Residential building

Abstract

To provide a residential building that can be stably and legally extended or remodeled in the upward direction in the future with sufficient strength of the main body part, has excellent workability for changing the steel frame body of the main body part when extending or remodeling, and can be continued or inherited as a residential building for a long period of time while increasing its value as real estate. [Solution] The residential building has a main body 1 consisting of a foundation 10 and a steel frame structure 11, and the main body 1 has two residential section forming structures L1 and L2 that form the framework of the residential section, which are arranged in two locations with an approximately symmetrical or approximately identical structure, and is constructed with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation upwards where future loads will increase.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a residential building. More specifically, it relates to a residential building that can be expanded or remodeled in the future in an upward direction in a stable and legal manner with sufficient strength of the main body of the building, and that is easy to work with, such as by changing the steel frame of the main body of the building, and that can be continued and inherited as a residential building for a long time. [Background technology]

[0002] Earthquakes have been a frequent occurrence in Japan for a long time, and the earthquake resistance of buildings is a major concern. In particular, for general residential buildings, wooden buildings using frame construction methods such as 2x4 (two-by-four) are still the norm, due to factors such as construction costs, but in recent years, residential buildings with steel frame structures, which have superior earthquake resistance, have been reevaluated. On the other hand, there is a problem in that steel frame residential buildings are expensive to build for general housing.

[0003] For this reason, when constructing a residential building with a steel frame structure, there is a tendency to build it with the minimum floor plan that matches the family composition at that time in order to keep construction costs down. However, in the future, there may be a need to add an extension to add more rooms due to circumstances such as living with elderly parents or children and their spouses.

[0004] One drawback of the mainstream being made of wooden houses because of their low construction costs is that wooden residential buildings have a fundamental problem in that they have a short physical lifespan, meaning that homeowners have little desire to continue using their homes for long periods of time, such as 40 or 50 years.

[0005] As a result, when residential buildings are first constructed, future expansion or renovation is rarely considered. This is true even for residential buildings with steel frame structures. When they become old and difficult to use, the trend is to demolish them and build new ones (scrap-and-build).

[0006] However, this approach entailed huge costs for demolishing and disposing of the original residential structure, constructing a new residential structure, and securing temporary housing during construction, and it also necessitated re-structuring and re-application for building confirmation, which meant it took too long before construction could begin.

[0007] In order to carry out the above-mentioned extension or renovation, a building structure has been proposed, for example, as described in Patent Document 1. That is, in the residential building described in Patent Document 1, as shown in Fig. 8 of Patent Document 1, a method of extension is adopted in which another building unit is connected to an existing residential building in an adjacent direction. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] JP 2012-180716 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] However, this structure presupposes that the land adjacent to the existing residential building is large enough for an extension and can be used, and it is extremely difficult to extend the building if, for example, the garden is small or there is land or a house owned by someone else nearby. Furthermore, even if the surrounding land is acquired, there is the problem that it costs a lot of money to acquire the land, especially in urban areas.

[0010] On the other hand, there are no such problems when expanding a residential building upwards, so it may seem that construction would be easy. However, in general residential buildings, the structural design does not take into consideration subsequent expansion or renovation of upwards, so expansions cannot be carried out easily.

[0011] In other words, in the above case, for example, the main structure consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure was unable to withstand the increased load caused by the extension or renovation, and there was a risk of collapse or crushing not only during an earthquake but also during peacetime.

[0012] In particular, in the case of residential buildings with steel frame structures, the weight of the columns and beams that make up the main structure is heavy, and the Building Standards Act stipulates that the main structure must be strong enough to support them. Therefore, for example, it goes without saying that it is illegal to extend the building so that the load exceeds the strength that is compatible with the original structural design, and the residential building that has been extended becomes an illegal building.

[0013] Furthermore, for example, when renovating an existing residential building, not only by expanding or remodeling the building on upper floors but also by renovating the original dwelling almost from scratch, if the steel frame structure of the main part of the structure is, for example, of a structure that does not have much regularity, it is not easy to make changes to it, and if changes are made carelessly, there is a risk that undesirable strain (distortion, etc.) will be placed on the structure, resulting in a deterioration of the strength of the structure, such as its load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance.

[0014] Furthermore, in recent years, as mentioned above, in the case of ordinary housing, there is the dilemma that owners have little intention of continuing to use the property for decades to begin with, and so effective and practical renovations that take into account complete reconstruction, repairs, and conversion to suit changes in use have been proposed as a construction method that is widely recognized as being considerate of the maintenance and management of buildings, reducing production costs, and the global environment caused by industrial waste.

[0015] The present invention has been devised in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a residential building that allows future expansion or renovation in the upward direction to be carried out stably and legally with sufficient strength in the main structure, and that also has excellent workability for changing the steel frame of the main structure when expanding or renovating, and can survive and be passed down as a residential building for the long term. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] The first aspect of the present invention is a residential building comprising a foundation portion formed by connecting the middle parts of two foundation bases installed in parallel with four underground beams installed in parallel, a steel frame structure formed of foundation columns installed at the connection parts of the foundation base and the underground beams, each column connected to its upper end, and a plurality of beams erected between each of the columns, two living area forming structures formed by forming two steel frame structures with a rigid frame structure symmetrically with a certain distance between them, connecting beams of small beams erected between each of the columns of the closer sides of the two living area forming structures, and an extension connection portion formed at the upper end of the column of the steel frame structure constituting the two living area forming structures.

[0017] (1) In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the residential building of the present invention has a main structure consisting of a foundation and a steel frame structure, and the main structure has two living space forming structures that serve as the framework of the living space, each of which is arranged in an approximately symmetrical or approximately identical structure. The residential building is constructed with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation in the upward direction where future loads will increase.

[0018] A residential building has a main structure consisting of a foundation and a steel frame structure, and is constructed by attaching exterior walls, slabs, finishes, etc. to the main structure. The steel frame structure that constitutes the main structure has two residential area formation structures that form the framework of the living area, and these two residential area formation structures have a roughly symmetrical structure or roughly identical structure to each other.

[0019] In other words, the two structures that form the living area are symmetrical, which is advantageous for maintaining a good overall balance of weight and strength, whether they are the main structure of a residential building consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure, or whether they are a residential building with exterior walls, slabs, finishes, etc. built into the main structure.

[0020] There are various forms of symmetry, and they may be symmetrical structures based on a reference line or point between each living area structure (e.g., linear symmetry, point symmetry, planar symmetry, etc.), or they may be identical structures.

[0021] In addition, because the main structure has the residential structure symmetrically, even if the steel frame structure of the main structure is changed during renovation, the work is often common to many parts of the residential structure, making the work relatively easy and efficient. Therefore, better workability can be achieved compared to work changing the residential structure that is not symmetric and has an irregular structure.

[0022] Furthermore, residential buildings are built with steel frames to begin with, so they have excellent load-bearing and earthquake-resistant strength, and can withstand longer periods of use than wooden houses, etc. In addition, the main body of the building is constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or renovation in the upward direction, where loads will increase, so in the original state of the residential building before expansion or renovation, there is more than enough margin for load-bearing and earthquake-resistant performance, making it a residential building with extremely strong structural strength.

[0023] And, if an extension or renovation to the upper floors becomes necessary in the future, the main structure can be expanded or remodeled as originally envisaged. In other words, the main structure as a whole can support the load that will increase with an extension or renovation to the upper floors, in addition to the load of the original residential building, so there are no problems under the Building Standards Act and it is possible to realize a legal residential building with the load assumed in the original structural design as the upper limit.

[0024] In other words, for example, a single-story detached house for one family may initially be constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or renovation as described above. Ten years later, the family grows and it becomes a two-family home, so it may be expanded to a two-story building. Then, 20 years later, when only an elderly couple remains, the house may be renovated into an apartment, with the couple living in one room and renting out the other rooms. In this way, by carrying out expansion or renovation in stages as the client's lifestyle changes, the house can be maintained and passed down as a residential building for the long term while increasing its value as real estate.

[0025] Another example is when a two-story house is initially constructed for a large family, and 10 years later, the children build their own houses and move out, leaving just the couple, so the house is remodeled into an apartment building (or condominium), with the couple living in one room and renting out the other room. Later, the apartment building can be separated and remodeled into two detached houses, and each room can be rented out.

[0026] (2) The residential building of the present invention may be configured as a rigid-frame structure in which the steel frame of the main structure is made of heavy steel.

[0027] In this case, the residential building has a steel frame structure as the main structure, in other words, a steel framework made of rectangular frames arranged in multiple rectangular parallelepiped shapes with rigid joints at each joint. Moreover, because the main structure is made of heavy steel, the load-bearing and earthquake-resistance performance of the main structure is extremely excellent, making it a structure that is particularly suitable for the construction of residential buildings that will be two or more stories high after extensions are made.

[0028] (3) The residential building of the present invention can be configured so that each of the living area forming structures can be connected and disconnected by attaching and detaching the required number of connecting beams to the living area forming structures.

[0029] In this case, the residential building can connect each of the dwelling area forming structures by attaching a connecting beam to each of the dwelling area forming structures arranged in a predetermined position adjacent to each other. Also, the connection between each of the dwelling area forming structures can be released by removing the connecting beam from each of the connected dwelling area forming structures.

[0030] In other words, by connecting each of the residential area forming structures by attaching the connecting beams, it is possible to construct one residential building with each residential area forming structure integrated into one. Also, by removing the connecting beams to release the connection between each of the residential area forming structures, it is possible to construct two residential buildings with each residential area forming structure as a separate entity. In this way, the combination of each residential area forming structure can be flexibly adapted to the type of residential building that is aimed for through the extension or renovation.

[0031] (4) The residential building of the present invention can be configured so that, by connecting each of the residential area forming structures, a common area forming structure including connecting beams that forms the framework of the common area is formed between each of the residential area forming structures.

[0032] In this case, the residential buildings can be placed next to each other by connecting each dwelling structure with a connecting beam. Residential areas can be constructed on each of the adjacent dwelling structures. In addition, common area structures including connecting beams that form the framework of the common areas are formed between each dwelling structure, so common areas such as stairs that can be used by people living in the dwellings constructed on each dwelling structure can be constructed.

[0033] (5) The residential building of the present invention can be configured such that the connecting beams are H-shaped steel and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the flanges or webs of the connecting beams in the thickness direction and tightened and fixed to the beam fixing seats in the living area forming structure, thereby enabling installation and removal.

[0034] In this case, the connecting beam is an H-shaped steel, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the flange or web of the connecting beam in the thickness direction and tightened to the beam fixing seats on the living area forming structure.When fixed, the contact surfaces between the flange or web of the connecting beam and the beam fixing seats are easily fitted and stable, making installation easy and allowing for stronger fixation with high rigidity.

[0035] (6) The residential building of the present invention can be configured such that the connecting beams are made of square steel pipes and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the connecting beams in the direction of their smallest radius and fastened to the beam fixing seats in the structure forming the living area, thereby enabling installation and removal.

[0036] In this case, the connecting beam is a square steel pipe, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the connecting beam in the minimum radial direction and tightened to the beam fixing seats in the living space formation structure. According to this, when fixing, the bolts are passed through the opposing plates on the fixed side of the connecting beam, that is, the plate on the opposite side to the plate that contacts the beam fixing seat, and the beam fixing seat, and the nuts are tightened to fix it.

[0037] Because the connecting beam fixed in this way has a space inside, the plate that contacts the beam fixing seat and the plate on the opposite side are slightly deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and it has superior toughness against external forces compared to H-shaped steel, which is fixed extremely firmly. As a result, compared to H-shaped steel, it has a better balance of displacement when subjected to external forces, and the connecting beam is less likely to suffer brittle fracture or large, irreversible deformation.

[0038] (7) The residential building of the present invention may be configured so that the beam fixing base is provided with a guide portion for guiding the connecting beam to be attached to the attachment position.

[0039] In this case, the beam fixing seat is provided with a guide section for guiding the connecting beam to the installation position, so that the connecting beam can be easily positioned when it is attached to the beam fixing seat, and the workability is good. Also, when the connecting beam is removed from the beam fixing seat, it is still held by the guide section at the time when the fixing bolts and nuts are removed, so that the worker can prevent the connecting beam from being dropped by mistake.

[0040] (8) The residential building of the present invention may be configured so that a connection section is provided on the upper part of the main structure to connect and construct the extension or remodeling section when the extension or remodeling is carried out in the upward direction.

[0041] In this case, the connection part is provided on the upper part of the main structure and can be used to connect the extension or remodeling part. Therefore, if the need arises after the original residential building has been constructed to extend or remodel upwards, the extension or remodeling originally envisaged can be carried out in the upward direction.

[0042] In other words, by connecting the column and beam components that make up the extension or renovated section to the joints of the original residential building, and using this as a starting point to construct the extension or renovated section, work efficiency is improved and a legal residential building can be constructed in a relatively short period of time with the load capacity limited to that assumed in the original structural design.

[0043] (9) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method of construction of a residential building of the present invention includes the steps of constructing a non-aggregate dwelling by arranging a main structure consisting of a foundation and a steel frame structure and a residential section forming structure that serves as the framework of the residential section in two locations in an approximately symmetrical or approximately identical structure, and constructing the non-aggregate dwelling with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation in the upward direction where future loads will increase, and, when expansion or renovation in the upward direction of the non-aggregate dwelling becomes necessary, using the main structure as it is as the structure, and expanding or renovating it in the upward direction as necessary, thereby constructing the apartment building.

[0044] According to the construction method for a residential building of the present invention, the main structure consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure is placed in two locations with a substantially symmetrical or substantially identical structure to the residential area forming structure that serves as the framework for the living area, so that the two residential area forming structures are symmetrical.

[0045] This is advantageous for maintaining the structures forming each living area in a good overall condition with a good balance of weight and strength, whether they are the main structure consisting of the foundation and steel frame of a residential building, or a non-apartment building with exterior walls, slabs, finishes, etc. built into the main structure.

[0046] In addition, by having the main structure symmetrically arranged with the residential structure, even if the steel frame of the main structure is changed during renovation, the work is often common to many parts of the residential structure, making the work relatively easy and efficient. Therefore, it is easier to work than changing the residential structure that is not symmetric and has an irregular structure.

[0047] In addition, by constructing non-agency housing such as detached houses with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation in the upward direction, where future loads will increase, the non-agency housing will have more than sufficient load-bearing and earthquake resistance in its original state before expansion or renovation, and will become a residential building with extremely strong structural strength.

[0048] Furthermore, if in the future it becomes necessary to extend or renovate the non-apartment building upwards to, for example, turn it into a two-story building or an apartment, the main structure can be used as is as the structure, and the necessary extensions or renovations can be made upwards to construct an apartment or other apartment building, making it possible to build an apartment building with the extensions or renovations originally envisaged.

[0049] In other words, the main structure can support the load of the original residential building as a whole, as well as the load that increases when an extension or renovation is carried out on upper floors. This means that there are no problems under the Building Standards Act, and it is possible to realize the construction of a legal residential building with the load capacity limited to that assumed in the original structural design.

[0050] In other words, for example, a single-story detached house for one family may initially be constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or renovation as described above. Ten years later, as the family grows and it becomes a two-family home, it may be expanded to a two-story building. Then, 20 years later, when only an elderly couple remains, the house may be renovated into an apartment, with the family living in one room and renting out the other rooms. In this way, by carrying out expansion or renovation in stages as the client's lifestyle changes, the property's value increases and it is possible for the property to survive and be passed down over the long term as a residential building.

[0051] In addition, because the application for building confirmation for this extension or renovation will be based on a structural design that can support the building after the extension, the building will be legal under the Building Standards Act at least at the time of this application. In addition, if future legal amendments may require steel-framed buildings to have even greater strength, the structure can be designed with future required strength in mind.

[0052] In addition, the non-collection dwelling referred to in this invention means a dwelling that, in principle, has one dwelling unit where one household lives, such as a detached house, while the collective dwelling referred to in this invention means a dwelling that, in principle, has multiple individual dwelling units where different households live, within the same building, such as an apartment or condominium.

[0053] (10) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method of constructing a residential building of the present invention includes the steps of constructing an apartment building by arranging a main structure consisting of a foundation and a steel frame structure in a substantially symmetrical or substantially identical structure with a residential section forming structure that serves as the framework of the residential section, and constructing the apartment building with a structural design that assumes specified expansions or renovations, and when it becomes necessary to expand or renovate the apartment building upwards, using the main structure as it is as the structure, and making the necessary expansions or renovations to construct a non-apartment building.

[0054] This construction method has requirements in common with the construction method (9) above, and the same effects resulting from these requirements will be referred to above and will not be explained further. On the other hand, this construction method, contrary to the construction method (9) above, allows for the construction of an apartment or other collective housing unit at first, and then later remodeling it into a non-collective housing unit such as a detached house.

[0055] (11) The construction method for a residential building of the present invention is a structure in which each of the living area forming structures can be connected and disconnected by attaching and detaching the required number of connecting beams to and from the living area forming structures, and the connecting beams can be removed from each living area forming structure or their attachment positions can be changed when expanding or renovating.

[0056] In this case, the residential building can connect each of the dwelling area forming structures by attaching a connecting beam to each of the dwelling area forming structures arranged in a predetermined position adjacent to each other. Also, the connection between each of the dwelling area forming structures can be released by removing the connecting beam from each of the connected dwelling area forming structures.

[0057] In other words, by connecting each of the living space forming structures by attaching the connecting beams, it is possible to construct one residential building with each of the living space forming structures integrated together, or by removing the connecting beams to release the connection between each of the living space forming structures, it is possible to construct two residential buildings with each of the living space forming structures as separate entities.

[0058] Furthermore, when remodeling, for example, to make the common area larger, if the connecting beams get in the way, the installation position can be changed to a place where they do not get in the way while maintaining the necessary functions such as strength. In this way, the combination of each living area forming structure using connecting beams can be flexibly adapted to the form of the residential building that is aimed for in the extension or renovation.

[0059] (12) The method for constructing a residential building of the present invention can also be configured to, after structural design, use a specified simulation software to conduct an earthquake simulation to verify the strength of the main parts of the structure, and if the strength is sufficient, proceed with construction of the residential building.

[0060] In this case, before constructing a residential building, it is possible to verify, for example, the level of earthquake resistance that the building can withstand. In some cases, this makes it possible to redo the structural design to build a stronger residential building, thereby enabling the construction of a residential building that is closer to the client's wishes. Effect of the Invention

[0061] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a residential building and a construction method for a residential building that allows future expansion or renovation in the upward direction to be carried out stably and legally with sufficient strength of the main structure, and that also has excellent workability for changing the steel frame structure of the main structure when expanding or renovating, and that can survive and be passed down as a residential building for the long term. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0062] [Figure 1]1A and 1B show the structure of the main body of a housing building according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is an explanatory perspective view of the main body, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the connection portion shown in part P1 of FIG. [Diagram 2] The structure of the main body of the building is shown, with (a) being a plan view of the foundation, (b) being a front view without the foundation, and (c) being a plan view without the foundation. [Diagram 3] The mounting structure of the small beam is shown, where (a) is a front view and (b) is an AA cross-sectional view. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B show the structure of a residential building according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the residential building, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the concealed portion shown in part P2 of FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the obscuring portion shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 shows a planned transition of the form of the residential building of the present invention, where (a) is a perspective view showing the first form (single-story type), (b) is a perspective view showing the second form (two-story extension type), and (c) is a perspective view showing the third form (renovated apartment building type). [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a floor plan of the residential building in FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 6(b) shows the structure of the residential building, where (a) is a floor plan of the first floor and (b) is a floor plan of the second floor. [Figure 9] FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing floor plans of each floor (common) of the residential building in FIG. 6(c). [Figure 10] 1A and 1B show a first modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a BB cross-sectional view. [Figure 11] 13A and 13B show a second modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC. [Figure 12] 13A and 13B show a third modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a DD cross-sectional view. [Figure 13] 13A and 13B show a fourth modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is an E-E sectional view. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the flow of a construction method for a residential building according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0063] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 1 to 13. Furthermore, the reference numerals in each figure are given to the extent that they can help understanding of the explanation while reducing the complexity of the figures, and when multiple equivalents are given the same reference numerals, the reference numerals may be given to only some of them.

[0064] The residential building, the structure of the main body of the residential building, and the construction method of the residential building according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 9. In this embodiment, what is initially constructed is a single-story detached residential building A1 (see Figures 6(a) and 7) that is approximately rectangular in plan view, and first, the main body 1 that forms the framework of the residential building will be described.

[0065] <Structure of main body 1> Please refer to Figures 1 to 3. 1 constitutes the main body of a residential building A1. The main body 1 is composed of a foundation 10 and a steel frame 11 constructed on the foundation 10.

[0066] The main body 1 is constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or remodeling in the upward direction where the load will increase. This structural design will be explained in the construction method for residential buildings described later.

[0067] (Basic part 10) The foundation 10 is made of reinforced concrete on the construction surface and is rectangular in plan view. The foundation 10 has two parallel foundation bases 100, four foundation columns 101 at a predetermined interval on each of the foundation bases 100, and underground beams 102 that are parallel to each other and connect the middle parts of the foundation bases 100 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(a)).

[0068] In the foundation part 10, each pillar 111 is connected to each foundation pillar 101 via an anchor bolt (not shown). The connection between the foundation part 10 and the pillars 111 may be made by embedding the pillars 111 in the foundation part 10, in addition to the connection via an anchor bolt. In the present embodiment, all the pillars 111 are connected to the foundation part 10, but this is not limiting, and does not exclude, for example, a case where some of the pillars 111 are not connected to the foundation part 10 (e.g., partition studs, etc.).

[0069] (Steel structure 11) The steel frame 11 is a rigid-frame structure having a plurality of columns 111 made of heavy steel and a plurality of beams 112 also made of heavy steel and erected between the columns 111, and has excellent earthquake resistance and load resistance, making it suitable for future expansion. The heavy steel frame used in this embodiment has a plate thickness of 6 mm or more, and square steel pipes are used for the columns 111 and H-shaped steel is used for the beams 112.

[0070] It goes without saying that it is possible to use only light steel frames, or to use both light steel frames and heavy steel frames, depending on the strength required for the residential building. In addition, there is no restriction on the type of steel material to be used for the columns 111 and beams 112, and various steel materials can be used, including I-beams, channel steel, solid columns, etc.

[0071] For example, if the residential building to be constructed initially is a single-story detached house, the beams 112 may be provided only to support the roof slab 23, but if the residential building is two or more stories, the beams may be provided to support the floor slabs 22 of each floor below the beams supporting the roof slab 23. In this embodiment, the beams 112 are initially beams that support the roof slab 23, but in the event of an extension to an upper floor in the future, they will become beams that support the floor slab of the second floor.

[0072] In addition, although the steel frame 11 includes the columns 111 and beams 112 as its minimum constituent members, this does not exclude the addition of members such as braces in addition to the columns 111 and beams 112. Furthermore, the term "beam" refers to a horizontal member installed between the columns 111, and is used as a general term including girders and the like.

[0073] The steel frame structure 11 is equipped with living space forming structures L1, L2 that are adjacently provided at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction. Each of the living space forming structures L1, L2 is formed of four pillars 111 erected vertically at the corners of a rectangle in plan view, and a total of four beams 112 erected horizontally between the tops of the pillars. Living space such as rooms and bathrooms can be constructed on the living space forming structures L1, L2.

[0074] The upper end of each pillar 111 is provided to protrude a predetermined height from the beam 112, and this protruding portion serves as an extension connection part 113 (see FIG. 1). In addition, a small beam 114, which is a connecting beam made of heavy steel, is attached at the same height as the beam 112 between the adjacent pillars 111 of the living space forming structures L1, L2.

[0075] As a result, the residential area forming structures L1 and L2 are connected and integrated, and a somewhat narrow common area forming structure L3 is formed between the residential area forming structures L1 and L2 by the four columns 111 of the residential area forming structures L1 and L2 that are closest to each other, two beams 112 erected between the two sets of columns 111, two small beams 114 connecting the columns 111, and two underground beams 102 of the foundation part 10 (see Figure 1). Common areas such as stairs that can be used jointly by people living in the residential areas constructed on each residential area forming structure can be constructed on the common area forming structure L3.

[0076] Furthermore, when extending or renovating later, for example when wanting to make the common area larger, if the small beams 114 get in the way, the installation position can be changed to a place where they do not get in the way while maintaining the necessary functions such as strength. In this way, the combination of the small beams 114 for the living space forming structures L1, L2 can be flexibly adapted to the form of the residential building that is aimed for by the extension or renovation.

[0077] Here, the mounting structure of the small beam 114 will be described with reference to FIG. An L-angle shaped beam fixing seat 116 is fixed at the same height on each of the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming frameworks L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. The small beam 114 to be attached is an H-shaped steel, and is formed with a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces.

[0078] The small beams 114 are fixed to each beam fixing seat 116 with fixing bolts and nuts 117 by placing a flange on one side on the upper surface of the horizontal part of each beam fixing seat 116, passing a bolt through a through hole provided in this horizontal part and the placed flange, and tightening it with a double nut.

[0079] According to this, when fixed, the contact surfaces of the flange of the small beam 114 and the beam fixing seat 116 are easily brought into close contact and are stable, so that the installation work of the small beam 114 is easy and the high rigidity allows for more solid fixing.

[0080] As described above, the living area forming structures L1 and L2 are connected via the attached small beam 114, but since the small beam 114 is removable, it is also possible to remove it to disconnect the living area forming structures L1 and L2.

[0081] In addition, when the living space formation structures L1 and L2 are connected, the living space formation structures L1 and L2 are symmetrical. In other words, the living space formation structures L1 and L2, which have the same shape and are assembled into a roughly rectangular parallelepiped shape, are located symmetrically with respect to the middle part between them (see Figures 1 and 2(a)).

[0082] Moreover, column and beam components (not shown) of an extension section to be extended in the upward direction can be connected to the extension connection parts 113. The extension connection parts 113 utilize the vicinity of the upper end of each column 111 as is, and the protruding height is, for example, 65 cm from the upper surface of the roof slab 23. This protruding height is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted as long as it is a height that is easy to work with.

[0083] An exterior wall 21 is provided on the steel frame skeleton 11 of the main skeleton portion 1. The exterior wall 21 is attached via an exterior wall base material (not shown) provided on the outside of the steel frame skeleton 11. In this embodiment, the exterior wall 21 is a bearing wall, and is particularly excellent in bearing strength against external forces from the lateral direction.

[0084] In this embodiment, since the residential building A1 to be constructed is a single-story detached house, a concrete floor slab 22 is provided on the foundation 10 of the first floor. A roof slab 23 is provided on top of the steel frame skeleton 11 of the main skeleton 1. In this embodiment, the roof slab 23 is a flat roof with no slope.

[0085] A handrail wall 231 is provided along the outer edge of the upper surface (rooftop) of the roof slab 23. The handrail wall 231 is formed by cutting out the area where the extension connection part 113 is provided (see FIG. 4).

[0086] 4, the extension connection part 113 is covered by a concealing part 115. The concealing part 115 is formed from a panel material with a weather-resistant coating, and has a shape of a square tube with the top plate covering the top. The concealing part 115 covers the extension connection part 113 to conceal it, and is provided integrally with it by fixing a lower flange part (reference number omitted) to the roof floor surface with an anchor (reference number omitted).

[0087] In this way, the building 2 shown in Fig. 4 is constructed. Then, the construction of the single-story residential building A1 is completed by attaching the required interior and exterior finishes to the building 2. Note that the residential building A1 is a house that is not an apartment building, that is, a non-apartment building, as shown in the floor plan of Fig. 7.

[0088] (action) The function of the residential building A1 according to the present invention will be described below. The function and effect of the main body part 1 will also be described.

[0089] The steel frame structure 11, in combination with the foundation 10, constitutes the main structure 1 of the residential building A1 to be constructed first. As described above, the steel frame structure 11 is a rigid frame structure made of steel, and has excellent earthquake resistance and load resistance. The main structure 1 has a strength based on the above structural design, and is therefore capable of supporting not only the residential building A1 to be constructed initially, but also any specified extensions that will be added upwards in the future.

[0090] In other words, the main body 1 of the residential building A1 was designed with the assumption that future expansions, etc., would be constructed on the basis of that structural design, and so is a structure that allows for the expected expansions, etc. to be constructed stably and legally. Furthermore, in the original state of the residential building A1 before expansions or renovations are carried out, the main body 1 has more than sufficient load-bearing and earthquake resistance, and has extremely strong structural strength.

[0091] Furthermore, when it becomes necessary to extend the residential building A1, the extension connection part 113 can be used as a clue to connect the column and beam components of the extension part, thereby realizing the desired extension that fully utilizes the strength of the main body part 1 calculated in the structural design carried out before the construction of the residential building A1. This makes it unnecessary to carry out structural design again and apply for building confirmation when extending the residential building A1, and allows the extension work to start promptly, shortening the construction period.

[0092] The concealment part 115 can suppress deterioration of the extension connection part 113 due to the outdoor environment such as wind, rain, ultraviolet rays, etc., during the period from when the residential building A1 is constructed until the time for extension comes. In addition, the concealment part 115 can also reduce the possibility of problems such as the occurrence of gaps between the extension connection part 113 and a roof slab or the like cast around it due to aging deterioration of the caulking part, which allows rainwater to penetrate and corrode the steel frame 11 inside.

[0093] The mounting structure of the small beams 114 of the steel frame skeleton 11 is not limited to the structure shown in Fig. 3, and various modified examples can be adopted. Modified examples 1 to 4 will be described below.

[0094] The mounting structure of the small beam 114a according to the first modification will be described with reference to FIG. An L-angle shaped beam fixing seat 116 is fixed at the same height on each of the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming frameworks L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. The small beam 114a to be attached is a square steel pipe made of heavy steel frame, and is formed to have a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces.

[0095] The small beam 114a is fixed to each beam fixing seat 116 with fixing bolts and nuts 117 by placing both ends on the upper surface of the horizontal part of each beam fixing seat 116, passing bolts through through holes provided in the opposing plates in the minimum radial direction of this horizontal part and the small beam 114a, and tightening them with double nuts.

[0096] The small beam 114a fixed in this way has an internal space, so the plate opposite the plate in contact with the beam fixing seat 116 is slightly deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and has superior toughness against external forces compared to H-shaped steel, which is fixed extremely firmly. This provides a better balance of displacement when subjected to external forces compared to H-shaped steel, and is less likely to cause brittle fracture of the connecting beam or large, irreversible deformation.

[0097] Moreover, a mounting structure of the small beam 114b according to the second modification will be described with reference to FIG. On the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming framework L1, L2 that are closer to each other, L-angle shaped beam fixing seats 116, 116a are fixed at the same height in two stages at a required interval, with the horizontal parts parallel to each other. The interval between each horizontal part is approximately the same as the interval between the outer faces of each flange of the small beam 114b, which is an H-shaped steel made of heavy steel.

[0098] The small beam 114b to be attached is formed to have a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces. The small beam 114b is arranged so that each flange is in contact with the upper and lower faces of the horizontal parts of the beam fixing seats 116, 116a and sandwiched between them, and is fixed to the beam fixing seats 116, 116a with fixing bolts and nuts 117 by passing bolts through holes provided in each horizontal part and each flange and tightening with double nuts on the outside.

[0099] According to this, when fixed, the contact surfaces of the flanges of the minor beam 114b and the beam fixing seats 116, 116a are easily in close contact and stable, so that the installation work of the minor beam 114b is easy and the high rigidity allows for more solid fixing.

[0100] Moreover, a mounting structure of a small beam 114c according to a third modification will be described with reference to FIG. An L-angle shaped beam fixing seat 116 is fixed at the same height on each of the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming frameworks L1, L2 that are closer to each other. On both sides of each beam fixing seat 116, guide pieces 118 that serve as guide parts are provided at right angles.

[0101] The small beams 114c to be attached are square steel pipes made of heavy steel and are formed to have a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces. Both ends of the small beams 114c are placed on the upper surface of the horizontal part of each beam fixing seat 116 and stored between the guide pieces 118. Bolts are passed through the through holes provided in the plates facing each other in the minimum radial direction of this horizontal part and the small beams 114c, and further through the through holes of each guide piece 118. The bolts are then fastened with double nuts to the beam fixing seats 116 with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

[0102] The small beam 114c fixed in this manner has space inside, so the plate opposite the plate in contact with the beam fixing seat 116 is slightly bent and deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and has superior toughness against external forces compared to H-shaped steel, which is fixed extremely firmly.

[0103] This provides better balance of displacement when subjected to external force compared to H-shaped steel, and is less susceptible to brittle fracture of the connecting beam or irreversible large deformation, etc. In addition, because the guide pieces 118 are also fixed in the penetrating direction with bolts and nuts 117, the installation can be made even more secure than the modified example 2 shown in FIG.

[0104] In addition, since the beam fixing seat 116 is provided with a guide piece 118 for guiding the small beam 114c to be attached to the attachment position, the positioning of the connecting beam 114c can be easily determined when attaching it to the beam fixing seat 116, which improves workability. Also, when removing the connecting beam 114c from the beam fixing seat 116, it is still held by the guide piece 118 at the time when the fixing bolt / nut 117 is removed, so that it is possible to prevent the worker from accidentally dropping the connecting beam 114c.

[0105] Moreover, a mounting structure of a small beam 114d according to a fourth modification will be described with reference to FIG. Beam fixing seats 116b are fixed at the same height on the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming frameworks L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. Each beam fixing seat 116b is a rectangular plate body that is fixed so that its short side is vertical.

[0106] The attached small beams 114d are I-beams made of heavy steel and are formed to have a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces. The small beams 114d are fixed to the beam fixing seats 116b with fixing bolts and nuts 117 by placing the webs on one side against the beam fixing seats 116b, passing bolts through the through holes provided in the webs and the beam fixing seats 116b, and tightening them with double nuts.

[0107] According to this, the contact surface between the flange of the small beam 114d and the beam fixing seat 116 is easily and stably attached during fixing, so the installation work of the small beam 114d is easy and it is possible to fix more firmly with high rigidity. In addition, since the beam fixing seat 116b is fixed vertically, it has excellent resistance to external forces acting in the vertical direction.

[0108] Now, with reference to FIG. 14, a method for constructing a residential building according to the present invention will be described. (1) Construction of the original single-storey detached residential building A1 (1-1) Structural design (design based on structural calculations in accordance with the structural plan) of the main body 1 of residential building A1 (S1) is carried out on the assumption that future expansion and renovation will be planned for the upper floors of the initially constructed single-story detached residential building A1, which will result in an increase in load from residential buildings A2 to A3 (described below).

[0109] Because the residential building A1 is a steel-framed structure, it has excellent strength in terms of load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance, and can withstand longer-term use than a wooden house, etc. In addition, the main body 1 was constructed with a structural design that assumed expansion or renovation in the upward direction where future loads will increase, so in the original state of the residential building A1 before expansion or renovation, it has more than enough load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance, making it a residential building with extremely strong structural strength.

[0110] Furthermore, if an extension or renovation to an upper floor becomes necessary in the future, the main structure 1 can be expanded or remodeled as originally envisaged. In other words, the main structure 1 as a whole can support the load that will increase with an extension or renovation to an upper floor, in addition to the load of the original residential building A1, so there are no problems under the Building Standards Act and it is possible to realize the construction of a legal residential building with the load assumed in the original structural design as the upper limit.

[0111] (1-2) Based on the structural design, a computer simulation is performed assuming an earthquake. The simulation can be performed by inputting the necessary data into the simulation software on the computer and running the program (S2).

[0112] As a simulation software, for example, a simulation software can be used in which the conditions of each formula and each coefficient used in processing the “Wooden Building Collapse Simulation Program” described in JP 2012-83813 A are optimized to correspond to a steel frame building, i.e., a main structure 1 having a steel frame skeleton 11.

[0113] This makes it possible to verify, for example, how much of an earthquake the residential building A1 can withstand before it is constructed, and in some cases makes it possible to redo the structural design to build a stronger residential building, thereby enabling the construction of a residential building that is closer to the client's wishes.

[0114] It should be noted that the simulation software is not limited to the above software, and other simulation software can be adopted as long as it is capable of performing an earthquake simulation of the main structure 1 having the foundation 10 and the steel frame structure 11 on a computer at the pre-construction stage.

[0115] (1-3) If the results of the simulation are not sufficient and do not meet the client's wishes, The structural design will be redone in line with the customer's wishes and the simulation will be performed again.

[0116] (1-4) If the results of the simulation are favorable and in line with the client's wishes, construction of the residential building A1 will proceed.

[0117] (1-5) The foundation 10 is constructed based on the above structural design. The shape of the foundation reinforced concrete consisting of the foundation base 100, foundation columns 101, and underground beams 102 is calculated based on the structural design, and the foundation 10 is constructed so as to be symmetrical (S3). (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(a))

[0118] (1-6) Next, a heavy-duty steel frame structure 11 is constructed on the foundation 10 based on the above structural design, and the main structure 1 is constructed together with the foundation 10. The shape of the steel frame structure 11, consisting of columns 111, beams 112, and sub-beams 114, is calculated from the structural design, and the steel frame structure 11 is constructed so as to be symmetrical (S4). (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(b))

[0119] In this way, by arranging the main body 1 in two locations in an approximately symmetrical structure with the living area forming bodies L1 and L2, this is advantageous for maintaining a good overall balance of weight and strength, whether it is the main body 1 consisting of the foundation 10 and steel frame body 11 of the residential building A1, or a residential building with exterior walls 21, slabs 22, 23, finishes, etc. built into the main body 1.

[0120] Furthermore, even if a renovation requires changes to the steel frame 11 of the main structure 1, the work is often common to many parts of the residential structures L1 and L2, making the work relatively easy and efficient. Therefore, better workability can be achieved compared to work requiring changes to the residential structures that are not symmetrical and have an irregular structure.

[0121] (1-7) Then, exterior walls 21, floor slabs 22, and roof slab 23 are provided on the main body 1 to construct the building 2 shown in FIG.

[0122] (1-8) Finally, the construction of the residential building A1, which is a single-story detached house, i.e., a non-apartment building, is completed by installing the interior and exterior finishes of the building 2 (S5). (See Figures 6(a) and 7.)

[0123] (2) Construction of two-story residential building A2 If a person is living in the residential building A1, which is a non-apartment building, and later, for example, their family grows and the household becomes a two-generation household consisting of a parent-and-child couple and a son-and-son couple and their children, they can extend the building upwards, for example, to build a two-story residential building A2, which is a non-apartment building.

[0124] This extension is included in the future structural plan when the residential building A1 was originally constructed as described above. When the extension is performed, the extension joints 113 are used as a clue to connect the column and beam components of the extension to construct a reinforced concrete framework (not shown) for the second floor, and exterior walls, floor slabs, and roof slabs are installed on the reinforced concrete framework, and interior and exterior finishes are installed to complete the extension and construct the residential building A2 (S6). (See Fig. 6(b), Fig. 8(a), (b))

[0125] As shown in the floor plan of FIG. 8, the residential building A2 is a two-story building that is not an apartment building, that is, a non-apartment building.

[0126] This makes it possible to realize the specified extension originally envisaged, making full use of the strength of the main body 1 calculated in the structural design carried out before the construction of the residential building A1. In other words, the main body 1 of the original residential building A1 was structurally designed with the assumption that an extension to the upper floors would be constructed in the future, and was constructed based on that structural design, so the residential building A2, which is extended according to the assumed structural plan, can be constructed stably, and the strength of the main body, which was changed according to the design at the time of the original structural plan, is sufficient, making it a legal residential building.

[0127] (3) Construction of residential building A3 in an apartment complex In addition, if a family lives in the residential building A2, which is a non-apartment building, and later, for example, the son and his wife are transferred and move out with their children, leaving the elderly couple alone, the entire residential building A2 can be renovated to create residential building A3, which is a collective housing such as an apartment.

[0128] This floor, like the residential building A2, is included in the future structural plan when the residential building A1 was originally constructed as described above. When renovating, the main parts of the structure that were modified during the extension of the residential building A2 are utilized, and the reinforced concrete structure is modified if necessary, and exterior walls, floor slabs, and roof slabs are installed on the reinforced concrete structure, and interior and exterior finishes are built to construct the residential building A3 (S7) (see Figure 6(c) and Figure 9).

[0129] As shown in the floor plan of Figure 9, the residential building A3 is an apartment building with two units side-by-side on both the first and second floors, each with the same living space.

[0130] This makes it possible to realize the specified extension originally envisaged, making full use of the strength of the main body 1 calculated in the structural design carried out before the construction of the residential building A1. In other words, the structural design of the main body 1 of the original residential building A1 was carried out on the assumption that an extension to the upper floors would be constructed in the future, and the building was constructed based on that structural design, so the residential building A3, which is extended according to the envisaged structural plan, can be constructed stably, and the strength of the main body, which was changed in line with the design at the time of the original structural design, is sufficient, making it a legitimate residential building.

[0131] In addition, an elderly couple can live in one room of the residential building A3 and rent out the other rooms, and receive rent for their lives. In this way, by gradually expanding or renovating the residential building in accordance with the changes in the owner's lifestyle, it is possible to increase the value of the real estate while allowing it to continue and be passed down as a residential building for the long term.

[0132] In addition, the construction method according to the present invention can be the opposite of the above construction method, where an apartment or other collective housing unit is initially constructed, and then later remodeled into a non-collective housing unit such as a detached house. In other words, initially, the owner lives in one room of the apartment, rents out the other rooms to earn rental income, and later, when the son and his wife return to their hometown, the collective housing unit can be separated and remodeled into two detached houses.

[0133] In addition, in the above construction method, the single-story residential building A1 is transitioned to a two-story residential building A2, but this is not limited to this. For example, it is also possible to transition from the single-story residential building A1 to a residential building in which the second floor is provided only in part rather than the entire building, and then to expand it to two stories in total. The flow of expansion or renovation can be planned appropriately in the structural plan.

[0134] The terms and expressions used in this specification and the claims are for explanatory purposes only and are not limiting in any way. There is no intention to exclude terms and expressions equivalent to the features described in this specification and the claims or parts thereof. For example, the target buildings are not limited to residential buildings, but can also include other buildings such as warehouses and stores. Various modifications are possible within the technical concept of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0135] A1 Residential buildings 1 Main body parts 10 Foundation 100 Basic Base 101 Foundation pillar 102 Underground beam 11 Steel structure 111 Pillars 112 Beam 113 Extension connection 114 Small beam 115 Obscure part 116 Fixed seat for beam 117 Fixing bolts and nuts 118 Guide L1, L2 living area forming framework L3 Common area forming frame 2 Buildings 21 Exterior Wall 22 Floor slab 23 Roof Slab 231 Railing wall A2 Residential buildings A3 Residential building

Claims

[Claim 1] A foundation part formed by connecting the intermediate parts of the foundation base installed in parallel at two places with four underground beams installed in parallel; A steel frame structure including foundation columns provided at the connection between the foundation base and the underground beams, each column connected to the upper end of the foundation columns, and a plurality of beams installed between each of the columns; The two residential buildings are made up of two steel frame structures with rigid frame construction, arranged symmetrically with a certain distance between them. A connecting beam is installed between each column of the two buildings that are close to each other in the residential area structure, Extension connections formed at the top ends of the columns of the steel frame that constitutes the residential structure of the two buildings A residential building consisting of:

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