Cross members and architectural structures

Abstract

To provide a horizontal member having sufficient strength while reducing the amount of material used, and a building structure constructed by combining the horizontal members.SOLUTION: A horizontal member 1 used in a building 100 includes: multiple reinforcing members 10 formed in a straight line in a front view, arranged parallel to each other, and constituted of a pair of plate-shaped members 10a and 10b; and multiple connecting members 20 arranged in parallel in a direction orthogonal to the multiple reinforcing members 10 and connecting the multiple reinforcing members 10. The multiple connecting members 20 are arranged in a state of being sandwiched between the pair of plate-like members 10a and 10b. The multiple reinforcing members 10 and the multiple connecting members 20 are made of wood, and multiple through holes 40 are formed by the multiple reinforcing members 10 and the multiple connecting members 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a cross member and an architectural structure, and more particularly to a cross member used in a building and an architectural structure formed by combining a plurality of such cross members. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, various methods have been used to improve the rigidity of structures used in buildings. One method for improving rigidity is a frame structure that combines vertical boards (vertical members) and horizontal boards (horizontal members) to increase the vertical and horizontal synthesis.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a roof structure that includes multiple arch-shaped chord members arranged in parallel, and multiple diagonal members arranged in a lattice pattern diagonally relative to the chord members in a plan view, with the intersections of the lattice joined to the chord members. The chord members are composed of an arch-shaped upper chord member and an arch-shaped lower chord member arranged at intervals above and below, and the diagonal members are sandwiched and joined between the upper chord member and the lower chord member. Furthermore, the upper chord member and the lower chord member are joined by inserting a through-hole into the through-hole. This results in a structure in which the upper chord member and the lower chord member are combined, further improving rigidity.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses a perimeter frame, which is a framework structure formed by assembling multiple steel columns and multiple steel beams. The perimeter frame is arranged along the portion that corresponds to the perimeter of the building, and the building is completed by covering the upper part of the perimeter frame with a roofing material and installing exterior wall materials and window frames on the sides. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-197462 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2012-246628 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Incidentally, the structures of the buildings described in the above Patent Documents 1 and 2 are structures adopted to improve the strength of the building. When the strength of the building is insufficient, for example, the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam depth can be increased, or the material of the structure itself can be changed to a stronger one, thereby improving the strength. However, when the beam depth is increased in order to improve the strength, the volume of the beam itself must be increased, which is inconvenient. In addition, when changing a material with sufficient strength to a material with a weak strength, even if there is no problem in terms of strength, there are limited options when considering costs and productivity. Furthermore, although it is possible to use a member such as an I-joist, there is an inconvenience that piping cannot be passed through it even for indoor use because there is no opening formed in the web part.

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cross member that can ensure sufficient strength while avoiding an increase in the volume of material, and an architectural structure constructed by combining such cross members. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present invention relates to Floor or ceiling An architectural structure formed into a quadrangular shape by combining horizontal members used on a horizontal surface, the horizontal members being arranged inside the quadrangular portion in a state parallel to one of the sides, the horizontal members being formed in a straight line in a front view, the horizontal members being arranged parallel to each other, and the architectural structure is provided with a plurality of reinforcing members constituted by a pair of flat plate-like members, and a plurality of flat connecting members arranged in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the plurality of reinforcing members and connecting the plurality of reinforcing members to each other, the plurality of connecting members being: A flat member that is long in the horizontal direction, Each of the plates is sandwiched between the pair of plate-like members. The four corners are fixed by fixed members to form a Vierendeel beam structure. The plurality of reinforcing members and the plurality of connecting members are formed of wood, and the plurality of reinforcing members and the plurality of connecting members form a plurality of through holes in the cross member, which makes it easy to change the beam depth while avoiding an increase in the volume of the material, The Vierendeel beam structure provides the cross members with bending rigidity and resistance to deflection, Furthermore, by standardizing the beam depths of the multiple cross members, it is possible to easily finish the ceiling on the horizontal surfaces of each floor without installing hangers or rafters.

[0009] In the cross member according to the present invention, each of the plurality of reinforcing members may be formed of a laminated veneer material.

[0010] In the cross member according to the present invention, the values ​​of the Young's modulus of flexure of the plurality of reinforcing members may be within the range stipulated for 60E of the Young's modulus of flexure classification of the JAS standard. Effect of the Invention

[0013] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cross member that can ensure sufficient strength while avoiding an increase in the volume of material, and an architectural structure constructed by combining such cross members. Furthermore, even if a material with low strength is used, it is possible to ensure sufficient strength for the cross member. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a cross member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] Figure 2(a) is a schematic front view of a cross member according to the embodiment, Figure 2(b) is a schematic top view of the cross member according to the embodiment, and Figure 2(c) is a schematic side view of the cross member according to the embodiment. [Diagram 3] Figure 3(a) is a schematic front view of a cross member according to a first modified example, Figure 3(b) is a schematic front view of a cross member according to a second modified example, and Figure 3(c) is a schematic front view of a cross member according to a third modified example. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an architectural structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6]FIG. 6(a) is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of construction when a conventional beam is used, and FIG. 6(b) is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of construction when a cross member according to an embodiment of the present invention is used. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present embodiment described below does not unduly limit the content of the present invention described in the claims, and all of the configurations described in the present embodiment are not necessarily essential as a means for solving the problem of the present invention.

[0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a horizontal member 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2(a) is a schematic front view of the horizontal member 1, FIG. 2(b) is a schematic top view of the horizontal member 1, and FIG. 2(c) is a schematic side view of the horizontal member 1. The horizontal member 1 is used as a beam (or a joist) in a building, for example, and includes plate-like reinforcing members 11-14 formed in a long shape and connecting members 21-25. In the following, for convenience of explanation, the direction in which the reinforcing member 10 extends is defined as the X direction, the plate thickness direction of the reinforcing member 10 is defined as the Y direction, and the direction perpendicular to both the X direction and the Y direction is defined as the Z direction. In the following explanation, when the reinforcing members 11-14 are not distinguished from each other, they are simply described as the reinforcing members 10, and when the connecting members 21-25 are not distinguished from each other, they are simply described as the connecting members 20.

[0017] As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, each of the reinforcing members 11, 12, 13, and 14 is a long plate-like member that is formed in a straight line in a front view and extends in the X direction. The reinforcing members 11 and 12 are disposed on the upper side of the cross member 1, and the reinforcing members 13 and 14 are disposed on the lower side of the cross member 1. The reinforcing members 11, 12, 13, and 14 may have the same length or different lengths. The reinforcing members 11 and 12 disposed on the upper side and the reinforcing members 13 and 14 disposed on the lower side are disposed parallel to each other while being spaced apart vertically via a connecting member 20. The interval between the reinforcing members 10 (the distance between them in the Z direction) is not particularly limited.

[0018] Each reinforcing member 10 is composed of a pair of plate-shaped members 10a and 10b. For example, as shown in FIG. 2(b), reinforcing member 11 is composed of plate-shaped members 11a and 11b, and reinforcing member 12 is composed of plate-shaped members 12a and 12b. Plate-shaped members 10a and 10b are formed in the same shape and are arranged opposite each other with connecting member 20 in between. Note that reinforcing member 10 may be any structure in which plate-shaped members 10a and 10b of different lengths are arranged alternately in the front-back or up-down direction. Furthermore, plate-shaped members 10a and 10b may be formed from the same wood.

[0019] As shown in FIG. 2(a), by changing the height (length in the Z direction) of the connecting member 20, the beam depth h (dimension in the Z direction) of the cross member 1 can be changed. The overall length of the reinforcement member 10 is determined according to the location where it is placed. The length of the upper reinforcement member 10 (reinforcements 11, 12) is made longer than the length of the lower reinforcement member 10 (reinforcements 13, 14). As a result, spaces are formed on the lower side of both sides of the cross member 1. In this space, beams, columns, and other members that support the cross member 1 from below are placed.

[0020] Each of the plate-like members 10a, 10b constituting the reinforcing material 10 is made of wood, for example, LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber), but is not limited thereto and may be made of lumber or other wood or steel. LVL has a layered structure in which multiple veneers are laminated, and is obtained, for example, by thermocompression bonding the veneers together. By laminating multiple veneers, the strength of the reinforcing material 10 can be improved and the occurrence of warping or bending in the longitudinal direction can be suppressed.

[0021] The material of the plate-like members 10a, 10b (reinforcement material 10) is not particularly limited, but the reinforcing material 10 may be a relatively soft wood such as cedar. However, the material is not limited to wood such as cedar, and any wood may be used as long as the Young's modulus of bending value is within the range specified by the 60E Young's modulus of bending classification of the JAS standard.

[0022] The connecting member 20 is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. Long in the horizontal direction (X direction) It is a plate-shaped member. The connecting member 20 is arranged so as to be sandwiched between the upper and lower reinforcing members 10 (between the upper chord member and the lower chord member), and connects the multiple reinforcing members 10 together. Specifically, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the connecting member 20 is composed of a first connecting member 21, a second connecting member 22, a third connecting member 23, a fourth connecting member 24, and a fifth connecting member 25, and the first connecting member 21, the second connecting member 22, the third connecting member 23, the fourth connecting member 24, and the fifth connecting member 25 are arranged at equal intervals along the X direction in this order in a state of being sandwiched between the reinforcing members 11 and 12 and the reinforcing members 13 and 14, and connects the reinforcing members 10 together. Note that the intervals between the connecting members 20 are not limited to equal intervals. Also, the number of connecting members 20 is not limited to five and is not particularly limited.

[0023] 2, each connecting member 20 is sandwiched between a pair of plate-like members 10a, 10b in the Y direction and arranged at a fixed interval in the X direction. Although each connecting member 20 is formed to have the same size, the dimensions of some connecting members 20 may be different. For example, only the first connecting member 21 and the fifth connecting member 25 located on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the cross member 1 may be formed to be narrower in width than the second connecting member 22, the third connecting member 23, and the fourth connecting member 24.

[0024] The thickness of the connecting member 20 need only be approximately the same as that of the plate-like members 10a, 10b, and may be changed as appropriate depending on the strength required of the cross member 1. The height (dimension in the Z direction) of the connecting member 20 is, for example, approximately 20 to 40 centimeters, but can be changed as appropriate taking into consideration the location where the cross member 1 is placed. The beam depth h of the cross member 1 is also changed as the height of the connecting member 20 changes. The connecting member 20 is made of wood, and may be made of the same material as the reinforcing member 10, or may be made of a different material.

[0025] Fixing members 30 for fixing the reinforcing material 10 to the connecting member 20 are disposed at the four corners of the connecting member 20. Specifically, fixing members 30 such as screws are inserted and fixed at positions in the vicinity of the four corners of the connecting member 20, penetrating the connecting member 20 from the plate-like member 10a side until they reach the plate-like member 10b. Note that the fixing members 30 may also be inserted and fixed by penetrating the connecting member 20 from the plate-like member 10b side until they reach the plate-like member 10a.

[0026] In this way, the strength of the cross member 1 can be increased by fixing the reinforcing material 10 to the four corners of the connecting member 20. The locations where the fixing members 30 are arranged are not limited to the four corners of the connecting member 20, and may be any locations as long as the reinforcing material 10 can be fixed to the connecting member 20. Furthermore, the fixing members 30 are not limited to screws, and may be any configuration that has the function of fixing the reinforcing material 10 and the connecting member 20, such as a combination of a bolt and a nut, a nail, a rivet, or an adhesive.

[0027] In the cross member 1, a plurality of through holes 40 are formed by a plurality of reinforcing members 10 and a plurality of connecting members 20. Specifically, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a plurality of through holes 40 are formed in a line along the X direction of the cross member 1. Each through hole 40 is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view, and each is formed to be approximately the same size. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2(a), the width of the through hole 40 is formed to be approximately the same length as the width of the connecting member 20. This is because the connecting members 20 are arranged at equal intervals in the X direction, spaced apart by the width dimension of the connecting member 20. Note that the connecting members 20 do not need to be arranged at equal intervals, and may be arranged at intervals sufficient to form the through holes 40.

[0028] In this way, the horizontal member 1 has a plurality of through holes 40 formed by combining a plurality of reinforcing members 10 extending in the horizontal direction and a plurality of connecting members 20 extending in the vertical direction. That is, the horizontal member 1 is formed in a Vierendeel beam shape in which plate-like members are combined in the vertical and horizontal directions and gaps are formed between the plate-like members. Therefore, the amount of material used can be reduced by the amount of the gaps, and the horizontal member 1 can be made lighter. In addition, since the horizontal member 1 has a plurality of gaps (through holes 40), it is possible to easily pass piping, pipes, etc. through the horizontal member 1. This makes it possible to apply the horizontal member 1 not only to the outer periphery of a building but also to its internal structure. Furthermore, since the connecting member 20 is fixed in a state of being sandwiched between a pair of plate-like members 10a, 10b, sufficient strength can be ensured even if the material of the horizontal member 1 is wood.

[0029] Fig. 3(a) is a front view of a cross member 1a according to a first modified example, Fig. 3(b) is a front view of a cross member 1b according to a second modified example, and Fig. 3(c) is a front view of a cross member 1c according to a third modified example. In the following description, the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and will not be described.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 3(a), the cross member 1a according to the first modified example is formed to have a total length of, for example, about 4.5 meters, and has through holes 41, 42, 43, 44 (through holes 40) of different widths. Specifically, the through hole 41 formed by the first connecting member 21 and the second connecting member 22 and the through hole 44 formed by the fourth connecting member 24 and the fifth connecting member 25 are formed to have a width shorter than the through hole 42 formed by the second connecting member 22 and the third connecting member 23 and the through hole 43 formed by the third connecting member 23 and the fourth connecting member 24. In this way, by changing the interval between the connecting members 20, the strength of the cross member 1a in which the through holes 40 having different widths are formed can be adjusted even when the connecting members 20 having the same width are used.

[0031] As shown in Fig. 3(b), the cross member 1b according to the second modified example differs from the above embodiment in that the length of the reinforcing member 10 is short and three connecting members 20 are arranged. That is, unlike the above embodiment, by using a reinforcing member 10 with a short length, the cross member 1b is formed to a total length of, for example, about 3 meters, and three connecting members 20 of the same dimensions are arranged between the reinforcing members 10. In this way, by adjusting the number of connecting members 20 arranged according to the length of the reinforcing member 10, it is possible to adjust the total length of the cross member while using connecting members 20 of the same size.

[0032] As shown in Fig. 3(c), the cross member 1c according to the third modified example differs from the above embodiment in that connecting members 20 having different widths are arranged. That is, a plurality of connecting members 20 having different widths are arranged for a reinforcing member 10 having the same length as the above embodiment. By using a connecting member 20 with a wider width, the strength of the cross member 1c in the vertical direction is improved, but the size of the through hole 40 is reduced accordingly. Therefore, the width of the connecting member 20 can be determined taking into consideration the strength required for the cross member 1c and the size of the member that passes through the through hole 40.

[0033] In this way, reinforcing members 10 and connecting members 20 of various dimensions and weights can be used for the cross member 1, and the number of connecting members 20 can also be determined appropriately. Therefore, the dimensions of the reinforcing members 10 and connecting members 20 and the number of connecting members 20 to be arranged can be determined taking into consideration the strength required for the cross member 1 and the dimensions of the through holes 40.

[0034] FIG. 4(a) shows an architectural structure 50. The architectural structure 50 is formed into a quadrangular shape in plan view by combining cross members 1. The parts corresponding to the sides of the quadrangular shape are composed of the cross members 1. It is sufficient that the cross member 1 is used for at least one of the sides of the architectural structure 50, and cross members with a quadrangular cross section or the like without openings may be arranged on the other sides. In order to improve the strength of the architectural structure 50, the cross members 1 may be arranged at the center in the X direction and the center in the Y direction, as shown in FIG. 4(a).

[0035] FIG. 4(b) shows an architectural structure 50a. The architectural structure 50a is formed into a quadrangular shape in plan view by combining a plurality of horizontal members 1 and a pair of horizontal members 60 having a quadrangular cross section or the like. Specifically, a plurality of horizontal members 1 are arranged in parallel with a gap along the X direction, and horizontal members 60 are arranged in parallel with a gap so as to sandwich these horizontal members 1, and both ends of the horizontal members 1 in the X direction support the horizontal members 60. A plurality of horizontal members 1 are arranged in parallel with a gap inside the quadrangular part. The number of horizontal members 1 arranged inside the quadrangular part is not particularly limited, but the more the number of horizontal members 1 arranged, in other words, the higher the density of the horizontal members 1, the stronger the architectural structure 50. Note that, in the horizontal structural plane of each floor, it is desirable that the beam depth (height in the Z direction) of each horizontal member 1 is the same dimension. Incidentally, instead of the cross member 60, the cross member 1 may be arranged.

[0036] An example of the use of the architectural structure 50 or the architectural structure 50a is shown in FIG. 5. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 5 shows the minimum configuration of the framework of the building. As shown in FIG. 5, the architectural structure 50 is used, for example, between the ceiling of the first floor and the floor of the second floor of the building 100, or in any part of the ceiling part of the second floor. In consideration of the strength of the cross member 1, the cross member 1 is used as a simple beam that supports only the floor, and is restrained from supporting the columns of the upper floor and supporting the cross member 1 perpendicular to the cross member 1. Specifically, the end of the cross member 1 is supported by the column 70 extending in the vertical direction, and members such as the column 70 that support the cross member 1 from the vertical direction are not arranged in the other parts, but this is not limited to this.

[0037] Since the through holes 40 are formed in the cross members 1 that constitute the architectural structure 50, pipes can be inserted into the architectural structure 50. Furthermore, by using the architectural structures 50 with a uniform beam depth, the finishing of the ceiling or floor can be carried out quickly and at low cost. Note that the beam depths of the architectural structures 50 placed in different parts may be different. Furthermore, in the building 100, multiple architectural structures 50 may be placed on the XY plane.

[0038] FIG. 6(a) is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of construction when a conventional beam is used. As shown in FIG. 6(a), when a cross member 1 or the like is arranged between a floor member 110 of an upper floor composed of flooring 111 and base plywood 112 and a ceiling member 120 of a lower floor, a beam 101 and a beam 102 having different beam depths may be used. When a cross member 1 or the like is arranged between the beam 101 and the ceiling member 120, a gap Ga and a gap Gb may be generated between the beam 102 and the ceiling member 120, respectively. In order to fill these gaps Ga and Gb, it is necessary to form a ceiling framework by connecting members such as hanging beams and rough girders. In other words, when a beam 101 and a beam 102 having different beam depths are used, a member other than the beam is required.

[0039] FIG. 6(b) is a schematic diagram showing construction when a horizontal member 1 according to the embodiment is used. A plurality of horizontal members 1 with the same beam depth are prepared in advance, and these horizontal members 1 are arranged between the floor member 110 of the upper floor and the ceiling member 120 of the lower floor. By arranging a plurality of horizontal members 1 with uniform beam depth, it is possible to eliminate the trouble of separately installing members such as hanging beams and rafters. In the embodiment of FIG. 6(a), making the beam depth uniform is uneconomical because it uses beams with a height higher than necessary, whereas in the embodiment of FIG. 6(b), even if all the heights are made uniform to the beam with the maximum required height, only the height of the connecting member 20 shown in FIG. 1 increases, so there is no significant increase in the amount of material used as in FIG. 6(a).

[0040] Although one embodiment and examples of the present invention have been described in detail above, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications are possible without substantially departing from the novel features and effects of the present invention. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0041] For example, a term described at least once in the specification or drawings together with a different term having a broader or similar meaning may be replaced with that different term anywhere in the specification or drawings. In addition, the configuration of the cross member and the architectural structure is not limited to those described in the embodiment and examples of the present invention, and various modifications are possible. [Explanation of symbols]

[0042] 1, 1a, 1b, 1c cross member, 10, 11-14 reinforcing member, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b plate-like member, 11af, 11bf opposing surface, 20, 21-25 connecting member, 21f1 first opposing surface, 21f2 second opposing surface, 30 fixing member, 40, 41-44 through hole, 50, 50a architectural structure, 60 cross member, 70 column, 100 building

Claims

1. An architectural structure formed into a quadrangular shape by combining horizontal members used on the horizontal surface between floors or on the ceiling of a building, A plurality of cross members are arranged inside the rectangular portion in a state parallel to any one of the sides, A plurality of reinforcing members each being formed linearly in a front view, arranged parallel to each other, and each being composed of a pair of flat plate-like members; a plurality of flat connecting members arranged in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the plurality of reinforcing materials and connecting the plurality of reinforcing materials to each other; The plurality of connecting members are flat plate-like members elongated in the horizontal direction, and are arranged in a state where each of the connecting members is sandwiched between the pair of plate-like members to form a Vierendeel beam structure in which four corners are fixed by fixing members; the plurality of reinforcing members and the plurality of connecting members are formed of wood, The cross member in which a plurality of through holes are formed by the plurality of reinforcing members and the plurality of connecting members makes it easy to change the beam depth while avoiding an increase in the volume of the material, and the Vierendeel beam structure provides the cross member with bending rigidity and resistance to deflection, and further, This architectural structure is characterized in that by standardizing the beam depths of the multiple cross members, it is possible to easily finish the ceiling on the horizontal surfaces of each floor without installing hanging beams or rafters.

2. 2. The architectural structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcing members is formed of laminated veneer lumber.

3. 3. The architectural structure according to claim 1, wherein the bending Young's modulus of the plurality of reinforcing members is within the range defined by 60E of the bending Young's modulus classification of the JAS standard.

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