Earth retaining structure, stability calculation and stress calculation program for earth retaining structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

To provide a retaining structure that can be installed using a simple construction method while reducing the amount of concrete used, a stability calculation program and stress calculation program for the retaining structure, and a construction method thereof. [Solution] The earth retaining structure 10 includes a retaining wall to be installed on uneven terrain. The earth retaining structure 10 includes a plurality of blocks 12 arranged horizontally and stacked in multiple tiers. The blocks 12 are hardened concrete. The blocks 12 have a front flange 30, a rear flange 32, and a web 34. Between the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the block 12, the portion other than the web 34 forms a space 46. A first inorganic material 48 and a second inorganic material 50 are placed in the space 46.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a retaining structure, a stability calculation and stress calculation program for the retaining structure, and a construction method thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a demand to reduce the amount of concrete used as a measure against resource depletion and to reduce CO2 emissions. In the following Patent Document 1, a filler material is filled into bottomed side wall concrete segments and layered. Ferro-nickel slag, fly ash, etc. are used as the filler material.

[0003] However, Patent Document 1 requires reinforcing steel bars, which does not facilitate construction work. Depending on the contents of the filling material, the amount of concrete may be large. It is also described that harmful substances are used as filling materials, which increases the number of processes for treating harmful substances. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2012-241481 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a retaining structure that can be installed using a simple construction method while reducing the amount of concrete used, a stability calculation and stress calculation program for the retaining structure, and a construction method thereof. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The retaining structure of the present invention is composed of a front flange, a rear flange, and a web that connects the flanges, and includes a block including a space on both sides of the web, a first inorganic material (approximately 80% by weight) that is placed in the space and includes at least one of concrete shells of industrial waste and rocks such as boulders generated at the site, and a second inorganic material (approximately 20% by weight) that includes soil with a smaller particle size than the first inorganic material and fills the gaps between the first inorganic materials. A plurality of the blocks are stacked with unevenness on the upper and lower surfaces and both sides of the front and rear flanges, and the first and second inorganic materials placed in the space are compacted by rolling. When stacking the upper and lower blocks, unevenness may be provided on the web instead of the unevenness on the flanges.

[0007] The stability and stress calculation program for an earth retaining structure of the present invention causes a computer to function as a first calculation unit that calculates the weight of the flange and the web, a second calculation unit that calculates the total weight of the first and second inorganic materials that enter the space, a third calculation unit that calculates the total weight of the earth retaining structure and calculates the section forces due to external forces such as earth pressure, water pressure and surcharge load, a fourth calculation unit that calculates the cross-sectional area, section modulus and moment of inertia of area, and a fifth calculation unit that calculates stability and stress.Furthermore, the computer is caused to function so that the position of action of the external force is closer to the center of the foundation by adjusting the self-weight related to the resistance moment, the body gradient and the external force related to the overturning moment.

[0008] The method for constructing an earth retaining structure of the present invention includes forming a concrete cross section into an I-shape or H-shape in a factory, forming a back flange that contacts soil with a front flange, and providing unevenness on the upper and lower surfaces of both sides of the flange. The unevenness may be on the upper and lower surfaces of the web. The method includes the steps of manufacturing a block including a space formed at a position other than the concrete, transporting the precast concrete to a site, lifting it with a crane or the like, and installing and integrating a plurality of the blocks in the horizontal and vertical directions, filling the space with a first inorganic material including at least one of concrete shells and rocks such as boulders generated at the site, and a second inorganic material including soil having a particle size smaller than that of the first inorganic material and filling the gaps between the first inorganic materials, and compacting the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material with a rolling machine such as a damper. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to this invention, the mainland retaining structure is compacted by putting the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material on both sides of the web, so the weight difference with a structure made of only concrete is small, and there is no problem with stability calculation. It is economical because it can effectively use industrial waste and shorten the construction period by the structural form. Furthermore, it is an environmentally friendly invention because it can reduce the amount of concrete used and suppress the generation of CO2. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a retaining structure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a front view taken along line AA in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 taken along line B-B. [Figure 4] FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a block in which the flange side can be joined only from the horizontal direction. [Figure 6] 1A is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the block used in the present application, and FIG. 1B is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a conventional block. [Figure 7]FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a block in which the side surfaces of the flanges can be joined in both horizontal and vertical directions. [Figure 8] This is a diagram of a plate depicting birds, fish, insects, flowers, etc. that live in the area installed on the top of a retaining structure. [Figure 9] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing the retaining structure of the present application used in stability calculations, where (a) is a side cross-sectional view and (b) is a horizontal cross-sectional view. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing a conventional earth retaining structure used in stability calculations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] The retaining structure, the stability and stress calculation program for the retaining structure, and the construction method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings are shown in schematic form for the purpose of explanation.

[0012] [Embodiment 1] The retaining structure 10 of the present application shown in Figs. 1 to 3 includes a retaining wall installed on a stepped terrain. Retaining walls include erosion control dams and river banks. The height of a conventional retaining structure 10 is about 8.0 m to 10.0 m, but the retaining structure 10 of the present application is not limited to this height. The retaining wall height can be increased by increasing the front slope to 1:N or widening the body width to minimize the difference between the resistance moment and the overturning moment. The retaining structure 10 may be installed with an incline toward the rear side, or may be installed vertically.

[0013] The retaining structure 10 is formed by arranging a plurality of blocks 12 horizontally and stacking the blocks 12 vertically in multiple tiers. A foundation 14 is installed beneath the blocks 12. Under the foundation 14, leveling concrete 16 and foundation crushed stone may be laid.

[0014] The foundation 14 shown in FIG. 4 is made of precast concrete. The top surface of the foundation 14 is perpendicular to the stacking direction of the blocks 12. When the foundations 14 are lined up, the first side 18 and the second side 20 of adjacent foundations 14 come into contact. A first convex portion 24 is formed on the first side 18, and a first concave portion 22 is formed on the second side 20. When the foundations 14 are lined up, the first convex portion 24 and the first concave portion 22 fit together. The number of first convex portions 24 and first concave portions 22 is not limited to one. There may be more than one depending on the size of the foundations 14.

[0015] The bottom surface of the foundation 14 may be roughened. The top surface of the leveling concrete 16 may also be roughened in the same manner as the foundation 14. Reference numerals 26 and 28 are irregularly shaped or uneven, and for example, the height of the convexities (or the depth of the concaves) and the intervals (the intervals between convexities or between concaves) are 1 to 10 mm, preferably about 3 to 5 mm. The unevenness 26 is formed when the foundation 14 is manufactured in a factory. The upper surface of the leveling concrete 16 is roughened with a trowel or brush before the concrete hardens to form the unevenness 28. The concaves of the unevenness 26 may be partially or entirely fitted to the convexities of the unevenness 28, or the convexities of the unevenness 26 may be partially or entirely fitted to the concaves of the unevenness 28. The unevenness 26 and 28 enhance the sliding resistance of the retaining structure 10. The aforementioned friction coefficient is tested by a public institution and reflected in the design calculations.

[0016] The block 12 is a hardened concrete. In this embodiment, no reinforcing bars are used in the block. The block 12 has a front flange 30, a rear flange 32, and a web 34 (Fig. 5). The front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 are flat and have a thick structure. The length of the block 12 is about 1.0m to 3.0m in consideration of workability. The height is set to 1.0m as standard in consideration of compaction workability. The height of the block 12 is adjusted at the top. The rear flange 32 is the side that contacts soil 36 of a sabo dam or revetment. External forces such as earth pressure, water pressure, and surcharge load act from the rear flange 32 toward the front flange 30.

[0017] The web 34 is a part that connects the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. The web 34 is connected to the center of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. The web 34 is flat and has a thick structure. The height of the web 34 is the same as the height of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32, and is set to, for example, 1.0 m as a standard. H, t1, and t2 of the block 12 shown in Figure 6 greatly affect the stress calculation. The horizontal cross section of the block 12 is I-shaped or H-shaped. The length h1 of the web 34 (the distance from the front flange 30 to the rear flange 32) and the thicknesses t1 and t2 of the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34 affect the stress calculation against the external forces of earth pressure, water pressure, and surcharge load, and the strength of the block 12 shown in Figure 6 is increased.

[0018] A second recess 38 is provided on the upper surfaces of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the block 12. A second protrusion 40 is provided on the lower surfaces of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the block 12. When the blocks 12 are stacked, the second protrusion 40 fits into the second recess 38, thereby integrating the blocks 12 in the stacking direction. The second recess 38 may be formed in one place on the upper surface of the web 34. The second protrusion 40 may be formed in one place on the lower surface of the web 34.

[0019] A second recess 38 is formed in the upper surface of the foundation 14. When the block 12 is placed on the foundation 14, the second protrusion 40 of the block 12 is inserted into the second recess 38 of the foundation 14.

[0020] When the block 12 is viewed from the front flange 30, a third recess 42 is provided on the right side of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the block 12. A third protrusion 44 is provided on the left side of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the block 12. When the blocks 12 are aligned horizontally, the third protrusion 44 fits into the third recess 42, thereby integrating the blocks 12 that are positioned horizontally.

[0021] All of the blocks 12 are integrated together by the connection between the second recess 38 and the second protrusion 40, and the connection between the third recess 42 and the third protrusion 44. The structural stability and durability of the retaining structure 10 are improved.

[0022] In the stacking direction of the blocks 12, the shape and dimensions of the upper block 12 and the lower block 12 are the same. In conventional sabo dams, the concrete is made thicker in the lower part in order to satisfy stability and stress calculations, but this is the same in the present application. The weight of the earth retaining structure 10 can be increased to improve stability.

[0023] The section modulus of the block 12 of the present application and the conventional rectangular parallelepiped block (block with no space) 100 will be compared. In the block 12 and block 100 shown in FIG. 6, B indicates the width and H indicates the thickness of the structure, and H is determined by stability calculations and stress calculations. The cross-sectional area of ​​the block 12 of the present application is A = B x t2 x 2 + h1 x t1. The cross-sectional area of ​​the block 100 is A = B x H. The section modulus of the block 12 of the present application is Z = (B x H 3 -(B-t1)×h1 3 ) / (6×H)(mm 3 ) and the section modulus of block 100 is Z=B×H 2 / 6(mm 3 ) The section modulus is the square of the thickness H of the structure, so increasing the thickness H of the structure has a large effect on the stress calculation.

[0024] Between the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the block 12, the portion other than the web 34 forms a space 46. By arranging a plurality of blocks 12 in the horizontal direction, the space 46 is surrounded by the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34. A first inorganic material 48 and a second inorganic material 50 are placed in the space 46 and roll-compressed.

[0025] The first inorganic material 48 includes at least one of concrete crumbs and rocks such as boulders generated on-site. The concrete crumbs may be waste generated when a building or civil engineering structure is crushed. The rocks such as boulders may be materials that can be collected at the installation site of the earth retaining structure.

[0026] The first inorganic material 48 may contain waste materials such as mortar and roof tiles in addition to concrete husks and rocks such as boulders. The total volume ratio of concrete husks, rocks such as boulders, or both in the first inorganic material 48 is about 80%, and the second inorganic material 50 fills the remaining voids. The weight of the conventional body cross section and the weight ratio of the above type are close. The concrete husks or boulders increase the weight of the retaining structure 10 to improve stability, and the thickness H of the body is increased to improve stress. The first inorganic material 48 includes material that has been crushed into fine particle size.

[0027] The second inorganic material 50 includes soil and sand. It is preferable that the second inorganic material 50 has a smaller particle size than the first inorganic material 48. Since the first inorganic material 48 alone generates voids, the voids are filled with the second inorganic material 50. The type of soil and sand includes at least one of clay, silt, and sand having a particle size of less than about 2 mm. As long as the voids between the first inorganic materials 48 are filled, the particle size of the second inorganic material 50 is not limited. When the second inorganic material 50 includes gravel having a particle size of about 2 mm or more, it is preferable that the second inorganic material 50 also includes sand having a particle size smaller than the gravel.

[0028] The ratio of the first inorganic material 48 to the total of the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 is 70 to 90%. By making the ratio of the first inorganic material 48 greater than that of the second inorganic material 50, the ratio of concrete crust and the like used in the earth retaining structure 10 is increased. The weight of the earth retaining structure 10 becomes heavier, and the stability of the earth retaining structure 10 can be improved.

[0029] The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 placed in the space 46 are compacted. By compacting, air is removed from the space 46, and the filling rate of the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 in the space 46 is increased. The weight of the earth retaining structure 10 is increased, and the stability of the earth retaining structure 10 can be improved. The air void ratio is 0 to 15%, preferably 0 to 10%, and more preferably 0 to 5%. The degree of compaction is 85 to 100%, preferably 90 to 100%, and more preferably 95 to 100%.

[0030] The weight of the block 12 of the present application is lighter than that of the rectangular parallelepiped block 100 by the presence of the space 46. In the present application, the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50, including concrete shells, are filled into the space 46 as described above. For example, in the retaining structure 10 of the present application, the cross-sectional area ratio of the concrete part can be reduced to about 50% when the rectangular parallelepiped block 100 is made of 100% concrete, and when the front flange 30, the back flange 32, and the web 34 are made of concrete and 80% of the first inorganic material 48 and 20% of the second inorganic material 50 are filled into the space 46 by weight. The retaining structure 10 can be safely designed by appropriately changing the thicknesses of the front flange 30, the back flange 32, and the web 34.

[0031] The thickness of the front flange 30, the back flange 32, and the web 34 may be changed depending on the design conditions. The horizontal cross section of the blocks 12 can be made smaller as the earth retaining structure 10 goes up because the cross-sectional forces due to earth pressure, water pressure, surcharge, etc. become smaller. However, in this application, blocks 12 of the same shape are stacked, taking into consideration the manufacturing, workability, construction period, etc. of the blocks 12. At least one of the shape and cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal cross section of the blocks 12 is constant in the stacking direction of the blocks 12. The shape of the topmost block 12 may be different from the other blocks 12 depending on the topography on which the earth retaining structure 10 is to be installed. For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the topmost block 12 is designed so that the tops of the front flange 30 and the back flange 32 are on the same horizontal plane.

[0032] 6(a), for example, H=1500 mm, B=1000 mm, t1=200 mm, h1=1100 mm, and h2=200 mm. If the height of the block 12 is 1000 mm, the volume of the space 46 in the block 12 is 0.40×1.10×2×1.00=0.88 m 3 It becomes.

[0033] The weight of a unit volume of concrete is approximately 2.3t / m 3 The unit weight of soil is about 1.3 to 2.0 t / m 3 For the calculation, the weight of the soil is set at 1.7t / m 3The space 46 is filled with 80% concrete shells and 20% soil. The weight of the concrete shells in the space 46 of one block 12 is 0.88 x 0.80 x 2.3 t / m 3 = 1.62t, weight of soil is 0.88×0.20×1.7t / m 3 =0.30t. The total weight of the concrete shells and soil that enter the space 46 is 1.92t. In the present application, the total weight of the concrete shells and soil that enter one block 12 and the space 46 is 1.92+(1.00×0.20×2+0.20×1.10)×1.00×2.3t / m 3 =3.35t.

[0034] In the case of the conventional block 100 shown in FIG. 6(b), the weight of one block 100 is 1.00×1.50×1.00×2.3 t / m 3 =3.45t. Even if there is a slight fluctuation, the difference in weight between the block 100 and the present invention is small. By keeping the horizontal cross section of the block 12 constant in the stacking direction of the block 12 without changing it, the weight of the earth retaining structure 10 can be made heavier. The weight of the earth retaining structure 10 helps to stabilize the earth retaining structure 10 against sliding and tipping.

[0035] The present application may also include a program for calculating the stability (overturning, sliding, bearing capacity) and stress of an earth retaining structure, which causes a computer to function as a first calculation unit for calculating the cross-sectional area, section modulus, moment of inertia, weight, and moment of resistance of the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34, a second calculation unit for calculating the total weight and moment of resistance of the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 entering the space from the volume of the space 46, a third calculation unit for calculating the weight and moment of overturning due to the back soil, the upper load, the inertial force, etc., and a fourth calculation unit for automatically calculating so that the position of action of the external force is closer to the center of the foundation. The present application may also include a means for inputting the dimensions of the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34, the ratio of the first inorganic material 48 to the second inorganic material 50, and the overall size of the earth retaining structure 10. The volume of the space 46 is calculated from the input dimensions. The stability and stress of the earth retaining structure 10 are calculated by the computer, so that the desired earth retaining structure 10 can be easily and optimally designed.

[0036] A cap 52 is placed on top of the retaining structure 10. The cap 52 is placed on top of the top block 12. The cap 52 has a flat shape with an increased thickness. A second convex portion 40 is provided on the cap 52, and the second convex portion 40 is inserted into the second concave portion 38 of the top block 12. The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 in the space 46 of the block 12 are maintained in a compressed state.

[0037] The block 12, foundation 14 and cap 52 are integrated by fitting the first convex portion 24 with the first concave portion 22, the second concave portion 38 with the second convex portion 40, and the third concave portion 42 with the third convex portion 44. Furthermore, the space 46 inside the block 12 is filled with compressed first inorganic material 48 and second inorganic material 50. It is possible to maintain quality equal to or better than that of conventional erosion control dams, revetment retaining walls, etc. made only of concrete.

[0038] Next, a method for constructing the retaining structure 10 will be described. (1) The blocks 12 are manufactured in a factory. The bottom surface of the foundation 14 is formed with unevenness 26 of about 3 to 5 mm in a precast manufacturing process to enhance sliding resistance and provide it to the construction site. A second recess 38 is formed in the foundation 14 into which the second protrusion 40 of the block 12 is inserted. Furthermore, a first recess 22 is formed into which the first protrusion 24 is inserted. A slope is formed on the top surface of the foundation 14 so as to be perpendicular to the slope of the block 12 in accordance with the direction in which the blocks 12 are stacked.

[0039] (2) Lay the foundation crushed stone and leveling concrete 16. Before the concrete hardens, the top surface of the leveling concrete 16 is roughened with a trowel or brush to form grooves or irregularities 28 and increase the sliding resistance.

[0040] (3) The foundation 14 is installed on top of the laid foundation crushed stone and leveling concrete 16. The foundation 14 is arranged so that it is lined up horizontally. The foundation 14 may be arranged using machinery such as a backhoe or a crane. The first convex portion 24 of the foundation 14 is placed into the second concave portion 22 of the foundation 14. The blocks 12 are installed on top of the foundation 14 so that they are lined up horizontally using machinery such as a backhoe or a crane. The foundation 14 and the leveling concrete 16 each have unevenness 26, 28 formed therein, which enhance the sliding resistance when the foundation 14 is installed.

[0041] (4) Using a backhoe or the like, the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are put into the space 46 of the block 12. The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are mixed and put in. When putting them in, it is preferable to prepare a scale capable of measuring the weight of the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 and to weigh them at the construction site. When using boulders or other rocks generated on-site, it is important to measure the unit volume weight in advance and reflect this in the design calculations. The measurement method is to put the rocks in a water tank and measure the volume of the overflowing water, and calculate it by weight of rocks / volume of water.

[0042] (5) The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are compressed by a compressor such as a damper. The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are compacted by compression, and air is removed from the space 46 of the block 12.

[0043] (4) and (5) are repeated until the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 can no longer be accommodated in the space of the block 12. The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 may be accommodated in the space 46 of the block 12 such that the total volume of the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 is smaller than the volume of the space 46 of the block 12. Although (4) and (5) are repeated more times, this makes it easier to remove air.

[0044] (6) After the space 46 of the block 12 is filled with the compressed first inorganic material 48 and second inorganic material 50, another block 12 is stacked on top of the block 12. The stacking method is the same as in (3) above, with the second convex portion 40 inserted into the second concave portion 38 and the third convex portion 44 inserted into the third concave portion 42.

[0045] (7) As in (4) and (5) above, the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are placed in the space 46 of the block 12 and compressed.

[0046] The blocks 12 are stacked, inorganic materials 48, 50 are placed in the spaces 46, and compressed repeatedly until the retaining structure 10 reaches a desired height.

[0047] (8) The cap 52 is placed on the upper end of the uppermost block 12. The second protrusion 40 of the cap 52 is inserted into the second recess 38 of the block 12.

[0048] As described above, when constructing the earth-retaining structure 10, no formwork work is required because precast products are manufactured in a factory and transported to the site. The earth-retaining structure 10 is easier to construct than conventional sabo dams and revetment structures. The earth-retaining structure 10 is superior in terms of economy, safety, shortened construction time, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional sabo dams and revetment structures. Comparing the block 12 with the conventional block 100, it is also possible to reduce the amount of cement by half. The earth-retaining structure 10 is sustainable and reduces CO2 emissions by utilizing discarded concrete shells and the like.

[0049] [Embodiment 2] The number of webs 34 per block 12 is not limited to one. A block may have a plurality of webs 34.

[0050] [Embodiment 3] The block 12 may be made of chemical concrete in which a polymer admixture is mixed with cement. The polymer admixture includes at least one of natural rubber latex (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), methyl methacrylate butadiene rubber (MBR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (MBR), polyacrylic ester (PAE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), styrene acrylate ester (SAE), polypropionate ester (PVP), polypropylene (PP), asphalt, rubber asphalt, paraffin, mixed latex, mixed emulsion, vinyl acetate vinyl versatate (VAVeoVa), styrene acrylate ester (SAE), methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), calcium acrylate, magnesium acrylate, unsaturated polyester resin (UP), and epoxy resin (EP). The strength of the block 12 may be increased by mixing the polymer admixture with the cement. The increased strength of block 12 allows the thicknesses of front flange 30, rear flange 32 and web 34 to be reduced, further reducing the amount of concrete used.

[0051] [Embodiment 4] The second protrusion 40 of the block 12 may be provided on the lower surfaces of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32, and the second recess 38 may be provided on the upper surfaces of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. The second protrusion 40 may be provided on the lower surface and the second recess 38 on the upper surface of the web 34. The second recess 38 and the second protrusion 40 may be provided in at least one of the front flange 30, the rear flange 32 or the web 34. A third protrusion 44 may be provided on the left side surface of the block 12, and a third recess 42 may be provided on the right side surface. As long as the recesses 38, 42 and the protrusions 40, 44 of adjacent blocks 12 can be fitted together and integrated, their positions and shapes are not limited.

[0052] A third convex portion 56 and a third concave portion 58 may be provided linearly from the top to the bottom of the block 12 on the right and left sides of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the block 54 in Fig. 7. The block 12 can be installed by sliding it from top to bottom while fitting the third convex portion 56 and the third concave portion 58 together.

[0053] [Embodiment 5] Drainage holes are provided in the blocks 12 in order to reduce the water pressure acting on the retaining structure 10. The drainage holes penetrate the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. Water that has soaked into the rear soil is allowed to flow from the rear flange 32 to the front flange 30. Holes may be provided at the lower ends of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of the lowest block 12 in order to drain water that has entered the space 46 in the blocks 12.

[0054] [Embodiment 6] When the height of the retaining wall is increased and the concrete stress does not satisfy the allowable value due to the strong influence of the inertial force caused by the earthquake, an aramid fiber sheet may be attached to the back surface of the block 12. The block 12 is reinforced by the aramid fiber sheet. An aramid fiber sheet may be attached to each block 12, or the aramid fiber sheet may be attached to the tension side of the stacked blocks 12.

[0055] [Embodiment 7] As shown in Fig. 8, a plate 60 may be installed on top of the retaining structure 10. The plate 60 is attached to the retaining structure 10 with double-sided mesh fiber tape. Flora and fauna endemic to the area may be depicted on the plate 60 to raise awareness of the importance of the natural environment among local residents and tourists and to enhance the area's appeal. In addition, a design (decoration) may be applied to the surface of the front flange 30 with projections and recesses.

[0056] [Example] Design calculations were carried out to confirm the stability and safety of the present invention. Fig. 9 shows the retaining structure 10 of the present invention used in the design calculations. The above-mentioned web 34 is fixed to the center of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. Although not shown in Fig. 9, it was assumed that the space 46 was filled with concrete shells at a volume ratio of 80% and soil at a volume ratio of 20%. Fig. 10 shows a conventional retaining structure 110 used as a comparative example. All dimensions shown in Figs. 9 and 10 are in mm. The depth direction in Figs. 9(a) and 10 was set to 1000 mm.

[0057] The volume of the block 12 of the earth retaining structure 10 of the present application is 12.80 m 3 The volume of the conventional earth retaining structure 110 is 33.60 m 3 The amount of concrete used in the earth retaining structure 10 of the present invention was approximately 38% of that used in the conventional earth retaining structure 110. It was confirmed that the present invention can reduce the amount of concrete used and CO2 emissions.

[0058] Stability calculations were performed using the Forestry Civil Engineering Consultants Foundation's erosion control dam and retaining wall cross-section table. Table 1 shows the calculation results of the vertical component force, etc. of the retaining wall structure 10 of the present invention shown in Figure 9 and the conventional retaining wall structure 110 shown in Figure 10.

[0059] [Table 1]

[0060] Furthermore, the stability against tipping of the earth retaining structure 10 of the present invention is B / 6=1.067m, which is greater than the eccentric distance e=1.056m and is stable. The stability against sliding of the earth retaining structure 10 of the present invention is μΣ V / Σ H = 1.85, which is greater than the safety factor of 1.5 and is therefore stable. The stability of the earth retaining structure 10 of the present invention against the bearing capacity of the earth is an allowable bearing capacity of 700 kN / m 2 351.38kN / m 2 The concrete stress was larger and more stable than that of the concrete. 2 is the allowable stress σca = 6.0N / mm 2The stability against tipping of the conventional earth retaining structure 110 was B / 6 = 1.067 m, which was larger than the eccentric distance e = 0.959 m and was stable. The stability against sliding of the conventional earth retaining structure 110 was μΣ V / Σ H = 1.55, which is greater than the safety factor of 1.5 and is therefore stable. The stability of the conventional earth retaining structure 110 against the bearing capacity of the earth is an allowable bearing capacity of 700 kN / m 2 287.57kN / m 2 It was confirmed that the present invention is as stable as conventional products and can further contribute to reducing the amount of concrete used and CO2 emissions.

[0061] In addition, the present invention can be implemented in various forms with various improvements, modifications, and changes based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] 10: Earth retaining structures 12, 54: Block 14: Basics 16: Smoothing concrete 18: First side of the foundation 20: Second side of the foundation 22: First recess 24: First convex part 26: Unevenness of the foundation underside 28: Irregularities on the surface of smoothed concrete 30: Front flange 32: Rear flange 34: Web 36: Earth and sand 38: Second recess 40: Second convex part 42, 58: 3rd recess 44, 56: Third convex part 46: Space 48: 1st inorganic substance 50:Second inorganic substance 52: Cap 60: Plate

Claims

1. a front flange made of concrete, a rear flange arranged opposite to the front flange with a gap therebetween and in contact with soil and sand, a web arranged between the front flange and the rear flange and made of concrete, and a block including a space formed between the front flange and the rear flange at a position other than the web; a first inorganic matter disposed in the space, the first inorganic matter comprising at least one of a concrete shell or a rock; A second inorganic material including soil having a particle size smaller than that of the first inorganic material and filling spaces between the first inorganic materials; Including, A plurality of the blocks are stacked with the front flanges overlapping, the rear flanges overlapping, and the webs overlapping, and the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material placed in the space are compacted, The retaining structure includes a foundation under the lowest block and a leveling concrete under the foundation, and the foundation and the leveling concrete have enhanced sliding resistance due to their unevenness.

2. 2. The retaining structure of claim 1, wherein the horizontal cross section of the blocks is constant in the stacking direction of the blocks.

3. 3. The retaining structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocks include recesses and protrusions for integrating adjacent blocks.

4. A retaining structure of claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocks are made of chemical concrete.

5. a first calculation unit for calculating the cross-sectional area, section modulus, second moment of area, weight and resistance moment of the front flange, the rear flange and the web according to claim 1; a second calculation unit for calculating a total weight and a resistance moment of the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material entering the space from the volume of the space; A third calculation unit that calculates a weight and an overturning moment due to at least two of the back soil, the upper load, and the inertial force; A fourth calculation unit that automatically calculates the position of action of the external force so as to be closer to the center of the foundation; A stability and stress calculation program for earth retaining structures that functions as a computer.

6. A step of laying leveling concrete; A step of installing a foundation on the leveled concrete; preparing a block including a front flange made of concrete, a rear flange disposed opposite to the front flange with a gap therebetween and in contact with soil and sand, a web disposed between the front flange and the rear flange and made of concrete, and a space formed between the front flange and the rear flange at a position other than the web; placing a plurality of the blocks on the foundation in a horizontal direction; A step of placing a first inorganic material including at least one of concrete crust and rocks in the space, and a second inorganic material including soil having a smaller particle size than the first inorganic material and filling the gaps between the first inorganic materials; compacting the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material; Including, The method for constructing an earth retaining structure, wherein the step of installing the foundation includes a step of fitting the foundation and leveling concrete together by means of projections and recesses.

7. stacking the blocks; A step of inserting a first inorganic material and a second inorganic material into a space between the stacked blocks; compacting the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material; Including, 7. The method for constructing an earth retaining structure according to claim 6, wherein the horizontal cross section of the blocks is constant in the stacking direction of the blocks.

8. The block includes a recess and a protrusion for integrating the block with an adjacent block, 8. The method for constructing an earth retaining structure according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a step of fitting the recessed portion into the protruding portion when placing the blocks.

9. A construction method for a retaining structure of claim 6 or 7, wherein the blocks are made of chemical concrete.

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