and contracting the multiple engagement points, and when the height control button is not pressed, the elastic force of the second expansion spring provided at the bottom of the long rod returns the engagement points, and finally combines with the multiple engagement grooves of the outer rod to adjust the height.

4. The body of each filtering and collecting unit in the at least one filtering and collecting unit includes two semi-cylindrical hollow cases, and the two semi-cylindrical hollow cases are connected by a plug; A microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a first flange is provided at the tip of each filtration and collection unit in the at least one filtration and collection unit, a second flange is provided at the rear end of each filtration and collection unit in the at least one filtration and collection unit, and the at least one filtration and collection unit is connected to the sampling opening / closing unit by the first flange.

5. The microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 4, characterized in that the at least one filtration and collection unit includes a plurality of filtration and collection units, the plurality of filtration and collection units being connected in series to each other by a first flange and a second flange.

6. The microplastics accumulation device for rivers described in claim 4, characterized in that the semi-cylindrical hollow case of the at least one filtration and collection unit is provided with an even number of fixing rings, and one end of the towing rope is provided with a hook to connect to the corresponding fixing ring.

7. the at least one filtering and collecting unit comprises one filtering and collecting unit; The microplastics accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 4, characterized in that the even number of positioning levers includes four positioning levers.

8. The microplastic accumulation device for rivers described in claim 6, characterized in that the two semi-cylindrical hollow cases of the one filtration and collection unit are provided with four fixing rings, and a hook is provided at one end of the towing rope to connect to the corresponding fixing ring.

9. A microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that at least three sets of semicircular slots are arranged at a predetermined distance on the inner walls of the two semicylindrical hollow cases of the filtration and collection units directly connected to the sampling opening / closing unit in at least one filtration and collection unit, two opposing semicircular slots are docked to form a true circular slot, and at least three filters with different numbers of meshes are sequentially installed in the at least three sets of semicircular slots.

10. The at least three filters include: A stainless steel mesh-like steel ring is provided in a pair of semicircular slots close to the sampling opening and closing unit and is used to block large plastics and floating objects in the water; The microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 9, characterized in that it includes at least two hopper-type microplastic filters arranged in sequence in another set of semicircular slots away from the sampling opening and closing unit, each with a sample collection bottle at its outlet end.

11. The microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 10, characterized in that a closed circular metal frame is provided on the outside of each of the at least two hopper-type microplastic filters, and each of the at least two hopper-type microplastic filters is made of a silk sieve and has a mesh number in the range of 5 mesh to 3000 mesh.

12. The microplastics collection device for rivers described in claim 11, characterized in that the sample collection bottle is made of reinforced glass, connected to the outlet end of the corresponding hopper-type microplastic filter via a hoop, and used for collecting microplastic samples.

13. The sampling opening / closing unit has a rectangular parallelepiped structure in which a remotely controlled opening / closing unit is provided; a cylindrical structure connected to the at least one filtration and collection unit by a flange; A microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it includes a hollow cylindrical structure provided between the rectangular parallelepiped structure and the cylindrical structure and connected to the rectangular parallelepiped structure and the cylindrical structure.

14. The microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 13, characterized in that an opening structure is provided on the side of the hollow cylindrical structure, and an electronic flow sensor penetrates deep into the hollow cylindrical structure through the opening structure to measure the flow rate of water flowing into the sampling opening / closing unit.

15. The opening and closing unit includes two semicircular opening and closing doors, a third return spring, an electromagnet and a power supply module; The two semicircular doors are provided at the opening of the opening / closing unit and connected to corresponding third return springs, and when sampling is stopped, the two semicircular doors are closed by the pushing force of the third return spring to be in a closed state, thereby blocking water from flowing into the hollow column structure; The microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 13 or 14, characterized in that an electromagnet and a power supply module connected to the electromagnet are provided at the outer ends of the two semicircular opening and closing doors, and the power supply module is wirelessly connected to a controller near the shore via a wireless communication module, and when sampling is required, the power supply module is remotely activated to supply power to the electromagnet, and the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet pulls apart the two semicircular opening and closing doors, which are in a sealed state, and water flows into the hollow cylindrical structure.

16. The microplastics accumulation device for use in rivers as described in claim 15, characterized in that the two semicircular opening and closing doors are made of ferromagnetic metal material.

17. A method for accumulating microplastics suitable for rivers, which is carried out using the microplastic accumulation device for use in rivers according to claim 1, The method for accumulating microplastics comprises: Select the river section to be measured; The at least one filtering and collecting unit is opened, and a stainless steel filter net and at least two hopper-type microplastic filters with different mesh sizes are arranged in sequence in at least three sets of semicircular slots, and a sample collection bottle is connected to the outlet end of each of the at least two hopper-type microplastic filters, and the at least one filtering and collecting unit is closed and fixed with a rear end flange to ensure the sealing of the cylindrical hollow structure; the stainless steel filter net filters out large plastics and suspended matter from the water sample to be measured, and filters the water sample therein when passing through the at least two hopper-type microplastic filters, and microplastics of different sizes enter different collection bottles under the action of water flow; Each positioning lever of the even number of positioning levers of the sample point positioning unit is connected to a fixed ring of the at least one filtering and collecting unit through a hook provided at one end of the towing rope, and adjusts its direction according to the water flow to position the microplastics accumulation device at the water body sampling point; adjusting the height of the even number of positioning levers to adjust a vertical position of the at least one filtering and collecting unit in the cross section of the river, and adjusting a horizontal position of the at least one filtering and collecting unit in the cross section of the river by pulling the towing rope; An operator remotely controls the sampling opening / closing unit near the shore to start the power supply module, and after the electromagnet is energized, the two semicircular opening / closing doors are opened through magnetic attraction to start sampling, and the water flow rate during microplastic collection is measured by an electronic flow sensor installed in the sampling opening / closing unit; When sampling is completed, the power supply module is remotely closed and the two semicircular opening doors are closed to stop sampling; A method for accumulating microplastics suitable for rivers, comprising the steps of calculating the volume of a filtered water sample based on flow rate and time, removing the collection bottle, replacing it with a new collection bottle, and synchronously accumulating a multi-sized microplastic sample of the next cross section.

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